Will the 21 st Century Belong to China? Dwight St. John Winter 2014

Transcription

1 Will the 21 st Century Belong to China? Dwight St. John Winter 2014

2 Will the 21 st Century Belong to China? Part One: China s Unique History Part Two: China s Modern History, 1750 to the Present Part Three: China s Domestic Challenges Part Four: China s Political Future Part Five: China s Relations with America and the World

3 For Chinese people, history is our religion.we don t have a supernatural standard of right and wrong, good and bad, so we view History as the ultimate Judge. Each Chinese is a born nationalist. --Hu Ping

4 Part One: China s Unique History

5 Wedding Photos of My Student Yan You Ping

6 Beauties of the Tang Dynasty ( )

7 The Yellow Emperor

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9 Preface to The Orchid Pavilion Collection by Wang Xizhi (353 CE) The most famous calligraphy in Chinese history

10 Emperor Huizong s Calligraphy, Slender Gold

11 An interesting cultural difference The English word civilization derives from the Latin word civilis, meaning civil, related to the Latin civilis, meaning citizen, and civitas, meaning city or city-state. The Chinese word for civilization wénhùa--literally means the transforming power of writing.

12 From The Romance of the Three Kingdoms The empire, long divided, must unite; long united, must divide. Thus it has ever been.

13 His Holiness The 14 th Dalai Lama of Tibet a wolf in monk s robes?

14 Territorial Integrity: Chinese Sensitivities

15 Drinking yak butter tea with Tibetan pilgrims Lhasa, 1986

16 National Borders: Fears of Separation

17 Suicide Attack by Uighurs, Tiananmen Square, October 2013

18 A Lucky Country

19 The Qing Dynasty Qing means pure : The new dynasty promises to restore the purity of the corrupt and ineffectual Ming Dynasty, its predecessor

20 The Longest Period of Chaos: The Warring States BC

21 Qin The First Imperial Dynasty

22 The Country s Name China called itself Zhong Guo which means the Middle Kingdom or the Central Country

23 China and Its Neighbors

24 The Silk Road

25 A Key Point: For two thousand years, China was never required to deal with countries or civilizations that were comparable to it in scale and sophistication.

26 Admiral Zheng He

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28 Replica of One of Zheng He s Treasure Ships

29 Zheng He s Treasure Ship with Columbus Santa Maria

30 Two Voyages of Zheng He,

31 Navigator Zheng He ( ) Columbus (1492) Da Gama (1498) Magellan (1521) Number of Ships 48 to ,000 Number of Crew Ca

32 Voyages of Admiral Zheng He --To establish a Chinese presence in the Indian Ocean basin, by proclaiming the Emperor s glory, lavishing gifts, and inviting visits ; --To exert imperial control over trade; --He brought back only gifts (e.g. live giraffes) but did not seek to establish colonies in foreign lands; --An early example of Chinese soft power.

33 Qin The First Imperial Dynasty BC

34 The Han Dynasty 206 BC AD 220

35 The Tang Dynasty

36 The Southern Song Empire

37 The Ming Dynasty Empire

38 The Qing Dynasty Empire

39 The Kangxi Emperor Reigned

40 The Qianlong Emperor Reigned

41 1736: A French Jesuit Account: The riches peculiar to each province, and the facility of conveying merchandise, by means of rivers and canals, have rendered the domestic trade of the empire always very flourishing. The inland trade of China is so great that the commerce of all Europe is not to be compared therewith; the provinces being like so many kingdoms, which communicate to each other their respective productions.

42 In 610 AD the system of waterways known as the Grand Canal linked Hangzhou with the northern capital near Beijing

43 Life Along the Grand Canal

44 Francois Quesnay, French Political Economist

45 1776: Francois Quesnay s Account: No one can deny that this state is the most beautiful in the world, the most densely populated, and the most flourishing kingdom known. Such an empire as that of China is equal to what all Europe would be if the latter were united under a single sovereign.

46 Will the 21 st Century Belong to China? One answer: Well, 18 of the past 20 centuries belonged to China!

47 Qianlong Emperor,

48 Old Summer Palace

49 Forbidden City, Peking Rectilinear and Symmetrical

50 Major Chinese Holidays I. Traditional Activities a. Spring Festival (Chinese New Year) visit family; fireworks b. Lantern Festival (15 th day of first lunar celebrate first full moon with month) lantern parade and lion dance c. Qingming (Tomb-Sweeping Day) visit, clean, make offerings at ancestors tombs d. Dragon Boat Festival Dragon Boat race; eat zongzi; commemorates poet Qu Yuan e. Mid-Autumn Festival big family meal; eat mooncakes II. Modern a. National Day (October 1) founding of PRC, October 1, 1949 b. International Children s Day June 1 c. New Year s Day January 1 d. May Day May 1; Labor Day

51 Confucius a Latinized Form of the Name In Chinese his name is Kong Fu Zi, or usually just Kong Zi, which means Master Kong (Kong is his family name).

52 In the Kong Forest, Confucius Family Graveyard, Qufu, Shandong Province

53 Kong Forest

54 Statue of Confucius at Center of Campus, Nanjing Normal University

55 A page of The Analects of Confucius

56 The Kòu tóu

57 The Origins of Modern Western Diplomacy

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59 The Truce of Nice, 1538 A World of Equals

60 Emperor Taizong (Tang Dynasty) Granting Audience to Emperor of Tibet

61 There was no Foreign Ministry until late in the 19 th century. Instead ties with tribute-bearing states such as Vietnam, Korea, and Thailand, were handled by the Ministry of Rituals!

62 European Clock Collection in The Forbidden City

63 Mongol Cavalry

64 The Great Wall

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