Richard Gaskalla Director of Division of Plant Industry. Charles Bronson Commissioner of Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services

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1 Buenas noches! Workshop on Citrus Huanglongbing Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico 2008

2 Current Situation, Official Quarantine / Regulations and Management of HLB in Florida Wayne Dixon Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry Richard Gaskalla Director of Division of Plant Industry Workshop on Citrus Huanglongbing Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico 2008 Charles Bronson Commissioner of Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services

3 Citrus production in the United States has been an important part of our rich and abundant agricultural heritage dating back to the introduction of citrus into St. Augustine, Florida in the 1500s and the planting of the first commercial grove in 1823 by French Count Odel Philippe.

4 Current Situation in Florida Workshop on Citrus Huanglongbing Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico 2008

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6 Because of the extreme threat HLB or citrus greening posed to Florida, the FDACS (Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services) conducted surveys for many years Once the ACP was found on 2 June1998 on Key lime in Delray Beach, Palm Beach Co., survey efforts intensified On 24 August 2005, a targeted survey in took place in communities with concentrations of people where HLB is endemic and thus a higher h risk of receiving infected plant material Dr. Halbert Two citrus trees showing symptoms were identified in South Florida

7 state pdf

8 Length and Breadth from Initial Detection in August 2005

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13 Official Quarantine and Regulations in Florida Workshop on Citrus Huanglongbing Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico 2008

14 HLB Difficult to Manage in Regulatory Agriculture due to: Nonspecific nature of disease symptoms Prolonged latency of the disease in field and nursery trees Probable irregular distribution of pathogen in trees Effect of temperature on symptom expression Need diagnostic test that keys on host s s systemic response se specific to HLB Visual symptoms and PCR are HLB diagnostic mainstays but there are pitfalls

15 USDA FURTHER EXPANDS CITRUS GREENING QUARANTINE IN FLORIDA WASHINGTON, Jan. 11, The U.S. Department of Agriculture s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service issued a federal order today, effective immediately, that expands the citrus greening quarantine zone to include the entire state of Florida. Quarantine Rules

16 Citrus greening quarantine zone has been expanded to the entire state of Florida Nursery - All citrus nursery stock that is produced or located within an established citrus greening quarantine area shall not be eligible for movement or distribution outside of the citrus greening quarantine area, except citrus nursery stock intended for export to foreign markets. It must be treated, inspected and accompanied by a limited permit that prevents distribution to any citrus-producing states or territories where the ACP is not present. Homeowners in Residential Areas - While the planting of certified citrus in a citrus greening quarantine area is allowed, the movement of citrus plant material outside of the quarantine area is prohibited.

17 The interstate movement of citrus fruit is not restricted by the federal order; however, under the federal citrus canker quarantine, fresh citrus from Florida must meet certain requirements and cannot be shipped to any citrus-producing states or territories Need scientific evidence to show that nursery stock can be handled in a way that prevents the risk of spreading citrus greening. Then, APHIS would pursue rulemaking to allow the interstate movement of these plants

18 USDA APHIS PPQ 2. Regulated Articles. The following are regulated articles based on the fact that they are plants or plant parts that are hosts of ACP. Regulated articles may only be moved interstate from areas quarantined due to the presence of the ACP in accordance with this Order: A. From portions of Florida regulated for CG (Section I., 1. of this Federal Order), plants, budwood, cuttings, or other fresh or live plant parts, except seed and fruit of the following species which are hosts of ACP, but not hosts of CG: Aegle marmelos Afraegle gabonensis A. paniculata Atalantia ti spp. Citropsis i gilletiana C. schweinfurthii Clausena anisum-olens C. excavate Eremocitrus glauca Eromocitrus hybrid Merrillia caloxylon Microcitrus australis Naringi crenulata Pamburus missionis Toddalia asiatica Vepris lanceolata Zanthoxylum fagara M. papuana x Microcitronella

19 USDA APHIS PPQ B. From portions of Florida not quarantined for CG, and from all other States or portions of states, Territories, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, quarantined for ACP, all plants, budwood, cuttings, or other fresh or live plant parts except seed and fruit of species that are hosts of ACP: Aegle marmelos Aeglopsis chevalieri Afraegle gabonensis Afraegle paniculata Atalantia spp. Balsamocitrus dawei Bergera (=Murraya) koenigii Calodendrum capense X Citrofortunella microcarpa x Citroncirus webberi Citropsis schweinfurthii Citrus spp. Clausena anisum-olens Clausena excavata Clausena indica Clausena lansium Eremocitrus glauca Eremocitrus hybrid Fortunella spp. Limonia acidissima Merrillia caloxylon Microcitrus australasica Microcitrus australis Microcitrus papuana X Microcitronella Sydney Murraya spp. Naringi crenulata Pamburus missionis Poncirus trifoliata Severinia buxifolia Swinglea glutinosa Toddalia asiatica Toddalia lanceolata Triphasia trifolia Vepris lanceolata Xanthoxylum fagara

20 Citrus Health Response Plan became the Citrus Health Response Program

21 Citrus Health Response Program - CHRP The Citrus Health Response Program was developed to provide protection at every level of citrus production. It started with scoping sessions in late 2005 and early 2006 by key stakeholders in citrus protection and production who discussed various options from which came the concept of a Citrus Health Response Program Through the CHRP, state and federal agriculture officials, and the scientific and academic community continue to work with industry on how to best manage greening and other citrus diseases FDACS, in cooperation with UF/IFAS, has developed training materials to help the industry deal with the increased challenges of growing citrus

22 Citrus Health Response Program - CHRP Registration required for producers, production units, nurseries, budwood facilities, harvesters, packing houses and processors Surveys conducted to verify compliance requirements for fruit harvest and disease freedom in nurseries and budwood facilities Disease management strategies implemented for fruit production systems and dooryard citrus

23 Citrus Health Response Program - CHRP Underlying CHRP were the basic principles for management or reduction of HLB through the prevention or reduction of inoculum in the field and structures by: Disease-free planting material Control of the psyllid population Timely removal of infected trees

24 Changes in the Regulatory and Industry Landscape Movement and Protection of Citrus Budwood and Germplasm Facilities Established Rules on Nursery Stock Movement Established Rules on Greenhouse Construction ti for Psyllid Control GIS Services for Mapping Disease Movement Citrus Industry Self-Survey Survey Programs Multiple Pest Survey with USDA APHIS PPQ Diagnostic Support (Laboratory Network) Biological Control Research Abandoned Groves

25 We have a workforce consisting of: 8 CHRP inspectors 93 PE&C Survey and regulatory specialists 143 Environmental specialists 152 Fruit fly trappers DPI and 80 Fruit fly trappers USDA 8Cit Citrus Tree Survey inspectors 8 CAPS Pest survey specialists 42 Protocol specialists 65 Pathology; Nematology; Entomology staff = 599 specialists

26 Florida Statutes and Rules Chapters Title XXXV Agriculture, Horticulture and Animal Industry Chapter Plant Industry; powers and duties Chapter 581 Plant Industry Rules Chapter 5B-63 : Citrus Health Response Program Rules Chapter 5B-62: Citrus Nursery Stock Certification Program

27 Movement and Protection of Citrus Budwood and Germplasm Facilities Nurseries and Budwood Key Elements The following are minimum standards for citrus nurseries or budwood facilities: 1. Registration of all citrus nurseries and budwood facilities 2. Approval of citrus nursery and budwood facility sites 3. Geographic separation from concentrations of citrus trees 4. Production of citrus nursery stock and budwood sources in approved structures t 5. Security and sanitation measures to prevent pest or disease introductions 6. Training and education 7. Inspections to verify pest- and disease-freedom in citrus nurseries and budwood facilities 8. Citrus nursery stock, budwood and seed certification

28 Movement and Protection of Citrus Budwood and Germplasm Facilities Nurseries and Budwood Key Elements A citrus nursery or budwood facility is defined as a geographically distinct location where Citrus nursery stock is produced d for wholesale l or retail sale, movement to another location, use within a citrus grove or Citrus trees are maintained as sources of budwood or seed in order to propagate citrus nursery stock Each facility must have appropriate biosecurity measures to prevent the movement of citrus pests and diseases between locations

29 Movement and Protection of Citrus Budwood and Germplasm Facilities Citrus Budwood Facility Because of the amount of disease pressure in the citrus-producing counties of Florida, the Department has moved its budwood facilities from Winter Haven and other locations in Central and South Florida to North Florida (ca. 120 mi; 200 km) An 80,000 ft 2 (7432 m 2 ) insect-proof facility has been completed in Levy County and a 3,600 ft 2 (334 m 2 ) laboratory and office building is nearing construction. Citrus Germplasm Indexing Program A second facility in Alachua County is the final stages of design. The citrus indexing program will be housed in a 20,000 ft 2 greenhouse and 3,600 ft 2 laboratory/office building. A backup citrus budwood greenhouse (40, ft 2 ) that t will be maintained i for industry use at these facilities will be subject to an intense testing regime to assure it is pathogen-free.

30 Established Rules on Greenhouse Construction ti Rules Chapter 5B-62: Citrus Nursery Stock Certification Program 5B Requirements for Citrus Nursery Structure (1) All citrus nursery stock propagated after January 1, 2007 must originate from a greenhouse structure and site approved by the Department. All citrus nursery stock moved or sold after December 31, 2007 must originate from a greenhouse.

31 Citrus Nursery Stock Producers As of January 1, 2007 all new citrus propagations must be conducted on sites and within protective structures that have been approved by the Department As of December 31, 2007, existing citrus nursery stock that was produced before January 1, 2007, but not produced within an approved structure, is no longer eligible for sale or movement in accordance with the new rules All citrus nursery propagators must follow decontamination requirements and be inspected by the Department every 30 days Specific requirements are contained within Rule Chapter 5B-62, Florida Administrative Code In accordance with the Federal Domestic Quarantine on Citrus Greening and Asian Citrus Psyllid dated 1/11/08, the following articles are prohibited from being moved interstate from areas quarantined due to citrus greening: all plants and plant parts, including but not limited to nursery stock, cuttings, budwood, and seed (but excluding fruit), of Citrus spp., Fortunella spp., Murraya spp., etc.

32 Nursery Environs Survey Under the newly approved guidelines, growing citrus within one mile of a commercial citrus nursery is prohibited, unless the nursery location was grandfathered in by the Department. Properties (residential and commercial) within one mile of commercial citrus nurseries will be surveyed annually for citrus pests and diseases. Control measures for any detected pests or diseases will be handled on a case by case basis.

33 Established Rules on Nursery Stock Movement FDACS Florida Citrus Nursery Certification Program, designed to protect new citrus plantings, is well underway 46 citrus nurseries are in compliance with the new citrus nursery regulations have been registered with the state These regulations require that all citrus nursery plants be grown in insect-proof structures The need for citrus trees is high as the industry recovers from the loss of trees due to citrus canker and citrus greening

34 Established Rules on Greenhouse Construction 5B Requirements for Citrus Nursery Structure (2) Effective January 1, 2007 newly propagated commercial and dooryard citrus nursery stock and all budwood source trees must be maintained in an approved structure at an approved site as follows: (a) An approved structure must have enclosed sides and tops built to exclude insects with positive pressure double-door entries. Sides and roofs shall at a minimum exclude melon aphids. (b) If cooling pads and fans are used, they must be enclosed with insect screen that will allow for adequate air displacement. (c) If the integrity of the structure is compromised or breached, the citrus nursery stock shall be subject to immediate quarantine action and will not be eligible for certification until treated as prescribed by the Department and released from quarantine. Pest monitoring tools such as yellow sticky traps or other detection devices for plant-feeding insects should be used by the nursery and may be used by the Department to evaluate the integrity of the structure. (d) Dooryard citrus nursery stock maintained i in containers larger than seven inches in diameter may be kept in an enclosed screenhouse designed to deter citrus psyllids. (e) Citrus nursery stock may be moved from one approved structure into another approved structure on the same approved site provided the plants are in the process of being actively relocated and are covered

35 Established Rules on Greenhouse Construction

36 Established Rules on Greenhouse Construction

37 Citrus Compliance: Business Plan and Self Survey Growers must register by signing compliance agreements. New agreements have been mailed to previously registered growers, and are available by contacting Statewide CHRP offices. Components of the compliance agreements include: Submission of a business plan is now required when submitting a compliance agreement. The business plan must describe each grower s plans for decontamination practices, self-survey, and pest management strategies for controlling citrus canker, citrus greening, and the Asian Citrus Psyllid. Decontamination is only required when departing a grove. However, growers may require people to decontaminate prior to entering as an added precaution.

38 Citrus Compliance: Harvesters, Processors, Packers Citrus Harvesters Harvesters must register by signing i and submitting a new compliance agreement and business plan. Packets of the new harvester/ handler forms are available on the web. Citrus Processors Citrus processors must also register by signing a new compliance agreement. A business plan is required from each processor indicating plans for decontamination of field personnel and equipment entering groves Trailers that do not come into contact with citrus trees do not have to be decontaminated, but must be free of citrus debris upon unloading at processing facility Citrus Packers Citrus packers must sign compliance agreements with USDA that contain fruit sampling, inspection, decontamination and packing requirements

39 Citrus Compliance Agreements

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42 How the Public can help Destroy infected trees Certified Plants Vigilance Packing Advice Alternative Plants

43 Biological Control Biological Control for the Asian Citrus Psyllid FDACS in conjunction with the University of Florida imported a parasitic wasp, Tamarixia radiata,, from Asia It has become established in Florida. This wasp and other natural enemies have reduced ACP populations

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45 HLB Take Home Lessons: 1. Protect your budwood/germplasm source immediately. Get it indoors and away from citrus-producing areas. 2. Increase communications between state, federal and stakeholders. Increased information flow makes for better and coordinated responses to the challenge. 3. Frequent surveys are essential

46 The Perfect Storm : Citrus Canker, Citrus Greening and Citrus Tristeza Effects in Broward Co. PEST Florida Take the pest off the agricultural commodity

47 Gracias! Thank you for your attention!

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49 Fresh Fruit Movement Citrus-Producing i States - Fresh fruit movement to citrusproducing states is prohibited. Non-Citrus Producing States - USDA will inspect fresh fruit in packing houses and issue limited permits. Fresh Fruit Exported to other Countries - Fruit destined for other countries ti must meet tthe receiving i country s entry requirements. Europe will accept citrus from Florida if an inspection of the grove block and immediate vicinity are free of citrus canker. Asian countries do not classify citrus canker as a quarantine pest, but the fruit must be free of citrus canker to meet basic phytosanitary requirements. Contact the Department for specific details.

50 Currently, there are ca HLB+ TSR 17,460 HLB+ trees statewide t 56% grove samples; 40% residential or dooryard nurseries; 4% nurseries We can process ca. 200 PCR/week; and another 200 in visual mode on related neighbor trees in Plant Pathology and the ADL Processed 8,799 samples; 8,756 completed Paper administration is the greatest impediment