BEHAVIOR OF HOT AND COLD

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1 City Academy Science Kitchen Chemistry Winter STEAM Packet NAME: _ INTRODUCTION: In both science and STEAM class, students were introduced to the chemical and physical properties of matter during their chemistry unit. Many of the investigations below involve making these investigations accessible to families in their own kitchen. Below are topics and investigations you can do at home with products you may already have in the pantry or can find at local stores. LIST OF SUPPLIES: 1. Food coloring 2. Balloons 3. 4 small empty water bottles 4. 2-liter bottle of Diet Coke 5. Peppermint Mentos 6. Baking Soda 7. Vinegar 8. Hydrogen Peroxide 9. Orange Jell-O Packet 10. Lemon Juice 11. Eye-dropper 12. Large pot 13. Red Cabbage 14. Household products 15. Clear plastic straws 16. Vegetable or Canola Oil 17. Play-dough or clay 18. Borax (found in many laundry isles) 19. Glue (white glue or woodworkers glue) 20. Cornstarch 21. Fireplace Matches (the longer the better) 22. Milk (2% or whole milk) 23. Dry Active Yeast 24. Table salt 25. Newspaper (for doing messy experiments) BEHAVIOR OF HOT AND COLD This investigation depicts how heated fluids (gases and liquids) behave. Heated substances rise and cooled substances fall. All the water prepared in the first 5 steps can be used for all other steps. 1. Heat 4 cups of water in a pan on the stove and chill another 4 cups of water over ice 2. Color ¼ cup of hot water red and another ¼ cup of water blue (use 3 drops of food color) 3. Using a tall glass cup, fill the cup with tap water and allow it to come to room temperature 4. Using the eye dropper, drop some cold blue water into the cup and watch what it does 5. Using the eye dropper, drop some red hot water into the cup and watch what it does

2 1. Fill a small empty water bottle with tap water 2. Using a small ball of clay or play-dough, wrap this around the middle of the outside of a clear plastic straw 3. Seal the top of the water bottle with the clay so that half of the straw is down in the water and half is sticking out of the bottle. Make sure there is little to no air in the bottle when sealed. 4. Using the eyedropper, fill the straw sticking out of the bottle with enough tap water that the water line in the straw can be seen just above the ball of clay. 5. Without squeezing the bottle, put it in the pan of hot water. Let it sit there for a while and watch the water line. 6. Take this same bottle out of the hot water and put it in cold water. Let it sit there for a while and watch the water line. 1. Drop one drop of food coloring into a cup of very cold water. Watch what it does. 2. Drop one drop of food coloring into a cup of very hot water. Watch what it does.

3 CHEMICAL REACTIONS Some matter, when mixed together can cause new matter to be formed. This formation of new matter is called a chemical reaction. 1. Stretch two large deflated balloons; fill one balloon with a tablespoon of baking soda and the other balloon with a tablespoon of dry yeast. 2. Pour one cup of vinegar into an empty water, and one cup of hydrogen peroxide into another empty water bottle. 3. Put a tablespoon of dry yeast into another empty water. 4. Without dumping the contents into the bottles, pull the balloon with the baking soda over the lip of the bottle with the vinegar and balloon with yeast over the lip of the bottle with the hydrogen peroxide. 5. Lift the balloons so the contents pour down into the bottles. You will see two chemical reactions occur and these may cause the balloons to fill with gas. It may take some time for the yeast and peroxide. 6. Remove the balloons from the tops of the bottle. 7. Light a long fireplace match and put the burning end into the bottle with the baking soda and vinegar. Watch closely to what happens. 8. Light the match again and put the burning end into the bottle with yeast. The match will stay lit. Pull he match out and shake the bottle to pop the bubbles, then put the match back in. Watch closely to what happens. 1. Mix one Orange Jell-O packet with a cup of vinegar. 2. Put 3 tablespoons of baking soda in a small empty water bottle. 3. Pour the jello vinegar mixture into the bottle with the baking soda. This will create the traditional over-flowing volcano we all remember.

4 SOLUTIONS AND SUSPENSIONS Two common types of mixtures are solutions and suspensions. Solutions are mixtures where a substance dissolves, and suspensions are mixtures where substances separate. 1. Dye a half-cup or water red and pour it into a small clear glass cup. 2. Pour a half-cup of vegetable on top of the water in the glass. 3. The oil will appear to float on top of the water. Gently stir the two together and they will slowly separate. 1. Mix 2 teaspoons of lemon juice (vinegar can be a substitute) with a half-cup of water. 2. Mix a half-cup of milk with 2 tablespoons of water. 3. Blend the lemon juice and milk mixtures together in a clear glass and watch what happens. Milk curds will settle to the bottom and water will rise to the top. 4. Filter the curds through a coffee filter or paper towel for about 10 minutes. Thin wet curds will be left behind. This is the first step of cheese making. 1. Mix 2 tablespoons of Borax with 1 cup of water. 2. Mix 1 cup of glue with one cup of water. Add 8 drops of green food dye. Stir well 3. Slowly add the borax mixture with the glue mixture, stirring the whole time. Slime will start to form. The more Borax mixture you add, the stiffer the slime will become. 4. Remove the slime and rinse it under some water in the sink. Have fun playing with it. 1. Dye a half-cup of water green with 6 drops of green food dye. 2. Slowly stir a half-cup of water into one cup of cornstarch. You may not need to use all the water (you may need more, it depends on humidity). It will become difficult to stir. You may want to use your hands. The mixture will flow like a liquid but you can roll it in your hands like a solid. Slap, poke, and punch the mixture. It feels solid sometimes and a liquid other times. 1. Outside, drop five to seven Mentos in a 2-liter bottle of Diet Coke. The soda will come rushing out of the bottle in a foam fountain. The Mentos pull the gas out of suspension quickly.

5 ph SCALE Acids and bases can be tested in your home using the color extracted from red cabbage. If the juice of the red cabbage turns green, the substance is a base. If the juice turns red, the substance is an acid, and if it stays purple it is neutral. ALL TO BE DONE UNDER ADULT SUPERVISION: 1. Chop a red cabbage into small pieces, place in a large pot with 3 to 4 cups of water, and boil on the stove for about 10 to 20 minutes until the water turns purple 2. Separate the juice from the solid parts of the cabbage; let the juice cool to room temperature 3. Find at least 8 different substances in the house to test (suggestions include cleaners, beverages, safe medicines, antacid tablets, foods and condiments, attempt to find clear substances) 4. Mix all the substances into some water to thin each substance out into a solution. 5. Place ¼ to ½ of each solution into clear glass or plastic containers 6. Add red cabbage juice to each solution slowly until there is a noticeable color change (some substances may not cause a big change or any change at all. Write the name of each substance below, describe the color change if any, and whether or not the substance is an acid, a base or neutral