SURVEY OF IRON DEFICIENCY IN FLORIDA CITRUS

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "SURVEY OF IRON DEFICIENCY IN FLORIDA CITRUS"

Transcription

1 KUYKENDALL: IRON DEFICIENCY permanently in July 95 and the water level in the ditch was lowered seven and onehalf feet. The water table at the 0 foot position was lowered from 0 inches (June 95) 66 inches as measured in September 95. Root distribution will be studied in July 955 note any changes that may occur with a lower water table. Summary. Stabilizing the water table at a lower level increased the tal rooting area and the newly developed roots survived without peri odic destruction.. Lowering the water table from 0 70 inches doubled the quantity of feeder roots in four years and increased the size of the trees.. The feeder-root concentration in the deep-rooting zone (0-70") was greater than in the 0-0 inch zone and considerably higher than is usual for trees growing on deep, well drained sands.. When root distribution was above grams (expressed as dried feeder roots in a sq. ft. column) a visible increase in tree size could be noted. LITERATURE CITED. Ford, Harry W. 95. The effect of spreading decline on the root distribution of citrus. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 65: Ford, Harry W. 95. Unpublished data, Fla. Citrus Exp. Sta. SURVEY OF IRON DEFICIENCY IN FLORIDA CITRUS J. Richard Kuykendall* Florida Citrus Experiment Station Lake Alfred Iron deficiency is widespread in Florida cit rus, resulting in the well known yellowing or iron chlorosis pattern of the foliage. In recent years chelated iron has been used rather exten sively for the correction of this chlorosis. This has raised the question as the geographical and varietal distribution of iron deficiencies in citrus trees in the state. In order obtain some answers this question, a survey was made determine the relative leaf-iron con tent of various varieties of citrus in all of the major citrus growing areas of Florida. Leaf samples were collected from groves, representing all of the major commer cial varieties and all the major citrus growing districts of the state. One hundred and six teen of these groves are used in connection with the weekly insect and disease summary project of the Citrus Experiment Station. Rec ords are available on each of these groves, giving the location, rootsck, soil type, and fertilizer and spray applications for the past five years. The groves used for the insect and disease summary work were carefully selected Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Series, No. 05. * Now with Geigy Agricultural Chemicals, Research Laborary, Bayonne, N. J. The work reported was conducted while the author was a member of the Flor ida Citrus Experiment Station staff and was aided by a grant from the Geigy Chemical Corporation. as being representative of the particular vari ety in the particular location. Sampling The leaf sample taken from each grove in cluded a random selection of 0 non-chlorotic leaves, summer flush 95, from each of the 5 trees, making a tal sample of 00 leaves. The leaves were from 5 6 months old at the time of sampling. Iron determinations and chlorophyll extractions were made on each sample of leaf material. No correlation could be established between iron and chlorophyll in these samples of green leaves and only the iron analysis will be presented in this paper. Iron Analysis All leaf samples be used for iron determi nations were washed by scrubbing with a soft nylon brush in a detergent solution, rinsed once in tap water and twice in deionized water. Washed leaves were dried in a forced air drier at 70 C. for 8 hours or longer, and then ground in a stainless steel Wiley mill, and sred in airtight glass jars. Dried leaf tissue was digested in 00 ml. volumetric flasks, using.00 gram samples and ml. of a 5: nitric-perchloric acid mix. Fol lowing digestion the solutions were allowed cool room temperature, then made up volume with deionized water. Solutions were then thoroughly mixed and allowed stand overnight allow the silica residue settle out on the botm of the flasks. Aliquots for iron determinations were taken from the p of

2 FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 95 Location of Groves Sampled for Leof iron Survey Leaf Iron Content - Below 60 ppm - lew ppm- Medium Above 90 ppm- High Fig.. Location of Groves Sampled for Leaf-Iron Survey.

3 KUYKENDALL: IRON DEFICIENCY 5 the solutions in such a way as not disturb the silica residue. Iron determinations were made using the ortho-phenanthroline proce dure. Results In order evaluate the data obtained from this survey, it was necessary establish cer tain leaf iron standards. Preliminary studies at the Citrus Experiment Station had estab lished that citrus leaves containing below 60 of iron may be chlorotic on trees growing on acid soil. On this basis the survey data was divided in three categories; below 60 of iron was considered as being low, between 60 and 90 of iron as medium, and any values above 90 iron were classified as high. A map showing the locations of the various groves and their relative leaf iron con tent (low, medium or high) is presented as Fig., and the data for iron analysis are in Tables, and. When all the information was evaluated, the mean leaf-iron content for all varieties in Efftct Table of Location and Rootack on leaf Iron Content of Citrus All varieties in all locations t All varieties: Axsft Upper East Coast Ridg Vest Coast All varieties in all locations: Rough leaon Number of Groves Iron Content D~ Range of leaf iron content vu from Fe. all locations was found be 66.6 (Table ). Fifty of the groves, or 0.7 percent, had a leaf-iron content below 60 pprn. (Table ). This suggests that a much larger number of groves than was originally thought may have iron deficiency. In many of these in stances, iron chlorosis patterns may appear only at certain times of the year, such as dur ing growth flush periods. However, even in these cases the lack of sufficient iron could be one of the limiting facrs in the amount of growth produced. Trees containing the highest amount of iron were found in the, and districts, while trees from the In dian River and districts contained the least (Table ). The district trees contained on the average.5 more iron than those from the district The low values for trees in the and Upper East Coast areas was anticipated be cause of the calcareous nature of the soils on which the trees grow. In general, iron is not readily taken up by trees growing on calcare ous soils. There are, however, some indica tions from other work which is being done at the Citrus Experiment Station that citrus trees growing on these soils may have a lower iron requirement than trees growing on acid soils. Separation of the data according rootscks (Table ) shows that on the average, trees on rough lemon rootscks tended have higher leaf iron values than trees on sour orange rootscks. This was anticipated be cause of the more vigorous growth of trees on rough lemon rootsck, and because many of the groves on sour orange rootsck are on cal careous soil. The effect of rootsck on leaf iron content may be partially responsible for the very low iron values of groves in the In dian River (average 5. Fe) and Up per East Coast (average 60. Fe), where 5 out of 8 groves, or 8 percent, were on sour orange rootsck. This is contrasted with the data for the district (average 7.6 Fe) where out of 5 groves, or 96 percent, were on rough lemon sck. A separation of the data according varie ties (Table ) indicates a possible difference between varieties in their ability take up, sre and utilize iron. Valencia orange trees had the highest average iron content (7.6 ), with leaf iron values for Hamlin (66.8 ), and Parson Brown (65.6 ) trees being near the average for all varieties, and leaves of Pineapple orange trees being quite

4 6 Table Effect of Varieties on the Iron Content of Citrus Leaves Variety Area Number of Groves Iron Rootsck Number of Groves on Rootsck Iron (Rootsck) Valencia orange Upper East Coast 9 5 7, Ave U Hamlin orange , Ave. 66* Parson Brown orange J Ave Pineapple orange Upper East Coast Ave Duncan grapefruit J> * Ave Marsh grapefruit _ Ave Pink grapefruit (all varieties) AH locations 8 Ave Temple orange ««Ave..8 Dancy tangerine M " Ave. 6.9 Miscellaneous oranges n " 5 Ave. 6.

5 KUYKENDALL: IRON DEFICIENCY 7 low in iron, (59. ). The iron content of the other varieties of citrus was near or slightly higher than the over-all average, with the exception of the very low average for Temple oranges (.8 Fe). Summary A survey was made determine the iron content of citrus leaves from groves through out Florida. Leaf samples were collected from groves in counties, representing all of the major citrus growing areas. The mean leaf iron content for all varieties in all locations was found be 66.6 Fifty of the groves, or percent, had a leaf iron content below 60 Sixty-four groves on rough lemon rootsck (all varieties in all lo cations) had a mean leaf iron content of 70, while 5 groves on sour orange rootsck had a mean leaf iron content of 6 Pineapple orange groves (59 iron) and groves of Temple orange ( iron) and Dancy tangerines (6 iron) were low in leaf iron content compared with the state Table Range in Iron Content of Leaves of Various Varieties of Citrus in All Major Citrus Growing Areas of Florida Percent of tal number of groves with leaf iron content falling ^i l f o^-owittff r^nffes. Variety Fe Below Above 90 Below 60 All varieties () (7).9 (D 5. (5) 0. (0) 6. (). (). (50) 0.7 Valencia (5) 7.6 (5). (6) 7. (7) 0.0 (5). (5). (7) 0.0 (). Hamlin (0) () 5.0 (6) 0.0 () 0.0 () 0.0 () (9) 5.0 Parson Brown (n) 65.6 () 9. () () 7. () 6. Pineapple (5) 59. () 6.7 (9) 60.0 () 0.0 () 6.7 () 6.7 (0) 67.0 Duncan (0) 66.6 () () () 0.0 Marsh () () () (). Numbers in brackets are number of groves with leaf iron content falling within each range* Includes varieties in addition the six listed.

6 8 FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 95 average for all varieties in all locations. All of the other varieties on the average had a leaf iron content which was very close or above Upper East Coast and districts in general were below the state average. The low values for the and Upper the over-all state average of 66.6 Leaf East Coast areas were anticipated because of iron contents of groves in the, the alkaline nature of the soils in those areas. THE EFFECT OF LEAD ARSENATE SPRAYS ON QUALITY AND MATURITY OF RUBY RED GRAPEFRUIT E. J. Deszyck and J. W. Sites Florida Citrus Experiment Station Lake Alfred Since Ruby Red grapefruit is grown for the fresh fruit market, it is desirable know the seasonal changes in internal quality as related maturity. Fruit quality of grapefruit is in fluenced by acidity, soluble solids, ratio of solids acid, juice.content, and other facrs. These facrs form the basis for the legal ma turity standards defined by the Florida Citrus Code of 99. Very little is known about the seasonal changes in quality of Ruby Red grapefruit () although such information is available for Marsh and Duncan varieties (). In these white varieties, the solids content, ratio, and juice increase with maturity within certain limits, but the acidity and vitamin C gradually diminish as the season advances. In Florida, grapefruit trees sprayed with moderate amounts of lead arsenate (7) pro duce fruit of early legal maturity. Low amounts applied trees produce sweeter and more palatable grapefruit of high quality dur ing the remainder of the fruit season (6). Ar senic reduces the acid content of grapefruit by an unknown physiological process, thereby increases the ratio, and may advance legal maturity by as much as four months (). Variations in ratio between the unsprayed and sprayed fruit is generally small in the imma ture fruit, and large in the mature fruit- late in the season. For practical purposes, spray ing Marsh or Duncan grapefruit with lead arsenate does not influence the content of juice, vitamin C, or soluble solids in the fruit. Grapefruit sprayed with high concentrations of lead arsenate usually attains a slightly earlier maturity than fruit sprayed with mod- Florida Agricultural Series, No. 7. Experiment Station Journal erate amounts; however, the increase in the ratio is not proportional the rate in the spray. For example, a high rate of lead arse nate ( lb. per 00 gal.) applied Marsh grapefruit () increased the ratio approxi mately percent above that of the moderate rate. High rates not only cost more but there is also the possibility of tree injury and gum ming of the fruit, as a result of o much arsenic. From the standpoint of attainment of early maturity of grapefruit, a single spray of the moderate rate applied postbloom, or at any time before the average fruit diameter is ap proximately J inches (7,8) is usually most effective. Spraying grapefruit at any other time may not result in early maturity. Some growers believe that trees sprayed shortly be fore harvest produce mature fruit earlier, al though there is no evidence this effect. The purpose of this paper is show the seasonal changes in Ruby Red grapefruit qual ity with maturity. Although it is known that lead arsenate sprays hasten maturity, it is not known what extent various concentrations influence maturity and quality of the red grapefruit. Results of the past three seasons show that Ruby Red grapefruit is very re sponsive arsenic sprays, and that a lead arsenate spray at 0.8 lb./loo gal. was highly satisfacry in the production of early passing legal maturity ratios in the juice. Experimental A lead arsenate spray experiment was con ducted during 95-5, 95-5, and 95-5 on eight- ten-year-old Ruby Red grapefruit trees growing on sour orange rootsck in a commercial grove on Lakeland sand. The grove received complete fertilizer, cultural treatments, and the regular sprays with the exception of lead arsenate. Spray treatments

BLOSSOM-END CLEARING OF GRAPEFRUIT1

BLOSSOM-END CLEARING OF GRAPEFRUIT1 258 FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1966 TABLE k. Comparison between method of separation and stage of maturity on ph of shelled southern peas. Method of Separation Stage of Matur ity Separation Mean

More information

FOR GRADING FLORIDA SWEET CORN

FOR GRADING FLORIDA SWEET CORN FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY,. Geraldson, C. M.. Growing tomatoes and cu cumbers with high analysis fertilizer and plastic mulch. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 7:-.. Overman, A. J.. Nematodes associated

More information

SILVER CLUSTER GRAPEFRUIT DURING MATURATION1

SILVER CLUSTER GRAPEFRUIT DURING MATURATION1 274 FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1964 components (5). Again, it was the yield of pectin, similar to that found in Valencia orange (5), and not the jelly which increased the jelly in the peel above

More information

Influence of Cultivar and Planting Date on Strawberry Growth and Development in the Low Desert

Influence of Cultivar and Planting Date on Strawberry Growth and Development in the Low Desert Influence of Cultivar and Planting Date on Strawberry Growth and Development in the Low Desert Michael A. Maurer and Kai Umeda Abstract A field study was designed to determine the effects of cultivar and

More information

ARSENIC SPRAYS ON GRAPEFRUIT IN RELATION

ARSENIC SPRAYS ON GRAPEFRUIT IN RELATION REITZ: ARSENIC SPRAYS ON GRAPEFRUIT 49 vented them from declining. In one instance, a soil treatment with a mixture of parathion and benzene hexachloride in water gave a signifi cant reduction of 50 percent

More information

Irradiation of seeds of Pineapple orange resulted in the generation of a mutant,

Irradiation of seeds of Pineapple orange resulted in the generation of a mutant, SEEDLESS PINEAPPLE ORANGES 4 5 7 8 9 0 Irradiation of seeds of Pineapple orange resulted in the generation of a mutant, initially identified as USDA -0-0, with reduced seed count. Horticultural characteristics

More information

7. LOCALIZATION OF FRUIT ON THE TREE, BRANCH GIRDLING AND FRUIT THINNING

7. LOCALIZATION OF FRUIT ON THE TREE, BRANCH GIRDLING AND FRUIT THINNING The Division of Subtropical Agriculture. The Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research 1960-1969. Section B. Avocado. Pg 60-68. 7. LOCALIZATION OF FRUIT ON THE TREE, BRANCH GIRDLING AND FRUIT THINNING

More information

A new approach to understand and control bitter pit in apple

A new approach to understand and control bitter pit in apple FINAL PROJECT REPORT WTFRC Project Number: AP-07-707 Project Title: PI: Organization: A new approach to understand and control bitter pit in apple Elizabeth Mitcham University of California Telephone/email:

More information

EFFECT OF CALCIUM SALTS ON THE FIRMNESS OF

EFFECT OF CALCIUM SALTS ON THE FIRMNESS OF 326 FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1966 Table 1. Naringin in grapefruit rind (Percent of fresh weight extracted by two methods) 3 hours; the filtrate is diluted color de veloped measured. LITERATURE

More information

CITRUS HARVEST RESULTS WITH THE AIR SHAKER

CITRUS HARVEST RESULTS WITH THE AIR SHAKER 0 FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1972 CITRUS HARVEST RESULTS WITH THE AIR SHAKER CONCEPT J. D. Whitney I FAS Agricultural Research and Education Center Lake Alfred Abstract. In 1969 and 1970, harvest

More information

2006 Strawberry Variety Research Fresno County

2006 Strawberry Variety Research Fresno County 2006 Strawberry Variety Research Fresno County Richard H. Molinar and Michael Yang UC Cooperative Extension Fresno County A field research trial was established in a grower s field in August of 2005 to

More information

ALBINISM AND ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF AVOCADO SEEDLINGS 1

ALBINISM AND ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF AVOCADO SEEDLINGS 1 California Avocado Society 1956 Yearbook 40: 156-164 ALBINISM AND ABNORMAL DEVELOPMENT OF AVOCADO SEEDLINGS 1 J. M. Wallace and R. J. Drake J. M. Wallace Is Pathologist and R. J. Drake is Principle Laboratory

More information

Retailing Frozen Foods

Retailing Frozen Foods 61 Retailing Frozen Foods G. B. Davis Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State College Corvallis Circular of Information 562 September 1956 iling Frozen Foods in Portland, Oregon G. B. DAVIS, Associate

More information

Mischa Bassett F&N 453. Individual Project. Effect of Various Butters on the Physical Properties of Biscuits. November 20, 2006

Mischa Bassett F&N 453. Individual Project. Effect of Various Butters on the Physical Properties of Biscuits. November 20, 2006 Mischa Bassett F&N 453 Individual Project Effect of Various Butters on the Physical Properties of Biscuits November 2, 26 2 Title Effect of various butters on the physical properties of biscuits Abstract

More information

THE EFFECT OF ETHYLENE UPON RIPENING AND RESPIRATORY RATE OF AVOCADO FRUIT

THE EFFECT OF ETHYLENE UPON RIPENING AND RESPIRATORY RATE OF AVOCADO FRUIT California Avocado Society 1966 Yearbook 50: 128-133 THE EFFECT OF ETHYLENE UPON RIPENING AND RESPIRATORY RATE OF AVOCADO FRUIT Irving L. Eaks University of California, Riverside Avocado fruits will not

More information

FRUIT GROWTH IN THE ORIENTAL PERSIMMON

FRUIT GROWTH IN THE ORIENTAL PERSIMMON California Avocado Society 1960 Yearbook 44: 130-133 FRUIT GROWTH IN THE ORIENTAL PERSIMMON C. A. Schroeder Associated Professor of Subtropical Horticulture, University of California at Los Angeles. The

More information

Effects of Preharvest Sprays of Maleic Hydrazide on Sugar Beets

Effects of Preharvest Sprays of Maleic Hydrazide on Sugar Beets Effects of Preharvest Sprays of Maleic Hydrazide on Sugar Beets F. H. PETO 1 W. G. SMITH 2 AND F. R. LOW 3 A study of 20 years results from the Canadian Sugar Factories at Raymond, Alberta, (l) 4 shows

More information

Dd-#eluhgo S g. -ie lo : 3 Apg 1. Meaemet I-, Agcf~r. 0 - ~ tio AtSr * 0res. ;# I- en, s Ous.: e a S u lsi a a

Dd-#eluhgo S g. -ie lo : 3 Apg 1. Meaemet I-, Agcf~r. 0 - ~ tio AtSr * 0res. ;# I- en, s Ous.: e a S u lsi a a Dd-#eluhgo S g s. Meaemet I-, -ie lo : 3 Apg 1 Agcf~r. 0 - ~ tio AtSr * 0res ;# I- en, s Ous.: e a S u lsi a a NEW BERMUDAGRASS VARIETIES IN ALABAMA C. S. Hoveland and R. F. McCormick, Jr., Agronomy &

More information

PROCESSING TOMATO VARIETY TRIAL SUMMARY

PROCESSING TOMATO VARIETY TRIAL SUMMARY PROCESSING TOMATO VARIETY TRIAL SUMMARY - 2005 Stephen A. Garrison, 2 Thomas J. Orton, 3 Fred Waibel 4 and June F. Sudal 5 Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey 2 Northville Road, Bridgeton, NJ

More information

FRESH CITRUS FRUIT1 THIABENDAZOLE, AN EXPERIMENTAL FUNGICIDE FOR. cally, TBZ is 2-(4'thiazolyl)-benzimiadole (1).

FRESH CITRUS FRUIT1 THIABENDAZOLE, AN EXPERIMENTAL FUNGICIDE FOR. cally, TBZ is 2-(4'thiazolyl)-benzimiadole (1). 232 FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1967 THIABENDAZOLE, AN EXPERIMENTAL FUNGICIDE FOR FRESH CITRUS FRUIT1 A. A. McCornack and G. Eldon Brown Florida Citrus Commission University of Florida Citrus

More information

CULTURAL STUDIES ON CUCUMBERS FOR PROCESSING 1979 and 1980 Dale W. Kretchman» Mark A. Jameson» Charles C. Willer and Demetrio G. Ortega» Jr.

CULTURAL STUDIES ON CUCUMBERS FOR PROCESSING 1979 and 1980 Dale W. Kretchman» Mark A. Jameson» Charles C. Willer and Demetrio G. Ortega» Jr. Horticulture Series No. 501 June 1981 I \ CULTURAL STUDIES ON CUCUMBERS FOR PROCESSING 1979 and 1980 Dale W. Kretchman» Mark A. Jameson» Charles C. Willer and Demetrio G. Ortega» Jr. o. NOv 2 c: 1../.

More information

SUMMER AVOCADO VARIETIES

SUMMER AVOCADO VARIETIES Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 75:358-360. 1962. SUMMER AVOCADO VARIETIES John Popenoe Sub-Tropical Experiment Station, Homestead The avocado season in Florida begins in June and extends through the fall

More information

AIR-BLAST SPRAYER IN THE APPLICATION OF A CITRUS

AIR-BLAST SPRAYER IN THE APPLICATION OF A CITRUS BROOKS: HELICOPTER VS. AIR BLAST SPRAYERS 69 5. Suit, R. F., and A. W. Feldman. 96. Treatment of citrus trees with Cynem for control of Radopholus similis. Plant Dis. Reptr. 45: 782-786. 6. Tarjan, A.

More information

HANDLING OF SNAP BEANS, SWEET CORN

HANDLING OF SNAP BEANS, SWEET CORN SHOWALTER: MECHANIZED HARVESTING 20 Serious losses may occur due to infections through minute skin breaks caused by sand scar ring, as well as other factors. Bacteria and fungi are present on the fruits

More information

Flowering and Fruiting Morphology of Hardy Kiwifruit, Actinidia arguta

Flowering and Fruiting Morphology of Hardy Kiwifruit, Actinidia arguta Flowering and Fruiting Morphology of Hardy Kiwifruit, Actinidia arguta Chantalak Tiyayon and Bernadine Strik Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University 4017 ALS, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Email:

More information

IMPROVING THE PROCEDURE FOR NUTRIENT SAMPLING IN STONE FRUIT TREES

IMPROVING THE PROCEDURE FOR NUTRIENT SAMPLING IN STONE FRUIT TREES IMPROVING THE PROCEDURE FOR NUTRIENT SAMPLING IN STONE FRUIT TREES PROJECT LEADER R. Scott Johnson U.C. Kearney Agricultural Center 9240 S. Riverbend Avenue Parlier, CA 9364 (559) 646-6547, FAX (559) 646-6593

More information

Midwest Cantaloupe Variety Trial in Southwest Indiana 2015

Midwest Cantaloupe Variety Trial in Southwest Indiana 2015 Midwest Cantaloupe Variety Trial in Southwest Indiana 2015 Wenjing Guan, Daniel S. Egel, and Dennis Nowaskie Southwest Purdue Agriculture Center, Vincennes, IN, 47591 Introduction Cantaloupe is one of

More information

Effects of calcium sprays and AVG on fruit quality at harvest and after storage

Effects of calcium sprays and AVG on fruit quality at harvest and after storage Effects of calcium sprays and AVG on fruit quality at harvest and after storage Principal Investigators Chuck Ingels and Beth Mitcham/Bill Biasi Collaborators Thom Wiseman and Michelle Leinfelder-Miles

More information

Appendices. Section. Food Buying Guide for Child Nu tri tion Pro grams A P P E N D I C E S

Appendices. Section. Food Buying Guide for Child Nu tri tion Pro grams A P P E N D I C E S Section 6 Food Buying Guide for Child Nu tri tion Pro grams Appendices A P P E N D I C E S Appendix A: Recipe Analysis Appendix B: Using Column 6 for Recipe Analysis Appendix C: The USDA Child Nutrition

More information

Macro nutrient accumulation and requirement of Hass avocado trees

Macro nutrient accumulation and requirement of Hass avocado trees South African Avocado Growers Association Yearbook 2000. 23:56-62 Macro nutrient accumulation and requirement of Hass avocado trees B Snijder and PJC Stassen Institute for Tropical and Subtropical Crops,

More information

Testing Tomato Hybrids for Heat Tolerance at West Tennessee Experiment Station, Jim E. Wyatt and Craig H. Canaday. Interpretative Summary

Testing Tomato Hybrids for Heat Tolerance at West Tennessee Experiment Station, Jim E. Wyatt and Craig H. Canaday. Interpretative Summary Testing Tomato Hybrids for Heat Tolerance at West Tennessee Experiment Station, 2000 Jim E. Wyatt and Craig H. Canaday Interpretative Summary The highest yielding early tomato hybrid in both spring and

More information

Progress Report on Avocado Breeding

Progress Report on Avocado Breeding California Avocado Society 1942 Yearbook 27: 36-41 Progress Report on Avocado Breeding W. E. Lammerts Division of Horticulture, University of California, Los Angeles INTRODUCTION It is by now well known

More information

Buying Filberts On a Sample Basis

Buying Filberts On a Sample Basis E 55 m ^7q Buying Filberts On a Sample Basis Special Report 279 September 1969 Cooperative Extension Service c, 789/0 ite IP") 0, i mi 1910 S R e, `g,,ttsoliktill:torvti EARs srin ITQ, E,6

More information

SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF DEFICIENCIES AND TOXICITIES OF CITRUS

SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF DEFICIENCIES AND TOXICITIES OF CITRUS FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 145 SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF DEFICIENCIES AND TOXICITIES OF CITRUS The ability to recognize the symptoms of de ficiencies and toxicities as they present themselves in citrus

More information

Temperature Regimes for Avocados Grown In Kwazulu-Natal

Temperature Regimes for Avocados Grown In Kwazulu-Natal South African Avocado Growers Association Yearbook 1996. 19:113-115 Temperature Regimes for Avocados Grown In Kwazulu-Natal C.C. Mans Haffenden Groves, Private Bag X11154, Schagen 1207 ABSTRACT This was

More information

United States Patent (19) Adams et al.

United States Patent (19) Adams et al. United States Patent (19) Adams et al. (11 Patent Number: (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 19, 1991 54 PROCESS FOR ENZYME PEELING OF FRESH CITRUS FRUIT 75) Inventors: Bruce Adams, Pomona; William Kirk, Alta Loma,

More information

Experiment 3: Separation of a Mixture Pre-lab Exercise

Experiment 3: Separation of a Mixture Pre-lab Exercise 1 Experiment 3: Separation of a Mixture Pre-lab Exercise Name: The amounts of sand, salt, and benzoic acid that will dissolve in 100 g of water at different temperatures: Temperature 0 C 20 C 40 C 60 C

More information

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CUTICLE WAX AND OIL IN AVOCADOS

CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CUTICLE WAX AND OIL IN AVOCADOS California Avocado Society 1966 Yearbook 50: 121-127 CORRELATIONS BETWEEN CUTICLE WAX AND OIL IN AVOCADOS Louis C. Erickson and Gerald G. Porter Cuticle wax, or bloom, is the waxy material which may be

More information

RESEARCH ON AVOCADO PROCESSING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS

RESEARCH ON AVOCADO PROCESSING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS California Avocado Society 1970-71 Yearbook 54: 79-84 RESEARCH ON AVOCADO PROCESSING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS Lloyd M. Smith Professor Food Science and Technology, U.C. Davis Frank H. Winter

More information

BEEF Effect of processing conditions on nutrient disappearance of cold-pressed and hexane-extracted camelina and carinata meals in vitro 1

BEEF Effect of processing conditions on nutrient disappearance of cold-pressed and hexane-extracted camelina and carinata meals in vitro 1 BEEF 2015-05 Effect of processing conditions on nutrient disappearance of cold-pressed and hexane-extracted camelina and carinata meals in vitro 1 A. Sackey 2, E. E. Grings 2, D. W. Brake 2 and K. Muthukumarappan

More information

Grapevine Mineral Nutrition

Grapevine Mineral Nutrition Grapevine Mineral Nutrition Peter Christensen Viticulture Specialist, Emeritus Department of Viticulture and Enology University of California, Davis UC Kearney Agricultural Center Parlier, CA Vineyard

More information

OF THE VARIOUS DECIDUOUS and

OF THE VARIOUS DECIDUOUS and (9) PLAXICO, JAMES S. 1955. PROBLEMS OF FACTOR-PRODUCT AGGRE- GATION IN COBB-DOUGLAS VALUE PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS. JOUR. FARM ECON. 37: 644-675, ILLUS. (10) SCHICKELE, RAINER. 1941. EFFECT OF TENURE SYSTEMS

More information

TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS AND TOLERANCE OF AVOCADO FRUIT TISSUE

TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS AND TOLERANCE OF AVOCADO FRUIT TISSUE California Avocado Society 1961 Yearbook 45: 87-92 TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS AND TOLERANCE OF AVOCADO FRUIT TISSUE C. A. Schroeder and Ernest Kay Professor of Botany. University of California, Los Angeles;

More information

Further refinement of Pinkerton export parameters

Further refinement of Pinkerton export parameters South African Avocado Growers' Association Yearbook. 2002. 25:51-55 51 Further refinement of Pinkerton export parameters B Snijder, M G Penter, J M Mathumbu and F J Kruger ARC-Institute for Tropical and

More information

Performance of Fresh Market Snap Bean Cultivars, Plateau Experiment Station, Charles A. Mullins. Interpretative Summary

Performance of Fresh Market Snap Bean Cultivars, Plateau Experiment Station, Charles A. Mullins. Interpretative Summary Performance of Fresh Market Snap Bean Cultivars, Plateau Experiment Station, 2000 Charles A. Mullins Interpretative Summary Most cultivars performed reasonably well in the trial, and had widely varying

More information

Title: Evaluation of Apogee for Control of Runner Growth in Annual Plasticulture Strawberries

Title: Evaluation of Apogee for Control of Runner Growth in Annual Plasticulture Strawberries Title: Evaluation of Apogee for Control of Runner Growth in Annual Plasticulture Strawberries Report Type: X Progress Final Grant Code: SRSFC Project # 2009-19 Proposal Category: X Research Outreach Principle

More information

Peanut Meal as a Protein. Fattening Hogs in the Dry Lot. Supplement to Corn for AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

Peanut Meal as a Protein. Fattening Hogs in the Dry Lot. Supplement to Corn for AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE BULLETIN No. 224 AUGUST, 1924 Peanut Meal as a Protein Supplement to Corn for Fattening Hogs in the Dry Lot By J. C. GRIMES AND W. D. SALMON AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION of the ALABAMA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE

More information

Southwest Indiana Muskmelon Variety Trial 2013

Southwest Indiana Muskmelon Variety Trial 2013 Southwest Indiana Muskmelon Trial 2013 Shubin K. Saha 1 and Larry Sutterer 2 1 Vegetable Extension Specialist, Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546 2 Agriculture Technician,

More information

WALNUT HEDGEROW PRUNING AND TRAINING TRIAL 2010

WALNUT HEDGEROW PRUNING AND TRAINING TRIAL 2010 WALNUT HEDGEROW PRUNING AND TRAINING TRIAL 2010 Carolyn DeBuse, John Edstrom, Janine Hasey, and Bruce Lampinen ABSTRACT Hedgerow walnut orchards have been studied since the 1970s as a high density system

More information

Lack of irrigation in 2002 reduced Riesling crop in Timothy E. Martinson Finger Lakes Grape Program

Lack of irrigation in 2002 reduced Riesling crop in Timothy E. Martinson Finger Lakes Grape Program Lack of irrigation in 2002 reduced Riesling crop in 2003 Timothy E. Martinson Finger Lakes Grape Program Lailiang Cheng, Alan Lakso, Thomas Henick-Kling and Terry Acree Depts. Horticulture Ithaca, Horticultural

More information

THE EFFECT OF GIRDLING ON FRUIT QUALITY, PHENOLOGY AND MINERAL ANALYSIS OF THE AVOCADO TREE

THE EFFECT OF GIRDLING ON FRUIT QUALITY, PHENOLOGY AND MINERAL ANALYSIS OF THE AVOCADO TREE California Avocado Society 1971-72 Yearbook 55: 162-169 THE EFFECT OF GIRDLING ON FRUIT QUALITY, PHENOLOGY AND MINERAL ANALYSIS OF THE AVOCADO TREE E. Lahav Division of Subtropical Horticulture, The Volcani

More information

SELF-POLLINATED HASS SEEDLINGS

SELF-POLLINATED HASS SEEDLINGS California Avocado Society 1973 Yearbook 57: 118-126 SELF-POLLINATED HASS SEEDLINGS B. O. Bergh and R. H. Whitsell Plant Sciences Dept., University of California, Riverside The 'Hass' is gradually replacing

More information

THE PRESENT STATUS OF ROUGH LEMON ROOTSTOCK

THE PRESENT STATUS OF ROUGH LEMON ROOTSTOCK FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 75 THE PRESENT STATUS OF ROUGH LEMON ROOTSTOCK By A. F. CAMP, Horticulturist in Charge, Citrus Experiment Station, Lake Alfred, Florida Rough lemon rootstock, which,

More information

Arnold Schumann, Laura Waldo, Tim Ebert, Danny Holmes, Napoleon Mariner & Gary Test. CREC, UF/IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL

Arnold Schumann, Laura Waldo, Tim Ebert, Danny Holmes, Napoleon Mariner & Gary Test. CREC, UF/IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL Arnold Schumann, Laura Waldo, Tim Ebert, Danny Holmes, Napoleon Mariner & Gary Test CREC, UF/IFAS, Lake Alfred, FL INTRODUCTION The CUPS idea was developed in ~2011/12 (with Tim Spann, Chris Oswalt + Barrett

More information

Evaluation of Jalapeno, Big Chili, Poblano, and Serrano Chili Pepper Cultivars in Central Missouri

Evaluation of Jalapeno, Big Chili, Poblano, and Serrano Chili Pepper Cultivars in Central Missouri Evaluation of Jalapeno, Big Chili, Poblano, and Serrano Chili Pepper Cultivars in Central Missouri Steven Kirk, Catherin Bohnert, and David Johnson Lincoln University Cooperative Extension-Commercial Vegetable

More information

EVALUATION OF FUNGICIDES FOR CONTROL OF ALTERNARIA BROWN SPOT AND

EVALUATION OF FUNGICIDES FOR CONTROL OF ALTERNARIA BROWN SPOT AND Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 110:71-76. 1997. EVALUATION OF FUNGICIDES FOR CONTROL OF ALTERNARIA BROWN SPOT AND CITRUS SCAB L. W. TlMMER AND S. E. ZlTKO University of Florida, IFAS Citrus Research and Education

More information

Effects of Seedling Age, and Different Levels of N, K and K/N on Quality and Yield of Tomato Grown in Perlite Bag Culture

Effects of Seedling Age, and Different Levels of N, K and K/N on Quality and Yield of Tomato Grown in Perlite Bag Culture Effects of Seedling Age, and Different Levels of N, K and K/N on Quality and Yield of Tomato Grown in Perlite Bag Culture Sureyya ALTINTAS*, Servet VARIS, Ömer KESKIN, İbrahim KURU Namık Kemal University,

More information

E. H. Talton, DeLand. important a subject. Not only is the. is a small word, rather an insignificant. I hardly know where to begin on so

E. H. Talton, DeLand. important a subject. Not only is the. is a small word, rather an insignificant. I hardly know where to begin on so Citrus Fruit Quality E. H. Talton, DeLand I hardly know where to begin on so important a subject. Not only is the word quality important to the citrus grower, but it reaches out and into all the important

More information

TOPIC No - 5 DENSITY OF POPULATION IN SINDHUDURG DISTRICT TABLE NO. 5.1 SINDHUDURG DISTRICT

TOPIC No - 5 DENSITY OF POPULATION IN SINDHUDURG DISTRICT TABLE NO. 5.1 SINDHUDURG DISTRICT TOPIC No - 5 DENSITY OF POPULATION IN SINDHUDURG DISTRICT Geographers by way of manipulation the numerator have devised various types of densities having a varying degree of utility in different situations.

More information

BRIX AND ACID DETERMINATIONS. E. Echeverria. University of Florida, IFAS Citrus Research and Education Center Lake.Alfred

BRIX AND ACID DETERMINATIONS. E. Echeverria. University of Florida, IFAS Citrus Research and Education Center Lake.Alfred 6 BRIX AND ACID DETERMINATIONS E. Echeverria University of Florida, IFAS Citrus Research and Education Center Lake.Alfred 66 BRIX AND ACID DETERMINATIONS Certain plant organs accumulate large amounts of

More information

NE-1020 Cold Hardy Wine Grape Cultivar Trial

NE-1020 Cold Hardy Wine Grape Cultivar Trial Iowa State Research Farm Progress Reports 2014 NE-1020 Cold Hardy Wine Grape Cultivar Trial Paul A. Domoto Iowa State University, domoto@iastate.edu Gail R. Nonnecke Iowa State University, nonnecke@iastate.edu

More information

A Study of the Ash Constituents of Apple Fruits During the Growing Season

A Study of the Ash Constituents of Apple Fruits During the Growing Season BULLETIN 61 FEBRUARY, 3 A Study of the Ash Constituents of Apple Fruits During the Growing Season E. F. Hopkins and J. H. Gourley OHIO AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Wooster, Ohio 1 3 This page intentionally

More information

MSU Extension Publication Archive. Scroll down to view the publication.

MSU Extension Publication Archive. Scroll down to view the publication. MSU Extension Publication Archive Archive copy of publication, do not use for current recommendations. Up-to-date information about many topics can be obtained from your local Extension office. Spraying

More information

Results from the 2012 Berry Pricing Survey. Science Bldg., Ithaca, NY 14853

Results from the 2012 Berry Pricing Survey. Science Bldg., Ithaca, NY 14853 Results from the 2012 Berry Pricing Survey Marvin Pritts 1 and Cathy Heidenreich 2 1 Professor and Chair, and 2 Berry Extension Support Specialist, Cornell University CALS, Dept. of Horticulture, 134A

More information

A Note on Avocado Culture in New Zealand

A Note on Avocado Culture in New Zealand California Avocado Society 1947 Yearbook 32: 108-111 A Note on Avocado Culture in New Zealand Lai-Yung Li* and C. E. Woodhead Plant Diseases Division, Plant Research Bureau, Department of Scientific and

More information

Influence of GA 3 Sizing Sprays on Ruby Seedless

Influence of GA 3 Sizing Sprays on Ruby Seedless University of California Tulare County Cooperative Extension Influence of GA 3 Sizing Sprays on Ruby Seedless Pub. TB8-97 Introduction: The majority of Ruby Seedless table grapes grown and marketed over

More information

Harvest Aids in Soybeans - Application Timing and Value. J.L. Griffin, C.A. Jones, L.M. Etheredge, Jr., J. Boudreaux, and D.Y.

Harvest Aids in Soybeans - Application Timing and Value. J.L. Griffin, C.A. Jones, L.M. Etheredge, Jr., J. Boudreaux, and D.Y. Harvest Aids in Soybeans - Application Timing and Value J.L. Griffin, C.A. Jones, L.M. Etheredge, Jr., J. Boudreaux, and D.Y. Lanclos Need For Harvest Aids? Vines in Sugarcane Vines in Corn Desiccation

More information

SUPPLEMENTATION PROGRAMS FOR THE COW-CALF HERD

SUPPLEMENTATION PROGRAMS FOR THE COW-CALF HERD SUPPLEMENTATION PROGRAMS FOR THE COW-CALF HERD Findlay M. Pate Agricultural Research and Education Center University of Florida, Ona WHY SUPPLEMENT THE COW HERD? Although Florida winters are mild, grass

More information

Final Report. TITLE: Developing Methods for Use of Own-rooted Vitis vinifera Vines in Michigan Vineyards

Final Report. TITLE: Developing Methods for Use of Own-rooted Vitis vinifera Vines in Michigan Vineyards Final Report TITLE: Developing Methods for Use of Own-rooted Vitis vinifera Vines in Michigan Vineyards PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Thomas J. Zabadal OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine the ability to culture varieties

More information

Carrot Trial 2014 Elkus Test Garden

Carrot Trial 2014 Elkus Test Garden Carrot Trial 2014 Elkus Test Garden Charlene Landreau, MG 2006 Our Plan Four varieties of carrot (Daucus carota) were planted in April 2014 at Elkus Test Garden, climate zone 17. The goal of the carrot

More information

COMPARISON OF CORE AND PEEL SAMPLING METHODS FOR DRY MATTER MEASUREMENT IN HASS AVOCADO FRUIT

COMPARISON OF CORE AND PEEL SAMPLING METHODS FOR DRY MATTER MEASUREMENT IN HASS AVOCADO FRUIT New Zealand Avocado Growers' Association Annual Research Report 2004. 4:36 46. COMPARISON OF CORE AND PEEL SAMPLING METHODS FOR DRY MATTER MEASUREMENT IN HASS AVOCADO FRUIT J. MANDEMAKER H. A. PAK T. A.

More information

NIMITZ NEMATICIDE FIELD TRIALS

NIMITZ NEMATICIDE FIELD TRIALS 0 2015 REPORT ON RESEARCH NIMITZ NEMATICIDE FIELD TRIALS Kiwi-1 Ranch, Poplar, CA Kiwi-3 Ranch, Earlimart, CA Abstract Two randomized complete block field trials were conducted at Kiwi-1 Ranch, Poplar,

More information

18 PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CARBOHYDRATE PARTITIONING IN CRANBERRY

18 PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CARBOHYDRATE PARTITIONING IN CRANBERRY 18 PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CARBOHYDRATE PARTITIONING IN CRANBERRY Teryl R. Roper, Marianna Hagidimitriou and John Klueh Department of Horticulture University of Wisconsin-Madison Yield per area in cranberry

More information

D Lemmer and FJ Kruger

D Lemmer and FJ Kruger D Lemmer and FJ Kruger Lowveld Postharvest Services, PO Box 4001, Nelspruit 1200, SOUTH AFRICA E-mail: fjkruger58@gmail.com ABSTRACT This project aims to develop suitable storage and ripening regimes for

More information

HISTORY USES AND HEALTH BENEFITS. Figure 31. Nanking cherries

HISTORY USES AND HEALTH BENEFITS. Figure 31. Nanking cherries nanking cherries Nanking cherries (Prunus tomentosa) are shrubs that grow from three feet up to ten feet tall with twigs that usually occupy an area twice as wide as the plant is tall. Up to 20 canes can

More information

Uptake and Utilization of Nitrogen Applied to Tea Plants

Uptake and Utilization of Nitrogen Applied to Tea Plants Uptake and Utilization of Nitrogen Applied to Tea Plants By TSUGUO HOSHINA Makurazaki Branch, National Research Institute of Tea (Beppu, Makurazaki, Kagoshima, 898 Japan) Tea produced in Japan is mostly

More information

The Separation of a Mixture into Pure Substances

The Separation of a Mixture into Pure Substances The Separation of a Mixture into Pure Substances The experiment is designed to familiarize you with some standard chemical techniques and to encourage careful work in separating and weighing chemicals.

More information

CITRUS CARE FOR THE LOW DESERT RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPE

CITRUS CARE FOR THE LOW DESERT RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPE CITRUS CARE FOR THE LOW DESERT RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPE CITRUS CARE FOR THE LOW DESERT RESIDENTIAL LANDSCAPE 1. Chose/Pick out the right tree. 2. Plant in the right place. 3. Plant correctly 4. Minimize pruning

More information

Research - Strawberry Nutrition

Research - Strawberry Nutrition Research - Strawberry Nutrition The Effect of Increased Nitrogen and Potassium Levels within the Sap of Strawberry Leaf Petioles on Overall Yield and Quality of Strawberry Fruit as Affected by Justification:

More information

Results and Discussion Eastern-type cantaloupe

Results and Discussion Eastern-type cantaloupe Muskmelon Variety Trial in Southwest Indiana 2016 Wenjing Guan, Daniel S. Egel and Dennis Nowaskie Southwest Purdue Agricultural Center, Vincennes, IN, 47591 Introduction Indiana ranks fifth in 2015 in

More information

Physiological Gradient in Avocado Fruit

Physiological Gradient in Avocado Fruit California Avocado Society 1985 Yearbook 69: 137-144 Physiological Gradient in Avocado Fruit C. A. Schroeder Deportment of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles. Studies on fruit maturity of avocado

More information

EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE AND CONTROLLED FRUITING ON COTTON YIELD

EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE AND CONTROLLED FRUITING ON COTTON YIELD Chapter 6 57 EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE AND CONTROLLED FRUITING ON COTTON YIELD Carl F. Ehlig USDA-ARS Brawley, California INTRODUCTION The fruit load is the primary cause for mid-season decreases in

More information

10. THE ROLE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT, GROWTH AND MATURATION OF THE FRUIT

10. THE ROLE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT, GROWTH AND MATURATION OF THE FRUIT The Division of Subtropical Agriculture. The Volcani Institute of Agricultural Research 1960-1969. Section B. Avocado. Pg 77-83. 10. THE ROLE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT, GROWTH AND MATURATION

More information

Objective: To examine Romaine lettuce varieties for resistance to yellow spot disorder

Objective: To examine Romaine lettuce varieties for resistance to yellow spot disorder 2004 Romaine Trial Evaluation for Yellow Spot and other Abiotic Disorders University of California Cooperative Extension, Monterey County and USDA Richard Smith, Vegetable Crop and Weed Science Farm Advisor

More information

Tomato Variety Observations 2009

Tomato Variety Observations 2009 Tomato Variety Observations 2009 Henry G. Taber, professor Department of Horticulture Introduction We continued our yearly evaluation of tomato varieties for commercial growers. Each year the major fruit

More information

STYLAR-END BREAKDOWN IN PERSIAN LIMES INFLUENCED

STYLAR-END BREAKDOWN IN PERSIAN LIMES INFLUENCED 344 FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1968 Figure 5. Sugar apple infested with a mealybug (Thailand). for introduced predaceous or parasitic species from similar areas. Uniform or constant tem peratures

More information

Non-Structural Carbohydrates in Forage Cultivars Troy Downing Oregon State University

Non-Structural Carbohydrates in Forage Cultivars Troy Downing Oregon State University Non-Structural Carbohydrates in Forage Cultivars Troy Downing Oregon State University Contact at: OSU Extension Service, Tillamook County, 2204 4 th St., Tillamook, OR 97141, 503-842-3433, Email, troy.downing@oregonstate.edu

More information

Silage Corn Variety Trial in Central Arizona

Silage Corn Variety Trial in Central Arizona Silage Corn Variety Trial in Central Arizona Jay Subramani 1 and Shawna Loper 2 1 Maricopa Ag Center, University of Arizona 2 University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, Pinal County Abstract Information

More information

HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION OF PROTOZOAN CULTURES.

HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION OF PROTOZOAN CULTURES. HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION OF PROTOZOAN CULTURES. JOSEPH HALL BODINE, ZOOLoGICAL LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. The chemical changes taking place in ordinary hay infusions used for protozoan cultures

More information

STABILITY OF CONCENTRATED ORANGE JUICES'

STABILITY OF CONCENTRATED ORANGE JUICES' 186 FLORIDA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 1958 developing fertilizer programs in groves having different potash requirements. Potassium levels of 0.8% and less were found associated with fruit drop and

More information

LAB: One Tube Reaction Part 1

LAB: One Tube Reaction Part 1 AP Chemistry LAB: One Tube Reaction Part 1 Objective: To monitor and document the chemical changes occurring in a single test tube containing a predetermined mixture of chemicals. Materials: test tube,

More information

Fruit Set, Growth and Development

Fruit Set, Growth and Development Fruit Set, Growth and Development Fruit set happens after pollination and fertilization, otherwise the flower or the fruit will drop. The flowering and fruit set efficiency could be measured by certain

More information

Title: Control of Wild Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in 'Jubilee' Sweet Corn in the Willamette Valley, 1987.

Title: Control of Wild Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in 'Jubilee' Sweet Corn in the Willamette Valley, 1987. Title: Control of Wild Proso Millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) in 'Jubilee' Sweet Corn in the Willamette Valley, 1987. Project Leaders: Dr. William S. Braunworth, Jr. Extension Horticulture Crops Weed Control

More information

Harvesting Charges for Florida Citrus, 2016/17

Harvesting Charges for Florida Citrus, 2016/17 Harvesting Charges for Florida Citrus, 2016/17 Ariel Singerman, Marina Burani-Arouca, Stephen H. Futch, Robert Ranieri 1 University of Florida, IFAS, CREC, Lake Alfred, FL This article summarizes the charges

More information

30 Years of Strawberries. Powell Smith, PhD Extension Associate Lexington, SC USA

30 Years of Strawberries. Powell Smith, PhD Extension Associate Lexington, SC USA 30 Years of Strawberries Powell Smith, PhD Extension Associate Lexington, SC USA Time Line Beginning Middle A New Beginning Clemson Extension Service Challenges Impure Benlate Anthracnose down South Grower

More information

COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2009/122/EC

COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2009/122/EC L 242/14 Official Journal of the European Union 15.9.2009 COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2009/122/EC of 14 September 2009 amending, for the purposes of its adaptation to technical progress, Annex II to Directive

More information

1. Blender: Osterizer, 10-speed, or equivalent. 2. Separatory Funnel: Kilborn or equivalent (see figure 1) 2. HCl Solution: HCl/water (7:93 by volume)

1. Blender: Osterizer, 10-speed, or equivalent. 2. Separatory Funnel: Kilborn or equivalent (see figure 1) 2. HCl Solution: HCl/water (7:93 by volume) EXTER.01-1 INFESTATION IN WHOLE CORN PRINCIPLE Whole corn is suspended in aqueous borax solution to float insects and insect fragments, which are collected on filter paper for microscopic identification

More information

CODEX STANDARD FOR QUICK FROZEN WHOLE KERNEL CORN CODEX STAN

CODEX STANDARD FOR QUICK FROZEN WHOLE KERNEL CORN CODEX STAN CODEX STAN 32 Page of 6. SCOPE CODEX STANDARD FOR QUICK FROZEN WHOLE KERNEL CORN CODEX STAN 32-98 This standard shall apply to quick frozen whole kernel sweet corn of the species Zea mays L. convar. saccharata

More information

Washed agar gave such satisfactory results in the milk-powder. briefly the results of this work and to show the effect of washing

Washed agar gave such satisfactory results in the milk-powder. briefly the results of this work and to show the effect of washing THE USE OF WASHED AGAR IN CULTURE MEDIA S. HENRY AYERS, COURTLAND S. MUDGE, AND PHILIP RUPP From the Research Laboratories of the Dairy Division, United States Department of Agriculture Received for publication

More information

PRESENT AND FUTURE FROZEN CONCENTRATED ORANGE JUICE - sugar remains in the liquid and application of lime offers help only if the ph is carefully

PRESENT AND FUTURE FROZEN CONCENTRATED ORANGE JUICE - sugar remains in the liquid and application of lime offers help only if the ph is carefully WENZEL: FROZEN CONCENTRATE 179 Various suggestions have been made that foul areas be treated with creosote, or other agents to kill the micro-organisms which are producing the odor. I prefer the viewpoint

More information