Coffee DNA and all that.

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1 Spin off of the University of Trieste (Italy) Coffee DNA and all that. Giorgio Graziosi 1

2 2 CONSUM CONSUMER ER FARMER FARMER

3 PRODUCER Reduce stature Resistance to pathogen gens Resistance to hostile environment 3

4 CONSUMER good bad caffeine caffeine Quality y of the beverage Low caffeine 4

5 Goals ot the Genetic Research 1. Identification of good agronomic traits Resistance to pests and diseases Flowering synchronization, Productivity and more 2. Identification of quality characteristics and more Cell wall thickness, solubility, bean uniformity 5

6 GENES AND ENVIRONMENT Coffee quality is the result of the interaction Genes / Environment Environment: soil, rain, post harvesting, etc We cannot have a good coffee if we do not start from good genes and good plants 6

7 Coffee Species identification Arabica versus Robusta 7

8 Coffee genetic composition Robusta C. canephora 22 chromosomes 1.7 Gbp Arabica C. arabica 44 chromosomes 3.2 Gpb C. eugenioides 22 chromosomes 1.7 Gbp 8

9 bp 230 bp Agarose electrophoresis of a PCR fragment of the EST 18. Columns 1, 2, 3: C. arabica. Column 4: C. eugenioides. Column 5: C. canephora. Column 6: ladder. 9

10 Checking the level of the blend Arabica/Robusta 1. Small molecules analysis (until now) 2. DNA analysis (from now on) The problem of Catimor and Sarcimor 10

11 Coffea arabica Variety identification 11

12 Genetic base ant quality (taste) Granny Smith Golden Delicious 12

13 Enviroment effect Normal Granny Smith Suffered Granny Smith 13

14 Rules governing varieties are the same for apple and for coffee. 1 Arabica caracolite 2 Arabica normale 3 Robusta normale 4 Arabica normale 5 Liberica normale WE CANNOT HAVE A GOOD COFFE IF WE NOT START FROM A GOOD PLANT WITH GOOD GENES 14

15 The Geisha Story 15

16 Panama 2004 The Hacienda La Esmeralda at Boquete,, tasted their coffee according the different fields Daniel Peterson finds that the coffee coming from Jaramillo was very good, much better than the other fields. The Jaramillo coffee was only one botanical variety: Geisha. 16

17 Commercia history of Esmeralda Especial $21US per lb $20US per lb $50US per lb $130US per lb bags for about $ 400,000) The marketing of coffee by the variety offers advantages to the producer as well as to the traders and roasters (market diversification) 17

18 The sailing bean! 18

19 19

20 agaro1 5 agaro1 11 agaro3 22 agaro3 18 agaro1 22 agaro1 15 agaro1 1 agaro1 9 agaro3 13 agaro3 23 agaro3 5 agaro3 17 agaro3 11 agaro3 4 agaro3 1 agaro1 7 agaro1 10 agaro3 20 agaro3 2 agaro3 9 agaro2 5 agaro1 14 agaro3 8 agaro1 8 agaro3 19 agaro3 14 agaro2 19 agaro1 6 agaro1 2 agaro2 8 agaro2 10 agaro2 9 agaro2 11 agaro1 3 agaro1 18 agaro1 19 agaro2 12 agaro2 14 agaro2 15 agaro1 4 agaro1 17 agaro1 20 agaro2 2 agaro2 20 agaro2 21 agaro2 22 agaro3 12 agaro3 10 agaro2 4 agaro3 6 agaro2 6 yirga 22 agaro2 17 agaro2 18 agaro2 3 agaro3 3 agaro3 24 agaro1 13 yirga 19 agaro2 16 agaro2 1 agaro1 12 agaro2 23 agaro1 24 agaro2 24 agaro3 16 Ethiop218 agaro1 16 agaro1 23 agaro2 13 agaro3 7 agaro3 15 yirga 12 agaro2 7 agaro3 21 Ethiop343 Ethiop217 agaro1 21 sln7 Ethiop345 yirga 4 yirga 8 yirga 16 etypica yirga 11 yirga 15 K7 SL28 Robustapur catuai144 boutekis bouvd laurina2 catuaiyell icatu56 Mokka Mt Everest laurpurpur caturra1 POPF6 boured pacas caturra2 catuai99 munoaca mundonovo SL34 catuai Varieties sarch1 laurina1 sarch2 SumatraMen HDT Kinta cati iapar59 American tupi catimor maragogype Rwanda Bou Tanzania Bou Yel Br HDT deriv. Mu Novo Br Bluemount KP423 bouyellow typica sln12 laur26rev sln5a aramosa sln3 sln9 BouRed Bra MuNovo Bra sln4 sln5b Indian Yirga ch efè Agaro yirga 10 yirga 1 yirga 2 yirga 6 yirga 18 yirga 20 yirga 21 yirga 7 yirga 3 yirga 14 yirga 9 yirga 23 yirga 24 yirga 17 yirga 5 yirga 13

21 Spin-off of the University of Trieste Established 2011 Main field of activity : DNA analysis Coffee DNA 21

22 Two patents: 1)Arabica/Robusta blends (%) 2) Arabica varieties identification 22

23 1. Correspondence sample/bulk shipment 2. Checking the level of the blend Arabica/Robusta 3. Origin Certification (data bank) 4. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO/nonGMO) 23

24 24

25 Thank you for your attention 25

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