Pheromone traps for gooseberry and blackcurrant sawfly Michelle Fountain, Maddie Cannon, Bethan Shaw, Dudley Farman, David Hall

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1 Pheromone traps for gooseerry and lackcurrant sawfly Michelle Fountain, Maddie Cannon, Bethan Shaw, Dudley Farman, David Hall HL01105/SF 012; SF147; SF165 Hort LINK project Developing Biocontrol Methods and their Integration in Sustainale Pest and Disease Management in Blackcurrant Production (HL01105)

2 Background Blackcurrant sawfly Common gooseerry sawfly Hymentoptera: Tenthredinidae Hymentoptera: Tenthredinidae Nematus olfaciens Nematus riesii Mostly lackcurrant, redcurrant and gooseerry Mostly gooseerry Common and frequently damaging Sporadic and localised Irregular holes in leaves Rapid defoliation Weakens the ushes, sustantial yield losses Nematus leucotrochus (holes around the edges of leaves) Pristiphora pallipes (present in small numers)

3 Adult mm Black on top Orange/Yellow ado Glassy wings with a spot Egg 1.25 mm long On vein of leaf Centre low down in ush Larva < 20 mm Body green speckled with dots Head green with lack eyes GS raised dots with setae Incision to hold egg on vein Pre pupa pale green Spins cocoon 8-10 mm

4 Overwinter April/May 8-10 days Blackcurrant sawfly Typically 2 generations May/June 4-5 instars 3 week devel. July/Aug Pupates in soil cm Gooseerry sawfly Larvae: May/Jun Jul Aug/Sep June/July

5 Monitoring Frequent crop inspection first signs of eggs, larvae and damage Aggregated Scouting time-consuming and expensive No practical systematic sampling methods or attendant crop damage thresholds have een developed Pheromone traps Reduce prophylactic applications and e less damaging to the environment and eneficial arthropods in the crop Larval Insecticides Chlorpyrifos 100% Max 2 applications Tracer 95% control Max 3 applications Calypso 99% control Max 2 applications Hallmark 60% control

6 Demonstrated that male lackcurrant sawfly were attracted to virgin females 2013/14 Mean numer of male sawfly Attraction of male to female gooseerry sawfly (Longhurst & Baker, 1980)

7 Insect rearing

8 Collection of volatiles

9 FID dat Retention Time EAG dat Retention Time FID - volts gooseerry EAG millivolts lackcurrant Z9-23:H Male antennal reaction to natural female volatiles FID - volts Minutes FID Male Gooseerry dat Retention Time Z5-14:iPr EAG Male Gooseerry dat Retention Time * * * Z7-14:iPr Minutes Z7-16:iPr EAG millivolts

10 Mean numer of male lackcurrant sawfly Mean Total Catch ( SE) Mean total catch ± SE a Synthesis Blend 0 10 Release Rate a Red delta trap Green delta trap Comined Trap design 2 0 A. 1mg Z7-14iPr mg Z7-16iPr (no colour) B. 1 mg Z7-14iPr mg Z7-16iPr + 5 mg Z9-23H (lack) C. 0.1 mg Z7- D. 0.1 mg Z7-14iPr mg14ipr mg Z7-16iPr (red) Z7-16iPr mg Z9-23H (lue) unaited

11 Blackcurrant sawfly Isopropyl esters from fatty acids Long chain hydrocaron Possily from cuticle Tiny amounts given off Last a whole season Isopropyl ester 3 doule onds Gooseerry sawfly

12 Conclusions Pheromone lends species specific No cross attraction Blackcurrant sawfly - 3-component pheromone lend Gooseerry sawfly - 2-component pheromone lend Closely related species and compounds Red delta traps Dispensed from polyethylene vial Future work Use pheromone lends in red delta traps Investigate the relationship etween trap catches, infestation, foliage damage and numers of natural enemies

13 Thanks Jim Arury Hon R Stanley Paul Clarke Mr Steve Gallimore Mr & Mrs Tom Leach Yulian Korkinski Gail Marshall /Craig Williamson Tom Maynard Janet Allen James Wright Rupert Simpson Jake Simpson Graham Moore Leslie Winsor William Heditch Chris Creed Jane Saunders David Butler Graham Collier Bill Curran Andrew Taylor Fiona Kennard Gavin and Sue Idiens Sophie Grove Farm Nigel and Tony Carter Steve Ryan Andrew Salisury Clive Edmed P Scaman & Son Scott Raffle List of gooseerry and lackcurrant growers and advisors Guy Knight, John Grearson Blackcurrant Gooseerry