Present Status of Pesticide Recommendations for Tea

Transcription

1 Present Status of Pesticide Recommendations for Tea Keerthi M. Mohotti Deputy Director Research (Production) Sixth Stakeholder Forum Workshop on Current Status on the Use of Pesticides in Tea Plantations 30 May 2014 Tea Pests in Sri Lanka Diseases Insects & Mites Nematodes Weeds Blister blight (Exobasidium vexans) Shot hole borer (Xyleborus fornicatus) Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus loosi) Couch ( Panicum repens) Red root (Poria hypolateritia) Tea tortrix (Homona coffearia) Burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis) Illuk ( Imperata cylindrica) Black blight (Rizoctonia solani) Up country live wood termite (Postelectrotermes militaris) Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne brevicauda) Getakola ( Spermacoce spp.) Red rust (Cephaleuros parasiticus ) Low country live wood termite (Glyptotermes dilatatus) and Neotermes greeni Arunadevi Wedelia trilobata) Collar and branch canker (Phomposis theae) Scavenging termite (Odontotermes horni) Borreia Borreria latifolia) Black root (Rosellinia arcuata) Mites (Five species) Horse hair blight Nettle grub Red borer Red slug Ants 2 1

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3 5 ISO Standards Definition for Black Tea Tea derived solely and exclusively, and produced by acceptable processes, notably withering, leaf maceration, aeration and drying, from the tender shoots of varieties of the species Camellia sinensis (Linnaeus) O. Kuntze known to be suitable for making tea for consumption as a beverage. ISO 3720:

4 Consumer Market Grower R&D Exporter Buyer Producer 7 Food and Beverage Industry: Food safety assurance at all production stages and supply chain Attention towards satisfying consumer s health concerns: quality and cleanliness than quantity (yield) and sustainability of the industry. Closer interventions through FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) IGG (Inter Governmental Group) on Tea More legislative and policy instruments for monitoring standards and specifications 8 4

5 Requirements for Black Tea (ISO 3720: 1986) and Green Tea (ISO 3720: 1986) Basic and Chemical: Water extract, Total ash, Crude fiber Heavy metals Standards Maximum accepted limits Pesticide residues: Sri Lankan origin and other origin teas MRLs Foreign matter and Other: Microbial parameters: Siliceous matter, iron particles, dead or live insects and / or insect particles, plastic, fiber, wood, added color Yeast and mold, E. coli, Salmonella Completely free Maximum accepted limits 9 TRI Approach in Pesticide Use I n t e g r ated a p p r o a ch i n m a n a g ement o f t e a p e s t s ( i n s e cts, m i t e s, n e m a t odes, d i s e a ses a n d w e eds) I P M c o m p o n ents i n c lude a g r o n om ic, b i o l o gical, c u l t u ra l a n d c h e m i cal m e t h o d s M o r e r a t i o n al a n d l i m i t ed u s e o f p e s t i cides ( P l a n t P r o t e ction P r o d u cts, P P P s). Ap p r o p r i a t e a n d s a f e u s e f o r s u s t a i nability b y e n s u r ing p r o d u ct, w o rk er a n d e n vi r o n m ent s a f e t y 10 5

6 TRI Approach in Recommending Plant Protection Products (PPPs) 1. Market acceptance: Consumer concerns EU / Japan positive list / MRLs / ETC Annex IV 2. ROP register and local market availability 3. Bio efficacy 4. Cost effectiveness 5. Non target effects 6. Environment safety 7. User friendliness 8. Worker safety 9. Agro Chemical and Machinery Screening Committee (ACMSC) 11 Literature FAO / IGG Working Group Pesticide Companies through ACMSC Local Agents ROP Satisfactory MOU Search for New Molecules Technical Evaluation Determination of Doses / Methods Questionable Mode of Action Market Acceptance EU / Japan +ve List Laboratory Bioassays Non Target Effects Incubated / Glass House / Pot Trials / Micro plot Studies Bioefficacy Trials Effective FAO Guided MRL Studies Adaptive Trials Technology Release Committee Guidelines Inform Agent RECOMMENDATIONS Advisory Circular 12 6

7 Product Safety Through Minimizing Pesticide Use: Mapping of pest out breaks and locations Maintenance of records, data bases and maps on pest outbreak history and demarcation of pest active and prone areas and pest pockets Correct and timely identification of pest stages and damage threshold levels to avoid unnecessary spraying Strict adherence to TRISL recommendations on chemical and non chemical methods, GAPs and GMPs Regular training of field and factory staff on GAPs and GMPs

8 15 Product Safety: continued Selection of equipment for application of fungicides, insecticides and weedicides to ensure correct application dose Pre Harvest Intervals (PHIs) for respective agro chemicals Bulking of teas (green leaf or made tea) from sprayed and unsprayed fields Establish mechanisms for traceability and accountability in the whole supply chain Managerial level supervision similar to monitoring at factory Periodic analysis of teas for pesticide residues especially during pest active seasons 16 8

9 Correct Nozzle types 17 Pre Harvest Interval (PHI) Minimum of 7 Day PHI for all recommended chemicals 18 9

10 Bulking: Additional precaution / Dilution effect

11 Environment Safety: Proper pesticide storage Separate sites / points for mixing and loading of chemicals to avoid contamination and pollution of water sources Proper disposal of used containers Record keeping Strengthen non chemical pest management practices Establish buffer zones and live fences to minimize spray drifts

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13 Monitoring Pesticide Residues in Tea Residues above certain levels are harmful (different levels given for different pesticides) Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) given by individual countries Japan (MHLW laws) and EU (ETC list) have the most stringent MRLs for tea Random monitoring by importing countries GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) items are also monitored. Residues above MRLs heavy penalties on the producing country Include as Frequently detected chemicals making the exporter to submit test reports. 25 Eg 1: EU (ETC Issue 17 as at September 2012) Code of Practice Pesticide Residues in Tea Annexes II and III for tea MRLs for 410 substances set above LOD Annexes IV List including 52 substances for which MRLs are not required Appendix 2 Pesticide Residues observed in tea for regular analysis Appendix 3a and 3b Quality Standard for tea and herbal infusions 26 13

14 Eg 2: Monitoring by Japan and MHLW Normal Monitoring Verification of violations Increased Monitoring (50%) Verification of violations Mandatory Inspections (100%) Verification of violations Total ban on imports Monitoring by Government A single violation will upgrade inspections to next level Cost to the supplier Cost to the supplier Total ban of Ceylon tea 27 TRI s Role as Specified in the Institute s Corporate Plan Awareness programs and training of field staff, workers on IPM and proper use pesticides Closer vigilance on changes and concerns on pesticides at global level Temporary suspension of concerned chemicals and residue data generation Submission of residue data with applications to the EU, Japan and CODEX for revision of MRLs Bitertanol, Propiconazole: EU Bitertanol, Propiconazole, MCPA: Japan Active participation at the Working Group on MRLs of the FAO IGG for harmonizing standards Facilitation of SLTB Guidelines on pesticide use for exports and imports for re export purposes Periodic revision and release of TRISL Advisory Circulars (PU 1 4, PM, DM & WM series) 28 14

15 Residue Level (ppm) Residue Level (ppm) Rainfall (mm) Rainfall (mm) 6/10/ Days after spraying Days after spraying Fipronil - Declining Wet Season Fipronil - Declining Dry Season EU MRL: ppm Japan MRL: ppm TRI Recommended Pesticide List 22 Chemicals PU1 Circular Revised in June 2012 Fungicides Weedicides Insecticides Bitertanol Copper Hydroxide Copper Oxide Copper Oxychloride Hexaconazole Propiconazole Tebuconazole 2,4-D Diuron Glufosinate Ammonium Glyphosate MCPA Oxyfluorfen Paraquat Carbofuran (N) Chlorfluazuron Diazinon Dazomet (N) - Use in nurseries Imidachloprid Fipronil Metam Sodium (N) - Use in nurseries Sulphur(A) 30 15

16 MRLs as atttoday Tea a.i. EU Japan USA China Bitertanol Copper Hydroxide 40 Exempted Copper oxide 40 Exempted Copper Oxychloride 40 Exempted Hexaconazole Propiconazole Tebuconazole ,4-D Diuron Glufosinate Ammonium Glyphosate MCPA Oxyfluorfen Paraquat Carbofuran Chlorfluazuron Diazinon Dazomet Imidachloprid Fipronil Metam Sodium Sulphur Exempted Exempted 31 Status of Testing of Alternate PPPs Pest Shot hole borer Mites Tea Tortrix Pesticide to be replaced Fenthion Propagite Fipronil Alternate PPPs Bioefficacy trials MRL studies Recommendation Completed Dossiers and results submitted for revision of MRLs Lime: Sulphur Completed Not required Pending on mature tea Pending on mature tea Lauric acid Completed Not required Pending Azadirachtin Completed Pending Pending Milbemectin Chromafenozide Thiamethoxam Proclaim In progress In progress In progress In progress Blister blight Dry Prilled Cu Completed Completed Pending Weeds Paraquat Glyphosate + MCPA + Iso propile Amine (RAPID) Glyphosate + Carpentasole Ethyl (TRIGGER) Completed Weeds: Pre emergent Oxyfluorfen Indaziflam In progress Pending White grubs Carbofuran Fipronil (Granular formulation) Vertako In progress Not required Nematodes Carbofuran Fipronil (Granular formulation) Vertako In progress Not required 32 16

17 Surveillance Reports on Sri Lankan Origin Teas In the EU: according to ETC reports, all cleared. In Japan: out of 189 chemicals tested, all none detected except glyphosate with 0.9 ppm. JTA cautioned Sri Lanka on the only detection of glyphosate which is reaching the MRL of 1 ppm! Recall issues in Japan on 2-4 D and MCPA Producers need to support collectively and in a responsible manner 33 Recent Residue Detections in Sri Lankan Origin Teas No. Chemical Region Year 1 Chlorfluazuron Up country Estates Oct 2012 EU 2 Chlorfluazuron Up country Estates Oct 2012 EU 3 Diuron Up country Estates Oct 2012 EU 4 Diuron Up country Estates Oct 2012 EU 5 Anthroquinon Low country Estate Dec 2012 EU Country of Detection 6 Anthroquinon Uva Estates May 2013 Japan EU 7 Chlordane SL Teas May 2013 Japan 8 Heptachlor SL Teas May 2013 Japan 9 Propham SL Teas May 2013 Japan 10 Diuron Mid country Feb 2012 Germany 11 Anthroquinon Up country Estates March 2014 EU 34 17

18 Quick Access to Tea Related Information EU: Pesticide data base http/ec.europa.eu/sanco_pesticides/public Sri Lanka: Updates on pesticide recommendations for tea www/tri.lk SLTB AL/MQS-Rev/2010 Annexure A & B 35 Thank You 36 18