Effect of Charcoal Application to Early Growth Stage of Acaia mangium

Transcription

1 Effect of Charcoal Application to Early Growth Stage of Acaia mangium Carbon Fixing Forests Management in Indonesia Chairil Anwar Siregar, Nobuo Ishibashi, Tsuyosi Kato, N.M. Herianto, and Kazuya Ando (Forest and Nature Conservation Research and Development Center) (Japan International Cooperation Agency)

2 Why charcoal? : Hypothetical framework. Activate mycorrhizae Enhance nutrient uptake from soil Protect roots of seedlings. Increase ph of acid soil Increase available phosphorus 3. Provide minerals (Ca +, K +, Mg +, etc.) 4. Improve physical properties of soil Improve water permeability and water retention potential

3 GREENHOUSE EXPERIMENTS :. Examining soil amendment through charcoal application with the potential to enhance better plant growth.. Evaluate the plant growth response to promote the most judicious use of charcoal in the plantation of Acacia mangium.

4 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN - Completely randomized design with four replications - One experimental unit : five seedlings in pot - Medium : 4 gr air dry soil - No fertilizer added in pot seedlings - Soil moisture: field capacity Tree species Acacia mangium Charcoal Concentration %, %, 5% and % (v/v)

5 Chemical properties of charcoal ph (H O) ph (KCl) C Organic, % N Kjeldahl, % P Potential (HCl 5%, P O 5 ), ppm K Potential (HCl 5%, K O), mg/ g P available (Bray, P O 5 ), ppm K available (Morgan, K O), ppm Ca ( N NH4Oac, ph 7. extraction), me/ g Mg( N NH4Oac, ph 7. extraction), me/ g K ( N NH4Oac, ph 7. extraction), me/ g Na ( N NH4Oac, ph 7. extraction), me/ g Total ( N NH4Oac, ph 7. extraction), me/ g CEC ( N NH4Oac, ph 7. extraction), me/ g BS, % KCl N, Al 3+, me/ g KCl N, H +, me/ g >

6 Soil : Chemical Properties Orthic Acrisol (Very fine, mixed, semiactive, isohyperthermic, Typic Paleudult) ph (H O) ph (KCl) C Organic, % N Kjeldahl, % C/N P Potential (HCl 5%, P O 5 ), mg/ g K Potential (HCl 5%, K O), mg/ g P available (Bray, P O 5 ), ppm K available (Morgan, K O), ppm Ca ( N NH4Oac, ph 7. extraction), me/ g Mg( N NH4Oac, ph 7. extraction), me/ g K ( N NH4Oac, ph 7. extraction), me/ g Na ( N NH4Oac, ph 7. extraction), me/ g Total ( N NH4Oac, ph 7. extraction), me/ g CEC ( N NH4Oac, ph 7. extraction), me/ g BS, % KCl N, Al 3+, me/ g KCl N, H +, me/ g

7 Chemical properties of soil () ph HO ,9C 4,3B 4,3B 4,5A Initial data After experiment ph KCl 4, 4 3,9 3,8 3,7 3,6 3,5 3,7C 4,A 3,9B 3,9B C organic (%),6,4,,8,6,4,,6C,3A,B,9B N Kjeldahl (%),5,,5,,5,3AB,4A,B,8C 8 6 C/N 4 8,8A 8,B 8,B 7,C P potential (mg/ g) ,5A 8,3B 8,B,8C

8 Chemical properties of soil () K potential (mg/ g) ,4A 54,3A 38,B 36,B 3,8C 34,8B 5 Not significant 6,D,A,4A,4A,9A 39,C Initial data After experiment P available (ppm) 5 5 K available (ppm) Ca (me/ g) ,43A,78B,73B,64C,5,83A,5B,39C,7D Mg (me/ K (me/ g) g),a,5,5,5,67b,68b,8c

9 Chemical properties of soil (3) Na (me/ g),3,5,,5,,5 Not significant,6a,4a,a,a Initial data After experiment Total (me/ g) ,6A 5,B 5,B,9C CEC (me/ g) ,5A 3,B 3,8AB 3,3B BS (%) ,5A 7B 6,8B 6C Al3+ (me/ g) ,4A 3,9B 4,3B,7C H+ (me/ g),5,5,75a,4ab,b,94b

10 Effect of charcoal concentration on the plant growth () Height (cm) 3,8B 3,4A 3A 3,5A Charcoal application Diameter (cm) 3,6B,4A,4A,4A Charcoal application Leaf dry weight (gram),5,5,b,5a,6a,6a Charcoal application Stem dry weight (gram),5,8a,8a,7ab,4b Charcoal application Root dry weight (gram),8,6,4, Not significant,4a,6a,5a,5a Charcoal application

11 Top root ratio 6 4 4,4A 4,3A 4,5A,7B Charcoal application Effect of charcoal concentration on the plant growth () (Root+ stem) / Leaf biomass,5,5,4a B,9B,8B Charcoal application

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13 CONCLUSIONS. Charcoal additions to soil significantly increased height and diameter of A. mangium seedlings at age of 6 months in comparison to a control.. Charcoal treatment significantly increased soil ph, soil organic C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, K, percentage of base saturation. ly decreased CEC, Al3+ and H+. 3. Rate at % gave the optimum plant growth.

14 Thank you