2. The differential pressure across control valves must not vary too much

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "2. The differential pressure across control valves must not vary too much"

Transcription

1 2. Te differential pressre across control valves mst not vary too mc Common roblems roblems, typical indicating tat condition nmber two is not met: - Continos oscillation of room temperatre. - Room temperatres not reacing reired set point at low loads. - Maintenance problems wit control valves and actators, de to fatige from nting. - Higer energy costs tan expected, de to nfavorable control settings to avoid instability. Backgrond Variable flow systems are becoming more and more poplar, mainly de to te advantages compared to constant flow systems: Te pmping costs are redced Te retrn temperatre is minimised in eating systems Te retrn temperatre is maximised in cooling systems Bt tere is one major disadvantage: Te differential pressres in te plant may vary considerably dring operation By flfilling te second condition, te negative impact on system fnction and performance from tis disadvantage can be redced and even avoided. How it is done? By sing good ydronic! Te essential objective in ing any eating and air conditioning plant is to obtain a comfortable indoor climate, minimising costs and operating problems. In teory, new control tecnologies appear adeate to satisfy te most demanding reirements and to provide opportnities for increasing comfort wile making sbstantial energy savings. In practice, owever, even te most sopisticated controllers cannot acieve teir teoretical performances nless te conditions for teir operation are correct. Tese conditions are settled by te of te ydronic system. Simply pt; control cannot compensate for a poorly ed system, wic is wy te system mst be ed as controllable as possible. Circit One important measre of ydronic ality is te circit. Fig 1 represents a typical ydronic circit for an air eating/cooling coil. Te circit is te relationsip between te control signal and te reslting termal power from te coil. It determines te controllability of te system. Termal power [] Control signal []

2 Te steeper te slope of te circit crve, te iger te risk for control instability becomes and as a reslt, te more difficlt te control becomes. Tis is ite easy to imagine. At a low slope, any actions from te control will reslt in marginally canges of te termal otpt, making te system ite indifferent. However, at a ig slope, even tiny alterations of te control signal will reslt in large canges of te termal otpt, making te system sensitive and possibly nstable. To avoid instability problems, wic effectively will rin te control fnction, a low set vale of te gain (corresponding to a wide -band) is reired in te controller. However, te reslt of a low controller gain is less control accracy and slower response to distrbances. It is terefore crcial to avoid steep slopes of te circit. In sc perspective, te ambition sold be to acieve a linear circit since it will minimise te slope across te entire control range. Circit compond Te circit consist of: Actator Inerent valve Terminal atority Actator (inerent) atority effect Terminal Circit Te actator sows te relationsip between te incoming control signal from te controller to te actator and te reslting valve lift. Usally, te is linear bt for simple actators, te crve may be ite nlinear. Te inerent valve, wic sows te relation between valve opening and valve capacity ( vale), depends solely on te mecanical of te control valve. Tere are few different types of valve s on te market; te most common ones are te linear and te eal-percentage, or actally eal-percentage modified (EQM) s.

3 Te terminal may vary a lot depending on, size and temperatres bt is definitely nlinear. A typical gives 50% power at 20% flow and 80% power at 50% flow, ite te opposite sape compared to an EQM valve. Tis is also te reason wy EQM is sally preferred, wen coosing control valve, since it conteract te nlinearity of te terminal. atority is a measre of te cange in differential pressre across a control valve dring operation. Te flow trog a control valve depends on te differential pressre across te valve and its vale. Te vale is given by te inerent valve for any valve opening. If te differential pressre is constant dring operation, te relationsip between and water flow wold be completely linear. However, in variable flow system, te differential pressre varies dring operation, wic means tat te relationsip becomes more or less nlinear. Te magnitde of te nlinearity is expressed by te valve atority: β = st β = atority [-] = Differential pressre across flly open control valve at flow [ka] st = Differential pressre across flly st control valve [ka] β = 0.1 β = 1.0 A ig vale of valve atority means tat te differential pressre is close to constant and te relationsip between vale and water flow becomes ite linear. A low vale, on te oter and, means tat te differential pressre will increase mc wen te valve closes, reslting in large nlinearity between vale and flow. Te lower te valve atority is, te more nlinear te crve becomes. Simply by looking at te compond of te circit, it is ite clear tat a low valve atority will make te circit crve nfavorable. Tis is wy te second condition mst be flfilled; too mc variation in differential pressre across a control valve leads to low atority, distorted circit and poor control. In addition, large variations in differential pressre will lead to interactivity between circits, making control even more difficlt. Design and minimm valve atority Te available differential pressre across te ydronic circit is transferred to te control valve once it sts, wic means tat size, and control of te system determines te differential pressre across te control valve flly st (denominator in te expression above). Hence, te circmstance of te system at any given time determines te available differential pressre across te circits, wic means tat te valve atority varies dring operation. If, for instance, only one control valve sts in a system wile te oters are flly open, te differential pressre across tat specific valve will become significantly lower tan if all control valves st at te same time. Tis leads to two different definitions of valve atority; atority and minimm atority. For two-way valves in variable flow systems, tese definitions become as following:

4 β = ΔH β min = ΔH max β = atority at condition [-] ΔH = Available differential pressre across circit at condition [ka] β min = Minimm valve atority [-] ΔH max = Maximm differential pressre across circit dring operation [ka] Bot te and minimm atority definitions sold be regarded wen ing a system, since te level of te valve atority will vary somewere between te atority (igest possible level) and te minimm atority (lowest possible level) dring operation. Te implication of varying valve atority on te circit dring operation is sown in te figre below. Te best case represents te of te considered circit for atority, corresponding to a sitation were all oter control valves in te system are maintained flly open. Te worst case, owever, represents te circit for minimm atority, corresponding effectively to a sitation were all oter control valves are maintained flly st. Te latter case reslts in mc iger differential pressre across te circit and, ts, steeper slope of te circit and also sbstantial overflow wen te control valve is flly open. Worst case β min β Best case Actator (inerent) atority effect Terminal Circit

5 Hydronic Te impact of te cosen control valve on te circit and, ence, on te controllability of te system, is ite obvios since bot te valve as well as te valve atority depends on te control valve selection. Wen coosing control valves bot of tese aspects mst be taken care of. Te flow mst be obtained for te control valve flly open in conditions. In order to facilitate control, te valve sold matc te terminal nlinearity. To maintain a favorable circit, te valve atority mst not be too low. In order to prevent te valve atority from distorting te circit too mc, te lowest vales of and minimm atority are: β 0.5 β min 0.25 Te atority for a control valve sold not be less tan 0.5, wic effectively means tat te pressre drop trog te flly open (two-way) control valve at flow sold at least be eal to alf of te available differential pressre across te circit at condition. Te prpose of tis gideline is to make sre tat te circit at its best becomes ite close to linear, assming tat te inerent of te valve is appropriately cosen. Te second condition states tat te minimm atority sold not fall sort of 0.25, wic sets te lowest level of te circit, wen it is at its worst. Evidently, tis condition is of mc importance since it effectively settles te limit for te control to andle. Besides coosing te control valves careflly, tere are oter measres to implement in order to avoid low atority: Avoid large pipe pressre drops Use variable speed pmps Use Δp stabilization valves wen needed Even if te control valve is selected wit great care, tere migt arise sitations were te valve atority becomes too low anyway, simply becase it depends not solely on te control valve sizing bt on te of te rest of te system as well. An effective measre in sc perspective is to install differential pressre stabilization valves. Tese migt improve te prereisites for problem free control radically. Conclsions Te objective of any HVAC plant is to provide a comfortable indoor climate wilst minimising costs and operational problems. In teory, modern control tecnologies make tis objective possible. In practise, owever, not even te most sopisticated controllers perform as promised. Te reason is often tat te conditions necessary for good control are not flfilled. One sc condition is tat te differential pressre across control valves mst not vary too mc. Te reason is to maintain te valve atority at a sfficient level in order to prevent te circit from distorting too mc and, ts, avoiding control problems. Tor & Andersson AB Bo G Eriksson, Senior Engineer

HCR OF HEAT PUMP ROOM AIR CONDITIONER IN CHINA. Beijing , China

HCR OF HEAT PUMP ROOM AIR CONDITIONER IN CHINA. Beijing , China OF HEA PUMP ROOM AIR CONDIIONER IN CHINA Baolong Wang 1, Wenxing Si 1, uan Cen 1 1 Department of Building Sciencesingua University, Beijing 100084, Cina ABSRAC Definition of eating/cooling capacity ratio

More information

Calculation of Theoretical Torque and Displacement in an Internal Gear Pump

Calculation of Theoretical Torque and Displacement in an Internal Gear Pump TECHNICAL REPORT Calculation of Teoretical Torque and Displacement in an Internal Gear Pump Y. INAGUMA Tis paper describes numerical determination of teoretical torque (ideal torque) and teoretical stroke

More information

Overall stability of multi-span portal sheds at right-angles to the portal spans

Overall stability of multi-span portal sheds at right-angles to the portal spans Overall stability of multi-span portal seds at rigt-angles to te portal spans SCI s Senior Manager for Standards, Carles M King, explains te approac for design of long-span portal seds. 1. Introduction

More information

Modeling the Greek Electricity Market

Modeling the Greek Electricity Market 19 t ational Conference of te Hellenic Operational Researc ociety (HELOR 007), Arta, Greece, Jne 1-3 007. Modelin te Greek Electricity Market Panaiotis Andrianesis, Geore Liberopolos, Geore Kozanidis Department

More information

Russell James Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Taupo-ldairakei, New Zealand

Russell James Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Taupo-ldairakei, New Zealand MEASUREMENT OF STEAM-TJATER FLOWS FOR THE TOTAL FLOW TURBIlJE Russell James Department of Scientific and Industrial Researc Taupo-ldairakei, New Zealand Hot water geotermal fields discarge steam-water

More information

INVESTIGATION OF TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER OVER FORWARD-FACING STEP BY MEANS OF DNS

INVESTIGATION OF TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER OVER FORWARD-FACING STEP BY MEANS OF DNS Sit International Smposim on Trblence and Sear Flow Penomena Seol, Korea, -4 Jne 9 INVESTIGATION OF TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYER OVER FORWARD-FACING STEP BY MEANS OF DNS Hirofmi Hattori Department of Mecanical

More information

Point Pollution Sources Dimensioning

Point Pollution Sources Dimensioning Point Pollution Sources Diensioning Georgeta CUCULEANU 1 ABSTRACT In tis paper a etod for deterining te ain pysical caracteristics of te point pollution sources is presented. It can be used to find te

More information

CO-ROTATING FULLY INTERMESHING TWIN-SCREW COMPOUNDING: ADVANCEMENTS FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY

CO-ROTATING FULLY INTERMESHING TWIN-SCREW COMPOUNDING: ADVANCEMENTS FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY CO-ROTATING FULLY INTERMESHING TWIN-SCREW COMPOUNDING: ADVANCEMENTS FOR IMPROVED PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY Paul G. Andersen, Coperion Corporation, Ramsey, NJ Frank Lecner, Coperion GmbH, Stuttgart,

More information

ANALYSIS OF WORK ROLL THERMAL BEHAVIOR FOR 1450MM HOT STRIP MILL WITH GENETIC ALGORITHM

ANALYSIS OF WORK ROLL THERMAL BEHAVIOR FOR 1450MM HOT STRIP MILL WITH GENETIC ALGORITHM Journal of Teoretical and Applied Information Tecnology 3 t September 2. Vol. 43 No.2 5-2 JATIT & LLS. All rigts reserved. ANALYSIS OF WORK ROLL THERMAL BEHAVIOR FOR 45MM HOT STRIP MILL WITH GENETIC ALGORITHM

More information

Physics Engineering PC 1431 Experiment P2 Heat Engine. Section B: Brief Theory (condensed from Serway & Jewett)

Physics Engineering PC 1431 Experiment P2 Heat Engine. Section B: Brief Theory (condensed from Serway & Jewett) Pysics Engineering PC 1431 Experiment P2 Heat Engine Section A: Introduction Te invention of steam engine played a very significant role in te Industrial Revolution from te late 1700s to early 1800s. Te

More information

2 2D 2F. 1pc for each 20 m of wire. h (min. 45) h (min. 45) 3AC. see details J, E

2 2D 2F. 1pc for each 20 m of wire. h (min. 45) h (min. 45) 3AC. see details J, E TEXTILE AIR DIFFUSERS - - INSTRUCTIONS AIR FOR MOUNTING 1 1D 1F see details A, B, C 2 2D 2F see details A, B, C (min. 32) min. every 0 mm 1pc for eac 20 m of wire min. every 0 mm 1pc for eac 20 m of wire

More information

Influence of the mass flow ratio water-air on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient in a cooling tower

Influence of the mass flow ratio water-air on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient in a cooling tower International Journal of CemTec Researc CODEN (UA): IJCRGG, IN: 974-49, IN(Online):455-9555 Vol.11 No.1, pp 167-173, 18 Influence of te mass flow ratio water-air on te volumetric mass transfer coefficient

More information

Fixation effects: do they exist in design problem solving?

Fixation effects: do they exist in design problem solving? Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 1993, volume 20, pages 333-345 Fixation effects: do tey exist in design problem solving? A T Purcell, P Williams, J S Gero, B Colbron Department of Arcitectural

More information

Optimization Model of Oil-Volume Marking with Tilted Oil Tank

Optimization Model of Oil-Volume Marking with Tilted Oil Tank Open Journal of Optimization 1 1 - ttp://.doi.org/1.36/ojop.1.1 Publised Online December 1 (ttp://www.scirp.org/journal/ojop) Optimization Model of Oil-olume Marking wit Tilted Oil Tank Wei Xie 1 Xiaojing

More information

Study of Steam Export Transients in a Combined Cycle Power Plant

Study of Steam Export Transients in a Combined Cycle Power Plant Study of Steam Export Transients in a Combined Cycle ower lant Alfonso Junquera Delgado Departamento Mecánico, Empresarios Agrupados c\ Magallanes 3 Madrid 8003 ajd@empre.es Almudena Travesí de los Santos

More information

Prediction of steel plate deformation due to triangle heating using the inherent strain method

Prediction of steel plate deformation due to triangle heating using the inherent strain method J Mar Sci Tecnol (005) 10:11 16 DOI 10.1007/s00773-005-00-5 Prediction of steel plate deformation due to triangle eating using te inerent strain metod Cang Doo Jang 1, Tae Hoon Kim, Dae Eun Ko 3, Tomas

More information

Balanced Binary Trees

Balanced Binary Trees Balanced Binary Trees 1 Binary searc trees provide O(log N) searc times provided tat te nodes are distributed in a reasonably balanced manner. Unfortunately, tat is not always te case and performing a

More information

1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE

1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE STERILE CONTAINER SYSTEMS BIO-BARRIER 1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE Aygün Bio-Barrier model sterilization container systems are designed wit mecanical valves

More information

1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE

1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE BIO-BARRIER 1/1 FULL SIZE 3/4 QUARTER SIZE 1/2 HALF SIZE EXTRA LARGE SIZE EXTRA LONG SIZE Aygün Bio-Barrier model sterilization container systems are designed wit mecanical valves bot in bottom and lid

More information

Math GPS. 2. Art projects include structures made with straws this week.

Math GPS. 2. Art projects include structures made with straws this week. Number of Plants Mat GPS. List te measurements in order from greatest to least., inces,5 feet mile 75 yards Greatest. Art projects include structures made wit straws tis week. Number of Projects, p Total

More information

Analysing the energy consumption of air handling units by Hungarian and international methods

Analysing the energy consumption of air handling units by Hungarian and international methods Analysing te energy consumption of air andling units by Hungarian and international metods László Kajtár 1, Miklós Kassai 2,* 1,2 Budapest University of Tecnology and Economics (BUTE), Budapest, Hungary

More information

A SIMPLE CORRECTION TO THE FIRST ORDER SHEAR DEFORMATION SHELL FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATIONS

A SIMPLE CORRECTION TO THE FIRST ORDER SHEAR DEFORMATION SHELL FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATIONS A SIMPLE CORRECTION TO THE FIRST ORDER SHEAR DEFORMATION SHELL FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATIONS Romil Tano and Ala Tabiei Center of Ecellence in DYNAD Analsis Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering

More information

Gas Flow into Rotary Valve Intake and Exhaust Mechanism in Internal Combustion Engine

Gas Flow into Rotary Valve Intake and Exhaust Mechanism in Internal Combustion Engine World Academy of Science, Engineering and Tecnology Vol:7, No:4, 13 Gas Flow into Rotary Valve Intake and Exaust Mecanism in Internal Combustion Engine R. Usubamatov, Z. A. Rasid International Science

More information

Numerical Simulation of Stresses in Thin-rimmed Spur Gears with Keyway B. Brůžek, E. Leidich

Numerical Simulation of Stresses in Thin-rimmed Spur Gears with Keyway B. Brůžek, E. Leidich Numerical Simulation of Stresses in Tin-rimmed Spur Gears wit Keyway B. Brůžek, E. Leidic Tis paper contains an investigation of te key on a stress distribution in a tin-rimmed spur gear. A stress analysis

More information

International Plant Protection Convention Page 1 of 10

International Plant Protection Convention Page 1 of 10 International Plant Protection Convention Draft ISPM: Revision to Annex 1 and Annex 2 to ISPM 15 (Regulation of wood packaging material in international trade) 2006-010A&B [1]Draft revision of Annex 1

More information

TORQUE CONVERTER MODELLING FOR ACCELERATION SIMULATION

TORQUE CONVERTER MODELLING FOR ACCELERATION SIMULATION UNIVERSITY OF PITESTI SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN FACULTY OF MECHANICS AND TECHNOLOGY AUTOMOTIVE series, year XVII, no.1 ( 3 ) TORQUE CONVERTER MODELLING FOR ACCELERATION SIMULATION 1 Ciobotaru, Ticuşor *, 1 Vînturiş,

More information

Ground Improvement Using Preloading with Prefabricated Vertical Drains

Ground Improvement Using Preloading with Prefabricated Vertical Drains DISCUSSION of: Ground Improvement Using Preloading wit Prefabricated Vertical Drains Full Reference: Dar, A.S., Siddique, A., Ameen, S.F., (211). Ground Improvement using Pre-loading wit Prefabricated

More information

Revision Topic 12: Area and Volume Area of simple shapes

Revision Topic 12: Area and Volume Area of simple shapes Revision Topic : Area and Volume Area of simple sapes You need to learn ALL of te following area formulae: Rectangle Triangle W L b Area = lengt widt Area = base eigt = ½ b Parallelogram Trapezium a b

More information

OD DVOSTRUKO ZASTAKLJENOG PROZORA DO DVOSTRUKE FASADE INDIKATORI PRENOSA TOPLOTE STACIONARNOG STANJA

OD DVOSTRUKO ZASTAKLJENOG PROZORA DO DVOSTRUKE FASADE INDIKATORI PRENOSA TOPLOTE STACIONARNOG STANJA OD DVOSTRUKO ZASTAKLJENOG PROZORA DO DVOSTRUKE FASADE INDIKATORI PRENOSA TOPLOTE STACIONARNOG STANJA FROM DOUBLE-GLAZED WINDOW TO DOUBLE-SKIN FACADE STEADY STATE HEAT TRANSFER INDICATORS Gabriel NĂSTASE

More information

Red Green Black Trees: Extension to Red Black Trees

Red Green Black Trees: Extension to Red Black Trees Red Green Black Trees: Extension to Red Black Trees Seyfeddine Zouana*, Djamel Eddine Zegour Laboratoire de la Communication dans les Systèmes Informatiques, Ecole nationale Supérieure d'informatique,

More information

Research regarding the setting up of the Processing Directions of Peach New Cultivars and Hybrids

Research regarding the setting up of the Processing Directions of Peach New Cultivars and Hybrids Roumanian Biotecnological Letters Vol. 13, No. 5, 2008, pp. 3955 3961 Copyrigt 2008 Bucarest University Printed in Romania. All rigts reserved Roumanian Society of Biological Sciences ORIGINAL PAPER Researc

More information

青藜苑教育 Example : Find te area of te following trapezium. 7cm 4.5cm cm To find te area, you add te parallel sides 7

青藜苑教育 Example : Find te area of te following trapezium. 7cm 4.5cm cm To find te area, you add te parallel sides 7 青藜苑教育 www.tetopedu.com 00-6895997 3095457 Area of simple sapes Revision Topic : Area and Volume You need to learn ALL of te following area formulae: Rectangle Triangle W L Area = lengt widt Area = b base

More information

Installation the DELTABEAM Frame

Installation the DELTABEAM Frame Tese installation instructions are intended to be used togeter wit te project s erection metod statement were te instructions may be complemented. If tere are differences between te erection metod statement

More information

László Mester. The new physical-mechanical theory of granular materials

László Mester. The new physical-mechanical theory of granular materials László Mester Te new pysical-mecanical teory of granular materials 9 - - Contents Introduction 3 Granular material as a distinct state of matter 4 Pysical properties of te granular material in relation

More information

BIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPOSITE PANEL WITH INTEGRATED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM FOR THERMAL CONTROL

BIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPOSITE PANEL WITH INTEGRATED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM FOR THERMAL CONTROL BIOLOGICALLY INSPIRED MULTIFUNCTIONAL COMPOSITE PANEL WITH INTEGRATED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM FOR THERMAL CONTROL A. D. Williams, M. E. Lyall, L. E. Underwood, and B. J. Arritt Air Force Researc Laboratory,

More information

HIGH PRICE VOLATILITY AND SPILLOVER EFFECTS IN ENERGY MARKETS

HIGH PRICE VOLATILITY AND SPILLOVER EFFECTS IN ENERGY MARKETS HIGH PRICE VOLATILITY AND SPILLOVER EFFECTS IN ENERGY MARKETS Aaron Sing Gradate Stdent Department of Agricltral and Applied Economics Te Uniersity of Georgia Atens, GA 3060-7509 Email: singaa@ga.ed Berna

More information

Convective Drying of Ginger Rhizomes

Convective Drying of Ginger Rhizomes Proceedings of te World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 217 Vol II WCECS 217, October 25-27, 217, San Francisco, USA Convective Drying of Ginger Rizomes Gbasouzor Austin Ikecukwu, Member IAENG,

More information

Calculation Methodology of Translucent Construction Elements in Buildings and Other Structures

Calculation Methodology of Translucent Construction Elements in Buildings and Other Structures MATEC Web of Conferences 96, 005 (08) ttps://doi.org/0.05/matecconf/0896005 XXVII R-S-P Seminar 08, Teoretical Foundation of Civil Engineering Calculation Metodology of Translucent Construction Elements

More information

16.1 Volume of Prisms and Cylinders

16.1 Volume of Prisms and Cylinders Name Class Date 16.1 Volume of Prisms and Cylinders Essential Question: How do te formulas for te volume of a prism and cylinder relate to area formulas tat you already know? Explore G.11.D Apply te formulas

More information

Measured Adiabatic Effectiveness and Heat Transfer for Blowing From the Tip of a Turbine Blade

Measured Adiabatic Effectiveness and Heat Transfer for Blowing From the Tip of a Turbine Blade See discussions, stats, and autor profiles for tis publication at: ttps://www.researcgate.net/publication/4554895 Measured Adiabatic Effectiveness and Heat Transfer for Blowing From te Tip of a Turbine

More information

FABRICATION AND TESTING OF A HIGH-TEMPERATURE PRINTED CIRCUIT HEAT EXCHANGER

FABRICATION AND TESTING OF A HIGH-TEMPERATURE PRINTED CIRCUIT HEAT EXCHANGER FABRICATION AND TESTING OF A HIGH-TEMPERATURE PRINTED CIRCUIT HEAT EXCHANGER Mingui Cen, Xiaodong Sun *, Ricard N. Cristensen Te Oio State University 201 W 19 t Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 cen.3370@osu.edu,

More information

Research on the Reciprocating Sealing of Fracturing Pump

Research on the Reciprocating Sealing of Fracturing Pump TELKOMNIKA, Vol.10, No.3, September 2012, pp. 499~504 ISSN: 1693-6930 accredited by DGHE (DIKTI), Decree No: 51/Dikti/Kep/2010 499 Researc on te Reciprocating Sealing of Fracturing Pump Wei Bing Zu 1,

More information

Study of microrelief influence on optical output coefficient of GaN-based LED

Study of microrelief influence on optical output coefficient of GaN-based LED Study of microrelief influence on optical output coefficient of GaN-based LED Danilina T.I., Cistoyedova I.A. and Popov A.A. Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Lenina prospect

More information

OXYGEN CONTENT OF COMMERCIAL FROZEN ORANGE

OXYGEN CONTENT OF COMMERCIAL FROZEN ORANGE HGGART: OXYGEN CONTENT OXYGEN CONTENT OF COMMERCIAL FROZEN ORANGE CONCENTRATE R. L. HGGART Florida Citrus Commission Lake Alfred Incorporation air into citrus products du ring processing exposes tem to

More information

Description of Danish Practices in Retail Trade Statistics.

Description of Danish Practices in Retail Trade Statistics. Description of Danis Practices in Retail Trade Statistics. 1. Statistical units and reporting units Units and population Te enterprises in te Retail Trade Index are all legal units. In te Central Business

More information

20.1 Heights and distances

20.1 Heights and distances 20 Heigts an istances INTROUTION In tis capter, we will learn te practical use of trigonometry in our ay-to-ay life. We will see ow trigonometry is use for fining te eigts an istances of various objects,

More information

The Violin Bow: Taper, Camber and Flexibility

The Violin Bow: Taper, Camber and Flexibility Te Violin Bow: Taper, Camber and lexibility Colin Goug Scool of Pysics and Astronomy, University of Birmingam, B13 9SN,UK a) (Dated: 11/22/1) An analytic, small-deflection, simplified model of te modern

More information

Applying Trigonometric Functions. ENTERTAINMENT The circus has arrived and the roustabouts must put

Applying Trigonometric Functions. ENTERTAINMENT The circus has arrived and the roustabouts must put 5-4 OJETIVE Use trigonometry to find te measures of te sides of rigt triangles. pplying Trigonometric Functions ENTERTINMENT Te circus as arrived and te roustabouts must put up te main tent in a field

More information

Math Practice Use a Formula

Math Practice Use a Formula 9.4 Volumes of Prisms How can you find te volume of a prism? ACTIVITY: Pearls in a Treasure Cest Work wit a partner. A treasure cest is filled wit valuable pearls. Eac pearl is about centimeter in diameter

More information

Effect of Twisted-tape Inserts on Heat Transfer in a Tube

Effect of Twisted-tape Inserts on Heat Transfer in a Tube Effect of Twisted-tae Inserts on Heat Transfer in a Tube Watcarin Nootong, Smit Eiamsa-ard and Pongjet Promvonge, * Deartment of Mecanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut s Institute

More information

Tertiary reserve in Greece s electricity market: The need for peakers

Tertiary reserve in Greece s electricity market: The need for peakers Conference on te promotion of Distribted Renewable Enery Sorces in te Mediterranean reion 11-12 December 29 Nicosia Cyprs (Paper ref No: 134) Tertiary reserve in Greece s electricity market: Te need for

More information

An experimental study on the design method of a real-sized Mobile Bridge for a moving vehicle

An experimental study on the design method of a real-sized Mobile Bridge for a moving vehicle Mobile and Rapidly ssembled Structures I 93 n experimental study on te design metod of a real-sized Mobile ridge for a moving veicle Y. ikairo, I. rio, M. Nakazawa, S. Ono 3, J. olnicki-szulc 4, P. Pawlowski

More information

Earthquake countermeasures for wood houses to mitigate seismic loss and total cost

Earthquake countermeasures for wood houses to mitigate seismic loss and total cost Safety, Reliability and Risk of Strctres, Infrastrctres and Engineering Systes Frta, Frangopol & Sinozka (eds) 2 Taylor & Francis Grop, London, ISBN 978--45-47557- Eartqake contereasres for wood oses to

More information

Joan B. Rodríguez Altran Calle Campezo 1, Madrid, Spain ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION / STATE OF THE ART

Joan B. Rodríguez Altran Calle Campezo 1, Madrid, Spain ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION / STATE OF THE ART Proceeings of ICAD Worcester Jne 7-8, ICAD--4 THE VACUUM CLEANER AS A CASE STUDY FOR TEACHING CONCEPTUAL DESIGN Joan B. Rorígez joan.rorigez@altran.com Altran Calle Camezo, 8 Mari, Sain Efrén M. Benavies

More information

MPLEMENTATION OF A NATIONAL OBSERVATORY FOR MONITORING TECHNO-ECONOMIC DATA OF THE ITALIAN FLEET AND THE EVALUATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PARAMETERS 1

MPLEMENTATION OF A NATIONAL OBSERVATORY FOR MONITORING TECHNO-ECONOMIC DATA OF THE ITALIAN FLEET AND THE EVALUATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PARAMETERS 1 MPLEMENTATION OF A NATIONAL OBSERVATORY FOR MONITORING TECHNO-ECONOMIC DATA OF THE ITALIAN FLEET AND THE EVALUATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC PARAMETERS 1 1. Data collection and estimates of economic parameters

More information

Questions. denotes answer available in Student Solutions Manual/Study Guide; O denotes objective question

Questions. denotes answer available in Student Solutions Manual/Study Guide; O denotes objective question Questions 407 Questions denotes answer available in Student Solutions Manual/Study Guide; O denotes objective question 1. O Figure Q14.1 sows aerial views from directly above two dams. Bot dams are equally

More information

AITC TECHNICAL NOTE 19 GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATION OF HOLES AND NOTCHES IN STRUCTURAL GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER BEAMS (July 2012)

AITC TECHNICAL NOTE 19 GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATION OF HOLES AND NOTCHES IN STRUCTURAL GLUED LAMINATED TIMBER BEAMS (July 2012) AIT TEHNIAL NOTE 19 GUIDELINES OR EVALUATION O HOLES AND NOTHES IN STRUTURAL GLUED LAINATED TIBER BEAS (Jly 01) AERIAN INSTITUTE O TIBER ONSTRUTION 701 S. Reere Parkway Site 140 entennial, O 8011 Pone

More information

To find the volume of a pyramid and of a cone

To find the volume of a pyramid and of a cone - Volumes of Pyramids and Cones Common Core State Standards G-GMD.A. Use volume formulas for... pyramids, cones... to solve problems. G-MG.A. Use geometric sapes, teir measures, and teir properties to

More information

THE REDESIGNED CANADIAN MONTHLY WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE SURVEY: A POSTMORTEM OF THE IMPLEMENTATION

THE REDESIGNED CANADIAN MONTHLY WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE SURVEY: A POSTMORTEM OF THE IMPLEMENTATION ASA Section on Survey Researc Metods THE REDESIGNED CANADIAN MONTHLY WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE SURVEY: A POSTMORTEM OF THE IMPLEMENTATION Julie Trépanier, Statistics Canada Julie Trépanier, Business Survey

More information

FIRST COMPARISON OF REMOTE CESIUM FOUNTAINS

FIRST COMPARISON OF REMOTE CESIUM FOUNTAINS 2001 EEE nternational Frequency Control Symposium and PDA Exibition FRST COMPARSON OF REMOTE CESUM FOUNTANS T. Parker*, P. Hetzel', S. Jefferts*, S. Weyers', L. Nelson", A. Bauc', J. Levine* *National

More information

We Protect Your Yarn Like No One Else

We Protect Your Yarn Like No One Else FOR FURTHER INFORMATION VISIT WWW.SPINCAN.NET We Protect Your Yarn Like No One Else SPINCAN MANUFACTURING COMPANY REGD OFFICE Sakespeare Sarani, Century Towers, Room no. 501 Kolkata 700 017, India PHONE

More information

VWT Italia - Ver. GB 2.0 Rif. FM 1186

VWT Italia - Ver. GB 2.0 Rif. FM 1186 VWT Italia - Ver. GB 2.0 Rif. FM 1186 1 Tecnical caracteristics Nominal production capacity of distillate wit water: Available versions: (selection dependent on corrosion resistance) Electrical equipment:

More information

Bribery and Favoritism by Auctioneers in Sealed-Bid Auctions

Bribery and Favoritism by Auctioneers in Sealed-Bid Auctions Bribery an Favoritism by Auctioneers in Seale-Bi Auctions Roberto Burguet an Martin K. Perry Abstract We consier a moel of bribery in an asymmetric procurement auction. In return for a bribe from te isonest

More information

This appendix tabulates results summarized in Section IV of our paper, and also reports the results of additional tests.

This appendix tabulates results summarized in Section IV of our paper, and also reports the results of additional tests. Internet Appendix for Mutual Fund Trading Pressure: Firm-level Stock Price Impact and Timing of SEOs, by Mozaffar Khan, Leonid Kogan and George Serafeim. * This appendix tabulates results summarized in

More information

AWRI Refrigeration Demand Calculator

AWRI Refrigeration Demand Calculator AWRI Refrigeration Demand Calculator Resources and expertise are readily available to wine producers to manage efficient refrigeration supply and plant capacity. However, efficient management of winery

More information

Analysis on horizontal bearing capacity based on catastrophe theory of anti-slide micropiles

Analysis on horizontal bearing capacity based on catastrophe theory of anti-slide micropiles Vietrock15 an ISRM specialized conference Vietrock15 1-13Marc 15, Hanoi, Vietnam Analysis on orizontal bearing capacity based on catastrope teory of anti-slide micropiles YimingXiang a *, Wanxue Long a

More information

Gasoline Empirical Analysis: Competition Bureau March 2005

Gasoline Empirical Analysis: Competition Bureau March 2005 Gasoline Empirical Analysis: Update of Four Elements of the January 2001 Conference Board study: "The Final Fifteen Feet of Hose: The Canadian Gasoline Industry in the Year 2000" Competition Bureau March

More information

Ergon Energy Corporation Limited 21 July 2010

Ergon Energy Corporation Limited 21 July 2010 Ergon Energy Corporation Limited 21 July 2010 Disclaimer While care was taken in preparation of the information in this discussion paper, and it is provided in good faith, Ergon Energy Corporation Limited

More information

APPENDIX C2: Design of Canard Aircraft

APPENDIX C2: Design of Canard Aircraft APPENDIX 2: Design of anard Aircraft Tis appendix is a part of te book General Aviation Aircraft Design: Applied Metods and Procedures by norri Gudundsson, publised by Elsevier, Inc. Te book is available

More information

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Gestoden/Ethinylestradiol 75/20 Stragen Gestoden/Ethinylestradiol 75/30 Stragen

Public Assessment Report. Scientific discussion. Gestoden/Ethinylestradiol 75/20 Stragen Gestoden/Ethinylestradiol 75/30 Stragen Public Assessment Report Scientific discussion Gestoden/Etinylestradiol 75/20 Stragen Gestoden/Etinylestradiol 75/30 Stragen 75/20 micg and 75/30 micg coated tablets Gestodene/Etinylestradiol DK/H/1149/001-002/DC

More information

Goal: Measure the pump curve(s)

Goal: Measure the pump curve(s) Pump Performance Tes;ng Goal: Measure te pump curve(s) Head versus flow rate: Efficiency versus flow rate: Maximum ead at = 0 Maximum flow rate at = 0 η η = 0 wen = 0 and = 0 Maximum efficiency Pump tes;ng

More information

Dimitrios Krontsos Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Greece Thessaloniki 57400, Greece

Dimitrios Krontsos Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Greece Thessaloniki 57400, Greece Neural Network for Fault Detection and Isolation of te Tree-Tank System Panagiotis Tzionas Tecnological Educational Institute of Tessaloniki, Greece Tessaloniki 574, Greece tzionas@teite.gr Dimitrios Krontsos

More information

234 The National Strategies Secondary Mathematics exemplification: Y7

234 The National Strategies Secondary Mathematics exemplification: Y7 234 Te National Strategies Secondary Matematics exemplification: Y7 Pupils sould learn to: Deduce and use formulae to calculate lengts, perimeters, areas and volumes in 2-D and 3-D sapes As outcomes, Year

More information

EXTERNAL SHOCKS AND POVERTY: HOW RECESSION IN EUROPE, JAPAN, AND CHINA AFFECTS THE INDONESIAN POOR

EXTERNAL SHOCKS AND POVERTY: HOW RECESSION IN EUROPE, JAPAN, AND CHINA AFFECTS THE INDONESIAN POOR External Socks And Poverty: How Recession In Europe, Japan, and Cina Affects Te Indonesian Poor 207 EXTERNAL SHOCKS AND POVERTY: HOW RECESSION IN EUROPE, JAPAN, AND CHINA AFFECTS THE INDONESIAN POOR Arief

More information

2<

2< 2< 27 **Applicable to RAS-10,13,18,22,24N3KCV/N3ACV Series touch Comfort & Health Your health is our main concern Today, more and more, we spend time in the air conditioned room, either in the office

More information

Conjoint Analysis: A Study of Canned Coffee in Taiwan

Conjoint Analysis: A Study of Canned Coffee in Taiwan 238 ICSNS International ournal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.8 No.8, August 2008 Conoint Analysis: A Study of Canned Coffee in aiwan Meng-Long Si 1, Cen-Yin Liu 2, Biing-Wen Huang 3, Souua

More information

Operating the Rancilio Silvia after PID kit modification Version 1.1

Operating the Rancilio Silvia after PID kit modification Version 1.1 Operating the Rancilio Silvia after PID kit modification Version 1.1 When the machine is turned on, the controller will display the boiler temperature in the machine. The temperature reading will start

More information

TYPHOON INNOVATION HI-TECH FOOD EQUIPMENT OUR TARGET IS QUALITY OF YOUR PRODUCTS. Krutin Alexander

TYPHOON INNOVATION HI-TECH FOOD EQUIPMENT OUR TARGET IS QUALITY OF YOUR PRODUCTS. Krutin Alexander www.typhoon-r.com TYPHOON INNOVATION HI-TECH FOOD EQUIPMENT OUR TARGET IS QUALITY OF YOUR PRODUCTS. The largest food industry equipment manufacturer in Southern Russia. Typhoon-Innovation has been manufacturing

More information

INTRODUCTION TO CUSTOM FABRICATED STRAINERS

INTRODUCTION TO CUSTOM FABRICATED STRAINERS INTRODUCTION TO CUSTOM FABRICATED STRAINERS Nothing Too Big, Too Small or Too Special When unwanted solid material has to be removed from flowing fluids in order to protect equipment, a HAYWARD Strainer

More information

Do Regional Trade Pacts Benefit the Poor?

Do Regional Trade Pacts Benefit the Poor? Public Disclosure Autorized Public Disclosure Autorized Public Disclosure Autorized Public Disclosure Autorized Do Regional Trade Pacts Benefit te Poor? An Illustration from te Dominican Republic-Central

More information

4.2 Using Similar Shapes

4.2 Using Similar Shapes LESSON 4.2 Using Similar Sapes Proportionalit 7.5. Generalize te critical attributes of similarit, including ratios witin and between similar sapes. ESSENTIL QUESTION How can ou use similar sapes to find

More information

p x The revenue function is 5. What is the maximum vertical distance between the line

p x The revenue function is 5. What is the maximum vertical distance between the line SETION 4.7 OTIMIZTION ROLEMS 331 and Ris called te revenue function. Te derivative R of te revenue function is called te marginal revenue function and is te rate of cange of revenue wit respect to te numer

More information

Commercial Ovens. trimarkusa.com

Commercial Ovens. trimarkusa.com Commercial Ovens When purchasing the ideal oven to fit your needs, focus on features that will efficiently and consistently produce the quality food your guests will enjoy. trimarkusa.com info@trimarkusa.com

More information

Using tree-grammars for training set expansion in page classification

Using tree-grammars for training set expansion in page classification Using tree-grammars for training set expansion in page classification Stefano Baldi Simone Marinai Gioanni Soda DSI - Uniersity of Florence - Italy Email: marinai@dsi.unifi.it Abstract In tis paper we

More information

Managing Measurement Uncertainty in Building Acoustics

Managing Measurement Uncertainty in Building Acoustics Buildings 2015, 5, 1389-1413; doi: 10.3390/buildings5041389 Article OPEN ACCESS buildings ISSN 2075-5309 www.mdpi.com/journal/buildings/ Managing Measurement Uncertainty in Building Acoustics Ciara Scrosati

More information

Characteristics and dead-time of GM-tube

Characteristics and dead-time of GM-tube Caracteristics ad dead-time of GM-tube GM-tubes are te most popular gas ioizatio detectors for te measuremet of - ad -radiatio. Gas ioizatio detectors ave tree types: ioizatio cambers, proportioal couters

More information

Chapter 3. Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model. Pearson Education Limited All rights reserved.

Chapter 3. Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model. Pearson Education Limited All rights reserved. Chapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model 1-1 Preview Opportunity costs and comparative advantage A one-factor Ricardian model Production possibilities Gains from trade

More information

Background. Sample design

Background. Sample design Background Te National Statistics Centre (NSC) of te Lao Peoples Democratic Republic as conducted tree expenditure and consumption surveys in te last decade. Te first Lao Expenditure and Consumption Survey

More information

Gluten Index. Application & Method. Measure Gluten Quantity and Quality

Gluten Index. Application & Method. Measure Gluten Quantity and Quality Gluten Index Application & Method Wheat & Flour Dough Bread Pasta Measure Gluten Quantity and Quality GI The World Standard Gluten Tes t Gluten Index: AACC/No. 38-12.02 ICC/No. 155&158 Wet Gluten Content:

More information

Automatic proofers. Member of the

Automatic proofers. Member of the Automatic proofers Member of the MCS Automatic proofers Automatic proofers Over the last 30 years MCS has developed a unique and specific competence in designing and manufacturing automatic industrial

More information

Chapter 3. Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model

Chapter 3. Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model Chapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model Preview Opportunity costs and comparative advantage A one-factor Ricardian model Production possibilities Gains from trade Wages

More information

Preview. Chapter 3. Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model

Preview. Chapter 3. Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model Chapter 3 Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model Preview Opportunity costs and comparative advantage A one-factor Ricardian model Production possibilities Gains from trade Wages

More information

Is urban food demand in the Philippines different from China?

Is urban food demand in the Philippines different from China? Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge at Singapore Management University Researc Collection Scool Of Economics Scool of Economics 0-04 Is urban food demand in te Pilippines different

More information

Bribery and Favoritism by Auctioneers in Sealed-Bid Auctions

Bribery and Favoritism by Auctioneers in Sealed-Bid Auctions Bribery an Favoritism by Auctioneers in Seale-Bi Auctions Roberto Burguet Institute for Economic Analysis (CSIC) an CREA Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain 08193 Martin K. Perry * Department of Economics

More information

Processing of Pasteurized Market Milk

Processing of Pasteurized Market Milk Processing of Pasteurized Market Milk Depending on legislations and regulations, the design of the process line for pasteurized market milk varies a great deal from country to country and even from dairy

More information

Better air. Leading the new era in air conditioning

Better air. Leading the new era in air conditioning Better air Leading the new era in air conditioning 3 Inverter Technology & Energy Saving No Ozone Depletion Quiet Comfort Powerful Energy Saving Comfort & Health Hi Power Hi Power mode makes your

More information

Wine Preparation. Nate Starbard Gusmer Enterprises Davison Winery Supplies August, 2017

Wine Preparation. Nate Starbard Gusmer Enterprises Davison Winery Supplies August, 2017 Wine Preparation Nate Starbard Gusmer Enterprises Davison Winery Supplies August, 2017 Contents Intro Clarification methods Sheets, Lenticulars, Crossflow Final influences of filterability Filterability

More information

Annex 16. Methodological Tool. Tool to determine project emissions from flaring gases containing methane

Annex 16. Methodological Tool. Tool to determine project emissions from flaring gases containing methane CDM Met Panel Twenty-fourt meeting Page 1 Metodological Tool Tool to determine project emissions from flaring es containing metane I. DEFINITIONS, SCOPE, APPLICABILITY AND PARAMETERS Definitions For te

More information

Competence always goes down well

Competence always goes down well Kossik Filtertecnik GmbH Daimlerstraße 15-17 D-63110 Rodgau Tel: 06106-77308-0 Fax: 06106-77308-20 E-Mail: Kossik@t-online.de Internet: www.kossik.de Competence always goes down well Tank you for your

More information

The household budget and expenditure data collection module (IOF 2014/2015) within a continuous multipurpose survey system (INCAF)

The household budget and expenditure data collection module (IOF 2014/2015) within a continuous multipurpose survey system (INCAF) MZ:2014:08 Te ouseold budget and expenditure data collection module (IOF 2014/2015) witin a continuous multipurpose survey system (INCAF) Report from a fift sort term mission to te National Statistical

More information