Deep Percolation from Surface Irrigated Water Intensive Crop Fields
|
|
- Homer McCoy
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE Deep Percolation from Surface Irrigated Water Intensive Crop Fields By K.S., Hari Prasad (CED, IIT Roorkee, India) Hatiye, Samuel D. (WRIE, Ethiopia) C.S.P. Ojha (CED, IIT Roorkee, India)
2 Presentation Outline Introduction The problem/concern Objective of the study Literature Methods and materials Experimental Works Mathematical modelling Results and Discussions Conclusion Scope for future work 2
3 Introduction Fresh water is mainly consumed for the purposes of agricultural, domestic and industrial water needs. Agriculture is by far the largest consumer of fresh water of the globe; that is, water put to irrigate a cropland to produce crops. Mainly in developing countries, More than 80% of fresh water withdrawals goes for agricultural water input (FAO, 2004). 3
4 Introduction... Due to limitation in resources, surface methods of irrigation are usually practiced in developing countries. In particular, flooding way of water application is implemented in water intensive crops such as paddy(rice) and berseem fodder crops. Large areas are in paddy and berseem cultivation in many parts of the world, on the other hand. 4
5 Introduction... Rice is a staple food grain for nearly half of the world population. Paddy field is a major/largest consumer of water in the irrigated agriculture. 5
6 Introduction... There is also an increasing demand for berseem fodder production due to increasing demand for dairy products. Berseem also needs frequent irrigation due to its shallow root depth. But the resource base (water) is limited. Less supply????? More demand. 6
7 Introduction In agricultural water use, processes such as Deep percolation, seepage, evaporation and runoff are taken as unproductive water losses. Deep percolation refers to the water that flows beyond the crop root zone of a given crop (Wang et al., 2012; Bethune et al., 2008; Ma et al., 2013; Huang et al, 2003).
8 Problem Statement Deep percolation phenomena from frequently irrigated fields such as paddy and berseem fields seriously diminishes irrigation efficiency, jeopardise proper water management and minimize water productivity. Further it can cause environmental havoc by carrying agricultural based residues and chemicals (surface and/or groundwater pollution). Groundwater level rise and hence water logging and secondary salinization.
9 Problem Statement. Specifically, deep percolation from water intensive crops in relatively permeable soils needs more attention. Most available studies deal with deep percolation under puddled root zone conditions and ignoring the un-puddled field situations where most farmers practice irrigating their paddy and berseem.
10 Problem Statement... So far ( The Gap) Very few studies were conducted on deep percolation from paddy and berseem fields covering different regimes of water application and employing drainage type lysimeters. Only little understanding about deep percolation under unpuddled field conditions and different seasons exits. 10
11 Objective of the Study The main objective of the present study is to estimate deep percolation from surface irrigated water intensive crops such as paddy and berseem fodder fields using the water balance and physically based models while employing drainage type lysimeters. 11
12 Materials and Methods Experimental Program Laboratory Experiments (Soil physical and hydraulic) Field Experiments(Soil, crop, irrigation monitoring) Deep Percolation Estimation Models Water balance Model Physically based Model 12
13 Simple Water Balance Model Spatially lumped (root zone) and temporally distributed has been used (Allen et al., 1998; Ochoa et al. 2007; Abrahaoa et. al, 2011). ( P + I + SP i n + GW ) ( RO + DP ET S where P is precipitation, I is Irrigation, SP in and SP ot are seepage/lateral inflow and outflow respectively from the root zone, GW is the capillary rise from groundwater, RO is surface runoff, DP is deep percolation, ET is evapotranspiration and S is change in soil water storage. + + SP ot ) = 13
14 Physically Based Model The one dimensional Richards (1931) Equation (Liu et al., 2014; Tan et al., 2014) as used in HYDRUS- 1D package is (Simunek et al. 1998): = KK(ΨΨ) + (ΨΨ) SS(zz, tt) where θ is the moisture content, ΨΨ is the pressure head, z is the vertical coordinate usually taken positive upwards, t is the time coordinate, K is the hydraulic conductivity of the soil and S(z,t) is the sink term representing root water uptake. 14
15 ΘΘ = 1 1+ αα v ΨΨ nn v Constitutive Relationships θθ ΨΨ Relationship:- mm for ΨΨ 0 1 for ΨΨ > 0 ΘΘ = θθ θθ r θθ s θθ r where αα v and nn v are unsaturated soil parameters with m = 1 (1/nn v ) for nn v > 1 ; and ΘΘ is the effective saturation defined as where θθ s = Saturated moisture content; and θθ r = Residual moisture content of the soil. K -θθ Relationship:- mm 2 KK θθ = KK satt ΘΘ ΘΘ 1 mm for ΘΘ < 1 = KK sat for ΘΘ = 1 where KK sat is saturated hydraulic conductivity 15
16 Experimental Program Laboratory Experiments Laboratory experiments consisting of determination of soil, crop and soil hydraulic parameters were conducted. These include: Soil bulk and particle density, soil texture and soil hydraulic characteristics. These are presented in the following slides. 16
17 Experimental Program... Laboratory Experiments ρ b = M V t s n =1 ρ ρ b d ρ d = M V s s 17
18 Experimental Program... Laboratory Experiments 18
19 Experimental Program... Laboratory Experiments Sample 1(0-30cm) sample 2 (30-60cm) sample 3(60-80cm) sample 4( cm) sample 5( cm) Average Grain Size Distirbution Curve Grain Size Boundary According To ASTM colloids clay Silt Sand Grain size (mm) Percent Finer, %
20 Experimental Program... Laboratory Experiments Sample No Depth (Below GL),cm Percent Sand (%) Percent silt (%) Percent Clay (%) Soil Class (USDA) Sandy Loam Sandy Loam Sandy Loam Sandy Loam Sandy Loam Average 0-140cm Sandy Loam 20
21 Experimental Program... Laboratory Experiments Depth below ground level (cm) Bulk density (g/cm 3 ) Particle density (g/cm 3 ) Sand (%) Silt (%) Clay (%) Soil Class (USDA) Porosity Sandy Loam Sandy Loam Sandy Loam Sandy Loam Sandy Loam
22 The picture can't be displayed. Experimental Program... Laboratory Experiments Pressure Plate Experiment 22
23 Experimental Program... Laboratory Experiments Pressure Plate Experiment Suction Water Content (%) Pressure (cm) Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample moisture content (-) Observed (0-30 cm) van Genuchten (0-30 cm) Observed (30-60) cm van Genuchten (30-60) Observed(60-80) cm van Genuchten(60-80 cm) Observed(80-100) cm van Genuchten ( cm) Observed ( cm) van Genuchten cm Suction pressure head(-ψ, cm) 23
24 Experimental Program... Laboratory Experiments Pressure Plate Experiment Soil Hydraulic Parameters Depth (cm) θ r θ s α (1/cm) n R Average Standard deviation
25 Study site and Field experimental set up 25
26 Study site and experimental set up 26
27 Field preparation and Lysimeters 27
28 Transplanting paddy and sowing Berseem crops 28
29 Crop Growth stages and Irrigation 29
30 Crop Growth stages and Harvest 30
31 Crop Parameters Crop Parameters including Root depth, crop height and leaf area index (LAI) were monitored in each of the crop seasons. Root depth and crop Height were monitored using simple tape measurement for randomly selected crops and locations and the measurement values were averaged. LAI was monitored using L-80 ceptometer (leaf area monitoring device in field). 31
32 Root Depth 60 Root Depth(cm) paddy rice (season-1) paddy rice (season-2) berseem fodder(season-1) berseem fodder(season- 2) Number of days after transplanting/sowing) 32
33 Crop Height 1.6 Crop height (m) Paddy Rice (Season-1) Paddy rice (sesaon-2) Number of days after transplanting Crop height (m) Berseem fodder(season-1) Berseem fodder (sesaon-2) Number of days after sowing 33
34 Leaf Area Index LAI (m 2 /m 2 ) Paddy Rice (Season-1) Paddy rice (sesaon-2) Number of days after transplanting LAI(m 2 /m 2 ) Berseem fodder(season-1) Berseem fodder (sesaon-2) Number of days after sowing 34
35 Deep percolation Monitoring Using Field Lysimeters 35
36 Soil Moisture Monitoring Using Profile Probe (PR2/6) 36
37 Saturated soil Hydraulic Conductivity Using Guelph Permeameter 37
38 Crop Yield 38
39 Climatic Data The climatic data needed for the current study has been obtained from the nearby stations (800 m distance from the experimental station). The climatic variables are: Rainfall, Maximum and Minimum Temperature, Wind velocity, Relative Humidity and Sunshine hours all for daily time step. NIH and Department of Hydrology. 39
40 Results The Water Balance Model has a bit modified and used DP i nl = ( θ θ j= 1 i 1 i ) j where DP [L]= Deep percolation of water moving below the root zone; θ= is the volumetric soil moisture content (%); P[L] = rainfall; I [L]= applied irrigation; ET a [L]= actual evapotranspiration; R [L]= surface runoff, i and i-1 are, respectively, the current and previous time steps; j is an index for root zone layer and nl is the number layers. + P i + I i ET ai R i 40
41 Deep percolation (mm) Measured DP Computed DP /12/ /01/ /02/ /03/ /04/ /05/2014 (a) Growing dates Deep percolation (mm) Measured DP Computed DP /11/ /12/ /01/ /02/ /03/ /04/2015 (b) Growing dates Fig. 6. Computed and measured deep percolation on daily time step in lysimetre 1 in berseem season 1 (a) and 1 in berseem season 2 (b) 41
42 Deep percolation (mm) (a) /12/ /01/ /02/ /03/ /04/2014 Growing dates Measured DP Computed DP Deep percolation (mm) (b) Measured DP Computed DP -5 25/11/ /12/ /01/ /02/ /03/2015 Growing dates Fig. Computed and measured deep percolation with lumped time steps in lysimetre 1 in berseem season 1 (a) and in berseem season 2 (b) 42
43 In general: The performance of the simple water balance model is poor for daily time step while it performs well on the longer time step (lumped time step)as depicted in the above figures. 43
44 The Physically based model results: Calibration Deep percolation (mm) (a) Measured DP Computed DP 0 20/07/ /08/ /08/ /09/ /10/ /10/2013 Growing dates 50 Measured DP 40 Computed DP Deep percolation (mm) /12/ /01/ /02/ /03/ /04/2014 (b) Growing dates Measured and model predicted deep percolation in lysimetre 1 for rice season 1 (a) berseem season 1(b) 44
45 The physically based model performs well on daily as well as lumped time steps. Although, both models perform well on lumped time steps (weekly bases in this study), the physically based model performs superior than the simple water balance model. However, the benefit is compensated for large input data requirement in the case of physically based model. 45
46 Soil moisture content To verify the efficacy of the physically based model, computed soil moisture contents (obtained after calibration of the model using deep percolation data) and observed soil moisture contents were compared. The comparison yielded good results, although some discrepancy in estimating SWC by the model has been observed. 46
47 Water Productivity The water productivity (water use efficiency) of the crop is determined to evaluate the effect of water saving on crop yield. It can be expressed by following equations (Li et al. 2014; Sudhir-Yadav et al. 2011; Michael 2005): WWWW EEEEaa = YY EEEE aa WWWW II = YY II WWWW II+PP = YY II + PP where, WP ETa = water productivity based on evapotranspiration (Kg.m -3 ) Y = actual crop yield (Kg) ET a = actual evapotranspiration (m 3 ) WP I = water productivity based on irrigation input (Kg.m -3 ) I = irrigation input (m 3 ) WP I+P = water productivity based on total water input (Kg.m -3 )
48 Crop yield and water productivity indices for paddy (grain yield) Paddy season 1 Plot ID A11 A12 A13 A14 L2 L1 Average Yield (kg/ha) ET a (mm) I (mm) I+P(mm) WP ETa (Kg/m 3 ) WP I (Kg/m 3 ) WP (I+P) (Kg/m 3 ) Paddy season 2 Yield (kg/ha) ET a (mm) I (mm) I+P(mm) WP ETa (Kg/m 3 ) WP I (Kg/m 3 ) WP (I+P) (Kg/m 3 ) Yield decrease (%)
49 Crop yield and water productivity indices for berseem (green forage) Berseem season 1 Plot ID/Lysimeter A11 A12 A13 A14 L2 L1 Average Yield (kg/ha) ET a (mm) I (mm) I+P(mm) WP ETa (Kg/m 3 ) WP I (Kg/m 3 ) WP (I+P) (Kg/m 3 ) Berseem season 2 Yield (kg/ha) ET a (mm) I (mm) I+P(mm) WP ETa (Kg/m 3 ) WP I (Kg/m 3 )
50 Conclusions Deep percolation computed using the water balance model on daily time step do not agree with field observed deep percolation for both crop seasons and lysimeters. However, the model predicts deep percolation very well on lumped time steps. Therefore, accurate estimation of deep percolation can be made on lumped time steps using simple water balance model. Physically based model, unlike the water balance model, predicts the deep percolation very well on daily time step. Both models predict DP very well on lumped time steps. 50
51 Conclusions The amount of deep percolation in both crop seasons is large. Deep percolation values ranging from 82 to 87% of input water has been lost through deep percolation in paddy season 1. In paddy season 2, deep percolation was 77-80% of the overall input water. In berseem season 1, the field observed deep percolation was 62-67% of input water while it has been reduced to 42-52% of input water in the berseem season 2. Increasing input water increases DP. 51
52 Conclusions Locally constructed drainage type lysimeters are demonstrated to be robust enough in capturing deep percolation from the bottom of crop root zones. The lysimeters were responding well to the imposed irrigation and rainfall events in the growing seasons of paddy and berseem crops subjected to varying regimes of water application. The lysimeters were also depicted the phenomena of preferential flow transport, distinguished the difference between daily and nocturnal deep percolation values. 52
53 Conclusions Simulations using physically based model also showed a visible association between the observed and model simulated soil moisture content in the soil profile. The performance of the physically based model shows that the model performs comparatively better for wet season than the dry season. 53
54 Conclusions The values of saturated hydraulic conductivity near soil surface is large. This would be attributed to root profile, the activities of soil fauna and soil cracking near the soil surface. It is possible to reduce deep percolation without the implementation of puddling practice in particularly in paddy fields and achieve large saving in input water by employing alternative irrigation scheduling strategy. 54
55 Conclusions Large saving in input water has been achieved with nominal yield decrease by employing alternative irrigation scheduling strategy during both crop seasons. Irrigation water saving on the other hand ranges from approximately 65% to 74% of the typical existing irrigation application for the rice crop in the region. On the other hand, in the berseem season input water saving ranging from 47% to 62% has been achieved. Irrigation water saving in the order of 66% to 88% of the conventional approach in berseem has been attained. 55
56 Conclusions There was yield reduction due to the reduced application of irrigation. However, the water productivity has been increased. Therefore, it can also be concluded that increased water productivity in a given field can be realized by altering an irrigation scheduling strategy. 56
57 Scope of Future Work The current study was limited to few number of experimental trials. Large trial experiments may be needed to asses an optimum irrigation scheduling strategy which would reduce DP and provide optimum water productivity for a given cropping condition. The current work may be extended to other soil types for the rice, berseem and other cropping conditions to quantify and investigate deep percolation characteristics. 57
58 Scope of Future Work In the current study due consideration is given for single porosity model, assuming matrix flow conditions. Future works may also consider macropore flow conditions. The effect of other variables (crop variety, agronomic conditions, climatic conditions etc...) on crop yield may be investigated in future. The locally constructed drainage type lysimeters play an important role in monitoring deep percolation. These types of lysimeters may be constructed elsewhere to study groundwater recharge, solute transport etc. 58
59 Thank You ध व द
Measurement of vertical water percolation through different soil textures of paddy field during rice growth season
Journal of Science (JOS) ISSN 34-9854 344 Vol. 4, No., 05, Pages: 344-349 Copyright World Science Publisher, United States www.worldsciencepublisher.org Measurement of vertical water percolation through
More informationJoseph G. Alfieri 1, William P. Kustas 1, John H. Prueger 2, Lynn G. McKee 1, Feng Gao 1 Lawrence E. Hipps 3, Sebastian Los 3
Joseph G. Alfieri 1, William P. Kustas 1, John H. Prueger 2, Lynn G. McKee 1, Feng Gao 1 Lawrence E. Hipps 3, Sebastian Los 3 1 USDA, ARS, Hydrology & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville MD 2 USDA,ARS, National
More informationField water balance of final landfill covers: The USEPA s Alternative Cover Assessment Program (ACAP)
Field water balance of final landfill covers: The USEPA s Alternative Cover Assessment Program (ACAP) William H. Albright Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada and Craig H. Benson University
More informationPlant root activity is limited to the soil bulbs Does not require technical expertise to. wetted by the water bottle emitter implement
Case Study Bottle Drip Irrigation Case Study Background Data Tool Category: Adaptation on the farm Variety: Robusta Climatic Hazard: Prolonged dry spells and high temperatures Expected Outcome: Improved
More informationEffect of Sowing Time on Growth and Yield of Sweet Corn Cultivars
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 4 (2017) pp. 777-782 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.604.097
More informationBig Data and the Productivity Challenge for Wine Grapes. Nick Dokoozlian Agricultural Outlook Forum February
Big Data and the Productivity Challenge for Wine Grapes Nick Dokoozlian Agricultural Outlook Forum February 2016 0 Big Data and the Productivity Challenge for Wine Grapes Outline Current production challenges
More informationUsing Less Water and Liking It
Using Less Water and Liking It Vineyard Water Conservation Demo Project Mark Greenspan, Ph.D. Advanced Viticulture, LLC www.advancedvit.com Copyright Advanced Viticulture, LLC www.advancedvit.com Irrigation
More informationSPLENDID SOIL (1 Hour) Addresses NGSS Level of Difficulty: 2 Grade Range: K-2
(1 Hour) Addresses NGSS Level of Difficulty: 2 Grade Range: K-2 OVERVIEW In this activity, students will examine the physical characteristics of materials that make up soil. Then, they will observe the
More informationDrought in Northern Mexico by Andrea Munoz-Hernandez
Drought in Northern Mexico by Andrea Munoz-Hernandez Objective and Tasks The objective of this presentation is to perform a brief overview of the impacts of drought during the late twentieth century and
More informationAMINOFIT.Xtra, SOME TEST RESULTS
FRUITS WALNUT CHERRY PLUM PEAR APPLE STRAWBERRY VEGETABLES ORNAMENTALS, SOME TEST RESULTS POTATO ONION TOMATO MELON LETTUCE BERMUDA GRASS ORCHID PELARGONIUM CHRYSANTHEMUM on WALNUT (Australia 23) DO YOU
More informationEffect of SPT Hammer Energy Efficiency in the Bearing Capacity Evaluation in Sands
Proceedings of the 2 nd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering (CSEE 17) Barcelona, Spain April 2 4, 2017 Paper No. ICGRE 123 ISSN: 2371-5294 DOI: 10.11159/icgre17.123 Effect
More informationRegression Models for Saffron Yields in Iran
Regression Models for Saffron ields in Iran Sanaeinejad, S.H., Hosseini, S.N 1 Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran sanaei_h@yahoo.co.uk, nasir_nbm@yahoo.com, Abstract: Saffron
More informationCoffee weather report November 10, 2017.
Coffee weather report November 10, 2017. awhere, Inc., an agricultural intelligence company, is pleased to provide this map-and-chart heavy report focused on the current coffee crop in Brazil. Global stocks
More informationChapter 3 Microcatchment water harvesting systems for fruit trees and shrubs
Chapter 3 Microcatchment water harvesting systems for fruit trees and shrubs 55 Chapter 3: Microcatchment water harvesting systems for different fruit trees and shrubs B. A. Snobar, T. Oweis and H. Nofal
More informationINFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT - Wine evaporation from barrels By Richard M. Blazer, Enologist Sterling Vineyards Calistoga, CA
INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT - Wine evaporation from barrels By Richard M. Blazer, Enologist Sterling Vineyards Calistoga, CA Sterling Vineyards stores barrels of wine in both an air-conditioned, unheated,
More informationStructural optimal design of grape rain shed
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 31 (2012) 751 755 International Conference on Advances in Computational Modeling and Simulation Structural optimal design of grape rain shed
More informationColorado State University Viticulture and Enology. Grapevine Cold Hardiness
Colorado State University Viticulture and Enology Grapevine Cold Hardiness Grapevine cold hardiness is dependent on multiple independent variables such as variety and clone, shoot vigor, previous season
More informationGLOSSARY Last Updated: 10/17/ KL. Terms and Definitions
GLOSSARY Last Updated: 10/17/2017 - KL Terms and Definitions Spacing 4ETa Zone(s) Background Drill Elevation Climate Soil Ecoregion 4 Recommended base spacing between containerized, cutting, plug or sprig
More informationComposition and Value of Loin Primals
Composition and Value of Loin Primals Tom J. Baas, Ph.D. Iowa State University Pork producers today are interested in adding value over and above traditional commodity markets to the hogs they produce
More informationHealthy Soils for a Sustainable Viticulture John Reganold
Healthy Soils for a Sustainable Viticulture John Reganold Department of Crop & Soil Sciences Pullman, W Sustainable Viticulture Economically viable Environmentally sound Socially responsible QuickTime
More informationVibration Damage to Kiwifruits during Road Transportation
International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Technology. ISSN 2249-3050, Volume 4, Number 5 (2013), pp. 467-474 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ ijafst.htm Vibration Damage
More informationARIMNet2 Young Researchers Seminar
ARIMNet2 Young Researchers Seminar How to better involve end-users throughout the research process to foster innovation-driven research for a sustainable Mediterranean agriculture at the farm and local
More informationPERFORMANCE OF FOUR FORAGE TURNIP VARIETIES AT MADRAS, OREGON, J. Loren Nelson '
PERFORMANCE OF FOUR FORAGE TURNIP VARIETIES AT MADRAS, OREGON, 1986-1987 J. Loren Nelson ' ABSTRACT Forage turnips (cv. Purple Top, Rondo, Forage Star, Barive) were evaluated at the Madras site of the
More informationEffect of Rice Husk on Soil Properties
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-067X, p-issn: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 9, Issue 11 (February 2014), PP.44-49 Effect of Rice Husk on Soil Properties Anniamma
More informationHigh Yield, Long Storage.The Golden Combination!
Who we are Hazera Committed to growing together Hazera is a global leader in the seed industry. Hazera brings expertise commitment and support, combining decades of experience with state-of-the-art technology.
More informationINFLUENCE OF SEED VIGOUR ON CROP GROWTH AND YIELD OF BSH-1 HYBRID SUNFLOWER UNDER NORMAL AND COMPENSATED SEED RATES
INFLUENCE OF SEED VIGOUR ON CROP GROWTH AND YIELD OF BSH-1 HYBRID SUNFLOWER UNDER NORMAL AND COMPENSATED SEED RATES V.P. Kalappa, K. Somasekhara and P. Balakrishna University of Agricultural Sciences,
More informationOUTLINE Plan of the talk. Introduction Vineyards are variable in space The efficient vineyard project. The field site in Sonoma Results
UCCE Sonoma County Grape Day February 8, 2017 Assessing variability in the vineyard through a spatially explicit selective-harvest approach A case study in Sonoma L. Brillante, A. Beebee, R. Yu, J. Martinez,
More informationLecture 12: In Situ Air Sparging and Vacuum Extraction
ENGI 7718 Environmental Geotechniques ENGI 9621 Soil Remediation Engineering Lecture 12: In Situ Air Sparging and Vacuum Extraction Spring 2011 Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science 1 12.1 Introduction
More informationCoffee and climate change. Effectively guiding forward looking climate change adaptation of global coffee supply chains
Coffee and climate change Effectively guiding forward looking climate change adaptation of global coffee supply chains The future of coffee production The future of coffee production Picture: N. Palmer
More information1. Continuing the development and validation of mobile sensors. 3. Identifying and establishing variable rate management field trials
Project Overview The overall goal of this project is to deliver the tools, techniques, and information for spatial data driven variable rate management in commercial vineyards. Identified 2016 Needs: 1.
More informationIMPOSING WATER DEFICITS TO IMPROVE WINE QUALITY AND REDUCE COSTS
IMPOSING WATER DEFICITS TO IMPROVE WINE QUALITY AND REDUCE COSTS Terry L. Prichard, Water Management Specialist University of California Davis 420 S. Wilson Way, Stockton, CA 95205 (209) 468-2085; fax
More informationWhat Went Wrong with Export Avocado Physiology during the 1996 Season?
South African Avocado Growers Association Yearbook 1997. 20:88-92 What Went Wrong with Export Avocado Physiology during the 1996 Season? F J Kruger V E Claassens Institute for Tropical and Subtropical
More informationEnvironmental Monitoring for Optimized Production in Wineries
Environmental Monitoring for Optimized Production in Wineries Mounzer SALEH Applications Engineer Agenda The Winemaking Process What Makes a great a Wine? Main challenges and constraints Using Technology
More informationSilage Corn Variety Trial in Central Arizona
Silage Corn Variety Trial in Central Arizona Shawna Loper 1 and Jay Subramani 2 1 University of Arizona of Arizona Cooperative Extension, Pinal County 2 Maricopa Ag Center, University of Arizona Abstract
More informationInfluence of Cultivar and Planting Date on Strawberry Growth and Development in the Low Desert
Influence of Cultivar and Planting Date on Strawberry Growth and Development in the Low Desert Michael A. Maurer and Kai Umeda Abstract A field study was designed to determine the effects of cultivar and
More informationEFFECT OF TOMATO GENETIC VARIATION ON LYE PEELING EFFICACY TOMATO SOLUTIONS JIM AND ADAM DICK SUMMARY
EFFECT OF TOMATO GENETIC VARIATION ON LYE PEELING EFFICACY TOMATO SOLUTIONS JIM AND ADAM DICK 2013 SUMMARY Several breeding lines and hybrids were peeled in an 18% lye solution using an exposure time of
More informationOverview of vineyard irrigation management and the use of soil monitoring techniques to understand soil moisture dynamics
Overview of vineyard irrigation management and the use of soil monitoring techniques to understand soil moisture dynamics Larry E. Williams Dept. Viticulture and Enology UC-Davis and Kearney Agricultural
More informationWEED CONTROL IN SWEET CORN RESEARCH RESULTS 2006 PREPARED BY DARREN ROBINSON, RIDGETOWN CAMPUS FOR THE ONTARIO PROCESSING VEGETABLE GROWERS
WEED CONTROL IN SWEET CORN RESEARCH RESULTS 2006 PREPARED BY DARREN ROBINSON, RIDGETOWN CAMPUS FOR THE ONTARIO PROCESSING VEGETABLE GROWERS NOVEMBER 8, 2006 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Purpose Of This Booklet This
More information2010 Winter Canola Variety Trial
Winter Canola Variety Trial Dr. Heather Darby, Rosalie Madden, Amanda Gervais, Erica Cummings, Philip Halteman University of Vermont Extension (802) 524-6501 Winter Canola Variety Trial Dr. Heather Darby,
More informationL I N D E M A N N. Young Almonds Excellent Production Potential Madera County Acres P R O P E R T I E S I N C.
L I N D E M A N N Young Almonds Excellent Production Potential Madera County 19.11+- Acres P R O P E R T I E S I N C. 3734 W. Spruce Ave Fresno, CA 93711 TEL-559-479-1658 FAX-559-827-4077 Young Almonds
More informationUsing Growing Degree Hours Accumulated Thirty Days after Bloom to Help Growers Predict Difficult Fruit Sizing Years
Using Growing Degree Hours Accumulated Thirty Days after Bloom to Help Growers Predict Difficult Fruit Sizing Years G. Lopez 1 and T. DeJong 2 1 Àrea de Tecnologia del Reg, IRTA, Lleida, Spain 2 Department
More informationCoffee zone updating: contribution to the Agricultural Sector
1 Coffee zone updating: contribution to the Agricultural Sector Author¹: GEOG. Graciela Romero Martinez Authors²: José Antonio Guzmán Mailing address: 131-3009, Santa Barbara of Heredia Email address:
More informationANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF MAIZE CULTIVATED AREA AND PRODUCTION IN ROMANIA
ANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF MAIZE CULTIVATED AREA AND PRODUCTION IN ROMANIA Agatha POPESCU University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, 59 Marasti, District
More informationLecture 4. Factors affecting ripening can be physiological, physical, or biotic. Fruit maturity. Temperature.
Lecture 4. Factors affecting ripening can be physiological, physical, or biotic. Physiological factors relate to fruit maturity or environmental factors, which affect the metabolism of fruit and banana.
More informationFinal Report to Delaware Soybean Board January 11, Delaware Soybean Board
Final Report to Delaware Soybean Board January 11, 2017 Delaware Soybean Board (susanne@hammondmedia.com) Effect of Fertigation on Irrigated Full Season and Double Cropped Soybeans Cory Whaley, James Adkins,
More informationIMPACT OF RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE ON TEA PRODUCTION IN UNDIVIDED SIVASAGAR DISTRICT
International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research (IJASR) ISSN (P): 2250-0057; ISSN (E): 2321-0087 Vol. 8, Issue 1 Feb 2018, 51-56 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. IMPACT OF RAINFALL AND TEMPERATURE ON TEA PRODUCTION
More informationEffect of paraquat and diquat applied preharvest on canola yield and seed quality
Effect of paraquat and diquat applied preharvest on canola yield and seed quality Brian Jenks, John Lukach, Fabian Menalled North Dakota State University and Montana State University The concept of straight
More informationEx-Ante Analysis of the Demand for new value added pulse products: A
Ex-Ante Analysis of the Demand for new value added pulse products: A case of Precooked Beans in Uganda Paul Aseete, Enid Katungi, Jackie Bonabana, Michael Ugen and Eliud Birachi Background Common bean
More informationRelationship between Mineral Nutrition and Postharvest Fruit Disorders of 'Fuerte' Avocados
Proc. of Second World Avocado Congress 1992 pp. 395-402 Relationship between Mineral Nutrition and Postharvest Fruit Disorders of 'Fuerte' Avocados S.F. du Plessis and T.J. Koen Citrus and Subtropical
More informationQuantifying Agricultural Drought: An Assessment Using Western Canadian Spring Wheat
Quantifying Agricultural Drought: An Assessment Using Western Canadian Spring Wheat P.R. Bullock 1, G.J. Finlay 1, C.K. Jarvis 1, H.D. Sapirstein 2, H. Naeem 2, I. Saiyed 1 1 Department of Soil Science
More informationEXPERIMENT NO. 3 HYDROMETER ANALYSIS ASTM D-422
EXPERIMENT NO. 3 HYDROMETER ANALYSIS ASTM D-422 1. AIM To determine grain size distribution of soil, which contains appreciable quantity of soil passing ASTM 200 sieve ( 0.075 mm). 2. APPARATUS: Standard
More informationA New Approach for Smoothing Soil Grain Size Curve Determined by Hydrometer
International Journal of Geosciences, 2013, 4, 1285-1291 Published Online November 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/ijg) http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2013.49123 A New Approach for Smoothing Soil Grain
More informationDust Introduction Test to determine ULPA Filter Loading Characteristics in Class II Biosafety Cabinets
Dust Introduction Test to determine ULPA Filter Loading Characteristics in Class II Biosafety Cabinets Lin Xiang Qian, Vice-President Alexander Atmadi, Technical Manager Ng Kah Fei, Product Development
More informationThe Development of a Weather-based Crop Disaster Program
The Development of a Weather-based Crop Disaster Program Eric Belasco Montana State University 2016 SCC-76 Conference Pensacola, FL March 19, 2016. Belasco March 2016 1 / 18 Motivation Recent efforts to
More informationRoad Construction on Sabkha Soils
Road Construction on Sabkha Soils Mohamed Mehemmed Shahin Department of Civil Engineering, 7 th October University, Misurata,, Libya mohamed_zubi@yahoo.com ABSTRACT. Sabkha is an Arabic expression to describe
More informationEFFECT OF HOLE SIZE ON PERCOLATION RATE IN A FIELD PERCOLATION TEST
EFFECT OF HOLE SIZE ON PERCOLATION RATE IN A FIELD PERCOLATION TEST Ministry of the Environment The Honourable George A. Kerr, Q.C., Minister Everett Biggs, Deputy Minister EFFECT OF HOLE SIZE ON PERCOLATION
More informationQuality of Canadian oilseed-type soybeans 2016
ISSN 1705-9453 Quality of Canadian oilseed-type soybeans 2016 Véronique J. Barthet Program Manager, Oilseeds Section Contact: Véronique J. Barthet Program Manager, Oilseeds Section Tel : 204 984-5174 Email:
More informationVortices in Simulations of Solar Surface Convection
Vortices in Simulations of Solar Surface Convection Rainer Moll with Robert Cameron and Manfred Schüssler Solar Group Seminar March 22, 2011 Fig.: Intensity and velocity streamlines ( 1400 350 km) Simulations
More informationThermal Hydraulic Analysis of 49-2 Swimming Pool Reactor with a. Passive Siphon Breaker
Thermal Hydraulic Analysis of 49-2 Swimming Pool Reactor with a Passive Siphon Breaker Zhiting Yue 1, Songtao Ji 1 1) China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE), Beijing 102413, China Corresponding author:
More informationEvaluation of desiccants to facilitate straight combining canola. Brian Jenks North Dakota State University
Evaluation of desiccants to facilitate straight combining canola Brian Jenks North Dakota State University The concept of straight combining canola is gaining favor among growers in North Dakota. The majority
More informationAWRI Refrigeration Demand Calculator
AWRI Refrigeration Demand Calculator Resources and expertise are readily available to wine producers to manage efficient refrigeration supply and plant capacity. However, efficient management of winery
More informationTips for Writing the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
Tips for Writing the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: 1. The contents of the R&D section depends on the sequence of procedures described in the Materials and Methods section of the paper. 2. Data should be presented
More informationEffect of paraquat and diquat applied preharvest on canola yield and seed quality
Effect of paraquat and diquat applied preharvest on canola yield and seed quality Brian Jenks, John Lukach, Fabian Menalled North Dakota State University and Montana State University The concept of straight
More informationVineyards in New Zealand
Vineyards in New Zealand 36,192 Ha (28,231 white, 7960 red) -Sauvignon blanc 21016 Ha (58%) Average vineyard size 17.4 Ha Most planted on ancient riverbeds with well drained soils Almost all are irrigated
More informationEFFECT OF CULTURAL MANIPULATION OF "MUMMY" WALNUTS ON WINTER SURVIVAL OF NAVEL ORANGEWORM
EFFECT OF CULTURAL MANIPULATION OF "MUMMY" WALNUTS ON WINTER SURVIVAL OF NAVEL ORANGEWORM G. Steven Sibbett, R. Van Steenwyck INTRODUCTION Navel orangeworm (NOW) is one of the most important insect pests
More informationBag-In-Box Package Testing for Beverage Compatibility
Bag-In-Box Package Testing for Beverage Compatibility Based on Proven Plastic Bottle & Closure Test Methods Standard & Analytical Tests Sensory evaluation is subjective but it is the final word or approval.
More informationIrrigation of Sunflowers in Northwestern Kansas
Proceedings of the 2013 Irrigation Association Technical Conference, Austin, Texas, November 4-8, Available from the Irrigation Association, Falls Church, Virginia Irrigation of Sunflowers in Northwestern
More informationStructures of Life. Investigation 1: Origin of Seeds. Big Question: 3 rd Science Notebook. Name:
3 rd Science Notebook Structures of Life Investigation 1: Origin of Seeds Name: Big Question: What are the properties of seeds and how does water affect them? 1 Alignment with New York State Science Standards
More informationRecent U.S. Trade Patterns (2000-9) PP542. World Trade 1929 versus U.S. Top Trading Partners (Nov 2009) Why Do Countries Trade?
PP542 Trade Recent U.S. Trade Patterns (2000-9) K. Dominguez, Winter 2010 1 K. Dominguez, Winter 2010 2 U.S. Top Trading Partners (Nov 2009) World Trade 1929 versus 2009 4 K. Dominguez, Winter 2010 3 K.
More informationStructural Reforms and Agricultural Export Performance An Empirical Analysis
Structural Reforms and Agricultural Export Performance An Empirical Analysis D. Susanto, C. P. Rosson, and R. Costa Department of Agricultural Economics, Texas A&M University College Station, Texas INTRODUCTION
More informationQuality of Canadian oilseed-type soybeans 2017
ISSN 2560-7545 Quality of Canadian oilseed-type soybeans 2017 Bert Siemens Oilseeds Section Contact: Véronique J. Barthet Program Manager, Oilseeds Section Grain Research Laboratory Tel : 204 984-5174
More information2012 Estimated Acres Producers Estimated Production Units Estimated Farm Value Farm Crawfish 182,167 1,251 90,973,725 Lbs.
www.lsuagcenter.com 2012 Estimated Acres Producers Estimated Production Units Estimated Farm Value Farm Crawfish 182,167 1,251 90,973,725 Lbs. $152,835,858 Crawfish Biology Life Cycles evolved in nature,
More informationOutline. Improving Cardamom production through the spraying of sugar rich solutions at Cardamom flowering stage
Improving Cardamom production through the spraying of sugar rich solutions at Cardamom flowering stage EFICAS workshop, Monday, March 27th 2017, Luang Prabang Outline Understanding Cardamom boom in northern
More informationComparison of the OTAKE and SATAKE Rice Mills Performance on Milled Rice Quality
Research article erd Comparison of the OTAKE and SATAKE Rice Mills Performance on Milled Rice Quality MENG BUN* Email: mengbun99@gmail.com DYNA THENG LYHOUR HIN VARY VUN SAVATH SENG Department of Agricultural
More informationSilage Corn Variety Trial in Central Arizona
Silage Corn Variety Trial in Central Arizona Jay Subramani 1 and Shawna Loper 2 1 Maricopa Ag Center, University of Arizona 2 University of Arizona Cooperative Extension, Pinal County Abstract Information
More informationNotes on acid adjustments:
Notes on acid adjustments: In general, acidity levels in 2018 were lower than normal. Grape acidity is critical for the winemaking process, as well as the quality of the wine. There are 2 common ways to
More informationThe Importance of Dose Rate and Contact Time in the Use of Oak Alternatives
W H I T E PA P E R The Importance of Dose Rate and Contact Time in the Use of Oak Alternatives David Llodrá, Research & Development Director, Oak Solutions Group www.oaksolutionsgroup.com Copyright 216
More informationPROMOTION OF EXTRACTION OF GREEN TEA CATECHINS IN WATER EXTRACTION AT LOW TEMPERATURE USING ULTRASOUND. Hitoshi Koiwai, Nobuyoshi Masuzawa
ICSV1 Cairns Australia 9-1 July, 007 PROMOTION OF EXTRACTION OF GREEN TEA CATECHINS IN WATER EXTRACTION AT LOW TEMPERATURE USING ULTRASOUND Hitoshi Koiwai, Nobuyoshi Masuzawa Musashi Institute of Technology
More informationDevelopment and characterization of wheat breads with chestnut flour. Marta Gonzaga. Raquel Guiné Miguel Baptista Luísa Beirão-da-Costa Paula Correia
Development and characterization of wheat breads with chestnut flour Marta Gonzaga Raquel Guiné Miguel Baptista Luísa Beirão-da-Costa Paula Correia 1 Introduction Bread is one of the oldest functional
More informationTemperature effect on pollen germination/tube growth in apple pistils
FINAL PROJECT REPORT Project Title: Temperature effect on pollen germination/tube growth in apple pistils PI: Dr. Keith Yoder Co-PI(): Dr. Rongcai Yuan Organization: Va. Tech Organization: Va. Tech Telephone/email:
More informationDevelopment and Evaluation of Manually Operated Seed Broadcaster
Development and Evaluation of Manually Operated Seed Broadcaster J. O. Awulu 1, J. Audu 2, G. Nuhu 3 1, 2, 3 Department of Agricultural & Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of
More informationD Lemmer and FJ Kruger
D Lemmer and FJ Kruger Lowveld Postharvest Services, PO Box 4001, Nelspruit 1200, SOUTH AFRICA E-mail: fjkruger58@gmail.com ABSTRACT This project aims to develop suitable storage and ripening regimes for
More informationVineyard Water Management
Vineyard Water Management Pierre Helwi Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service Grape Camp November 7, 2016 Lady Bird Johnson Park Pioneer Pavilion, Fredericksburg, TX Terroir Concept Climate Human factor
More information1
Niche Market Shell Bean Variety Trial Carol Miles, Liz Nelson, Lydia Garth, and Erin Klingler Washington State University, Vancouver Research & Extension Unit, 1919 NE 78 th Street, Vancouver, WA 98665
More informationDEVELOPMENT AND STANDARDISATION OF FORMULATED BAKED PRODUCTS USING MILLETS
IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Applied, Natural and Social Sciences (IMPACT: IJRANSS) ISSN(E): 2321-8851; ISSN(P): 2347-4580 Vol. 2, Issue 9, Sep 2014, 75-78 Impact Journals DEVELOPMENT AND
More informationChapter 3: Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model
Chapter 3: Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model Krugman, P.R., Obstfeld, M.: International Economics: Theory and Policy, 8th Edition, Pearson Addison-Wesley, 27-53 1 Preview
More informationEFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE AND CONTROLLED FRUITING ON COTTON YIELD
Chapter 6 57 EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE AND CONTROLLED FRUITING ON COTTON YIELD Carl F. Ehlig USDA-ARS Brawley, California INTRODUCTION The fruit load is the primary cause for mid-season decreases in
More information2003 NEW JERSEY HEIRLOOM TOMATO OBSERVATION TRIAL RESULTS 1
Appendix A.05 2003 NEW JERSEY HEIRLOOM TOMATO OBSERVATION TRIAL RESULTS 1 Wesley L. Kline 2, Stephen A. Garrison 3, June F. Sudal 4, Peter Nitzsche 5 Rutgers Cooperative Extension Introduction This the
More informationThe aim of the thesis is to determine the economic efficiency of production factors utilization in S.C. AGROINDUSTRIALA BUCIUM S.A.
The aim of the thesis is to determine the economic efficiency of production factors utilization in S.C. AGROINDUSTRIALA BUCIUM S.A. The research objectives are: to study the history and importance of grape
More informationRecommended Resources: The following resources may be useful in teaching this lesson:
Unit D: Production of Field Crops Lesson 1: Cereal Crops: Growing Wheat Student Learning Objectives: Instruction in this lesson should result in students achieving the following objectives: 1. Identify
More informationResults and Discussion Eastern-type cantaloupe
Muskmelon Variety Trial in Southwest Indiana 2016 Wenjing Guan, Daniel S. Egel and Dennis Nowaskie Southwest Purdue Agricultural Center, Vincennes, IN, 47591 Introduction Indiana ranks fifth in 2015 in
More informationDo lower yields on the vine always make for better wine?
Grape and wine quality Increasing quality Do lower yields on the vine always make for better wine? Nick Dokoozlian Viticulture, & Enology E&J Gallo ry Do lower yields on the vine always make for better
More informationCHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background Bread is one of the most widely-consumed food products in the world and breadmaking technology is probably one of the oldest technologies known. This technology has
More informationArchival copy. For current information, see the OSU Extension Catalog: https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/em9070
EM 9070 June 2013 How to Measure Grapevine Leaf Area Patricia A. Skinkis and R. Paul Schreiner Figure 1. A leaf area template can be easily made using typical office supplies. The template, above, is being
More informationTHE NATURAL SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ARTIFICIALLY INDUCED FRUIT CRACKING OF SOUR CHERRY CULTIVARS
THE NATURAL SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ARTIFICIALLY INDUCED FRUIT CRACKING OF SOUR CHERRY CULTIVARS S. Budan Research Institute for Fruit Growing, Pitesti, Romania sergiu_budan@yahoo.com GENERALITIES It is agreed
More informationLab: Groundwater. Prediction: Which sample (4mm, 7mm, 12mm) will have the greatest porosity?
Name: Date: Lab: Groundwater PART 1: POROSITY Purpose: To explain the relationship between particle size and porosity. Background: The porosity of a material is a measurement of how much of its volume
More informationThe Implications of Climate Change for the Ontario Wine Industry
The Implications of Climate Change for the Ontario Wine Industry Tony B. Shaw Department of Geography and Cool Climate Oenology and Viticulture Institute Brock University Climate Change Most scientists
More informationCARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L., THE QUALITY OF SAFFLOWER SEEDS CULTIVATED IN ALBANIA.
CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS L., THE QUALITY OF SAFFLOWER SEEDS CULTIVATED IN ALBANIA. Valdete VORPSI, Fatos HARIZAJ, Nikoll BARDHI, Vjollca VLADI, Erta DODONA Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agriculture
More informationPixel watering of wine grapes in California: Proof-of-concept testing of a modular variable rate irrigation prototype
Pixel watering of wine grapes in California: Proof-of-concept testing of a modular variable rate irrigation prototype Luis Sanchez, InfoAg July 28, 2015 Variable vineyards Plant Available Water Colony
More informationActivity 10. Coffee Break. Introduction. Equipment Required. Collecting the Data
. Activity 10 Coffee Break Economists often use math to analyze growth trends for a company. Based on past performance, a mathematical equation or formula can sometimes be developed to help make predictions
More information