PROGRESS OF SUGAR INDUSTRIES. Annamalai Nagar ABSTRACT

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1 PROGRESS OF SUGAR INDUSTRIES Mr. V. Sugumar, Ph.D. Parttime Research Scholar, M.S.University, Tirunelveli. Dr. L. Satheeskumar, Assistant Professor of commerce, DDE, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar ABSTRACT Indian economy is an agrarian economy. 0 percent of the descendants of this country rely on agriculture. Geographically the Indian subcontinent prostrates to the north of the equator and hence the climatic conditions are conducive to sugarcane cultivation. The States lying south of the Narmada River i.e., Maharashtra, Andra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu are the bestsuited area for sugarcane growing. The number of growers of this crop is about million. Twenty million people in this country derive their livelihood from cane cultivation. In the cropping pattern of the country, sugarcane occupies. percent to percent of the total cultivable area. In no other country do so many depend on a single sugarcane crop. Keywords: Cane Acreage; Yield; Production; Consumption; Imports and Exports. THE HISTORY OF SUGAR INDUSTRY The historical and mythological evidences clearly show that the original home of sugarcane and sugar manufacturing is India. "The soldiers of Alexander the Great who invaded India around B.C. were the first Europeans to see sugarcane in India. Though they took sugarcane to Europe it was not actually cultivated there until 00 A.D." Evidently, sugarcane was there in India long before it was cultivated in Europe, and it was from India that Europe came to know about sugarcane. However, the process of making sugar was invented between the th and th centuries. About 00 A.D. TsaiHang, the Chinese Emperor sent a mission to Bihar to understand the art of sugar manufacturing. It is evident from these facts that the original home of sugarcane and sugar manufacturing is India. SUGAR INDUSTRY: GLOBAL SUGAR SCENARIO Sugar is produced in countries. It is extracted from sugarcane and sugar beet. Sugarcane is cultivated in tropical climates, while sugar beet is grown in temperate regions. Around percent of the sugar produced in the world is produced from sugarcane, with beet sugar accounting for the rest. Weather conditions, crop diseases; soil quality, international trade agreements and domestic price support programme all these influence the production of sugarcane and sugar beet. SUGAR INDUSTRY: INDIAN SUGAR SCENARIO Indian Sugar Year Book Indian Sugar Mills Association, New Delhi, p.. Ibid p..

2 India is the largest consumer of sugar in the world and Indian sugar industry is the nd largest agroindustry located in the rural India. Currently there are operating sugar mills in different parts of the country. There are about 0 million sugarcane farmers and about million skilled/semi skilled workers involved in ancillary activities, mostly from the rural areas. The industry not only generates power for its own requirement but surplus power for export to the grid based on byproduct bagasse. It also produces ethanol, an ecofriendly and renewable energy for blending with petrol. With sugarcane cultivation in around. million hectares of land, India produces around 0 million tonnes of sugarcane annually. The production of sugar has witnessed a dramatic increase of around.00 million tonnes during 00 against.0 million tonnes during 00. In spite of the improvement in the production of sugar over the years, this sector has not been nourished on sound lines. CANE ACREAGE IN INDIA Table Cane Acreage in India Sl. No Year Cane Acreage (000 Hect.) Source: Sugar India Year Book 0, p. India is the second largest producer of sugar in the world. It has the largest demand for sugar in the whole world. The production of sugar in India is primarily from the sugarcane grown in the country and some from the imported raw sugar. Currently there are operating sugar mills in different parts of the country. About 0 million sugarcane farmers and about million skilled/semi skilled workers are involved in activities, mostly in the rural areas. The Cane Acreage in India is given in Table. The total area under sugarcane in India has, shown a progressive increase from 0 thousand hectares in 000 to 0 thousand hectares in 0. YIELD OF CANE IN INDIA The overall sugarcane yield depends on Type/Variety of seed used, extent of ratoon crop, weather conditions during the sugar season, soil conditions, availability of water, pest and disease control. Satheeskumar L and Selvaraj V Sugar industry need of the hour, The Economic Challenger, OctoberDecember 00, No.0, Issue. pp..

3 Table Yield of Cane in India Sl. No Year Yield of Cane (per Hect./M.T.) Source: Sugar India Year Book 0, p. In 000 the yield of sugarcane is. per hect./m.t. However, it is. per hect./m.t. in 0. The sugarcane production decreased by. percent because of the variety of seed, less number of skilled labourers etc. SUGAR PRODUCTION FROM SUGARCANE IN INDIA Table Sugar Production from Sugarcane in India Sl. No Year Sugarcane Production (000 Tonnes) Source: Sugar India Year Book 0, p. The sugar production from sugarcane in India is given in Table. The sugarcane produced in India has, shown increase from 00 thousand tonnes in 000 to 0 thousand tonnes in 0. SUGAR PRODUCTION IN INDIA The sugar production has been improving as modernization of facilities and better seeds and fertilizers are being used. The mills, which focus on the future, enable the farmers to obtain suitable aids to agricultures. The cumulative effects of nonpayment to cane growers, drought and crop disease are a sharp decline in India s sugar production from 0 thousand tonnes in the previous year to thousand tonnes during the 000 crushing season. However, during the year 0 it increased to thousand tonnes.

4 Table Sugar Production in India Sl. No Year Sugar Production (000 Tonnes) Source: Sugar India Year Book 0, p. NUMBER OF SUGAR FACTORIES IN OPERATION IN INDIA STATEWISE Indian sugar industry has grown horizontally with a large number of small sized sugar plants set up throughout the country as opposed to the consolidation of capacity in the rest of the important sugar producing countries, where emphasis has been laid on larger capacity of sugar plants. With the sugar industry being delicensed, the average capacity of the mills in India is slowly rising and existing plants are also being expended. The only stipulation is that there should be a minimum distance of kms would continue to be observed between an existing sugar mill and a new mill. It is observed that the statewise number of sugar factories in operation in India in the year 000 is and is increased to in 0. Table Number of Sugar Factories in Operation in India State wise Sl. No States Andhra Pradesh Bihar 0 Chattisgarh Kerala & Goa Gujarat Haryana Karnataka

5 Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra 0 0 Orissa/W.B Punjab 0 Rajesthan Tamil Nadu & Pondy Uttaranchal Uttra Pradesh Central Uttar Pradesh East Uttar Pradesh West All India 00 0 Source: Sugar India Year Book 0, p. CONSUMPTION, IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF SUGAR The sustained increase in sugar consumption has been primarily due to the increase in population and preference of sugar over alternate sweeteners. Apart from white sugar, India also consumes Jaggery and Khandasri, which are placed at about million tonnes per annum. Total consumption of centrifugal sugar in India rose from an average of 0. million tonnes before, to. million tonnes in to 0. The consumption of sugar by an individual in India has increased from. Kgs in to. Kgs in,. Kgs in and is projected to attain a level.0 kgs in 000. The low production of cane in the year 000 and 000 due to drought, pests and high amount of cane price arrears caused a severe shortfall in production. It is observed that the consumption was. lakh tonnes in the year 0. Sugars are a major form of carbohydrates and are found probably in all green plants. They occur in significant amounts in most fruits and vegetables. There are three main simple sugarssucrose, fructose, glucose; Sucrose is in fact a combination of fructose and glucose and the body quickly breaks it down into these separate substances. A balanced diet can (and should) come from a variety of different foods, calculated to give the desired levels of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.nutritional scientists advocate that carbohydrates should provide at least 0% of our energy requirements. Of late, sustained publicity campaign is being made by the producers of chemical sweeteners against sugar consumption by attributing to it various health problems. L. Satheeskumar Sugar and Health, HRD TIMES, March 00, Vol.., No. p..

6 Sl. No Table Consumption, Import and Exports of Sugar in India (in Lakh tonnes) Year Consumption Imports Exports *.*.00@ * Raw Sugar Source: Sugar India Year Book 0, p. This forced the government to make imports easier to keep prices down. Even though high tariff barriers exist on import of both raw sugar and sugar (0% and Rs.0/tonne CVD) manufacturers are now allowed to import raw sugar with export obligations that have to be met within months. This caused imports of about. lakh tonnes of raw sugar by manufacturers in 000 and.00 lakh tonnes imports in the 000. The large opening stock of sugar once considered as unbearable burden came in handy to reduce the real deficit, which was met by imports. In the future, with increased production of sugar import of raw sugar imports may be cut. Sucrose is a natural and economical sweetener.it is the most versatile of all the sweeteners, performing many useful functions in a range of foods As a sweetener. Acting as a preservative. Enhancing flavor in foods. Providing bulk and texture in ice cream, custard, baked goods and confectionary. Acting as a food for yeast in baking and brewing beer and cider. Contributing to crust colour, and flavor and delaying staleness in cakes and biscuits. With the development of sugar industry India has not only become selfsufficient but also an exporter of sugar. Exports of sugar on an organized basis commenced in.in that year when the international market price of sugar was higher than that of Indian sugar, mainly because of the closure of the Suez Canal, the industry was able to export at a profit. The total exports in averaged to about. lakh tonnes valued at about Rs. crores. From the year 000 the exports of sugar in India has a downward trend but in 0 the export has increased to. lakh tonnes. The impediment in the way of increasing the export of sugar is the high L. Satheeskumar and V. Selvaraj Sugar and Medical Value, The Tamil Nadu Journal of Cooperation, January 00, Vol:, No.. p..

7 cost of production of sugar within the country. Production of sugar is selfsufficient at present in our country. The details of consumption, imports and exports of sugar are shown above. (Refer Table ). SUGARCANE CRUSHED AND RECOVERY In 000 India registered about,, thousand tonnes of total sugar production and 0 thousand tonnes in 0. The recovery of sugar in 00 0 was about. percent and 0. percent in 0. The recovery percentage is an important indicator of the success of the sugar industry. The reasons for the low recovery may be delay in supply of the sugarcane from farm and its insufficient quantity. The details of cane crushed and recovery of sugar is shown below (Refer Table. ). Table Cane Crushed and Recovery of sugar Mills in India Sl. Sugarcane Crushed Recovery of Sugar No 0 Year (in 000 tonnes) (% cane) Source: Sugar India Year Book 0, pp.0 CONCLUSION The geographical condition is more suitable for sugarcane cultivation, it absorb an area of. to % of the cultivable area. Sugar is the chief driving force for the new economy for the poor. Sugar industry is the second major industry that accounts for nearly percent of industrial investment and provides employment to about percent of the industrial working force. There were sugar mills in India and sugar mills are located in Maharashtra alone. There were sugar production units in Tamil Nadu of which were in the private sector in 00. Cane crushed by the private sugar mills in India has significantly increased from thousand tones in 000 to 0 thousand tones in 0. In spite of the tremendous role played by sugar mills in national as well as state development and growth, today they stand at crossroads. Under the new economic policy, they have to face formidable challenges, but still they need to sustain and grow. References:. A.Gani, Personnel Challenges by 000 A.D., Indian Management, January, Vo.0, No., p... Amarchand D., "Human Resource Discipline", Personnel Today, Dee, p..

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