Water as Weapon and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia
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1 Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg Ruprecht Karls Universität Heidelberg, Germany Centre François Viète, Brest, France Water in Antiquity Jerusalem Tel Aviv, October 14 20,
2 DEFENSIVE PURPOSES 1) of troops, civilians and provisions by water 2) the in case of siege 3) Man made and natural obstacles Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 2
3 DEFENSIVE PURPOSES 1) of troops, civilians and provisions by water 2) the in case of siege 3) Man made and natural obstacles OFFENSIVE PURPOSES 1) of troops and provisions by water 2) for troops 3) Water and hydraulic works as military targets 4) Water as weapon Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 3
4 DEFENSIVE PURPOSES 1) of troops, civilians and provisions by water 2) the in case of siege 3) Man made and natural obstacles OFFENSIVE PURPOSES 1) of troops and provisions by water 2) for troops 3) Water and hydraulic works as military targets 4) Water as weapon Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 4
5 TURKEY SYRIA Mari IRAN LIBANON JORDAN IRAQ ISRAEL Source: Nissen 1999, 254. The Ancient Near East Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 5
6 Source: Hrouda 1991, 147. Source: Hrouda 1991, 207. Phoenician warship (8th cent. BCE, Khorsabad, Sargon s Palace) Sennacherib s troops in the Babylonian marshes (7th cent. BCE, Nineveh, South West Palace) Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 6
7 Source: Bagg 2011, map You are here Ashurbanipal campaign against Arab tribes Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 7
8 Source: Bagg 2011, map You are here Ashurbanipal campaign against Arab tribes Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 8
9 Source: Hrouda 1991, 153. Ashurbanipal s campaign against Arab tribes (7th cent. BCE, Nineveh, North Palace) Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 9
10 Source: Curtis/Reade 1995, 75. The battle of the river Ulai (7th cent. BCE, Nineveh, South West Palace, room XXXIII, BM ) Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 10
11 Ancient Tyre, Assyrian Șurru, modern Șūr (Libanon) Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 11
12 Source: J. E. Curtis/J. E. Reade 1995, 46. Episode from a siege (9th cent. BCE, Nimrud, South West Palace, BM ) Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 12
13 Source: van Dijk 1965, 2. An unknown enemy cut off Larsa s (VAT 8515, obv ) Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 13
14 TURKEY SYRIA IRAN LIBANON ISRAEL JORDAN IRAQ Babylon Kisurra Larsa Source: Nissen 1999, 254. The Ancient Near East Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 14
15 Urartu Source: after Bagg/Cancik Kirschbaum 2006, 6. The Ancient Near East Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 15
16 Source: CDLI Sargon s campaign against Urartu in 714 BCE (AO 05672, obv.) Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 16
17 TURKEY LIBANON SYRIA Ešnunna IRAN JORDAN IRAQ Babylon ISRAEL Marshes Source: Nissen 1999, 254. The Ancient Near East Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 17
18 Source: Spencer Museum of Art, Kansas, USA. The Fall of Babylon (John Martin, , mezzotint, 1835) Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 18
19 Source: Bloomsbury Auctions, London, UK. The Fall of Nineveh (John Martin, , mezzotint, 1829) Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 19
20 Source: Google Earth 2012 Kar Mullissi Gate Khosr Assyrian City Wall Tigris Satellite view of Nineveh (Mosul, Iraq) Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 20
21 Source: US army corps engineers Marsh Arabs poling a traditional mashoof in southern Iraq Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 21
22 Source: US army corps engineers Marsh Arabs poling a traditional mashoof in southern Iraq Thank you very much for your attention! Water as and Military Target in Ancient Mesopotamia Ariel M. Bagg 22
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