7 What were some of the ways in which Paleolithic people adapted to local conditions when they moved to new areas?

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1 1 1: The Development of Human Societies Section 1 Quiz 1 How is a fossil different from an artifact? A A fossil is the remains of a long-ago organism, while an artifact is a human-made object. B A fossil is a type of tool, while an artifact is a human-made object. C A fossil is a written record, while an artifact is the remains of a long-ago organism. D A fossil is a type of tool, while an artifact is a written record. 2 Which of the following is a characteristic of the culture of some early Homo sapiens? A They were able to run long distances. B They built complex cities. C They buried their dead. D They lived during the Paleolithic Age. 3 Why did East Africans start migrating to the Sahara around 100,000 years ago? A They needed more farmland. B An ice age had begun in East Africa. C The Sahara had turned into an oasis. D They wanted to move closer to the ocean. 5 How did the Ice Age make migration to the Americas possible? A It increased the amount of food in North America. B It allowed people to travel in boats from Asia to North America. C It encouraged people to leave the desert conditions in Asia. D It created a land bridge between Siberia and North America. 6 The paintings in the Lascaux Cave contain mostly images of what? A grasslands that were growing in areas that are now desert B handprints, which are most likely those of teenage boys C events in the daily lives of aborigines D animals, some of which are now extinct 4 Where did Paleolithic people go after they left Africa? A southern Europe B Southwest Asia C North America D Australia 7 What were some of the ways in which Paleolithic people adapted to local conditions when they moved to new areas? 8 How does cave art reveal the cultures of early humans? 1 section 1 quiz

2 QUIZ 1 1: The Development of Human Societies Section 2 Quiz 1 Which of the following describes huntergatherers? A They lived in fixed locations with large family groups. B They moved with the groups of animals they relied on for food. C They grew crops in various locations, depending on the season. D They were the first to domesticate plants and animals. 2 How did the changing climate encourage domestication? A The climate became warmer, making longer growing seasons. B The climate became drier, leading to more deserts. C The climate became colder, causing people to move south. D Ice sheets grew larger, leading to more land bridges. 3 Why did some early humans settle near estuaries? A They provided protection from rival groups and shelter for homes. B They mostly occurred in areas with mild climates and few wild animals. C There was little danger of excess water or flooding in these areas. D They provided both salt water and fresh water along with fertile land. 4 What marked the start of the Neolithic Age? A people living in large groups rather than in small extended families B the agricultural revolution C the use of teamwork in hunting wild animals D more people living as nomads 5 How can radiologists help historians learn about the past? A They can look at weapons to determine how people hunted. B They can examine DNA to trace human ancestry and migration patterns. C They can interpret detailed x-rays of things we cannot see with our eyes. D They can examine soil layers to determine climate changes over time. 6 Which of these is a primary source? A a climate map of the ancient world created by a modern scientist B a cave painting created by a Paleolithic person C a textbook on the lives of early humans D a novel describing events in the life of an imaginary early human 7 How were the lives of hunter-gatherers different from those of early farmers? 8 What is one example of a source that a historian might write? Would this be a primary or a secondary source? 1 section 2 quiz

3 1 2: Origins of Civilization Section 1 Quiz 1 Why are cultural hearths important? A They led to humans leaving Africa for other parts of the world. B They allowed new ideas, practices, and technology to develop. C They encouraged people to live as nomads. D They shared inventions by trading with one another. 2 Which of the following describes the village of Çatalhöyük? A It is one of the most advanced settlements from the Paleolithic Age. B It is one of the world s oldest permanent settlements. C It was located in northern Africa. D It was in the Tehuacán Valley. 3 Why did maize become an important crop in Oaxaca? A It could produce a lot of food in a small space. B It required very little water. C It was developed from a grass called teosinte. D It was relied on for the annual food supply. 4 How did the Longshan culture differ from the Yangshao? A The Longshan made pottery. B The Longshan developed trade networks. C The Longshan grew millet. D The Longshan raised pigs and chickens. 5 What river system supported Faiyum? A Huang He B Chang Jiang C Nile D Tigris 6 In what way was Faiyum different from Oaxaca? A Faiyum borrowed its agricultural practices from other areas, while Oaxaca did not. B Faiyum was developed later than Oaxaca. C Faiyum began during the Paleolithic Age, while Oaxaca began during the Neolithic Age. D Faiyum farmers grew maize, while Oaxaca farmers grew wheat and barley. 7 Describe some of the geographical features that all the ancient cultural hearths had in common. 8 Why was it important that communities such as Çatalhöyük were able to grow surpluses of food? 2 section 1 quiz

4 1 2: Origins of Civilization Section 2 Quiz 1 Which of the following best describes Göbekli Tepe? A an apartment house B a government building C a place of worship D a central market area 2 What is monumental architecture? A colorful murals that decorated the outside of buildings B groups of homes built close together, without streets or sidewalks C massive gravesites D large structures built for specific purposes 5 Why were scribes important? A They worked with metals such as bronze. B They performed religious ceremonies. C They made pots to store gain and hold water. D They recorded traditions and laws. 6 Why was metallurgy a key development? A It allowed people to store food for long periods. B Making tools from metal did not require as much skill as making them from stone. C Stronger and more complex tools could be made. D People could build vehicles, such as carts, that used wheels. 3 What development in human society came after the ancient cultural hearths? A toolmaking B matrilineal clans C farming villages D civilizations 4 What was at the heart of cities in early civilizations? A people s homes B trading centers C temples and other religious buildings D schools and libraries 7 How did the food surpluses lead to the rise of civilization? 8 What are the five traits of civilization? 2 section 2 quiz

5 2 3: Ancient Mesopotamia Section 1 Quiz 1 What gave rise to civilization in Mesopotamia? A fertile soil for farming B open land for exploration C river and sea routes for trade D mountains for protection 2 How was the civilization of Sumer organized? A into roving bands of hunter-gatherers B into small temporary villages C into separate city-states D into one central city and surrounding farms 3 What purpose did ziggurats serve? A centers of government B centers of learning C centers of religious worship D centers of trade 5 How did Sargon win loyalty within the Akkadian Empire? A by collecting tribute to maintain a strong military B by conquering many lands at once C by limiting trade and economic activity D by permitting people to keep local customs and rulers 6 Why did Sargon s Akkadian Empire fall? A It emphasized farming over trade. B It failed to protect its natural resources. C It grew too big to maintain order. D It spent too much money on conquest. 4 What basic form of writing based on images of objects was first invented by the Sumerians? A pictographs B cuneiform C hieroglyphics D petroglyphs 7 How did ancient Mesopotamians adapt to their environment to build a Sumerian civilization? 8 What cultural and technological innovations did the Sumerians develop? 3 section 1 quiz

6 2 3: Ancient Mesopotamia Section 2 Quiz 1 How did Hammurabi s laws change life in Mesopotamia? A They eliminated punishments for crimes. B They applied to all classes of people equally. C They were specific to each part of the empire. D They were written down for everyone to see. 2 How did the Assyrians come to rule so many lands and peoples? A through economic prosperity B through fair laws and peaceful rulers C through superior iron weapons D through unified religious faith 5 Why did Darius I have the 1,500-mile-long Royal Road built? A to transport troops to areas of new conquest B to give people jobs working on the road C to make communication across the empire easier D to mark the boundaries of the provinces 6 What Mesopotamian invention had a lasting impact on mathematics? A abacus B calendar C cuneiform D plow 3 What important aspect of their culture did the Phoenicians spread to trading partners? A their alphabet B their calendar system C their farm system D their weaponry 4 How did Cyrus the Great treat conquered peoples? A He honored local customs and traditions. B He removed local leaders and laws. C He required them to pay high tributes. D He united them with a system of roads. 7 How did the Phoenicians help shape civilization in the ancient world? 8 What impact did the ancient Mesopotamians have on ideas about government? 3 section 2 quiz

7 2 4: Ancient Egypt Section 1 Quiz 1 What enabled the growth of agriculture and civilization in the Nile River Valley? A dry red land B fertile coastal soil C predictable flooding D regular rainfall 2 What geographic feature provided a natural barrier to protect ancient Egypt against invasion? A desert lands B extensive mountains C several large seas D vast river systems 3 How did agriculture change Egyptian society? A kept wealth among farmers B led to rise of kings C organized people into city-states D removed distinctions between Upper and Lower Egypt 5 What was the role of Egypt s viziers? A to command the military forces B to determine the succession of pharaohs C to oversee day-to-day governing D to perform religious ceremonies 6 How does remote sensing and satellite imagery help archaeologists in Egypt today? A It restores buried sites to their original forms. B It reveals the migration patterns of ancient Egyptians. C It shows them where to excavate artifacts and ruins. D It tells them what life was like in ancient Egypt. 4 What did the double crown of Egypt symbolize? A interdependence of red land and black land B joint rule of pharaohs and viziers C shared importance of farming and trade D union of Upper and Lower Egypt 7 Why did Egyptian civilization emerge where it did? 8 How were religion and government related in ancient Egypt? 4 section 1 quiz

8 2 4: Ancient Egypt Section 2 Quiz 1 What purpose did pyramids serve? A as centers of government B as markets for trade C as temples for religious worship D as tombs for the pharaohs 2 Which group of people made up the lowest class in the Egyptian social hierarchy? A artisans and merchants B farmers and soldiers C officials and scribes D slaves and unskilled laborers 3 Which god did Egyptians believe weighed their hearts after death? A Anubis B Osiris C Ra D Thoth 5 Which choice best describes the Egyptian Book of the Dead? A a collection of hymns sung at burials B a guidebook to the journey into the afterlife C a religious poem read aloud at festivals D a story recounting a popular epic adventure 6 What event marked the start of the Middle Kingdom? A a civil war among rival groups B a lengthy period of famine C the conquest of the Hyksos D the rule of Mentuhotep II 4 Why did Egyptians make mummies? A to honor the ghosts of ancestors B to provide a body for the spirit after death C to protect the tombs of pharaohs D to worship their gods 7 What characterized Egyptian religion? 8 How did the Middle Kingdom differ from the Old Kingdom? 4 section 2 quiz

9 2 4: Ancient Egypt Section 3 Quiz 1 For what good did Egypt largely trade? A food B iron C timber D wine 2 What accomplishment marked the reign of Hatshepsut? A defeat of the Hyksos B destruction of monuments C expansion of trade D separation of Upper and Lower Egypt 5 Where was Tutankhamen buried? A the Great Pyramid B the palace at Thebes C the temple at Abu Simbel D the Valley of the Kings 6 What natural resource helped Kush become a powerful kingdom? A bronze B gold C soil D wood 3 How did Ramses the Great restore peace and prosperity to Egypt? A by conquering neighbors B by expanding trade C by defeating the Sea Peoples D by negotiating a treaty with the Hittites 4 What ethnic background did Cleopatra VII, the last of the pharaohs, have? A Hittite B Macedonian C Persian D Roman 7 How did the rule of Egyptian pharaohs come to an end? 8 What was remarkable about Tutankhamen and the tomb in which he was buried? 4 section 3 quiz

10 2 4: Ancient Egypt Section 4 Quiz 1 For what were hieroglyphs used? A engineering B farming C stargazing D writing 2 What was papyrus? A a person trained to do bookkeeping B a picture representing an object or idea C a sheet of material used for writing D a tool used to inscribe symbols in stone 3 Mummification helped ancient Egyptians learn about which of the following disciplines? A anatomy B astronomy C engineering D mathematics 5 Which technique did ancient Egyptian artists use? A They depicted as much of the human figure as possible. B They used abstract shapes and geometric patterns. C They were impressionistic and mysterious. D They tried to show people, animals, and places realistically. 6 What did the ancient Greeks adopt from Egyptian architects? A the concept of zero B the decimal system C the golden ratio D the use of hieroglyphs 4 Skill in which subject enabled the Egyptians to build pyramids and other monuments? A archaeology B geography C geometry D medicine 7 Why did scribes gain importance and power in Egyptian society? 8 How did Egyptians apply skills in science and math to advance their civilization? 4 section 4 quiz

11 2 5: Judaism and the Israelite Kingdoms Section 1 Quiz 1 Which city is the religious center of Judaism? A Babylon B Damascus C Jerusalem D Ur 2 What is the location of Canaan? A the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea B between Italy and Greece C the west coast of Italy D the northern coast of the Mediterranean Sea 3 According to the Hebrew Bible, who was chosen by God to lead the Exodus from Egypt? A Moses B Deborah C Joshua D Abraham 5 Which of the following is NOT a belief or practice of the Israelites? A monotheism B marrying outside their faith C resting on the Sabbath D eating only kosher foods 6 Who led the Israelites to victory in the Battle of Mount Tabor? A Moses B Abraham C Joshua D Deborah 4 What is the term for a religion based on the worship of a single God? A polytheism B Judaism C monotheism D idolatry 7 What is the difference between the Torah and the Talmud? 8 Why are the Ten Commandments still important today? 5 section 1 quiz

12 2 5: Judaism and the Israelite Kingdoms Section 2 Quiz 1 The Israelites chose a king to lead them in war against which group of people? A Canaanites B Assyrians C Philistines D Babylonians 2 Who was the first king of Israel? A Moses B Saul C David D Solomon 3 Which empire defeated the northern kingdom of Israel? A Assyrian B Egyptian C New Babylonian D Persian 5 The king of which empire tried to make the Jews worship Greek gods? A Assyria B New Babylonia C Seleucid D Rome 6 Which event celebrates the dedication of the Second Temple in Jerusalem? A the Babylonian Exile B the Diaspora C Masada D Hanukkah 4 Which leader encouraged the Jewish people to return to their homeland? A Solomon B Nebuchadnezzar C Cyrus the Great D Yohannan Ben Zakai 7 What happened to the ten tribes of Israel when they were conquered in 722 b.c.? 8 What are two ways in which the Babylonian Exile made Judaism stronger? 5 section 2 quiz

13 2 6: Ancient India Section 1 Quiz 1 What are the two major rivers of northern India? A the Tigris and the Euphrates B the Harappan and the Hindu Kush C the Indus and the Ganges D the Mohenjo-Daro and the Harappa 2 Which Indian civilization emerged first? A Harappan B Brahman C Ayran D Hindu 3 Which of the following statements is true of Harappan civilization? A The Harappan civilization fell to Aryan invaders. B Harappan writings have told historians much about their culture. C There were only weak ties between the cities. D Its influence was greater than that of ancient Egypt. 5 The social class system of the Aryans developed into which of the following? A Brahmanism B reincarnation C caste system D Buddhism 6 What is the term for Buddha s teachings, or divine law? A nirvana B Four Noble Truths C dharma D Bhagavad Gita 4 The winter winds on the South Asia subcontinent are called what? A dry monsoons B wet monsoons C typhoons D karma 7 What factors came together around 2500 b.c. that allowed a civilization in the Indus Valley to develop? 8 How are the terms reincarnation and karma connected in Hindu belief? 6 section 1 quiz

14 2 6: Ancient India Section 2 Quiz 1 Who helped Chandragupta gain power? A Asoka, a Buddhist B Kautilya, a Brahmin C Kalidasa, a great poet D Chandra Gupta I 2 How did the roads built by Asoka make his empire stronger? A The roads had plenty of shade and water. B The roads were good for trade, communication, and quick travel. C The roads connected the hospitals built by Asoka. D He did not build any roads. 5 Which Indian leader inspired Martin Luther King, Jr.? A Asoka B Mohandas Gandhi C Chandra Gupta D Kalidasa 6 Which of the following is a contribution of ancient India to modern medicine? A the concept of zero B architecture C nonviolence toward animals D the practice of inoculation 3 India s golden age was during the reign of which ruler? A Chandragupta B Asoka C Chandra Gupta I D Chandra Gupta II 4 Why was Kalidasa important? A He was one of India s greatest writers. B He established the Gupta Empire. C He wrote the Mahabharata. D He taught Ayurveda to the king. 7 How did Asoka spread Buddhism beyond India? 8 How did ancient India contribute to mathematics? 6 section 2 quiz

15 2 7: Ancient China Section 1 Quiz 1 Which of the following is a desert that formed part of China s natural barriers? A the Himalaya B the Taklimakan C the Tian Shan D the Pamir 2 What is another name for the Chang Jiang River? A Yellow River B Indus River C Tigris River D Yangtze River 3 Which was the earliest Chinese dynasty for which evidence exists? A Xia B Zhou C Liangzhu D Shang 5 What was the concept of Mandate of Heaven? A It was the result of the dynastic cycle. B It was the belief that a king could rule only as long as the gods believed him worthy. C It emphasized living in harmony with nature and the Dao. D It was a philosophy that encouraged a strong government and laws. 6 Which Chinese philosophy focuses on living in harmony with nature and the Way? A Confucianism B Daoism C Legalism D Mandate of Heaven 4 Where did China s first dynasty develop? A along the Huang He B at the foot of the Tian Shan C beside the East China Sea D along the Chang Jiang 7 How did natural barriers help shape China s civilization? 8 What was the dynastic cycle? 7 section 1 quiz

16 2 7: Ancient China Section 2 Quiz 1 Who called himself first emperor? A Liu Bang B Shi Huangdi C Lü D Wudi 2 Shi Huangdi followed which Chinese philosophy? A Confucianism B Buddhism C Legalism D Daoism 3 Which of the following was NOT an accomplishment of Shi Huangdi? A a single writing system B a government bureaucracy C canals and irrigation systems D standardized weights and measures 5 What was invented during the Han dynasty to show direction? A sextant B silk C wheelbarrow D compass 6 Which invention allowed ideas to spread farther and faster than ever? A paper B silk C compass D wheelbarrow 4 Who became known as Empress Lü? A the last emperor of the Qin dynasty B Liu Bang s wife C a notable bureaucrat of the Han dynasty D the longest-reigning emperor in Chinese history 7 What was the purpose of the Great Wall of China? 8 What are two ways in which the Han emperors ruled differently from Shi Huangdi? 7 section 2 quiz

17 2 7: Ancient China Section 3 Quiz 1 Why were camels used on the Silk Roads? A They were the least expensive animal available. B Camels are strong, sure-footed, and tough. C Camels are native to China. D Camels bite and spit, which makes them excellent guard animals. 2 What goods were brought from China to the West? A grapes, lacquerware, and paper B wool rugs, paper, and silk C silk, paper, and lacquerware D honey, silk, and paper 5 What religion from India spread into China and throughout East Asia? A Hinduism B Confucianism C Legalism D Buddhism 6 How long ago does Fredrik Hiebert conclude traders began traveling along the Silk Roads? A 4,000 or 5,000 years ago B 2,000 or 3,000 years ago C 1,500 or 2,000 years ago D 1,000 to 500 years ago 3 What goods were taken to China from Europe? A honey and grapes B grapes and wool rugs C silk and carved ivory D camels and horses 4 How did traders protect themselves on the Silk Roads? A They traveled alone to avoid being noticed. B They traveled at night to avoid being seen. C They traveled in groups called caravans. D They hired guards called caravans. 7 What were the Silk Roads? 8 How did the Silk Roads encourage cultural diffusion? 7 section 3 quiz

18 3 8: Ancient Greece Section 1 Quiz 1 Which activity enabled the spread of Minoan civilization from Crete to Greece and other Aegean islands? A agriculture B bull-leaping C metal-work D sea trade 2 Which class of people earned fine houses and lands to rule in exchange for their service? A artisans B merchants C priests D warriors 5 What circumstance led to war among city-states from 750 to 550 b.c.? A competition for trade B conflicting political systems C different religious practices D scarcity of resources 6 What did Greek city-states do to relieve overpopulation? A began farming B built larger cities C established colonies D expanded trade 3 Who was Homer? A a Minoan king who ruled Knossos B a Mycenaean warrior who conquered Crete C a Greek poet who wrote The Iliad D a Trojan prince who started a war with Greece 4 Which statement describes early Greek city-states? A They each developed their own system of government. B They each experimented with different forms of monarchy. C They each identified themselves as Greek. D They each had their own language and cultural traditions. 7 How have the Iliad and the Odyssey contributed to our understanding of ancient Greece? 8 How did geography affect ancient Greek city-states? 8 section 1 quiz

19 3 8: Ancient Greece Section 2 Quiz 1 How did Sparta differ from other city-states? A It was a military society. B It excluded women from civic life. C It rejected religious practice. D It banned slavery. 2 How did Spartan government work? A It centered on a tribunal of warriors elected from their regiments. B It relied on a merchant oligarchy to make and administer laws. C It shared power among kings, an elite council, and elected officials. D It was ruled by tyrants who derived their power from war-making. 3 How did Athenian society differ from Spartan society? A Athenians valued education. B Athenians granted women more freedoms. C Athenians depended on enslaved workers for food. D Athenians avoided violence and warfare. 5 What event brought Athens and Sparta together? A conflict with neighboring city-states B conquest of the Ionians C trade with the Sea Peoples D war with the Persian Empire 6 What was significant about the Battle of Thermopylae? A A small number of Spartans held off a large number of Persians. B Athenians and Spartans joined forces to defeat the Persians. C The Ionians staged a revolt against the Persian Empire. D The Persians overwhelmed the combined Greek armies. 4 What prompted Darius I of the Persian Empire to attack Greece? A Athens and Sparta forged an alliance. B Athens disrupted Persian trade routes. C Athens supported the Ionian revolt. D Athens took control of Persian colonies. 7 How did childhood in Sparta differ from that in Athens? 8 How did Spartan government differ from Athenian government? 8 section 2 quiz

20 3 9: Classical Greece Section 1 Quiz 1 Under Cleisthenes reforms, who could participate in Athenian government? A all male and female citizens of Athens B all male citizens born in Athens C only male property owners born in Athens D only wealthy male citizens of Athens 2 What reform did Pericles make? A cancelled citizens debts B freed enslaved farmers C organized citizens into four classes D paid jurors and public officials 3 Why did Athens and other Greek city-states form the Delian League? A to colonize the Mediterranean B to counter the Peloponnesian League C to defend against the Persian Empire D to share natural resources and trade 5 For what god did ancient Greeks build the largest temple in a city-state? A for the king of the gods B for the god or goddess of war C for their favorite Olympian D for their patron god or goddess 6 In Greek mythology, what god did Icarus offend by flying too close to the sun? A Apollo B Athena C Hera D Zeus 4 What city-state started the Peloponnesian League? A Athens B Delos C Corinth D Sparta 7 Why did Solon s and Cleisthenes reforms fail to institute a truly democratic form of government? 8 What influence did ancient Greeks believe gods and goddesses had on their lives? 9 section 1 quiz

21 3 9: Classical Greece Section 2 Quiz 1 The Peloponnesian War broke out between which powers? A Athens and Sparta B Athens and the Delian League C Greece and Persia D Greece and Troy 2 During the Peloponnesian War, what other disaster did Athens face, besides attacks from Sparta? A drought B famine C internal revolt D plague 5 What Athenian historian recorded the events of the Peloponnesian War? A Herodotus B Homer C Pericles D Thucydides 6 Why were ostracons made and cast? A to banish citizens thought to be dangerous B to elect citizens as representatives C to select citizens for military service D to vote on laws in the citizens assembly 3 What event ended the truce between Athens and Sparta? A Athens disbanding of the Delian League B Athens siege of Syracuse C Sparta s alliance with Persia D Sparta s attack on Sicily 4 What action did Sparta take against a defeated Athens? A burned all of the city s ships and temples B destroyed the city-state and surrounding lands C enslaved most of the city s citizens D replaced the city s democracy with an oligarchy 7 What causes led to the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War? 8 Why did the war end the way that it did? 9 section 2 quiz

22 3 9: Classical Greece Section 3 Quiz 1 What ruler united Greece under Macedonian rule? A Achilles B Alexander C Aristotle D Philip II 2 How did Macedonian forces overwhelm and defeat Greek armies? A by destroying their sea power B by fighting with a phalanx formation C by razing their farms and towns D by starving them through a prolonged siege 3 What lands did Alexander the Great conquer first? A Egypt B India C Persia D Uzbekistan 5 What word describes the geographic spread of Hellenistic Greek culture? A decolonization B denunciation C diffusion D dissipation 6 What city became the center of Hellenistic Greek culture? A Alexandria B Athens C Corinth D Thebes 4 Why did Alexander s empire stop when and where it did? A He could not cross the mountains of Asia. B His had conquered all of the lands that he wanted. C His forces had run out of food and other supplies. D His soldiers were war-weary and wanted to go home. 7 What made Greece vulnerable to conquest by Macedonia? 8 How did Alexander the Great surpass his father? 9 section 3 quiz

23 3 9: Classical Greece Section 4 Quiz 1 Which Greek philosopher became known for his question-and-answer teaching style? A Aristotle B Plato C Socrates D Xenophon 2 What did the Greek author Aesop write? A fables that teach moral lessons B histories of Greek wars C mythologies about Greek deities D treatises on philosophy 3 What art form, performed in amphitheaters, formed a center of Greek cultural life? A comedic and tragic plays B readings of epic poetry C lessons in rhetoric D public political debates 4 Ancient Greeks are best known for what type of art? A abstract and geometric mosaics B paintings of mythological beasts and deities C sculptures of the human form D tapestries depicting historic events 5 What common Greek architectural feature does the Parthenon display? A arches B columns C domes D turrets 6 How did ancient Greek courts resemble those of the United States? A They included summaries of evidence. B They protected against cruel and unusual punishment. C They provided for a trial by jury. D They secured citizens the right to an attorney. 7 What significant contributions to learning did Aristotle make? 8 What aspects of Athenian democracy did the United States adopt? 9 section 4 quiz

24 4 10: The Roman Republic Section 1 Quiz 1 Which river made Rome a natural stopping point for trade? A the Mediterranean B the Apennines C the Tiber D the Nile 2 Which people greatly influenced early Rome? A the Etruscans and Latins B the Greeks and Etruscans C the Latins D the Spartans 3 How did the plebeians gain more power in Roman government? A by attacking the patricians B by demanding that Roman laws be written down C by electing leaders that favored plebeians over patricians D by going on strike and causing the patricians to lose money 5 How did the establishment of the Roman Republic affect the Forum? A It caused the Forum to be used as a burial ground. B It led to the neglect and ruin of the Forum. C It turned the Forum into an open-air market. D It made the Forum the center of Roman politics. 6 Which of the following contributed to Rome s thriving agriculture? A low altitude and a good water supply B fertile soil and a mild climate C few pests and fertile soil D advanced farming techniques and many farmers 4 What role did dictators play in Rome s representative government? A They held complete control but only during times of crisis. B They advised the consuls. C They held the right to veto, or reject, other rulers decisions. D They elected representatives called tribunes. 7 What is the legendary story of the founding of Rome? How is this legend supported by archaeology? 8 What could a Roman citizen do and see in the Roman Forum once the Roman Republic was founded? 10 section 1 quiz

25 4 10: The Roman Republic Section 2 Quiz 1 Which term best describes ancient Roman society? A paterfamilias B patriarchy C plebeian D dictatorship 2 Which two factors most strongly determined the amount of education a Roman child would receive? A ethnicity and family wealth B marital status and good looks C age and gender D gender and family wealth 3 What role did slaves play in Rome s economy? A They provided much of the manual labor needed to build, farm, and mine. B They were usually teachers, doctors, or business managers. C They made purchases that helped make Rome s patricians very wealthy. D They had no value in Rome s economy. 5 Which human trait was most valued by the Romans? A beauty B elegance C loyalty D grace 6 How did the land purchases of wealthy Romans affect the lives of poorer citizens? A The wealthy would buy up small farms, forcing poor farmers to find work in cities. B The wealthy would force poor farmers to work on their land for free. C The wealthy would purchase land and sell it to poor farmers for twice as much. D The wealthy would create huge farms worked entirely by patricians. 4 Who controlled the slave army that famously rebelled in 73 b.c.? A Cicero B the Council of Plebs C Spartacus D Romulus and Remus 7 How did Romans worship their gods in daily life? 8 What role did the concept of gravitas play in the Roman personality? 10 section 2 quiz

26 4 10: The Roman Republic Section 3 Quiz 1 Why was Marius forced to allow volunteers in his army? A Most of his soldiers had been killed in battle. B Property-owning citizens no longer wanted to fight long wars far from Rome. C Most men didn t have the right weapons and equipment to fight in the army. D Property-owning citizens were demanding higher pay to serve in the army. 2 Why were Roman armies considered unstoppable? A Soldiers were treated kindly and were never punished if they failed. B The armies were small but well trained. C Roman soldiers had weapons that were better than the weapons of other armies. D If a Roman army was defeated, Rome would simply send a larger army the next time. 3 Which words best describe Roman armor? A outdated and ineffective B complicated and heavy C attractive but impractical D simple and light 4 How did being defeated by Carthage at sea improve Rome s navy? A The Romans fired their generals and brought in more successful ones. B Rome and Carthage became allies. C The Romans added many powerful warships to their navy. D The Carthaginians gave the Roman navy their unused ships. 5 What were likely to have been Hannibal s biggest challenges when he crossed the Alps during winter? A weather and difficult terrain B enemy attacks and starvation C poorly trained troops and enemy attacks D lack of supplies and illness 6 Why was Rome forced to make peace with Macedonia during the First Macedonian War? A Roman soldiers were no match for the Macedonian phalanx. B Rome s army was busy fighting against Philip V and couldn t battle Hannibal. C The Roman army needed a fresh supply of weapons and soldiers. D Rome s army was busy fighting against Hannibal and couldn t battle Philip V. 7 Why are Hannibal s military tactics still studied today? 8 How did the Romans ensure that Carthage would cease to exist? 10 section 3 quiz

27 4 10: The Roman Republic Section 4 Quiz 1 Which problems resulted from the Roman Republic s expansion after the Punic Wars? A disease and widespread hunger B overpopulation and disease C conflicts with neighboring lands and peoples D poverty and unemployment 2 Which two Roman generals were given extraordinary powers by the Senate to put down a slave rebellion? A Sulla and Marius B Caesar and Crassus C Crassus and Pompey D Tiberius and Marius 5 Which statement best describes Julius Caesar? A popular with the Senate but hated by the people B popular with the people but hated by the Senate C popular with the people but hated by his soldiers D hated by the Roman Republic 6 What happened on the Ides of March in 44 b.c.? A Caesar declared himself a dictator. B Caesar was married to Cleopatra VII. C Caesar was murdered by a group of senators. D The Roman Republic was transformed into an empire. 3 What did Cicero argue for to repair the damaged republic? A making the Senate and army stronger B reducing the army s powers and restoring the system of checks and balances C giving slaves and plebeians more power and taking land from the rich D starting a civil war to take power from the Senate 4 To whom did the Senate turn when its power was taken by the consuls in 70 b.c.? A Julius Caesar B General Crassus C General Pompey D The First Triumvirate 7 Why was the Senate resistant to Julius Caesar s reforms? 8 Which factors and events contributed to the end of the Roman Republic? 10 section 4 quiz

28 4 11: The Roman Empire and Christianity Section 1 Quiz 1 Who was the first emperor of Rome? A Augustus B Julius Caesar C Titus D Tiberius 2 What was the Pax Romana? A a period of peace and prosperity which began under Augustus B an illness that spread during the summer in Rome C a series of aqueducts bringing water to Rome D a phrase meaning All roads lead to Rome 3 What did Rome use to improve trade, collect taxes, and pay soldiers? A the Pax Romana B a credit system C standardized pay for the army D a standard currency 5 Which of the following statements about Pompeii is true? A Pompeii was destroyed by a huge earthquake. B It was destroyed over a period of several years. C It provides a revealing glimpse into everyday Roman life. D Pompeii was frozen in time under a blanket of mud. 6 What were the beautiful country homes of wealthy Romans called? A mosaics B vaults C villas D frescoes 4 What is an aqueduct? A a curved structure over an opening B a stone channel carrying clean water into a city C a rotated series of arches D an extended series of arches 7 What are some of Rome s long-standing problems that Augustus solved? 8 How did Roman engineers improve construction? 11 section 1 quiz

29 4 11: The Roman Empire and Christianity Section 2 Quiz 1 Early Christianity developed in which communities? A Greek B frontier outposts C Gentile D Jewish 2 What religion is based on the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth? A Judaism B Emperor worship C Christianity D the Appian Way 5 Which of the following was a parable told by Jesus? A The Grasshopper and the Ant B The Prodigal Son C Galatians D The Gospel of Luke 6 Which emperor put an end to the persecution of Christians? A Nero B Constantine C Theodosius D Diocletian 3 Who painted The Last Supper? A Constantine B Jesus of Nazareth C Leonardo da Vinci D the Good Samaritan 4 Which statement is true of Christianity? A Christianity promised a life of security and comfort. B Most Roman emperors encouraged Christianity. C Christianity discouraged sharing property and providing charity. D Its main appeal was the promise of salvation through the sacrifice of Jesus. 7 How did the Roman road network help spread Christianity? 8 Why was Paul important to the spread of Christianity? 11 section 2 quiz

30 4 11: The Roman Empire and Christianity Section 3 Quiz 1 Why was the size of the Roman Empire a problem? A The imperial currency lost value. B There were food shortages. C It was too big for one person to govern. D Criminal organizations grew in size. 2 Which of the following was a military reason that led to the decline of the Roman Empire? A Soldiers were fighting wars in the east, west, and at home. B Local leaders took power in many areas. C Unrest grew because of the gap between rich and poor. D People were heavily taxed, and trade was interrupted. 5 Which event came first? A The Visigoths sacked Rome. B The Roman Empire was divided into two parts. C Fifty different emperors ruled in the space of 50 years. D The last emperor quietly left the throne. 6 How did Diocletian and Maximian encourage economic recovery? A They had the wealthy half of the empire support the poorer half. B They reformed tax laws and controlled inflation. C They made the army smaller. D They retired after 20 years. 3 How did Diocletian try to save the empire? A He named four generals to govern the four parts of the empire. B He divided the empire into two parts and shared the rule with three other men. C He created a new tax system. D He made the army smaller. 4 What is a tetrarchy? A four countries linked together under one ruler B a vault formed by four arches C rule by four emperors D four key roads used to move troops quickly across the empire 7 What happened to the Western Roman Empire when the last emperor left the throne? 8 How did Diocletian solve the problem of ruling a huge empire? 11 section 3 quiz

31 4 11: The Roman Empire and Christianity Section 4 Quiz 1 What is oratory? A philosophical discussion B an epic poem C Latin literature D public speaking 2 On whose traditions did the Romans base their poetry? A the Greeks B the Latins C the Germans D the Byzantines 3 Which of the following words have Latin prefixes? A postwar and humidify B purify and submarine C entertainment and flexible D rebuild and disrespect 5 Who preserved Roman literature after the empire fell? A the Roman Catholic Church B Roman engineers C the Vandals D the Huns 6 Which sentence best describes the aqueducts that supplied water to Rome? A They were all beautiful pieces of architecture. B Some carried water above ground, and some used pipes underground. C Aqueducts brought water from as far away as 150 miles. D The system of aqueducts is still in use. 4 What is the name for realistic sculpture with figures raised against a flat background? A fresco B bas-relief C mosaic D arch 7 What are three examples of Rome s legacy in architecture? 8 What are Romance languages, and what is an example of a Romance language? 11 section 4 quiz

32 5 12: Mesoamerica SECTION 1 QUIZ MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the best answer for each question from the choices available. 1 Where can lowlands be found? A between the mountains of the Sierra Madre B in the jungles of the Yucatán C along the Pacific Ocean D around Monte Albán 2 What are the three main crops grown in the highlands? A maize, squash, beans B cacao, barley, maize C cacao, corn, beans D palm, wheat, squash 3 How did farmers who used slash-and-burn agriculture fertilize their land? A They used seaweed from coastal areas. B They grew plants, such as maize and beans, and then chopped them up for fertilizer. C They used the ash left from burning the plants and trees on the land. D They used the manure from the animals they raised. 4 Which of the following correctly lists the Olmec social order? A rulers, farmers, priests, merchants B priests, rulers, farmers, merchants C rulers, priests, merchants, farmers D priests, rulers, farmers, merchants 5 Why did the Zapotec build terraces? A as places to bury their dead B as locations for their pyramids C to use as ball courts D to create more land for farming 6 Why did the Zapotec culture begin in the Oaxaca Valley? A The valley had very fertile farmland. B The valley was near a sacred mountain. C The location gave them good protection from enemies. D Gold and silver were located there. CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE 7 How did the Olmec civilization come to be the mother culture of Mesoamerica? 8 How would you describe Monte Albán? 12 SECTION 1 QUIZ

33 5 12: Mesoamerica SECTION 2 QUIZ MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the best answer for each question from the choices available. 1 Which of the following best describes the land of the Maya? A It stretched along the Gulf of Mexico. B It was in the mountains. C It had very little fertile soil. D Its geography was extremely varied. 2 What city has been called the cradle of Maya civilization? A Chichén Itzá B Monte Albán C El Mirador D Tikal 3 Why might the Maya make a sacrifice to the maize god? A for a good harvest B for a long life C to have many children D to honor their king 4 What is true about the Maya city-states? A They were independent of one another. B They were all ruled by a single government. C Each one had its own separate gods. D They rarely traded with one another. 5 Which of the following describes the layout of a Maya city? A A large pyramid was surrounded by farm fields. B A central plaza served as a market. C The king lived in a pyramid at the city s center. D Pyramids surrounded the outside of the city. 6 How did the Maya use their mathematical skills? A to determine the size of their cities B to keep track of the king s money C to keep business records D to record astronomical observations CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE 7 How did sports play a role in Maya religion? 8 How did living quarters differ for the upper and lower classes in Maya society? 12 SECTION 2 QUIZ

34 5 12: Mesoamerica SECTION 3 QUIZ MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the best answer for each question from the choices available. 1 Where did Aztec nomads settle around a.d. 1300? A Teotihuacán B Copán C Yucatán D Valley of Mexico 2 What did the city-states under Aztec control get in return for the tribute they paid? A the right to govern themselves B temples to worship Aztec gods C protection D better farmland 3 How did Aztec nobles get their positions? A They inherited them. B They bought them from the king. C They made sacrifices at the temples. D The people elected them. 4 Which of the following lists the Aztec classes in order, from highest to lowest? A emperor, farmers, nobles, serfs B emperor, nobles, commoners, serfs and slaves C nobles, emperor, commoners, serfs and slaves D emperor, merchants, nobles, commoners, serfs and slaves 5 What shows that the Aztec were polytheistic? A Religion was central at all levels of society. B Even commoners had shrines in their homes. C Sometimes the Aztec sacrificed humans in religious ceremonies. D The Aztec worshipped up to 1,000 gods. 6 What demonstrated that the Aztec were skilled astronomers? A Their temples were built to line up with the sun and stars. B The farmers always had food surpluses. C Human sacrifices were made only when there was a full moon. D The Aztec were able to conquer many city-states in the region. CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE 7 Why was the Triple Alliance important to the Aztec? 8 How were the conquistadors able to defeat the Aztec? 12 SECTION 3 QUIZ

35 5 13: South and North America SECTION 1 QUIZ MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the best answer for each question from the choices available. 1 Which pre-inca culture was the greatest military power? A Moche B Nasca C Wari D Sicán 2 Which pre-inca culture produced enormous geoglyphs? A Moche B Nasca C Wari D Sicán 3 What ability did all four pre-inca cultures develop? A They were all skilled warriors. B All four cultures were skilled in creating ceramic statues. C They were all skilled in creating amazing geoglyphs. D All four cultures were skilled in working gold and other precious metals. 4 What was the Inca capital under Pachacuti? A Cusco B Ayacucho C Machu Picchu D Lima 5 In the Inca hierarchy, who oversaw the provisional governors, district officers, and local chiefs? A four prefects B the emperor C a foreman D groups of ten families 6 Which of the following did both Roman and Inca engineers produce? A arched doorways B domed buildings C stone aqueducts D enormous colosseums CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE 7 What structures did Inca engineers build? 8 How did Machu Picchu survive Spanish conquest in the 1530s? 13 SECTION 1 QUIZ

36 5 13: South and North America SECTION 2 QUIZ MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the best answer for each question from the choices available. 1 Which cultural group demonstrated their wealth and shared it through potlatches? A Great Plains tribes B Northwest Coast tribes C ancient Pueblo D mound builders 2 Why were totem poles built? A to honor a revered being or a family guardian B to show a tribe s relationship to the natural world C to honor the spirit of the buffalo D to guard the entrance to the chief s mound 3 What farming method allowed the ancient Pueblo to grow crops on their fields? A complex irrigation systems B slash-and-burn techniques C terrace farming D dry farming 4 Who interpreted the vision after a young man s vision quest? A the chief B a shaman C the confederation D powerful chiefs 5 What is considered to be the centerpiece of Cahokia? A Borrow Pit B Grand Plaza C Stockades D Monks Mound 6 Which groups shared the Green Corn Ceremony? A Cherokee and Creek B Algonquin and Iroquois C Hopewell and Adena D Tlingit and Haida CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE 7 How did the climate and geography of the Pacific Northwest region encourage the development of Native American cultures? 8 How was Cahokia different from Mesa Verde s Cliff Palace? 13 SECTION 2 QUIZ

37 5 14: Dynasties of China SECTION 1 QUIZ MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the best answer for each question from the choices available. 1 Which dynasty reunified China in a.d. 581? A Han B Sui C Tang D Song 2 Who was China s only official female emperor? A Wendi B Taizong C Wu Zhao D Yangdi 3 Which of the following made Yangdi unpopular with the people? A written examinations for the bureaucracy B granaries to protect the food supply C promotion of Buddhism D forced labor and high taxes 4 Which of the following was a Sui policy carried on by the Tang dynasty? A tolerance toward China s many religions and cultures B construction of the Grand Canal C making rice a staple crop D agricultural reform and trade 5 What event in a.d. 220 led China into a long period of chaos? A the introduction of Buddhism B the fall of Han dynasty C the invasion of the Mongols D the invention of gunpowder 6 A golden age of art and literature flourished during which dynasty? A Han B Sui C Tang D Song CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE 7 What three very different belief systems were interwoven in Chinese society? 8 What were three Chinese inventions of the Tang and Song dynasties? 14 SECTION 1 QUIZ

38 5 14: Dynasties of China SECTION 2 QUIZ MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the best answer for each question from the choices available. 1 Why did Genghis Khan invade China? A He wanted to secure the Silk Roads for his people. B His people needed more farmland. C The Mongol tribes needed more grazing lands. D The Mongol tribes needed a route to the East China Sea. 2 Where did the Mongols live before invading China? A They came from the steppes of northwest China. B They were shepherds in what is now Iran. C The Mongols had migrated to India from Arabia. D The Mongols came from southern Russia. 3 Who was the first ruler to unite all China since the end of the Tang dynasty? A Genghis Khan B Yuan Khan C Kublai Khan D Marco Polo 4 What was life like for the Chinese under Mongol rule? A The Chinese were well treated by their Mongol rulers. B The Chinese were kept in key government positions. C The Chinese were in a higher class than foreigners. D The Chinese were treated as second-class citizens. 5 How did the Mongols treat foreigners? A They did not allow foreigners in China. B They gave power and good jobs to foreigners. C They brought in foreigners as servants to Chinese nobility. D They hired foreigners as laborers on government projects. 6 How did travel on the Silk Roads change under the Mongols? A The Silk Roads were closed and trade ended by the Mongols. B Mongol control of the routes meant safer travel for the caravans. C The Mongols did not allow traders to take silk from China. D Kublai Khan personally decided how much to pay for trade goods. CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE 7 What happened to the Mongol Empire after Genghis Khan died? 8 How did Kublai Khan deal with the Song uprising? 14 SECTION 2 QUIZ

39 5 14: Dynasties of China SECTION 3 QUIZ MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the best answer for each question from the choices available. 1 Which dynasty restored China s greatness after Mongol rule? A Yuan B Manchu C Ming D Qing 2 What did Hongwu do to help the lives of peasants? A He moved the imperial capital to Beijing. B He cut government spending and began efficient taxation. C Hongwu sponsored sea expeditions. D Hongwu favored a long period of isolationism. 3 What policy followed China s great period of world exploration? A increased foreign trade B waging the Opium Wars C building the Forbidden City D a long period of isolationism 4 Why did Zhengtong stop voyages of exploration? A He said they brought in dangerous foreign ideas. B He wanted to work on the Great Wall instead. C He felt they weakened China s defenses. D He could find no one to replace Zheng He. 5 Which group founded China s last dynasty? A pirate raiders from the southeast B Manchus from north of the Great Wall C Japanese invaders D invaders from Korea 6 What caused the end of dynastic rule in China? A Wars and European influences weakened the rulers, and the Qing dynasty fell. B China was invaded and occupied by Japan, causing the Qing dynasty to fall. C Internal conflict split China into many competing nations. D The last emperor died, allowing European powers to invade. CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE 7 What was the purpose of Zheng He s sea expeditions? 8 How did the Chinese government enforce isolationism? 14 SECTION 3 QUIZ

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