European Exploration and Settlement

Transcription

1 European Exploration and Settlement

2 Exploration in the New World 8 th Grade Early American History

3 Preview Activity You are in a group You are going to plan a new classroom configuration you will get a handout Make sure you get the appropriate materials from me and begin when your group is ready.

4 Preview Debrief How did you feel during this activity? Why did you compete with others to claim furniture? What were your feelings toward the 1 st group that claimed furniture? Do you think it was fair that the 1 st group was allowed to claim more furniture than the other groups? Why or why not?

5 Debrief on Activity: Comparison of Activity to New World Exploration Student Activity Historical Connection Groups of Students Students walked around room to label furniture Students labeled furniture One group had directions that allowed them to begin labeling quicker Other groups rushed to catch up First group had 30 sticky notes, all else had less

6 Preview of Exploration Unit The Different Countries that Explored the New World The Reasons for Exploration in the New World Spain France England The Netherlands The Effects of Exploration on the New World

7 Introduction Europeans are interested in what is in the East (spices, riches, gold) Marco Polo got people interested in moving west Explorers wanted quickest route to China and thought about going west

8 Discuss. How did Marco Polo change the world?

9 Map of Notable Explorers

10 Spain Starts an Empire Renaissance what is that? Made books about the east more popular Columbus studied maps and wanted to go to China by going west King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella sponsored him After a month at sea he found land

11 Landed on an island in Caribbean Sea - San Salvador ( Holy Savior ) Thought he had reached Indies named native Indians Taino people friendly people Columbus makes 4 trips to new world Still believed he found Asia, never knew it was the new world.

12 COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE

13 Columbus voyage trigger exchange across the Ocean which still continues today Brought corn, potatoes to Europe Not so good for Natives brought germs and diseases to Natives 90% of Native population wiped out by smallpox and other diseases

14 SLAVERY COME TO AMERICA High death rate of natives meant the Spanish introduced Africans to do the work Spanish were growing sugar and making a lot of money off it but needed people to do the work Slavery was not new to the world after wars the losers or prisoners would be enslaved For 3 centuries slaves were brought to the Americas from Africa to work

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18 Conquistador. Huh? Russians say cosmonaut, Americans say astronaut You say explorer, Spanish say conquistador After Spain hears about what Columbus finds people rush to conquer a vast empire for Spain Hernan Cortes 1519 arrive in Mexico with 500 soldiers and a heard of horses

19 Cortes arrives in Tenochtitlan, the Aztec capital Some of our soldiers asked whether the things that we saw were not a dream Some thought Cortes was their god Quetzalcoatl and welcomed him Cortes conquers Tenochtitlan and re-build it as Mexico City, the center of the Spanish empire

20 Another Spaniard - Pizarro 1532 leads an attack on Inca empire in what is today Peru Many Incas had already died due to Smallpox Pizzaro captures Atahualpa and says he ll release him for gold. Inca s fill 3 rooms with gold but Pizarro kills Atahualpa anyway and takes over the empire Spaniards are then able to conquer most of South America

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24 TURN YOUR TEXTBOOK TO PAGE 21 AND YOUR ISN TO PAGE 8

25 WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER, 19TH Journal #7 Write the answer to the following 2.3 review questions in your journal Mr. Enz will come check homework while you do this: 1. Who founded Florida? What was he looking for and how did he die? 2. What was Coronado looking for? Where did he look? 3. What were Spanish presidios and missions? Why were they established? 4. What was the relationship between the Natives and the Spanish like in the Borderlands?

26 1. Who founded Florida? What was he looking for and how did he die? A: Ponce De Leon; Fountain of Youth; Shot through the Heart - Arrow 2. What was Coronado looking for? Where did he look? A: 7 Cities of Gold; He looked through much of the US Great Plains and the Current Day Southwest 3. What were Spanish presidios and missions? Why were they established? A: presidios soldiers lived here wall forts to protect Spanish settlements Missions: established to convert Natives to Christianity

27 4. What was the relationship between the Natives and the Spanish like in the Borderlands? A: Good things: Natives learned how to use new tools and plant new crops; Spanish learned to plant in the desert Bad things: Natives were enslaved; beaten if they did not convert to Christianity and disease killed many natives

28 SPANISH BORDERLANDS Spanish find gold and silver in Mexico and Peru so they push northward to part of present day US These lands were far north part of Spain s empire so known as the Spanish Borderlands

29 FLORIDA (before the mouse) Juan Ponce de Leon looking for fountain of youth finds Florida. Landed Easter Sunday so named it La Florida flowery Easter 8 years later he returns to establish a colony and the Native used poisoned arrows to drive off invaders Ponce de Leon dies from poisonous arrow

30 SEVEN CITIES OF CIBOLA There was a story that there were 7 cities of gold and jewels Spanish thought these were somewhere in North America Looked for these cities in current day Texas but found nothing but adventure Marcos de Niza told people that they found them in what today is New Mexico (he was lying!)

31 CORONADO EXPEDITION 1540 Francisco Vasquez de Coronado goes looking for 7 cities Travels 7000 miles (2700 driving miles from NYC to LA!) Coronado only finds a pueblo village little crowded village, all crumpled up together Coronado continues traveling all over current day U.S. never finding the cities.

32 Settling the Borderlands By 1600s extended west from Florida across present day Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California Once Spain realized rest of Europe wanted this land too they began fighting for it Presidios walled forts Spanish explorers lived to protect Spanish land St. Augustine, FL oldest US settlement; Spanish defend it from French and English

33 More settling. Missionaries accompanied soldiers and tried t o make natives take on the Christian faith New Mexico Spanish try to take over and are cruel to native Pueblo people Priest whip the Pueblos who do not adopt Christian faith Over time though the Spanish culture spreads over the American Southwest

34 Impact on Native Americans Pueblo people learned how to use new tools, raise new food, use sheep for wool Indians taught Spanish how to grow crops in the desert Natives converted their faith Disease continued to wipe out large numbers of Natives

35 ISNs to Questions on Page 9

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40 Review 1. Which Spanish explorer was searching for the fountain of youth? Instead he founded present day where (name of a state)? Ponce De Leon; Florida 2. Which Spanish explorer was searching for the Seven Cities of Cibola? Coronado 3. What region of present day Florida is the oldest permanent settlement founded by Europeans in the U.S.? St. Augustine

41 4. The Spanish put the Natives to work but many began dying. What were they dying from (something unknown to them, brought by Spanish) and who did the Spanish replace the natives with? Diseases; Africans 5. Which Spanish conquistador conquered The Aztecs? Cortez 6. Which Spanish explorer conquered the Incas? Pizzaro

42 7. What is the name for the Spanish forts that they built? Who were the Spanish trying to keep out with these forts? Presidios; other explorers from other countries 8. What is the name of the present day country that the Incas inhabited? Peru 9. What does the name La Florida mean? Flowery Easter

43 DISCUSS Who started exploring for France and what was he originally looking for? Did he find it? Discuss with your group and nominate a spokesperson to share your group s response. Use page 25 if needed

44 THE FRENCH 1534 Jacques Cartier explores Atlantic coastline of North America Looking for NW passage this would provide ships a shortcut to Asia Claimed Canada for France named it New France Beaver Fur very popular in Europe made a lot of money off this

45 Settling New France Samuel de Champlain 1608 Quebec trading post for explores, soldiers and trappers Coureurs de bois wood rangers Missionaries went with fur trappers to convert people to Catholicism Did not get many settlers because the climate was so harsh Most people just came looking for fur

46 DISCUSS How did the Spanish and the French treat the natives differently? What were the French more interested in? Who did Champlain make friends with and who were their enemy?

47 Getting Along With The Natives Did not try to conquer natives Worked with them to find more fur Champlain befriended the Huron and married a Huron woman He even helped Huron fight the Iroquois French and Iroquois would become bitter enemies Note page 26 in your book

48 Claiming Louisiana Father Marquette and Louis Joliet explored great Mississippi Thought this would lead to NW passage Discovered Gulf of Mexico Robert de La Salle claimed mouth of Mississippi Named it Louisiana for King Louis XIV

49 MARQUETTE CHAMPLAIN LASALLE

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51 Turn to ISN page 10

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55 Jamestown English Colony John Calbot Italian living in England to seek his own voyage Landed in Newfoundland, off of Canada Thought he was in Asia Later England claims all of N. America because of the flag Cabot plants

56 Lost Colony of Roanoke (where did it go?) Sir Walter Raleigh Roanoke off current day North Carolina Indians helped the settlers 1587 Raleigh sent 2 nd group of colonists to Roanoke Arrived too late to plant crops so John White went back to England for more supplies He could not return for 3 years due to fighting between England and Spain Colonists had disappeared CROATOAN No one knows what it means

57 Theories on What Happened 1. One theory about why the Lost Colony disappeared is that Native American groups in the area may have attacked the colonists. 2. The second theory about the disappearance of the colonists at Roanoke Island is that they may have moved to the Chesapeake Bay area. 3. The third theory for disappearance of the colonists was that disease or starvation may have struck the settlement Records show that Virginia Dare was the first English born baby in America. She was born on August 18, 1587, and was a member of the Lost Colony of Roanoke Island

58 Settling Jamestown 1607 London Company settles Virginia trying to make money Chose a bad place to settle swampy and surrounded by Natives No one knew how to farm and no one wanted to work hard Natives decided they d rather let English starve and die than trade with them John Smith decided to take action

59 John Smith If you will not work, you will not eat Smith was captured by Indians Treated him with a feast but then prepared to kill him Pocahontas saved John Smith and helped him get food to his people

60 Starving Time 1609 Smith had to return to England Indians refused to trade while Smith was gone and English starved Ate dogs, rats and even other humans to stay alive Only 60 of the 500 people Smith left remained alive That spring 3 more ships arrived with food, more colonists and supplies Jamestown was saved again

61 A little cannibal humor Husband to wife: I don t like your mother. Wife: then try the potatoes Wife to Husband Why did you get me a subscription to people magazine? Husband sorry, I thought it was a cookbook

62 Jamestown survives Lived in fear of Indians Held Pocahontas captive for a while She learned English and made new friends John Rolfe had helped colony survive by discovering tobacco Rolfe proposes to Pocahontas This brings people of Jamestown and the Natives together

63 Page 11 in your ISN

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74 New Netherlands - Dutch Henry Hudson explore the coastline farther north than the English Sailed for the Dutch looking for the Northwest Passage Discovered Hudson River (the one the plane landed in outside of NYC) for the Dutch Took up the Fur Trade Fort Orange near current day Albany, NY

75 Relationship with Natives Peter Minuit colony s governor He wanted natives to be treated kindly Native didn t believe anyone could own land so they traded for items that were not more than $24 worth of materials Dutch allied with the Iroquois FLASHBACK who did the French ally with? Makes the French and the Dutch rivals

76 New Amsterdam Dutch expand their colony. Peter Stuyvesant becomes the colony s new governor stationed in Manhattan, the capital Peg Leg Pete or Old Silvernails = Peter People didn t like him; he governed for 17 years

77 New York is born English wanted Dutch gone (they wanted the land) King Charles II gave his brother James ownership of all Dutch land if he could conquer them James takes a fleet to New Amsterdam and took it over without the Dutch firing a shot English took it over and named it New York

78 Slide on over to page 13 in ISN

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