6 Population. and the economy. Read and understand. Uncontacted tribes

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1 6 Population and the economy 6.1 Uncontacted tribes In the Amazon rainforest there are tribes who have no contact with the rest of the world. They are called uncontacted tribes. They live in the dense vegetation of the rainforest. Uncontacted tribes are groups of native people who live in nature, isolated from civilization. They preserve their ancient traditions and speak their own languages. They know nothing about the modern world. Drug gangs working in the rainforests are a danger to these people. Illegal wood loggers destroy the rainforest these people need to survive. Uncontacted people often don't have any immunity to common diseases. A cold or influenza can destroy a whole tribe. There are now laws to protect these people from the outside world. Read and understand Who are uncontacted people? Where do they live? Name some dangers to uncontacted people. How are they protected? SPEAKING. Imagine you go to live in another country with your family. Tell your partner what your new life is like. KNOW HOW TO Talk about population. Identify the different sectors of the economy. FINAL TASK Describe a production process. 62 sixty-two

2 7 Prehistory 7.1 Atapuerca and Homo antecessor Atapuerca in Burgos is a very important place. In 1896, very old human remains were found there. One hundred years later, in 1996, they found small bits of bone from six people, including a jawbone. They were the remains of one of the first human beings ever to have lived on the European continent: the homo antecessor. They also found stone tools, including a stone knife, and animal bones. Archaeologists study Atapuerca. They have found many very important remains there, including an arm bone. This arm bone is very big and strong so the archaeologists named the person Rafa, after the tennis player Rafa Nadal. Rafa lived about 900,000 years ago! Palaeolithic 5,000,000 years ago Read and understand Where is Atapuerca? Why is it important? What is the connection between Rafa Nadal and Atapuerca? Look at the timeline. During what age did Rafa live? Look at the photo. What are the archaeologists doing? SPEAKING. Imagine you are an archaeologist at Atapuerca. Tell your partner what things you are looking for. KNOW HOW TO Distinguish the Palaeolithic, Neolithic and Metal Ages. Describe Prehistoric art. FINAL TASK Put historical events in chronological order. 76 seventy-six

3 P R E H I S T O R Y Neolithic Metal Ages ANCIENT HISTORY 10,000 years ago 7,000 years ago 5,000 years ago WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER? Prehistory We use decades, centuries and millennia to talk about events in history. Prehistory is the longest and most ancient period in human history. Primitive people were nomads. How many years are there in a decade, a century and a millennium? What does nomad mean? What were the homes of primitive people like? What did they wear? What did they eat? seventy-seven 77

4 The Palaeolithic Age C A B D F E 7.2 Prehistory is the longest period in history. It is divided into three periods: the Palaeolithic Age, the Neolithic Age and the Metal Ages. The first inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula The Palaeolithic Age starts with the appearance of human beings, about five million years ago, and ends with the start of farming. 1 The first people to inhabit the Iberian Peninsula came from Africa about a million years ago. These men and women lived in the open, in caves, or in simple huts. They were nomads. When they could not find much food, they moved on to live in a different place. Palaeolithic means Old Stone Age. Palaeolithic men and women made simple tools from stone. 1 Life in the Palaeolithic Age. A. Cave painting. B. Making tools. C. Hunting. D. Making fire. E. Fishing. F. Making clothes. WORK WITH THE PICTURE Where do you think they live? Why are they close to a river? What do you think they eat? What are their tools made of? What do you think they use fire for? 78 seventy-eight

5 7 7.3 Food They ate what they found in nature. They gathered fruit and roots, they fished for fish and shellfish, and they hunted reindeer, bison, small lizards, etc. They lived near rivers and lakes where they could fish, collect plants and drink water. They moved on when the food ran out. Animals provided food to eat, bones for making tools and skins for clothes and huts. Initially, they ate raw food. Later on, they discovered fire so they could cook. Life in the Palaeolithic Age In the Palaeolithic Age, men and women lived in tribes. Life was very hard and many people died young. They died of the cold, of hunger or from simple diseases or injuries. Members of the tribe shared jobs: some hunted, some gathered and others made tools from bone or stone. They made knives, axes and arrowheads from stone. They made harpoons, spears and needles from animal bones. LEARN MORE Making stone tools in the Palaeolithic Age They used round stones as hammers. Finally, they used a bone to sharpen the stone. ACTIVITIES 1 Answer the questions. They carved a basic shape. Why did people move from place to place during the Palaeolithic Age? How did they find their food? 2 SPEAKING. What are these objects made of? Discuss with your partner. Palaeolithic people were nomads. They ate what they found in nature and they discovered fire. axe needle spear arrowhead 3 WRITING. Imagine you live in a Palaeolithic tribe. Write about your daily routine. seventy-nine 79

6 The Neolithic Age A B C D E F G 1 Life in the Neolithic Age. A. Huts. B. Animal farming. C. Crop farming. D. Making cloth. E. Fishing with nets. F. Making pottery. G. Baking clay. 7.4 The Neolithic Age is the period of Prehistory after the Palaeolithic. The first farmers About 10,000 years ago, some people started to build enclosures to keep their animals in. They kept goats, sheep and oxen, so they did not have to hunt animals for food. In this way, the first livestock farmers appeared. 1 During this same period, people discovered how plants grew from seeds, so they started to grow wheat and barley. Later they grew other plants. WORK WITH THE PICTURE What are the houses like? What are they made of? What are the people doing? What do they use for fishing? Explain one difference between life in the Palaeolithic Age and life in the Neolithic Age. 80 eighty

7 7 7.5 The first villages People were now farmers so they needed to live close to the land and animals. They built villages to live in permanently. They were not nomads anymore; they became sedentary. The villages were near rivers so that people had water. The villages were surrounded by fences or walls to defend them from attack. People specialized in certain jobs: some became farmers and others became craftsmen. The first craftsmen Neolithic means New Stone Age because Neolithic men and women made tools from stone. People learned to make polished stone tools, which were better than the Palaeolithic stone tools. Neolithic people made tools to help with farming. They made hoes to turn the soil, sickles to cut crops and hand mills to mill the wheat and barley into flour. There were two other important developments during the Neolithic Age: the making of cloth and pottery. Cloth was made from wool and was woven on very simple looms. Pottery was made by modelling clay by hand, then baking it on a fire. They made pots to keep food in and to cook with. They made plates and bowls. Neolithic people were farmers and built villages to live in permanently. They made polished stone tools, cloth and pottery. LEARN MORE Making pottery in the Neolithic Age They moulded wet clay. Finally, they baked the objects in simple ovens. 7.6 ACTIVITIES 1 Copy and complete the table. Where did they live? What did they eat? What tools did they use? They added lines and shapes. Palaeolithic Neolithic 2 SPEAKING. Answer the questions. Why did people in the Neolithic Age become sedentary? What animals did they keep? What crops did they grow? 3 WRITING. Imagine you live in a Neolithic village. Write about your daily routine. eighty-one 81

8 The Metal Ages E C A B D F G H I 1 Life in the Metal Ages. A. High fence. B. Traders. C. Soldier. D. House. E. Cart. F. Metalworker. G. Pouring metal. H. Mould. I. Melting metal. 7.7 The Metal Ages was the last period of Prehistory. The first metal objects About 7,000 years ago, people learned to make objects out of metal. For this reason, this period is known as the Metal Ages. 1 People made the first metal objects out of copper. Later, they used bronze, then iron. With these metals, people made weapons, such as swords and axes. They made ornaments, such as brooches and bracelets, and tools, such as hoes and sickles. These objects made of metal were stronger than objects made of stone. WORK WITH THE PICTURE Can you find a form of transport? What objects made of metal can you see? How did they protect the town? Why did they need to protect the town? 82 eighty-two

9 7 7.8 The first towns Metals were not found everywhere. In places where it was easy to find them, people spent their time looking for different metals and trading them. As a result, these places attracted many people and grew into towns. These towns were surrounded by walls for protection. The inhabitants organized themselves into defence groups under a chief. New jobs were created. For example, some people became soldiers to defend the town. Others became traders to buy and sell metal objects, clothes and pottery. Trade Trade increased because of important inventions. The wheel made it possible to transport people and heavy goods by cart. Wheels were also used for making pottery. The sail used wind energy to move boats. People used sailing boats to transport people and goods by water. The plough was pulled by animals. Farmers used ploughs to work on larger areas of land more quickly. Farmers produced more food than they could eat, so they began trading the extra food. About 7,000 years ago, people learned to make objects out of metal. Places where it was easy to find metals grew into towns. LEARN MORE Development of metalworking in the Metal Ages First, they hammered a piece of metal into shape. Then, they learned to melt the metal and pour it into a mould. 1 Answer the questions. 7.9 ACTIVITIES Later, they learned to heat the metal. When did the Metal Ages begin? Which metals did they use? Name three important inventions from this time. 2 SPEAKING. With your partner, discuss and compare the Palaeolithic Age, the Neolithic Age and the Metal Ages. 3 WRITING. Imagine you live in a Metal Ages town. Where do you live? What do you do? What tools do you use? eighty-three 83

10 Prehistoric art 7.10 Cave paintings Prehistoric artists decorated the walls and ceilings of caves with paintings. This type of painting is known as cave art. They used very intense colours by mixing minerals with animal fat. For example, they made black with coal, yellow with ochre and red with manganese. They painted with their hands or with brushes made with animal hair. In the Palaeolithic Age they only painted animals. In the Neolithic Age they painted animals and groups of people hunting or dancing. Cave paintings on the Iberian Peninsula There are cave paintings in the Cantabrian and eastern regions. 1 There are Palaeolithic cave paintings in the Cantabrian region. They are realistic paintings of animals in various colours (mammoths, bison, deer, horses). They are found in the caves of Altamira (Cantabria), Tito Bustillo (Asturias) and Ekain (Basque Country). There are Neolithic cave paintings in eastern regions. They are simple paintings of people dancing, hunting or gathering fruit in only one colour. They are found in the caves of La Araña (Community of Valencia), El Cogul (Catalonia) and Alpera (Castilla-La Mancha). A B 1 Cave paintings. A. Altamira caves, Cantabria. B. El Cogul caves, Catalonia. WORK WITH THE PICTURE What animals can you see in the cave paintings? Which cave painting shows more realistic animals? Which uses the most colours? Which shows people? Which is Palaeolithic? Why? Which is Neolithic? Why? 84 eighty-four

11 LEARN MORE 7 Prehistoric painting 40,000 years ago, people began to paint animals on the walls and ceilings of their caves. 1. They drew the shape of the animal with a sharp stone. 4. Finally, they coloured in the animal. 2. They used black to draw over the shape of the animal. 3. They used stone lamps with animal fat to light the cave Megalithic monuments During the Metal Ages, people built the first monuments using large stones called megaliths. These are the three main megalithic monuments: 2 Menhirs are large, upright, standing stones. They were used for religious purposes. Dolmens consist of several upright stones that support a large, flat, horizontal stone. They were burial monuments. Cromlechs consist of circles of large standing stones. They were used as sanctuaries. Prehistoric artists decorated the walls and ceilings of caves with paintings. During the Metal Ages, people built megalithic monuments using large stones. A 2 Megalithic monuments. A. Menhir. B. Dolmen. C. Cromlech. ACTIVITIES 1 What are cave paintings? B C 2 ICT. Search the Internet for information about megalithic monuments. Print out pictures and write a short description. eighty-five 85

12 KNOW HOW TO Put historical events in chronological order We put historical events in order so we can reconstruct history. 1 Copy and complete the table in your notebook. event Fire is discovered. Metalworking begins. Pottery is invented. People appear. Farming begins. The wheel is invented. Prehistoric Age Palaeolithic Age 2 Order the events, starting with the oldest. 3 Copy and complete the graph with the events. Prehistory Palaeolithic Age Neolithic Age Metal Ages Fire is discovered. 4 Copy and complete the timeline. Include: The Prehistoric Ages. The most important events of Prehistory. Palaeolithic Neolithic Metal Ages 5,000,000 years ago 10,000 years ago 7,000 years ago 5 WRITING. Choose the Palaeolithic Age, the Neolithic Age or the Metal Ages. Write a short description of the period and draw pictures. 86 eighty-six

13 FINAL ACTIVITIES 7 1 SUMMARY. Copy and complete the summary in your notebook Metal Palaeolithic Neolithic stone villages nomads polished towns tools Prehistory The Age started about five million years ago. They were. They used tools. The Age started about 10,000 years ago. They lived in. They used stone tools. The Ages started about 7,000 years ago. They lived in. They used metal. 2 Copy and complete the table about cave paintings. Palaeolithic Age Neolithic Age What did they paint? What colours did they use? What did they look like? Where have they been found on the Iberian Peninsula? 3 Classify these descriptions into the Palaeolithic Age, the Neolithic Age or the Metal Ages. People used sailing boats. People started farming. People were nomads. Show your skills Choose and do one of these activities: A. ICT. Search the Internet for information about the cave paintings in Altamira or El Cogul. Make a poster with the information. Include photos or drawings of the cave paintings. B. Imagine a typical Palaeolithic man, woman or child. Draw three scenes of a comic illustrating their daily life. C. Write three sentences about how people s lives changed from the Palaeolithic Age to the Neolithic Age. Write three more about the changes from the Neolithic Age to the Metal Ages. eighty-seven 87

14 WHAT DO YOU REMEMBER? Population and work The people who live in a place are called inhabitants. What do we call the total number of people who live in a place? There are many different types of jobs. Some people work in agriculture. Some people work in factories. Other people provide services for people. Can you name a job from each of these sectors? sixty-three 63

15 How to study population 6.2 Population Population is the number of inhabitants that live in a place. The population of Spain is about 46.5 million people. The population of the European Union is about 507 million people. In every autonomous community the inhabitants live in various cities, towns or villages. The municipal register and census provide information about these people. The municipal register is a list of the inhabitants of a municipality. It includes each person s age and address. The local council updates this register every year. The census is a list of the inhabitants of a municipality, a province or a country. The census includes information such as education, work, type of house, etc. This list is updated every ten years. 1 How to study population The population of a place can be divided into different categories: Gender. We count the number of men and the number of women. Age. Inhabitants are divided into three different age groups: children are 0 to 15 years old; adults are 16 to 65 years old; senior citizens are over Activity. The population is divided into two groups. Active population: This group includes all adults who are able to work. Some people are employed and other people are unemployed. Inactive population: This group includes children under 16, and adults who are either too ill to work, or who are retired. 1 The census. Interviewers collect information from different homes. 2 The population of Spain. 6.3 senior ancianos citizens 8,335, children jóvenes 7,075, adults adultos 31,718, WORK WITH THE PICTURE Look at the graph. What age groups are there? Which is the biggest age group? Which is the smallest age group? Are there more children or senior citizens? 64 sixty-four

16 6 6.4 Changes in population The population of a place changes over time. Babies are born, and some people die. Sometimes people move to another town. The changes in population are caused by the birth rate, the death rate, emigration and immigration. 3 death rate emigration The birth rate is the number of babies born in a place in one year. The death rate is the number of people who die in a place in one year. decreases Emigrants are people who leave one place to go and live in another place. Immigrants are people who come to live in a place. When the number of people born in a place is greater than the number of people who die, the population increases. When the number of immigrants is greater than the number of emigrants, the population increases. increases Population is the number of inhabitants that live in a place. The population of a place changes over time. birthrate immigration 3 Changes in population. ACTIVITIES 1 WRITING. What is population? Write a definition in your notebook Read and correct the sentences. The municipal register is updated every month. The census is updated every year. The active population includes retired people. The death rate is the number of babies born. Immigrants are people who leave a place. 3 VALUES EDUCATION. Imagine an immigrant child has recently started in your class. How can you make the child and their family welcome in your community? sixty-five 65

17 The distribution of population 6.6 People move to different places People are born in one place, but some move to live somewhere else. There are many different reasons for this: People move away to study in a different place. People find work in a different place. People move because of drought or famine in their country. People move because of war in their country. 1 study work drought war Population density Some places have many inhabitants. Other places have very few inhabitants. Population density tells us if a place has a large or a small population. If lots of people live in a small area, then the area is densely populated. If few people live in a large area, then the area is sparsely populated. 2 1 Some reasons why people emigrate. 2 Population density in two places. This place is sparsely populated because it is a large area with few inhabitants. This place is densely populated because it is a small area with lots of inhabitants. 5 ten people 66 sixty-six

18 W N S Scale 0 95 kilometres A E T L A SANTA CRUZ DE TENERIFE N T I C A T L A N T I C O C E A N O C E A LAS PALMAS N F R A N C E ASTURIAS A CORUÑA VIZCAYA CANTABRIA GUIPÚZCOA LUGO ÁLAVA PONTEVEDRA LEÓN ANDORRA BURGOS NAVARRE OURENSE PALENCIA RIOJA HUESCA GIRONA ZAMORA LLEIDA VALLADOLID SORIA ZARAGOZA BARCELONA SEGOVIA SALAMANCA TARRAGONA GUADALAJARA TERUEL ÁVILA MADRID BALEARIC ISLANDS CASTELLÓN CÁCERES TOLEDO CUENCA P O R T U G A L C a HUELVA BADAJOZ n t a b r i a n CÓRDOBA CIUDAD REAL Ceuta M O R O C C O JAÉN S e a ALBACETE Melilla MURCIA SEVILLE GRANADA MÁLAGA ALMERÍA CÁDIZ VALENCIA ALICANTE M e d i t e FRANCIA r r a n e a Densely populated Moderately populated Sparsely populated A L G E R I A n S e a Where people live in Spain Spain has a population of about 46.5 million people _07_p67_Espana_densidadWORK WITH THE PICTURE Most of the people live on the coast and in the big cities where there are many jobs. These places are densely Look at the map. Do you populated. live on the coast or inland? Fewer people live inland, except in the big cities like Madrid and Zaragoza. In general, inland Spain is sparsely populated. 3 Population density tells us if a place has a large or a small population. In Spain, most of the people live on the coast and in the big cities. 3 Population density map of Spain. Do you live in a city or in a small village? Look at the key and say _07_p67_leyenda_Espana_densidad what the population density is like where you live. ACTIVITIES 1 WRITING. Write in your notebook four reasons why people migrate. 2 Copy and colour the map key in your notebook. Write the names of three provinces next to each colour. sixty-seven 67

19 Where people work I 6.8 There are three main sectors of the economy: the primary sector, the secondary sector and the tertiary sector. Jobs in the primary sector In the primary sector, workers obtain raw materials from natural resources, for example, products from plants, animals and the soil. The primary sector includes jobs in crop farming, animal farming, fishing and mining. In Spain, not many people work in the primary sector, only 4 out of 100 people. In the European Union, 5 out of 100 people work in this sector. Crop farming Livestock farming Crop farmers grow crops, vegetables and fruit. Livestock farmers keep animals to produce products like meat, eggs, milk and leather. Fishing Mining Fishermen catch fish and shellfish. Miners mine rocks, minerals and metals that are used in industry. 68 sixty-eight

20 6 6.9 Jobs in the secondary sector The secondary sector transforms raw materials into manufactured products. Industries in the secondary sector include factory work, the construction industry and craft industries. LEARN MORE From cotton to T-shirts 1. Growing cotton Cotton plants are grown in warm climates. In Spain, 22 out of 100 people work in this sector. In the European Union, 27 out of 100 people work in this sector. Industry Industry is one of the most important activities in the secondary sector. Many people work in factories. They use machines to transform raw materials into manufactured products. This is called the industrial process. People work on production lines in factories. Each worker specializes in one part of the process. 2. Making the fabric 3. Design and manufacture 4. Selling In the factory, workers use machines to obtain cotton threads. The threads are woven into fabric by other machines. Designers create the T-shirt design. Machines cut out the fabric shapes. Workers use machines to sew the fabric together. In the primary sector, workers obtain raw materials from natural resources. The secondary sector transforms raw materials into manufactured products. The T-shirts are packed in boxes. Lorries take them to the shops. Shop assistants sell the T-shirts. ACTIVITIES 1 Name four activities in the primary sector. Are they jobs in big cities or in rural areas? 2 SPEAKING. Look at the photo. What are they making? Where are they making it? sixty-nine 69

21 Where people work II 6.10 Jobs in the tertiary sector The tertiary sector is also called the service sector. Workers in this sector provide us with trade, health, education and transport. 1 In Spain, 74 out of 100 people work in this sector. In the European Union, 68 out of 100 people work in this sector. Trade Trade is the buying and selling of products, for example, when shopkeepers sell products to customers. Trade connects products from the primary and secondary sectors with consumers. Domestic trade means buying and selling products within a country. It includes products we buy in shops and supermarkets. Foreign trade means buying and selling products to and from other countries. Imports are products we buy from other countries. Exports are products we sell to other countries. WORK WITH THE PICTURE Which photo shows the education sector? Which photo shows trade? A B 1 Jobs in the tertiary sector. A. Teachers work in the tertiary sector. B. Supermarkets sell products to customers. 70 seventy

22 Other services There are other services apart from trade, such as education, health and financial services. Transport and tourism are important services in Spain and the European Union. Transport moves products and passengers, via roads, motorways, airports and ports. There are different means of transport, like planes, ships, trains and lorries. Workers in the tertiary sector provide us with trade, health, education and transport. All activities that relate to holidays are part of tourism. This includes transport, holiday companies, bars and restaurants. ACTIVITIES 1 Name three jobs that are in the service sector. Are these jobs important in Spain? 2 Look at the photos. Identify the services and jobs in each picture. A B C 3 SPEAKING. Describe a job in tourism for your partner to guess. seventy-one 71

23 KNOW HOW TO Describe a production process How does orange juice reach the consumer? Many different sectors and jobs are involved. A B C D E F Analyse the photos. 1 Answer the questions. What different jobs can you see? What sectors of the economy can you see? Order the process. 2 Put the pictures in order. Write sentences in your notebook to describe each stage of the process. Label each stage primary, secondary or tertiary sector. First, the farmer grows the oranges. Then, Describe a production process. 3 Think of another product. Find photos or draw the production process in your notebook. 72 seventy-two

24 FINAL ACTIVITIES 6 1 DIAGRAM. Copy and complete the diagram in your notebook. population changes 6.12 are caused by births emigration the population decreases 2 Draw a Venn diagram in your notebook comparing inactive population and active population. Complete it with these sectors of the population. children adults senior citizens 3 Draw a table in your notebook. Classify these jobs into the primary, secondary or tertiary sector. farmer teacher miner fisherman factory worker waiter engineer dentist architect primary secondary tertiary Show your skills Choose and do one of these activities: A. Draw a table in your notebook showing the number of boys and girls in your class. Then, draw a bar chart. B. Prepare a presentation about a country you want to visit. Include information about its population, population density and its economic sectors. C. ICT. Choose a job in the service sector. Search the Internet and write a brief description. seventy-three 73

25 TEST YOURSELF Check your vocabulary active population all adults who are able to work. aquifer a deposit of groundwater. birth rate the number of babies born in a place in one year. census the list of inhabitants in a municipality, province or country. course the route a river takes. death rate the number of people who die in a place in one year. deforestation the loss of forest. emigrants people who leave one place to go and live in another place. flow regime the amount of water a river carries. glacier a large area of thick ice. groundwater water that is deposited under the ground. gully a course where water only flows after it rains. immigrants people who come to live in a place. inactive population all children, adults too ill to work and retired adults. landscape an area of land that has a particular appearance. ocean currents movements caused by differences in sea water temperature. pollution the release of harmful substances into the air, water or land. population the number of inhabitants in a place. population density tells us if a place has a large or a small population. primary sector jobs that obtain resources from nature. river basin an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries. secondary sector jobs that turn raw materials into manufactured products. source the place where a river begins. spring the place where water flows from an aquifer. surface water water found on the surface of the Earth. tertiary sector jobs that provide services. tides the rising and falling of the sea level. tributary a river that flows into another river. water cycle the movement of water around the Earth. It takes place between the atmosphere and the Earth s crust. watershed an area of land where all the main rivers flow into the same sea. waves movements of water caused by the wind. 1 Describe the main parts of a river. 2 Explain the water cycle. 74 seventy-four

26 TERM 2 Check your progress Copy and write the correct answers in your notebook. 1 Clouds form during... a. evaporation. b. condensation. c. precipitation. 2 Most fresh water on Earth is in... a. underground aquifers. b. ice and snow in glaciers and the poles. c. river water. 3 The longest rivers on the Iberian Peninsula are found in the... a. Cantabrian watershed. b. Atlantic watershed. c. Mediterranean watershed. 4 Man-made elements include... a. fields. b. lakes. c. rivers. 5 In Spain, inland landscapes are transformed by a. industry. b. farming. c. tourism. 6 The landscape of the Balearic Islands is... a. Mediterranean. b. Atlantic. c. Inland. 7 The coastal areas of Spain are... a. sparsely populated. b. moderately populated. c. densely populated. 8 The economic activity that produces manufactured goods is... a. mining. b. industry. c. commerce. 9 The biggest economic sector in Spain is... a. the service sector. b. farming. c. construction. Check your answers Correct the wrong answers. Write in your notebook the lessons that you need to practise again. Think like a geographer Million people 100 Geographers use bar graphs to compare information. Look at the bar graph and answer the questions in your notebook. What does the vertical axis represent? What does the horizontal axis represent? Germany United Kingdom France Italy Spain Which are the three most populated countries in the European Union? 10 0 seventy-five 75

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