Study questions for Perry et al s European Expansion reading

Transcription

1 Study questions for Perry et al s European Expansion reading Readings: Perry, et al (1994). European Expansion and Social Transformations in Western Expansion: Ideas, Politics, and Society. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Sample Objective section questions 1. You are a Christian warrior living in the years between 1000 and You have just participated in a campaign in which Christian forces reconquered land from Muslim forces. Further, your reconquest will be permanent. The lands you re-conquered from Muslim rulers will remain in Christian hands for hundreds of years. (In what modern day) country were you most likely fighting? a. Bulgaria b. Denmark c. France d. Germany e. Spain f. Turkey 2. Here s a question more from class than our readings. The reading (Stavrianos, chap 22) implies that, between about 1,000 and 1492, Christian rulers reconquered lands from Muslim rulers all over Europe. However, while Christian rulers were reconquering Muslim lands in some parts of Europe, in other parts, the opposite was true. In which of the following countries, were Muslim rulers taking lands from Christian rulers? Note, it s more important to know the region of Europe into which Muslim rulers were expanding rather than know any specific country. a. Bulgaria b. Denmark c. France d. Germany e. Spain f. Turkey 3. Here s a question more from class than our readings. What role did Ottoman expansion play in European overseas expansion? More how did Ottoman expansion change interest Western Europeans had when it came to overseas exploration? a. Phooey! The answers are left out again. b. Look back at your class notes. c. Blah, blah, blah. d. Yaddi, yaddi, yah. 4. What was the Reconquista? a. Skippity, dippity, doo. b. Yakkity, yakkity, yak. c. Scooby Dooby Doo. d. Blibbity, blabbity, blah. 5. Here s a question more from class than our readings. What was 1 of the main products Portugal got from her early (pre 1700) colonies. Check 1 blank (although there are actually 3 correct ones). Cattle products (leather, salted meat) Chocolate Cocao Cod and other fish Coffee Cotton Furs Iron ore

2 Silver & Gold in great quantities Slaves Spices Sugar Wheat and other grains Wood for building ships 6. Here s a question more from class than our readings. What was the 1 main product Spain got from her early (pre 1550) colonies. Check 1 blank. Cattle products (leather, salted meat) Iron ore Chocolate Silver & Gold in great quantities Cocao Slaves Cod and other fish Spices Coffee Sugar Cotton Wheat and other grains Furs Wood for building ships 7. Here s a question more from class than our readings. How might Spain s early profits, from her colonies, have affected Spain s long-run development? a. The general consensus is that profits from her colonies allowed Spain to industrialize much faster than would have otherwise happened. Although Spain was not the first European nation to industrialize, she was in the race because profits from her colonies. b. Spanish Kings no longer had to call Parliaments of landowners (Cortes ) when they needed money. Spain failed to develop a representative and restrained government.. c. Early Spanish industrialists used raw materials from Spain s colonies to make their product. Although Spain was not the first European nation to industrialize, she was in the race because of the raw materials her colonies provided. d. The Spanish Kings desire to have the Pope sanction their colonies led to anti-protestant laws. Despite the majority of the population being Protestant, Spain turned Catholic. The crackdown on the Protestant majority led to poor individual liberties and property rights. 8. What is another way in which Spain s early colonial profits might have affected Spain s long-run development? a. Success in the colonies led to a mass-outmigration of Spaniards from Spain to the colonies. Spain was not left with the cheap, abundant, labor that nation needs to industrialize. b. The Spanish government, early on, used colonial profits to buy entire fleets of English ships and sailors. Spain thus quickly gained the best seafaring knowledge there was in Europe. Until about 1763, Spain used this to become Europe s leading naval power. c. Most goods imported into Spain were packed in lead-lined containers. This lead to lead poisoning, less work effort, and less innovation in Spain. Other European powers used tin instead of lead and did not suffer this problem. d. The inflow of silver and gold caused prices in Spain to rise above that of the rest of Europe. Goods made in Spain were hard to sell in Europe, whereas Spanish citizens found foreign goods cheap. Spanish entrepreneurs had little incentive to make anything in Spain.

3 # s 9 & 10 : Below you have a beautiful map of the world with 12 circled regions. Use this map to answer the questions below. 9. List (the number of) 2 regions in which Spain was the main colonizer. Note, Spain may have colonized more than 2 of the regions shown, but I only want you to list two., and 10. List (the number of) 2 regions in which Portugal was, for a time at least, the main colonizer., and Blah? 5. Blah?

4 11. Which of the following is typical of a Portuguese colony in Africa or Asia? a. Very few Portuguese settled in this colony. It was mostly a trading post staffed by just a few Portuguese. b. Some Portuguese settle in this colony as farmers and merchants. The population of the colony ends up being about 60% native, 40% Portuguese. c. Many Portuguese settle in this colony as farmers, merchants, etc. The population of the colony ends up being about 90% native, 10% Portuguese. 12. Gema SuparmanWulandari is a native living in what will become the today s nation of Indonesia. The year is 1522 and Gema sees a European trader, the first European ever to come to his region. Where is this European likely from? Hint: Who was the 1 st European power in this region? 13. The year is now Gema s Great-great-great granddaughter, Nisrinia is a native living in what will become the today s nation of Indonesia. Nisrinia sees a European trader in town. Where is this European likely from? Hint: Who was the second major power in this region; the power who kicked out # 12 above? 14. It is 1720 and a ship with African slaves has just arrived at a New world port? In what task will these slaves most likely be used? a. raising cattle b. growing cotton c. fishing d. making iron e. growing sugar f. growing wheat 15. What is one of the differences between the slavery seen in the Atlantic trade and slavery in ancient and Medieval Europe? a. blah b. blah c. see class notes d. blah 16. What, according to our reading and lecture, was the Price Revolution? a. blah b. blah c. blah d. blah 17. What, according to our reading (pp our packet, i.e of Perry), was a cause of the Price Revolution? a. blah b. blah c. blah d. blah

5 18. What, in the context of this course, is meant by Enclosure : a. The privatization of lands that were previously farmed using communal labor. b. The Ottoman Empire s attempt to monopolize the trade between Europe and India by controlling the Middle East. c. Restricting a nation s ability to access markets through blockade and military force. d. Running short of land for each person because of very high population growth. 19. How did Enclosure and privatization of land affect agricultural productivity in England? a. Blah, blah, blah. b. Yakkity, yakkity, yak. c. Yaddi, yaddi yah. d. Hoosker-doody-doo. 20. Which of the following scholars are famous for studying changes in English land ownership from the end of the Middle Ages until the 19 th century (1800 s)? Check 2, and only 2, names. I will list both the first and last name, but you only have to know the last name. I will not list two people with the same last name. Name 1 Name 2 Name 3 Name 4 Name 5 Name 6 Name 7 Name 8 Name 9 and for a bit of a repeat of # What is the last name of the author, more of a historian than economic historian, who described the different paths of land ownership and labor taken by England, France, and Eastern Europe? 22. What is the last name of the author, more of an economic historian than historian, who describes the England s Enclosure Movement and why it was very important for English development? 23. What is the putting out system? It is a system in which a. feudal lords would rent or put out their peasants to other lords b. governments decide what will be produced (ex. military goods). The actual production of the goods, however, are done by the private sector. c. feudal lords would retain title to a piece of land, but make it available to peasants (i.e. put it out ) in exchange for approximately half the crop d. an entrepreneur distributes or puts out goods to many homes. In the homes the goods are processed. The individual workers then return the good to the entrepreneur. 24. The putting out system illustrates that: a. differences in land ownership explain much of why some countries became rich and others did not. b. commercial advances were possible under feudalism. Feudalism was not inherently anti-commercial. c. high levels of specialization are possible without production being centralized in factories.

6 25. What is a fluit (or fluyt) (see reading (pp our packet, i.e of Perry)? 26. Whi is the above fluit important? # s 27 29: Match each region with how their agricultural system changed from about 1530 to Country 27. England 28. France 29. Eastern Germany New Agricultural System a. Land is no longer farmed in the medieval, communal fashion. Instead each worker typically has a very small plot of land for his family. He can farm this land pretty much as he pleases. There are, however, also large estates. There are also many feudal obligations (peasants owing lords certain taxes and goods). b. Land is no longer farmed communally. Instead, there are very large estates that are privately owned by rich land owners. The workers (former peasants) are now wage laborers. c. There are very large estates that are privately owned by rich land owners. The workers are attached to the land and cannot freely move elsewhere in search of different work. The workers are, in effect, serfs. d. Land is no longer farmed communally. Instead there are many moderately sized lots each able to support a family and then some. These plots are owned by small tenant farmers. Farm workers are free to move about the country. 30. Below you are given a map of Western Europe. Several regions are circled. Which three regions were the most commercially advanced places in Europe around the year 1500? Hint: OK, there is no map below. But What were three commercial areas we discussed in class? Milan, Genoa, and Venice are in one. Amsterdam and Brussels are in another. London, York, and Manchester are in a third.