Global Business Management

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Timothy Cook
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1 Global Business Management Country Report Professor Yingchan Edwin Tang Dien Rachel Sandra Patrick Shawna Weiling Onpicha Tina

2 Outline China s geography History of China, heritages, wars and impacts - Warring States period - Qin dynasty - Han dynasty - Yuan dynasty - Ming dynasty - Qing dynasty

3 China s Geography - Geography note - Terrain - Climate - River - Geographical regions

4 9.6 million km² 3 rd largest country in total area Stretches 5,026 km

7 No 1 : Yangtzu, 6.380km No 2 : Huangha (Yellow river ), 5.464km, the cradle of Chinese civilization Serve more than 1/3 of China population (> 400mil people)

8 How many of the major cities of China are on major rivers? Do you think Shanghai's geographical situation helps explain its prominence?

9 Geographical regions Energy project, food production, raw materials Mineral and animal processing Hi-tech industries producing goods for export

10 China and Go-West policy

11 History of China, heritages, wars and impacts - Warring States period - Qin dynasty - Han dynasty - Yuan dynasty - Ming dynasty - Qing dynasty

History of China ANCIENT History of China Neolithic c. 8500 c. 2100 BC Xia dynasty c. 2100 c. 1600 BC Shang dynasty c. 1600 c. 1046 BC Zhou dynasty c.

12 History of China ANCIENT History of China Neolithic c c BC Xia dynasty c c BC Shang dynasty c c BC Zhou dynasty c BC Western Zhou Eastern Zhou Neolithic Spring and Autumn Warring States IMPERIAL Qin dynasty BC Xia dynasty Han dynasty 206 BC 220 AD Western Han Shang dynasty Tang dynasty Xin dynasty Eastern Han Three Kingdoms Wei, Shu and Wu Warring States Zhou dynasty Jin dynasty Western Jin Eastern Jin Sixteen Kingdoms Yuan dynasty Southern and Northern Dynasties Sui dynasty BC 206BC Qin dynasty Ming dynasty Tang dynasty (Second Zhou ) Five Dynasties and Liao dynasty Ten Kingdoms AD Han dynasty Qing dynasty Song dynasty Northern Song Southern Song Jin Yuan dynasty W. Xia Ming dynasty Qing dynasty MODERN

Warring States period (476 221 BC) A period in ancient China

Coincides with the second half of the Eastern Zhou dynasty Seven

13 Warring States period ( BC) A period in ancient China following the Spring and Autumn period and concluding by Qin Coincides with the second half of the Eastern Zhou dynasty Seven Warring States The name of this period was derived from the Record of the Warring States

14 Spring and Autumn / Warring States period - The rise of Hundred Schools of Thought Constant conflict and need for innovative social and political models led to the development of many philosophies. Confucius founded the first private school Confucianism (Ruism). Mohism- represented by Mozi Legalism - represented by Shang Yang & Han Fei Taoism - represented by Lao Tzu

Qin dynasty (221 206 BC) First imperial dynasty of China The first Emperor of Qin was known as Qin Shi Huang Highly structured political power and a stable economy

15 Qin dynasty ( BC) First imperial dynasty of China The first Emperor of Qin was known as Qin Shi Huang Highly structured political power and a stable economy Currency, weights and measures were standardized, and a uniform system of writing system was established The European name for China is thought to be derived from Qin

16 Qin's campaign against the Xiongnu General Meng Tian QIN 221 to 206 BC 215 BC Xiongnu

17 Great Wall To prevent people from invasion by other countries To show Qin s technology and power

Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor - The Terracotta Warriors and Horses At

Xianyan(now Xian). Took 39 years to build by 800,000 workers. 56.

The terracotta figures are life-sized painted with bright pigment.

18 Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor - The Terracotta Warriors and Horses At the center of a complex designed to mirror the urban plan of the capital Xianyan(now Xian). Took 39 years to build by 800,000 workers square kilometers. The terracotta figures are life-sized painted with bright pigment. Real weapons made by bronze. unprecedented political, military and economic power and advanced the social, cultural and artistic level of the empire.

19 Han dynasty (202 BC AD 220) Founded by Liu Bang A golden age in Chinese history Territory of China was extended to areas far west Art, culture, and science all advanced to unprecedented heights

Silk Road 7,500 km, interconnected Asia and Europe.

20 Silk Road 7,500 km, interconnected Asia and Europe. Extended in Tang and Sung Dynasty. Explorations of Chinese imperial envoy- Zhang Qian. Commercial relationships with the sophisticated urban civilizations. Trade raw materials, foodstuffs, luxury goods tea, porcelain, silk. 166AD, Roman empire send the first envoy team to China. Cultural exchange religion, philosophy, technology.

21 THE MONGOL EMPIRE & THE YUAN DYNASTY

22 THE MONGOL EMPIRE Mongols were nomadic peoples of Northern China In 1206, a powerful leader (khan) united them- his name was Temjujin He became the universal ruler, or Genghis Khan

23 THE MONGOL CONQUEST Genghis Khan organized a Mongol army that brutally terrorized, massacred entire villages, and conquered the areas of most of Asia and western Europe In 1211 he turned his attention towards China- by his death in 1227, Genghis Khan controlled all of northern China

Emperor of China-Beginning the Yuan Dynasty This Mongol

24 THE YUAN DYNASTY In 1279, Genghis Khan s grandson, Kublai Khan conquered the rest of China and declared himself Emperor of China-Beginning the Yuan Dynasty This Mongol Ascendancy is the first time China has been ruled by foreigners

25 LIFE IN YUAN CHINA Mongol leaders had different customs from the Chinese natives The Chinese resented being ruled by foreigners; they saw the as rude and uncivilized Heavy taxes were placed on the Chinese to pay for public work projects; such as expansion of the Great Canal, roads, and palaces Mongols prohibited Confucian scholars from gaining too much power in the government

26 LIFE IN YUAN CHINA Mongol soldiers were sent throughout the empire to keep the peace and watch the Chinese They also opened China s ports to foreign trade; with some traders receiving special privileges Market place where foreign goods were sold

world between 1271-1295 He wrote about his travels in

27 Much of what is known about the Yuan comes from the Italian merchant s experiences as he traded around the world between He wrote about his travels in China- his descriptions sparked European interest in China MARCO POLO

28 THE END OF THE YUAN DYNASTY The Mongols were not satisfied with only conquering the Chinese lands- they wanted Japan as well In 1274 and again in 1281, they sailed out to attack Japan-but both times were disastrous These failed attempts weakened the Mongol military & over extended public works crippled the economy These weakness lead to a Chinese rebellion to overthrow the Mongols

29 Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia and Eastern Iran 1219 to Mongol Empire It is a failure for Mongol to trade and keep diplomatic relations It is the beginning of Mongolian's "western conquering"

30 The Khwarezmid Empire was utterly destroyed. Almost 30 cities were added to the Mongol Empire

31 THE MING DYNASTY: Founded by Hong-Wu, a former beggar and Buddhist monk, who led the Red Turbans to victory driving the Mongols Restored native Chinese rule Restored Confucianism and the government examination system as central to his administration

32 EMPEROR YONGLO (ZHU DI)

33 EMPEROR YONGLO Hired Admiral Zheng He to lead a series of seven voyages: travelled to Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and East Africa Greatly expanded Chinese influence treasure fleet was intended to represent the magnificence of China After Yonglo, China no longer sponsored foreign expeditions

34 EMPEROR YONGLO AND BEIJING Moved the capital to Beijing in the North better able to secure China s borders and watch for an invasion from the Mongols and Manchus Built Beijing s Forbidden City to house his palace and government buildings closed to all commoners and foreigners Continued to support the extension of the Great wall as a barrier against the nomadic tribes in the North

35 BEIJING S FORBIDDEN CITY

36 GREAT WALL Mongols continued to represent a serious threat to China s stability Ming emperor greatly expanded a wall begun in the third century B.C. the Great Wall of China to its final form being extended more than 600 miles Large workforce and army required Great Wall: successful at preventing major Mongol invasions in the 1500s

38 MING RELATIONS WITH FOREIGNERS Only the government allowed to conduct foreign trade (merchants smuggled goods out of country though) Europeans used their New World silver to buy silk, ceramics, and other exotic goods Jesuit missionaries arrived to spread Christianity Confucian beliefs: agriculture is key to orderly society government does not focus on manufacturing Merchants were at the bottom of society seen as supporting foreigners and robbery China becomes isolationist the Dutch are the only Europeans allowed into Chinese ports Dutch closely follow Chinese rules

39 CHINA UNDER THE MING The Ming eliminated foreign influences from Chinese society As a result, China s government and relationship with other countries changed drastically

40 MING CHINA S DECLINE Imperial extravagance & neglect Famine strikes in the 1630s --- peasants revolt Later emperors stopped consulting government officials Navy became ineffective --- leading to piracy Beijing falls in 1644 to Manchus Last Ming emperor commits ritual suicide

Established imperial control over the maritime trade Forced foreign countries into

41 Treasure voyages 鄭和下西洋 Zheng He Xia Xiyang The seven Ming-era maritime voyages of the treasure fleet between 1405 and Established imperial control over the maritime trade Forced foreign countries into compliance within the tributary system Responded to another power across Asia, namely the Timurid state of Tamerlane, an enemy of Ming China

43 Treasure voyages 鄭和下西洋 Zheng He Xia Xiyang Impact 1. Diplomacy -pacified under the threat of an overwhelming military force 2. Commerce -resulted in a flourishing Ming economy 3. Navigation -acquired and collected a large amount of navigational data

44 THE QING DYNASTY (MANCHU) Seized Korea and Mongolia in the 1620s and 1630s Ruled China from 1644 until it was replaced by the Chinese Republic in 1911 Basis for Manchu power: 1. Military strength and 2. The corrupt, ineffective Ming government (many Ming generals and bureaucrats deserted to the Manchu) Unified Manchu Tribes Issued law code

46 LONG REIGN OF KANXI( )

47 QING & CULTURAL BLENDING: KANGXI ADOPTS CHINESE CULTURE Strong and effective leadership kept tensions low Qing Rulers looked after peoples welfare and promoted agriculture Emperors studied and understood Confucianism Patronized Confucian schools and academies opened a national library and created encyclopedia of Chinese history and thought

48 THE REIGN OF QIANLONG ( )

49 QIANLONG S SUCCESSFUL RULE Learned emperor who supported economic strength--- participation in global trade brings wealth and eventual change to China Economy strong enough to cancel tax collection 4 times! Agricultural production increased new fertilizers, irrigation techniques, New World crops (e.g. sweet potatoes)----increased population Qing Dynasty s decline comes in the late 19 th century-- partly caused by pressure from Great Britain to open China s ports

50 THE DECLINE OF QING DYNASTY: 1750 Numerous military campaigns Corruption and extravagance Growing population 450 million Incompetent government Crime and banditry Rising population

51 Opium War 鴉片戰爭 Background 1. The West countries-industrial Revolution 2. China-Heavenly Nation (closed-door policy) 3. Reverse the trade deficit- The U.K. input Opium to China March 1839 August 1842( Frist Opium War) British victory, Treaty of Nanking

53 Opium War 鴉片戰爭 Impact 1. Forced China to open the door 2. Promoted the development of the Chinese business 3. Brought modern civilization and technology 4. Ceded Hong Kong Island

(3) Influence -In 1860 the British and French burned the palace down at the end of the Second

54 The Summer Palace 頤和園 (1) World Heritage Site -Beijing -A masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design. (2) Description -As summer resort for Empress Dowager Cixi. (3) Influence -In 1860 the British and French burned the palace down at the end of the Second Opium War. -In 1900 the eight allied powers burned and mostly destroyed the garden. Many of the Palace's artefacts were divided.

C.) (3) Functions -Prevented incursions from barbarian nomads into the Chinese Empire -The control of border.

55 The Great Wall of China 長城 (1) World Heritage Site - Northern China - The world's largest military structure. (2) Description -Consists of numerous walls and fortifications -Originally conceived by Emperor Qin Shi Huang ( B.C.) -Constructed mainly during the mighty Ming dynasty ( A.C.) (3) Functions -Prevented incursions from barbarian nomads into the Chinese Empire -The control of border. -The control of immigration and emigration -The powerful symbol of the country s enduring strength.

The Forbidden City 紫禁城 (1)World Heritage Site -Beijing -The largest

980 surviving buildings With 9,999 rooms A rectangle, with 961 metres (3,153

(2) Description - The Chinese imperial palace from the Ming dynasty to the

56 The Forbidden City 紫禁城 (1)World Heritage Site -Beijing -The largest collection of preserved ancient wooden structures in the world. 980 surviving buildings With 9,999 rooms A rectangle, with 961 metres (3,153 ft) from north to south and 753 metres (2,470 ft) from east to west. (2) Description - The Chinese imperial palace from the Ming dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty (3) Nowadays-The Palace Museum -whose extensive collection of artwork and artifacts.

57 T H A N K Y O U!

Standard Objective: To learn that China increased contact with the outside world, but eventually withdrew to isolationism.

Standard Objective: To learn that China increased contact with the outside world, but eventually withdrew to isolationism. Standard 7.3.4: Standard 7.3.4 Objective: To learn that China increased contact with the outside world, but eventually withdrew to isolationism. The Mongol Empire Who were the Mongols? Nomadic peoples