[ 1.2 ] Early Europe, Africa, and Asia

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1 [ 1.2 ] Early Europe, Africa, and Asia

2 [ 1.2 ] Early Europe, Africa, and Asia Learning Objectives Describe how Europe changed in the Middle Ages, including through technological innovations. Describe patterns of trade and technological innovations in the Muslim world, Africa, and East Asia. Identify the impact of technological innovations on Renaissance Europe.

3 [ 1.2 ] Early Europe, Africa, and Asia Key Terms feudalism manor Christianity Crusades innovations astrolabe Islam Silk Road caravans savanna extended family kinship Renaissance

4

5 Europe in the Middle Ages The period from about A.D 500 to around 1500 is known as the Middle Ages. During the early Middle Ages, invasion and war were common. People in Europe had to find new means of defending themselves.

6 Europe in the Middle Ages Feudalism Daily Life in Feudal Society Religion The Crusades Growing Trade Technological Innovations in Navigation

7 Feudalism

8 Europe in the Middle Ages A typical medieval manor included a castle, a church, fields for agriculture and livestock, and dwellings for serfs. Life revolved around the manor, which was self sufficient. Who would this make life difficult for?

9 Changes are a Coming New methods of farming Trade Decline in war

10 Europe in the Middle Ages Many medieval Christians joined the Crusades to fight for control of territory in the Middle East.

11 Religion The Roman Catholic Church was the most powerful force in western Europe and the main branch of Christianity.

12 Discuss Within your learning community discuss the following: What does the comment the main branch of Christianity mean? Why are there branches of Christianity? List a few you know.

13 Church Rules! The church owed large amounts of land and offered the only source of education Clergy could read and write

14 The Crusades Series of wars fought by Christians to control the Holy Land

15

16

17 The Middle East Middle Eastern merchants played a large role in this growing trade. Linking Europe, Africa, and Asia, the Middle East was a major crossroads of the world.

18 Technology Magnetic Compass for sailing Astrolabe to determine latitude while sailing

19 The Middle East Middle Eastern merchants played a huge role in growing trade that linked Europe, Africa, and Asia spreading goods as well as religion Islam emerged in the early 600s in Arabia and began spreading from South Asia to Spain and Portugal

20 The Middle East Analyze Maps How did the growth of trade in the Middle East influence the spread of Islam?

21 More than 1 Religion Islam expanded through trade and sword What about Christianity, Judaism, and other religions?

22 It Wasn t all Bad Basic duty to make a pilgrimage to Mecca sharing knowledge A 10 th century mathematician invented the first pin-hole camera A Muslim engineer invented the crankshaft Windmill was invented in Persia to grind corn Triangular sails were used to sail to ports around the Indian Ocean Sailors could predict the weather in that area

23 Trade Porcelains, perfumes, jade, tea and fabric from China Nutmeg, clove, and mace from Spice Islands of Indonesia Cloth, indigo, spices, salt, sugar, and slaves from East Africa Hello Silk Road!!

24 African Trade Trade routes played a large role in Africa, too. Longdistance trade routes crossed the Sahara, the desert linking West Africa and North Africa. Children would shout Batafo! Batafo! Sacks of salt or dried fish, gold, fabrics, jewelry, and slaves would quickly be unloaded

25 African Cultures and Technologies Lateen sail was believed to be invented in Egypt Astrolabe was believed to be adapted for sea travel by North Africans

26 Life in Africa Life differed across Africa Trading states flourished in some regions, but most people lived outside these kingdoms in small villages Herders, fishermen, farmers

27 Family & Culture Family relationships were important Extended family lived in one household grandparents, parents, children, aunts, uncle, and cousins Elders were respected for their wisdom and knowledge Kinship linked families and drew loyalty and encouraged a sense of community and cooperation Religious beliefs varied, but even death did not break family links Africans honored the spirits of their ancestors as well as forces of nature Powerful spirits could harm or help them.

28 African Cultures and Technologies Analyze Charts How did the exchange of goods and information between Africa and Eurasia benefit both regions?

29 China Power was centered on one emperor that was often suspicious of outsiders. China was the most isolated civilization of the ancient world. Long distances and physical barriers separated it from Egypt, the Middle East, and India. This isolation contributed to the Chinese belief that China was the center of the Earth and the sole source of civilization. The ancient Chinese looked down on outsiders who did not speak Chinese or follow Chinese ways.

30 Chinese Trade and Technology Rudder Watertight compartments Magnetic compass

31 Chinese Trade and Technology Zheng He (JUNG HUH) ordered a fleet of more than 300 ships for trade The largest ship was more than 400 ft long! Made 7 voyages to trade in Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and East Africa expanding Chinese trade and influence A new emperor decided China had nothing to learn from the outside world and outlawed most foreign trade The rudder on this Chinese trading ship allowed the craft to be steered more easily.

32 Chinese Trade and Technology The mechanical clock was one of ancient China s many technological innovations.

33 Paper in AD 105 Printing press with movable type Gunpowder

34 Europe s Renaissance Increased trade and travel made Europeans eager to learn more about the wider world. Scholars looked in monastery libraries for manuscripts of ancient Greek and Roman works. Some traveled to the Middle East, where many ancient works had been preserved.

35 Europe s Renaissance Europeans Search for New Trade Routes Portuguese Voyages Further Exploration

36 Europe s Renaissance During the Renaissance, printing presses with movable type, as shown here, allowed printers to mass-produce books, helping to spread new learning.

37 Europe s Renaissance This map shows the sea routes taken by Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama. Analyze Maps Which Portuguese explorer stayed closer to land?

38 Quiz: Europe in the Middle Ages In Europe during the Middle Ages, the people most likely to be able to read and write were A. peasants. B. clergymen. C. feudal lords. D. merchants. B. clergymen.

39 Quiz: The Middle East How did the city of Mecca promote trade? A. It was the starting point of the Silk Road. B. Muslim travel to the city spurred the spread of trade routes. C. The city lies near both land and sea routes connecting Africa. D. All gold and slaves from Africa had to travel through the city. B. Muslim travel to the city spurred the spread of trade routes.

40 Quiz: African Cultures and Technologies Along with luxury items such as gold, ivory, and hardwoods, Arab merchants travelled to East Africa to acquire A. gunpowder B. perfume C. enslaved Africans D. silk C. enslaved Africans

41 Quiz: Chinese Trade and Technology Which feature of Chinese civilization had the greatest impact on other civilizations? A. its geographic isolation B. silk traded on the Silk Road C. its thriving trade D. its new technologies D. its new technologies

42 Quiz: Europe s Renaissance What caused the Portuguese to look for a route to Asia by way of Africa? A. It took too long to travel by way of the Mediterranean Sea. B. The Silk Road was too dangerous for Europeans to travel along. C. Italian and Middle Eastern merchants controlled all the Mediterranean routes D. They had heard tales of Indian sailors making the same journey in reverse. C. Italian and Middle Eastern merchants controlled all the Mediterranean routes

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