a f08 eg]sf] k};f xf]og

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "a f08 eg]sf] k};f xf]og"

Transcription

1

2

3 A Brief Introduction to Everest School Prominent for its academic excellence, EVEREST SCHOOL was founded in 1983 in Mibachhein, Bhaktapur in order to impart education to children of irrespective of caste, creed, gender, society, culture and earning background and develop them holistically. Everest, as a center of excellence dreamt in low cost quality education in a learner-centered and joyful environment which is a current reality. In Everest premises, it has pre-primary, primary, lower secondary and secondary levels. As one of the attractions of initial schooling, Everest preschool program is striving towards quality for the following reasons: It provides optimal learning environment to children with fun and age appropriate activities, including lots of hands-on experiences such as field trips, music class, dance, swimming, forest kindergarten, etc. It manages children stimulation in order to inculcate them holistically. In a quality local school setting, it eliminates the need for travelling long distances encouraging and teaching them the lesson of responsibility and positive learning experiences through play. Features of Everest Pre-school Program Our pre-school program is one of the best model programs in the valley acknowledged by Early Childhood Education Center Our pre-school program is well-equipped with every element for qualitative pre-school such as learning environment, child friendly curriculum, partnering with parents, trained teachers, positive and supportive school management It believes on creating socially responsible children through their participation in different curricular and multidimensional activities based on integrated teaching. With its own curriculum, our pre-school program is based on two pillars: Development and Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP).Holistic development Assurance to Prospective Parents After the completion of this program, Everest school assures to its prospective parents through its well-informed and trained pre-school graduates the following: To fit into any school without transitional difficulty with proper level of development in their self-confidence and independence To explore, experiment, discover and learn sharing with others To gain appropriate and necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes for positive virtues being respectful to others To develop physical, social, cultural, cognitive, and emotional skills at appropriate levels EvErEst English school Bhaktapur, Mibachhen, Nepal. Tel: , (Post Box: 3514, Kathmandu) everest_edu@yahoo.com, Website (Help Line : ) u'0f:t/lo lziffdf k lta4 o; ljgfos lziff lgs]tg O+lUn; ;]s]g8/l :s'n ;a}sf nflu lziffú egg] d"n gf/fsf] ;fndf :yfkgf epsf] xf]. :yfkgfsfnb]lv afnaflnsfnfo{ cfkm\gf] df}lns ;+:s[lt / g}lts d"nodfgotfdf cfwfl/t lziff k bfg ug{ ;kmn o; ljbfnodf Kn] u 'kb]lv siff!) ;Dd k7gkf7g eo/x]sf] 5. P;Pn;L k/liffdf k To]s jif{ ;jf]{ts[i6 glthf xfl;n ub}{ cfpsf] 5. k"j{k flj txb]lv afnaflnsfdf c;n ;+:sf/, ;Eo efiff / ;fdflhs l;ksf] ljsf; x'g'k5{ egg] dfgotf /fvl ut jif{b]lv k"j{k flj txsf nflu 5' } ejgsf] Joj:yf u/l dg6]:j/l k 0ffnLdf hf]8 lbopsf] 5. ljz]iftfm ECEC af6 tflnd k fkt lzlifsfåf/f cwofkg u/fog] afnaflnsfnfo{ dfgl;s tgfjd'qm jftfj/0fdf dg6]:j/l lzif0f ljlw ckgfo{ k7g kf7g u/fog] g]kfnl / c+u ]hl dfwodaf6 k9fo x'g] 3/b}nf]glhs};Dd ;jf/l;fwgsf] Joj:yf epsf] ljbfnod} :j:ys/ vfhfsf] Joj:yf epsf] c u ]hl dft[efifl :jo+;]ljsfåf/f k7g kf7g u/fog] cleefjs :jo+;]ljsf lzifs lzlifsfsf] Joj:yf Audio-Visual siffsf] Joj:yf epsf] cleefjsnfo{ k Tofe"lt afnaflnsfnfo{ c;n ;+:sf/, ;Eo efiff, ;fdflhs / zf/ll/s ljsf; g} k"j{ k fljsf] d'vo p2]zo xf]. oxl Holistic Approach cg';f/ afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{+ul0f ljsf;df ;dlk{t 5f}F. ;fy}, afnaflnsfsf nflu ;'/lift jftfj/0f / JolQmut x]/ljrf/, ;/;kmfodf ljz]if Wofg lbog]5. cfjzostfcg';f/ cleefjs lziff / cjnf]sg e d0fsf] Joj:yf klg ;do ;dodf ul/g]5. ljgfos lziff lgs]tg O ln; ;]s]g8/l :s'n dwok'/ lydl, eqmk'/ kmf]gm ^^#@%^* k"j{ k fylds tx ljbfno lziffsf] cfwf/ tx xf]. o; cy{df of] ljbfyl{x sf] ;jf{ª\ul0f ljsf;sf] cfwf/ to ug]{ dxtjk"0f{ ;do xf]. ljbfyl{x sf] z}lifs dfq gep/ ;fdflhs, g}lts, ;f+:s[lts / Jojxfl/s ;Lksf cfwf/x tof/ x'g] ;do epsfn] o; txsf ljbfyl{x nfo{ pko'qm jftfj/0fdf pko'qm ;Lk l;sfpg ctofjzos 5. / of] sfo{ sd r'gf}ltk"0f{ 5}g. ;fgf ;fgf s]6fs]6lsf] ;jf{ªul0f ljsf; hl6n ljifo eps} sf/0f g]kfndf k f/ldes afn ljsf;sf] wf/0ff klxno} cfpsf] elgp klg km:6fpg ;s]g. cfh klg ;/sf/l dftxtdf v'n]sf clwsf+z afn ljsf; s]gb x boglo cj:yfd} 5g\. rff8} ltgsf] kf/ nfug] klg b]lvgg. t/ ;/sf/l s]gb x ;kmn x'g g;ls/x]sf] g]kfndf lghl nufgldf xhf/f}fsf] ;+Vofdf k"j{ k fylds ljbfno jf lk :s'nx v'ng' cfkm}df ljrf/0flo ljifo xf]. lghl afn ljsf; s]gb x jf dg6]zj/l h:t} h] gfd lbp/ v'n]sf ljbfnox df klg ljbfyl{sf] rfk ;/sf/ldf egbf a9\tf g} b]lvg5. Go"g z'ns jf lgz'ns} ep klg ;/sf/l afn ljsf; s]gb x nfo{ s]6fs]6l kfpg xdd] xdd] kl//x]sf] 5. lghldf o:tf] s] 5 h'g ;/sf/ldf 5}g < lsg ToxfFsf clwsf+z dflg;x sfd ug{?rfpf5g\ < lsg ToxfF ljbfyl{ n}hfg cleefjs pt;flxt 5g\< s] ;/sf/ln] u'0f:t/ lbfb}g < ol / o:tf cglugtl k Zgx pq/ eosg klg cg'ql/t 5g\. ljbfno lziffsf] nflu tof/l ug]{ p2]zo lnp/} lghl :t/df y/ly/l gfd / ljlwsf ljbfnox v'ng] qmd hf/l 5. ;'?df :yfglo lgsfosf] cg'dlt lnp/ v'ng] tl ljbfnox s;/l rn5g\, sltdf rn5g\ s;n] rnfpf5g\ s;}n] km]l/ cg'udg ug]{ kl/kf6lsf] cem} ljsf; eo;s]sf] 5}g. oxff s]xl ;ob]lv nueu nfv;dd dfl;s z'ns lng] lk :s'nx 5g\. Go"g cfly{s Ifdtf epsfx b]lv ljb]zd} k9fpg ;Sg] cleefjssf nflu klg oxff lk :s'nx v'n]sf 5g\. dx+uf elgg] s]xl lk :s'nsf ;+rfnsx b]zsf] k};f ljb]lzgaf6 /f]s]sf 5f}FÚ egg] bfjl u5{g\. x'g klg g]kfnl lh=k =sf= eqmk'/, btf{ g+=!!% )^* )^( z}lifs dfl;s g'jful dfl;s jif{ ^, c+s (, k"0ff{+s ^) g]kfn ;Djt\!!#* ;DkfbsLo a f08 eg]sf] k};f xf]og ljbfyl{x prr lziffsf nflu dfq ljb]lzg] u/]sf 5}gg\. slnn} pd]/sf s]6fs]6l klg ljzj:t/sf] lziffsf] vf]hldf cfdfa'jfaf6 6f9f lj/fgf] 7fpFdf upsf] e]l6g5. o;nfo{ /f]sg} klg b]zleq ;'ljwf;dkgg lk :s'n cfjzstf dxz' '; u/]sf] pglx atfpf5g\. o; cy{df g]kfndf cgt//fli6«o a f08sf lk :s'nx /x/n] egbf klg cfjzostfn] lelqpsf] egg] a'lemg5. a f08]8 :s'nx cgo lk :s'negbf w]/} dxª\uf 5g\. rsf]{ z'ns lt/]/, sl7g k/liff lbp/ tl :s'ndf egf{ u/fpg cleefjsx nfd nfu]sf] e]l6g5g\. cem sltkodf t 7"nf7fn"sf] eg;'g rn5. o;/l a f08sf] qm]h Psflt/ al9/x]sf] 5 eg] pglx sf] l;sf] u/]/ sof}f lk :s'nx n] klg cfkm\gf] :t/f]gglt u/]sf 5g\. t/ a f08]8 :s'nx cleefjsn] ck]iff u/]hlt kl/0ffd lbg ;Ifd epsf 5g\ t < z'ns cg';f/sf] ;'ljwf lbg ;s]sf 5g\ < ol k Zgx tl b]zleq clg b]z jflx/sf a f08 lnpsf b]zleqsf lk :s'nx ;fd" ;w}f t]l;{psf 5g\. h;sf] ;fdgf gu/l pglx n] w/} kfpfb}gg\. cr]nsf cleefjsx cfkm\gf ;Gtfgsf] pggt eljiosf nflu sl6a4 b]lvg5g\. pglx cfkm\gf] OR5f rfxgfegbf ;Gtfgsf] k9fo / ljsf;sf nflu a9l ;r]t b]lvg5g\. To;}n] k"j{ k fylds txsf ljbfnox df klxn]sf] t'ngfdf gfglx sf] afsn} pkl:lylt 5. sd cfo>f]t epsf cleefjs klg dxªuf] z'ns ltg{ tof/ x'g5g\. t/ a f08 eg]sf] k};f dfq xf]og. Tof] t afn dgf]lj1fgsf] ulx/f] cwoog u/]/ k ltkfbg u/]sf] kf7\oqmd xf], nfdf] ;do;dd ceof; u/l pts[i6 elgpsf] lzif0f ljlw xf]. lk :s'ndf b]lvpsf] a fl08ªn] cfd cleefjsnfo{ /fd f] dfq xf]og pts[i6 /f]hg] cj;/ lbpsf] 5. t/ ltg}n] cleefjsnfo{ cndnfpsf] klg 5. h'g} lk :s'ndf upklg s]6fs]6lsf] ;du ljsf; g} dxtjk"0f{ ;"rs xf] /fd f] / g/fd f]sf]. To;}n] cfkm\gf] s]6fs]6lsf] nflu lk :s'n /f]hg] sfddf xtf/ xf]og ;fjwfgl ckgfpg h?/l 5. clg lk :s'nx n] klg a f08s} e/df s]6fs]6l a6'ng] ;f]r TofUg' k5{. d}of Tjfgfjf;' dltgfú dx+uf elgg] s]xl lk :s'nsf ;+rfnsx b]zsf] k};f ljb]lzgaf6 /f]s]sf 5f} FÚ egg] bfjl u5{g\. x'g klg g]kfnl ljbfyl{x prr lziffsf nflu dfq ljb]lzg] u/]sf 5}gg\. slnn} pd]/sf s]6fs]6l klg ljzj:t/sf] lziffsf] vf]hldf cfdfa'jfaf6 6f9f lj/fgf] 7fpFdf upsf] e]l6g5. o;nfo{ /f]sg} klg b]zleq ;'ljwf;dkgg lk :s'n cfjzstf dxz' '; u/]sf] pglx atfpf5g\. o; cy{df g]kfndf cgt//fli6«o a f08sf lk :s'nx /x/n] egbf klg cfjzostfn] lelqpsf] egg] a'lemg5. ;Dkfbs k sfzsm d}off Tjfgfaf;' dltgfú tl:a/m ljgf]b dxh{g, So"aL dxh{g sfg'gl ;Nnfxsf/M ;Togf/fo0f kssf ahf/ k d'vm l;tf/fd Tjfgfaf;' n]vfm /]g' vftfvf] lrtjgm ljbfg k':ts k;n, )%^ %@&*%* /f}tx6m 1fg;fu/ :6]zg/L, )%% %$)&)^, jl/u~hm dfo:yfg a's :6f]/, (*$%)#&@^$, ;nf{xlm hljg bf;,?kgb]xlm Zofd v8\sf, sfe ]M k ult k':ts e08f/, pktosfm dx]gb 1jfnL, df]= (*$*)&@*)@ ;HhfM 6r lqmp;g k f=ln= afuahf/ kmf]gm )! $@!%$$* d'b 0fM ;'hn ckm;]6 k ]; sf7df8fff}+ sfof{nom g'jful ldl8of k f=ln=, ;Nnf3f/L, eqmk'/!, kmf]g g+= )! ^^!@^$), ^^!(#($ nuwagimonthly@gmail.com

4 cfj/0f lk :s'ndf a fl08ª Pp6f afnsnfo{ k"0f{ kdf x'sf{pg], a9fpg] eg]sf] lgss} udel/ ljifo xf], Pp6f afns g} ljzjljbfnoh:t} epsf] x'gfn] cfkm\gf] e"uf]n, kl/j]z, ;+:sf/;fu glhs /x]/ ljlw cfpg ;S5, o;}n] legg ljlw cfpg' /fd } xf].ú df3 nfu]b]lv g} zx/df v'n]sf lk :s'nx n] cfcfkm\g} tl/sfn] lj1fkg ug]{ xf]8afhl g} rnfpf5g\. pglx n] vfnl lj1fkg dfq v'n]sf] atfpfb}gg\, lj1fkg;fu} cfkm\gf] lk :s'nx df k9fpg] ljlw, z}nl clg Tof] ljlw / z}nlnfo{ 6]sf]Ú lbg] bz{gsf] klg k rf/ u5{g\. To;/L k rf/ ug]{ s]xl lk :s'nx dwo] s]xln] v'n]cfd eg5g\, s_ xfdlsxff k"0f{ ===============ljlwaf6 k7gkf7g x'g5, v_ xfdl cgt/f{li6«o kd} Vofltk fkt lk :s'nsf] =============nfo{ g]kfndf nfu" u/fpf5f}f. ahf/df cfpsf 5fkf dfwodb]lv dln6ldl8of;ddnfo{ pkof]u u/l tl lk :s'nx n] To;/L lj1fkgx sf] nsf]{n] klg arrf tfgg s] s:tf] ubf]{ /x]5 <Ú, lk :s'nx alr s:tf] vfnsf] k lt:kwf{ /x]5 <Ú egg] yfxf x'g5. o;n] g]kfndf lk :s'nx n] qmdzm ahf/ sahf ub}{ upsf] klg 5gs lbg5. t/ Ps cleefjs eg] To;nfO{ dflysf b'o{sf]0faf6 dfq x]g{ dfgb}gg\. ahf/df cfpsf y'k } lk :s'nx sf] lj1fkg, k rf/k ;f/af6 sgkm\o'hgú a9fpsf] atfpf5g\. Pp6} 7fpFdf olt w]/} vfnsf lk :s'nx cfpsf 5g\, ;a}n] cfcfkm\gf] ljlw, z}nl, bz{g /fd f] epsf] atfpf5g\, sxff k7fpg], egg] cgof]nsf] cj:yf kf] 5.Ú sf7df8f}+ afg]zj/sf ladn lg/f}nf eg5g\. Ps ;fdfgo cleefjs lg/f}nfdfq xf]og, lk :s'n ;~rfnsx sf] ;femf ;+u7g ck]g s]gb Lo cwoif ab L bfxfnn] eg] xfdlsxff /fho kif alnof] / O{l;8L ;~rfnsx df Pstf gx'fbf, gllt lgod P]g sfg"gx Jojl:yt gx'fbf, ;/f]sf/jfnf kifx nfo{ ;d]6]/ nug] ;+ogq gx'fbf ljlegg lsl;dn] cgt/f{li6«o k m]grfohl lnp/ cfpsf lk :s'nx sf] lj1fkgsf] c:j:y z}nl 5. ;a}n] cfcfkm\g} a fl08ª /fd f] eg]/ k rf/ u/]sf 5g\. a fl08ªsf] eg]/ Ps lsl;dn] ;"rgf lbg' xf], Ps lsl;dn] sgkm\o'hú agfpg' g} xf]. cln c:j:y epsf] 5, cgfjzos t8se8s klg epsf] 5.Ú cleefjs / ;+u7gsf cwoifsf] tl clejolqmx clg dflysf b'o{ lj1fkgn] klg g]kfndf v'n]sf lk :s'nx sf] cb[io a fl08ª epsf] b]lvg5. lk :s'nn] cg]sf}+ gfd lbp klg lk :s'nsf] d'vo Wo]o g} arrfnfo{ ljbfno hfgsf] nflu dfgl;s kdf, zf/ll/s kdf klg tof/ u/fpg'ú xf]. afnaflnsfn] clxn] l;s]sf] s'/f g} eljiosf] l;sfosf] hu x'g] epsf]n] o; txdf afnaflnsfnfo{ l;sgsf nflu l;sg]-nlg{ª 6' ng{_ clek fon] dgf]/~hgftds tl/sfn] l;sfpg'k5{. Pshgf arrfnfo{ tof/ ug{sf nflu olt w]/} e]b, tl/sf, ljlw s;/l cfof] < egg] g} ;f]rglo ljifo, vf]hg'kg]{ ljifo ep klg lk :s'ndf e]b / ljlw x'g'nfo{ :jefljs} kdf u x0f ug'{kg]{ ts{ 5, cwoif bfxfnsf]. afnljsf; lj1x qmdzm ;fg' cdfto, 8f= lszf]/ >]i7, dw' /fhe08f/l klg afn ljsf;sf] p2]zo g} af]s]/ ljlegg ljlw, pkfo, tl/sf cfpg'nfo{ :jfuts} ljifosf kdf lng5g\. pglx sf] ;femf dt 5, Pp6f afnsnfo{ k"0f{ kdf x'sf{pg], a9fpg] eg]sf] lgss} udel/ ljifo xf], Pp6f afns g} ljzjljbfnoh:t} epsf] x'gfn] cfkm\gf] e"uf]n, kl/j]z, ;+:sf/;fu glhs /x]/ ljlw cfpg ;S5, o;}n] legg ljlw cfpg' /fd } xf].ú lzif0f k2ltdf ljlegg goff goff cfofdx ylkg] qmd hf/l 5, ceof;x ToxL cg';f/n] g} cl3 al9/x]sf 5g\. Pp6f afnsnfo{ s'g} s'/faf/]df hfgsf/l lbg k of]u ul/psf] ljlw csf]{ afnssf] nflu pko'qm x'g5 g} egg] 5}g lsgls x/]s afns cg'kd dfq xf]og, ljz]if klg x'g5g\. ToxL ljz]iftf / afnssf] df}lnstfnfo{ dwogh/ u/l lziff If]qdf nfdf] cg'ej u/]sf z}lifs JolQmx n] w]/} afnaflnsfx dfly u/]sf] cwoog / Tof] cwoogsf] lgrf]8sf kdf clxn] ljlegg vfnsf ljlw, k ljlw, tl/sf, z}nl, dfwodsf] e/k"/ k of]u u/l afnaflnsf ;'xfpfbf], afnaflnsfsf] dgf]lj1fg;fu 7\ofSs} ldng] lsl;dn] ljbfnox df ceof; ug{ yfn]sf 5g\. To;/L u/]sf slt ceof;x ToxL :s'nleq ;Lldt /xg k'uof] eg] slt ceof;x n] aflx/ klg hfg] cj;/ kfof]. ToxL cj;/, ToxL lzifsn] u/]sf] ceof;n] km}nfj6 kfp/ qmdzm a fl08ªsf] kdf ljsl;t x'fb} uo/x]sf] 5. lk :s'nx Pp6} cjwf/0ffn] rn]sf] epklg JolQmlkR5], :s'nlkr5]sf] ceof; klg a fl08ª agb} upsf] 5. o;n] cleefjsnfo{ sgkm\o'h agfpg] egbf klg ;a}sf] cfcfkm\gf ;a} kif jf ljz]iftf /fd f], ;an ep klg tl lk :s'nx sf] ;femf s'/f s] b]lvg5 eg] tl lk :s'nx df hfg] gfglafa'x ;Fu emf]nfdf lstfj x'fb}gg\, sfkl snd klg x'fb}gg\. pglx sf] emf]nfdf x'g5g\ t vfg]s'/f / v]ng] ;fdu cf}+ ztfjbldf cfp/ a f08 vf]hg] k fom cleefjsx cfkm} lzlift / ;Ifd x'g] epsfn] o; ju{sf cleefjsx nfo{ a fl08ªn] v';l agfpsf] cfkm"n] kfpsf] df]8{g af]l8{ª :s'ndf k frfo{ clgn s;kfn atfpf5g\. o:tf] atfp klg pgl cleefjs g} ;r]t x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbfb} ;'emfj lbg5g\, cleefjsn] lj1fkg / xnnfsf] kl5 gnflu jf:tljstf a'em]/ cfˆgf gfglx sf] nflu ;xl ljbfnosf] 5gf}6 ug{ ;Sg'k5{. ;/sf/n] klg ;lx gllt / lgod agfo{, ljbfnox sf] lgoldt cg'udg / lg/lif0f u/l z}lifs u'0f:t/df ;dfgtf sfod ug{ e"ldsf v]ng'kb{5.ú clxn] ahf/df b]lvpsf lk :s'nx df egf{ x'g] afnaflnsfx nfo{ l;sfpgsf nflu cfpsf ljlegg ljlwx dwo] ;a} ljlw cfcfkm\g} lx;fan] k[ys 5, a fl08ªs} kdf pblodfg ljlwx dwo] s'g}sf] kf7\oqmd alnof] 5, s'g}sf] z}lifs ;fdu L, s'g}sf] l;s]sf 1fgx arrfdf nfu" u/fpg] tl/sf ;zqm 5. ;a}sf] cfcfkm\gf ;a} kif jf ljz]iftf /fd f], ;an ep klg tl lk :s'nx sf] ;femf s'/f s] b]lvg5 eg] tl lk :s'nx df hfg] gfglafa'x ;Fu emf]nfdf lstfj x'fb}gg\, sfkl snd klg x'fb}gg\. pglx sf] emf]nfdf x'g5g\ t vfg]s'/f / v]ng] ;fdu L. ;a} lk :s'nx ;a} tl/sfn] k"0f{ 5}gg\, sf]xln] s;sf], sf]xln] s;sf] /fd f] s'/f kmnf] u/]/ cfkm\gf] :s'nnfo{ /fd f] agfpg] ceof;sf] yfngl epsf] 5. o;lx;fan] clxn] lk :s'ndf w]/} /fd f s'/fx sf] km\o'hg epsf] 5, g9ff6l egg'kbf{ clxn] lk :s'n cyjf O;L8Ldf Ogf]e];g epsf] dfgg ;lsg5.ú eqmk'/sf] h]go"og ;]s]08/l :s'nsf] O;L8L OGrfh{ l/gf ltldnfn] elgg\. pgn] Pp6f :s'n dg6]zj/l lzif0f ljlwsf] e/df dfq rng y'k } sl7gfo epsf] cg'ej ;'gfog\. ljz'4 dg6]zj/l ljlwdfq nfu" ug{ xfd f] h:tf] kl/j]zaf6 u'lh /x]sf] b]znfo{ ufx f] 5, dx+uf] 5, sltko ljlwsf nflu cleefjsn] nufgl g} ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g. o;}n] clxn] w]/} lk :s'nx n] hlt klg O;L8Ldf cfpsf goff goff cjwf/0ffx 5g\, ltglx sf /fd f kifnfo{ cfkm\gf] kl/j]z / cfjzostfcg';f/ nfu" ug]{ sfd epsf] 5.Ú pgn] eg]h:t} u/l clxn] lk :s'nx k'ubf ;a}sf] efiff g} afn ljsf;k lt k ltj4 /x]sf], afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{ª\ul0f ljsf;sf nflu egg] ag]sf] 5. clg ltg} lk :s'nx n] klg afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{ª\ul0f, rf}tkml{ ljsf;sf nflu siffsf]7fsf] ;hfj6 ToxL cg';f/n] ul//x]sf 5g\, siffsf]7fdf nufgl a9fo/x]sf 5g\, lzifs tyf ;xof]ulx sf nflu cfjzos tflnddf nufgl u/fo/x]sf 5g\, :s'nk ltsf] cfsif{0fdf s'g} s;/ affsl /fvg] sfd 5f]8]sf 5}gg\. olt ;dfg ep klg a fl08ªn] eg] ;dfgtfleq} klg c;dfgtf NofO/x]sf] cleefjsx atfpf5g\. cleefjs ;+3 g]kfnsf cwoif s]zj k'/l lk :s'nx sf] a fl08ª gep/ k};f epsf / gepsfx sf] a fl08ªsf] kdf AofVof u5{g\. pgn] ljlegg gfdsf lk :s'nx Jofkf/tkm{ g} pgd'v epsf]n] a fl08ª epsf :s'nx nfo{ lsgg'kg}{ j:t';fu t'ngf u/]. eg5g\, h;/l a f08]8 ;fdfgx df ;j{;fwf/0fsf] kx'fr k'ub}g, To;}u/L a fl08ªsf] gfddf n'6 g} dlrrpsf] 5, ToxfF c?sf] 5f]/f5f]/L hffb}gg\\, ToxfF x'g]vfg}s} ;Gtfg hfg] x'g\.ú pgl;fu} ;xdt x'g] wf/0ff ck]g cwoif bfxfnn] klg lbp, x'g t a fl08ªn] s]xl /fd f kif klg gnofpsf] xf]og t/ Tof] tkzlnsf ljifo ep. t/ d'vo kdf o;n] g]kfn cgt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ ug]{ ynf] ag]sf] 5. o;n] ljs[lt / lj;+ult lgdtofpsf] 5.Ú pgn] cgt/f{li6«o dfgotfsf] xf}jf lk6]/ afnaflnsf x'sf{pg] ljifodf g]kfnl k/dk/f klg g/fd f] gepsf] t/ To;df kl/dfh{gsf] cfjzostf epsf]df hf]8 lbp. Toltsf] k ljlw, Toltsf] z}nl, g]kfnleq} ag5g\, ag]sf 5g\, tl df}lns 4 5

5 kifx, ;ff:s[lts kifx ToxfFleq 5g\. t/ To;nfO{ klxrfg ug]{, a9fjf lbg] ;:s[lt epg. To;n] ubf{ g]kfnl e"lddf ljb]zl z}nlsf O;L8L a f08x leqg' Tolt zf]eglo s'/f Joj;foLsf nflu klg 5}g, cfd g]kfnlx sf nflu klg 5}g,Ú pgl cufl8 eg5g\, Ol08of, hfkfg, cd]l/sf, Dibya Deep Jyoti English Secondary School Kinder World (Based on Montessori) Lokakinthali-16, Bhaktapur Salient Features» Earthquake resistance castle» Focused on overall personality development» Full play way method» Well trained and qualified teachers team» Modern method of teaching with multimedia» Well equipped spacious classroom with play station» Happy learning and friendly environment» Prime location and peaceful environment cfj/0f o'/f]k sxffsxffsf a f08 g]kfndf NofP. clg To;sf] /f]on6l ljb]zdf k7fpg' g g]kfnl ljbfno ;~rfnssf] lxtdf 5 g t /fhos} nflu, g cleefjssf] g}.ú eqmk'/s} blwsf]6l:yt df]8{g af]l8{ª :s'nsf k frfo{ clgn s;kfn clwsf+z ljbfnon] dg6]zj/l ljlwnfo{ g} cjndjg ug]{ u/]sf] t/ gfdfs/0f dfq km/s epsf] atfpf5g\. dg6]zj/l ljlwdf ljbfnon] kf7\oqmdnfo{ s'g ulx/fo{;dd nfg], s'g xb;dd ljlwnfo{ sfof{gjog ug]{, s:tf ;fwg / ; f]t k of]u ug]{, jfnjflnsfnfo{ s'g xb;ddsf] s] s] ;'ljwfx lbg], s:tf]» Field visit and educational excursion» ECA/CCA facilities» Well equipped library and lab» Machine attendances system and observed by CCTV» Internet and WiFi Facility» Cultural activities» Well managed cafeteria with hygienic food» Door to door transportation facility» After school care facility» Regular health check up Phone No.: , Notice board No : Website : dibyadeepjyotischool.edu.np dibyadeepschool@gmail.com jftfj/0f lbp/ /fvg] egg]]df e/ kb{5. o; ljlwnfo{ ckgfpfb} gfdfs/0f eg] km/s 9+un] lbg ;S5g\. k f/ldes afnofj:yfn] afnaflnsfsf] efjl hljgdf dxtjk"0f{ k efj kfb{5. ue{b]lv * jif{;ddsf] pd]/nfo{k f/ldes jfnofj:yf dflgg] x'fbf o; pd]/sf afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{ª\ul0f ljsf;sf nflu plrt jftfj/0f k bfg ug{ ;s]df dfq pglx k"0f{ dfgj agg ;S5g\. To;af6 dfq b]znfo{ cfjzos kg]{ hgzlqmsf] kl/k"lt{ x'g5 eg]/ ;/sf/n] g} a]nufd ljb]zl lk :s'nx nfo{ g]kfndf l5g{ lbpsf] xf] egg] lziff ljefusf] k f/ldes afn ljsf; zfvfsf Ps sd{rf/l eg5g\. pgn] ;f]xl sf/0f klg ;/sf/ cfkm}n] NofPsf] k f/ldes afnljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffdfly k Zg p7]sf] atfp. a fl08ªn] arrfx sf] k9fodf k'u]sf] k efjsf af/]df ljzn]if0f, cwoog / cg';gwfg cfjzos 5. vfnl ljb]zl arrfx df o:tf] b]lvof], To:tf] b]lvof] egg] k rf/ u/]/ g]kfndf nfu" ug{' Tolt ;fgble{s ljifo x}g. ToxfFsf] z}lifs jftfj/0f / g]kfnsf] kl/l:ylt t km/s 5. ltglx n] cfcfkm\gf] df6f] ;'xfpfbf] ljifonfo{ egbf ljb]zl s'/f l;sg] epsf]n] bl3{sfnlg kdf gsf/ftds c;/ kg{ ;Sg] lziffsdl{x atfpf5g\. dg6]zj/l k lzifs b]jgf hf]zl a fl08ªnfo{ klxrfgsf] kdf a'em\l5g\ / a fl08ªnfo{ clxn]sf] cfjzostf dflg5g\. clxn] h'g lsl;dsf] legg z}nl cfo/x]sf] 5, o;}af6 g} ljbfnosf] k[i7e"ld, kf7\oqmd, z}nlsf] klxrfg x'g5. o;}af6 s'g ljbfno s'g l;4fgtaf6 ufo8]8 5 egg] yfxf x'g5. clxn] cleefjsx klxnf h:tf] x'g'x'gg, lgss} rgfvf] x'g'x'g5. a fl08ªn] g} s'g :s'ndf dg6]zj/l 5, s'g :s'ndf Kn]j] d]y8 5 egg] yfxf x'g5.ú pgl elg5g\. ljbfno ;~rfns, lzifs tyf lk lg;knx n] t :jefljs kdf a fl08ªnfo{ /fd f] egg] g} ep. of] pglx sf] wd{ú klg xf]. ToxL wd{ dfq lgefo/x]sf] lziffljb\ 8f= ljbfgfy sf]o/fnf atfpf5g\. sf]o/fnf eg5g\, of] ;a} lghl ljbfno ;~rfnsx sf] ul/vfg] d]nf] / Jofkfl/s j'l4dfq xf].ú a fl08ªsf] ljifodf km/skm/s wf/0ff cfo/x]sf] a]nf afndgf]lj1fgsf 1ftf Pj+ ;xhstf{ ldgfifl bfxfnsf] a'emfo eg] cln km/s 5. pgn] g]kfndf hlt klg v'n]sf ljlegg gfdwf/l lk :s'nx 5g\, tl :s'nx s'g bz{g / l;4fgtaf6 lgb]{lzt 5g\ eg]/} v'6\ofpg d'lzn eo/x]sf] atfog\. a fl08ª ep klg gep klg oxffsf lk :s'nx n] t l;w} afnaflnsfnfo{ siffsf]7fdf /fv5g\, To:tf a fl08ª af]s]sf / gaf]s]sf lk :s'nx sf] g t lkmnf];f]kml k i6 5 g t ljlw g}.ú pgl elg5g\. b"/bzl{ z}lifs ;+:yfm UNof8 :6f]g Ps]8]dL b"/bzl{ z}lifs ;+:yfsf] kdf kl/lrt UNof8 :6f]g Ps]8]dL ;g\!((% df :yfkgf epsf] xf]. eqmk'/sf] dwok'/l7dldf cjl:yt o; ljbfnon] afnaflnsfsf] rf}tkml{ ljsf;df of]ubfg lbg goff ljlw ckgfpfb} cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5. UNof8 :6f]gsf] kfonf ;}4flGtseGbf Jojxfl/s 1fgdf nlds/x]sf] 5. ljbfno:t/lo tyf cgo aflx/l lqmofsnfkx df ;d]t o;sf] kx'fr pbfx/0flo /x]sf] 5. To:t} b'o{ jif{ nuftf/ k j]lzsf k/liffdf /fi6«jofkl kdf pts[i6 glthf NofO Oltxf; sf]g{ ;kmn oxff ; ;fgf afnarrfx sf nflu 5'6\6} lk k fod/l Anssf] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5. slnnf afnaflnsfx nfo{ cfw'lgs tyf dg6]:j/l cfwf/df lziff k bfg ul/g5. pglx nfo{ l;h{gzln agfpgsf nflu ljlegg cfjzos z}lifs ;fdu Lx sf] /fd f] agbf]a:tl ;d]t 5. Orbit English School was established in 2052 B.S with the objective of imparting quality education. This school has completed a long journey in the field of education. Qualified and fully competent academic team of Orbit is completely dedicated to educate the whole child to ensure they become enthusiastic persistent and ljz]iftfx?m» ;jf{ª\ul0f ljsf;df ljz]if hf]8» ;dofg"s'n lziff k bfg» ljbfyl{s]lgb t km/flsnf] jftfj/0f, ;';lhht tyf ldng;f/ kl/j]z» rfx]cg' ksf] oftfoft ;'ljwf competent learners that they are not only ready for future but also care about and demonstrate respect for themselves, others and environment. We provide excellent programs in a safe, caring and healthy environment.» dg6]:j/l k4ltdf z}lifs ceof;» ;fdflhsl/0fdf ljz]if Wofg» v'nf lziff k 0ffnL» cleefjs;fusf] lg/gt/ cgt/lqmof Key features of pre-primary Qualified and trained teachers Teaching based on play way methods Dance, Music, Art etc classes are available Specious play ground and sufficient play materials Audio visual room Orbit cafeteria with hygienic food Vehicle facility Orbit English Secondary School Gatthaghar, Bhaktapur Ph: , orbitschool@gmail.com 6 7

6 cfj/0f cfj/0f k fom k"j{k fylds ljbfnox df cem};dd klg g]kfnsf :s'n 6]s]s} lbgb]lv n]vg, l;sfpg yfng'k5{ egg] dfgotf 5, of] Ps k/dk/fh:t} ag]sf] 5. t/ of] unt ;'?jft xf]. lsgeg] cif/ n]vg ;' ug{' g} ;a} s'/f xf]og. g]kfn ;/sf/n] tof/ kf/]sf] kf7\oqmddf klg n]vg rff8} l;sfpg'k5{ú egg] pnn]v 5}g. ;/sf/n] tof/ kf/]sf] kf7\oqmdsf] ;' d} hljgf]kof]ul Pj+ :jfjndal ;Lkx xfl;n u/fpg'df of] kf7\oqmdsf] hf]8 5Ú egg] jfsof+z pnn]v 5. To;}u/L afnaflnsfdf cftdljzjf; hufpg', kl/jlt{t ;dfh Pj+ cgo JolQmx k lt ;sf/ftds ;f]r ljsf; ug{', r'gf}tl, afwf tyf ;kmntfdf ;+j]uftds ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ d2t k'of{pg'sf ;fy} ;fdflhs tyf Jojxfl/s d"nodfgotfsf cfwf/df Jofjxfl/s 1fg k bfg ug{' / c;n gful/s x'g] cfwf/zlnf v8f ug{' of] lziffsf] p2]zo xf]. olt ep klg ;/sf/n] tof/ kf/]sf] kf7\oqmddf pnn]v epsf Jojxfl/s ;Lk s;/l l;sfpg] egg] ljifodf eg] st} s]xl pnn]v 5}g. o;}nfo{ k"lt{ ug{ cfpsf] Ps k 0ffnL xf], dg6]zj/l lzif0f k 0ffnLÚ. hfgsf/x ;/sf/n] /fv]sf tl p2]zo k"/f ug{sf nflu dg6]zj/l l;sfo ljlw lgss} /fd f] epsf] atfpf5g\. t/ clxn] eg] dg6]zj/l klg k"0f{ kdf nfu" ug{ g;s]sf] xfd f] h:tf] kl/j]zn] cl3 al9/x]s]f lzif0fsf] of] cj:yfdf k f/ldes afnljsf;sf] If]qdf y'k } goff ceof;x klg cfpg yfn]sf 5g\. k of]uftds Pj+ Jojxfl/s l;sfoaf6 afnaflnsfdf Ifdtfsf] ljsf; x'g], :d/0f zlqm a9\g], k9fpsf] s'/f /fd f];fu a' g], cftdljzjf; a9\g], e d lg/fs/0f x'g], ;sf/ftds ;f]r clej[l4 x'g], l;h{gzlntf a9\g], r'gf}tl ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg] ;Lk Pj+ Ifdtfsf] ljsf; x'g] s'/f dg6]zj/l l;4fgtdf pnn]v epsf] ljifo xf]. b'o{b]lv 5 jif{;ddsf] pd]/df dflg;sf] :jefj s:tf] x'g5 egg] () k ltzt lgwf{l/t e};sg] x'fbf plrt ;dodf afnaflnsfnfo{ To; lsl;dsf] jftfj/0f agfolbg' h /L 5. cgoyf Ogf]e];g Og O;L8L afnaflnsfx dg6]zj/lsf] l;4fgtn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf niox xfl;n ug{ ;dy{ x'fb}gg\ egg] a'em]/ g} clxn] hxfftxlf e]l6g yfn]sf lk :s'nx n] k of]uzfnfdf /fv]/ k of]uftds ceof; u/fpg], ljlegg v]nx af6 :d/0f zlqm a9fpg], h'g kf7 k9fofb}5 To;;Fu ;DalGwt :ynut cjnf]sgdfkm{t ;DalGwt ljifo jf :yfgsf] 1fg lbg] cflb sfd ul//x]sf 5g\. hgfj/x sf af/]df k9fpfbf lrl8of3/sf] e d0f u/fpg], h'g j:t'sf af/]df k9fofb}5 ToxL j:t'nfo{ g} siff sf]7fdf NofP/ b]vfpg], d'el siffx ;+rfng ug]{, cf6{ P08 qmfˆ6 cflbaf6 l;sfpg] h:tf lqmofsnfk xfdl clwsf+z lk :s'nx df b]vg ;S5f}F. of] ceof; o'g]:sf]n] ;g\!(() df ;a}sf nflu lziffú egg] gf/f;fu} lk :s"n cjwf/0ff cfpsf] xf]. df o;nfo{ ;x; fabl ljsf; nio agfopkl5 ljzje/ lk :s"nsf] nx/ g} rnof]. ;fgf gfglx nfo{ /fd f];fu x'sf{pg lgs} ;xof]ul 5 lk :s'n egg] s'/fn] Jofkstf kfpsf] xf]. x/]s afnaflnsf cg'kd / km/s Ifdtfsf x'g5g\ egg] cjwf/0ff clwsf+zdf km}ln;s]sf] sf/0f pglx k lt ;sf/ftds Jojxf/ ug'{k5{ egg] p2]zon] lk :s'nx v'ng yfn]sf x'g\. afnaflnsfdf ul/psf] nufgl klg v]/ ghfg] tyf To;s]f k ltkmn klg Hofbf x'g] cg';gwfgaf6} k li6g yfn]kl5 lk :s'nsf] cjwf/0ffn] g]kfndf ult lng yfn]sf] xf]. olx ultn] lk :s'nx s} sf/0f O;L8Ldf Ogf]e];g ;d]t epsf] w]/}sf] a'emfo klg 5. s'g} klg ljifodf cfwfl/t /x]/ goff s'/f agfpg', kl/jt{g ug'{, dd{t ug'{, km]/kmf/ ug'{ / goff s'/fsf] k of]u ug'{ Ogf]e];g xf]. s'g} goff ljrf/sf] k of]u u/]/ ul/g] sfd Ogf]ee];g xf] h;n] goff s'/f kqf nufp/ ;fj{hlgs ;d]t u5{. clxn] lk :s'nx df Tof] Ogf]e];g b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\.Ú lzifs /Lgf ltldnf elg5g\. lk :s'n x'gsf nflu Jojxfl/s 1fg tyf ;Lko'Qm lzif0f k4lt ckgfpg ljbfnosf] jftfj/0f km/s lsl;dn] tof/ ug{'k5{. b'o{ jif{sf afnaflnsfsf] siff sf]7fdf sfkl jf k]lg;nsf] cfjzostf x/]s afnaflnsf cg'kd / km/s Ifdtfsf x'g5g\ egg] cjwf/0ff clwsf+zdf km}ln;s]sf] sf/0f pglx k lt ;sf/ftds Jojxf/ ug'{k5{ egg] p2]zon] lk :s'nx v'ng yfn]sf x'g\. afnaflnsfdf ul/psf] nufgl klg v]/ ghfg] tyf To;s]f k ltkmn klg Hofbf x'g] cg';gwfgaf6} k li6g yfn]kl5 lk :s'nsf] cjwf/0ffn] g]kfndf ult lng yfn]sf] xf]. olx ultn] lk :s'nx s} sf/0f O;L8Ldf Ogf]e];g ;d]t epsf] w]/}sf] a'emfo klg 5. kb}{g. Tof] pd]/sf afnaflnsfsf] siffsf]7fdf k of]uzfnfsf ;fdu Lx, ;Lk ljsf; ug]{ ;fdu L, cffvf / xftsf] ultljlwsf] tfnd]n x'g] u/l ceof; u/fpg cfjzos kg]{] ;fdu L, ;Lwf cufl8 lxf8\g ;Sg] ceof;, kfnf] klv{g] afgl, ;d"xdf sfd ug]{ afglsf nflu cfjzos ;fdu L, c sf] s'/f ;'g]/ cfˆgf] s'/f atfpg ;Sg] ;Lk, ljlegg cj:yf a'emfpg] /+ulg tl:a/x, af}l4s v]nsf ;fdu Lx, dgf]/~hs Pj+ l;h{gftds v]n ;fdu Lx cfjzos x'g] oyfy{nfo{ dgg\ u/l v'n]sf clwsf+z lk :s'nx n] dfq Pp6f ljlw, bz{g / dfgotfnfo{ kmnf]ú u/]sf 5}gg\. clxn] s'g} lk :s'ndf dg6]zj/l ljlw, o'/f] ls8\;sf] h:tf] kf7\qmd, ls8\hlsf] h:tf] k of]uzfnf b]lvg5. o;n] lk :s'nx df goff goff s'/fsf] km\o'hg b]lvg5.ú km]l/ lzifs ltldnf elg5g\. O;L8Lsf] tflnd kfpsf lzifsx n] dfq afnaflnsfdf ;fdflhs efjgfsf] ljsf; Pj+ cfjzos k/]sf] cj:yfdf d ug{ ;S5' egl :jtm cu ;/ x'g] pmhf{ k bfg u5{g\. b'o{b]lv 5 jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf afnaflnsfnfo{ cif/ lrgfpg tyf k9fpg xtf/ gu/l :j:y /xg], kfnf] s'g]{, cfˆgf] sfd cfkm}+ ug]{, ;f]w]sf] s'/fdf plrt hjfkm lbg], ;sf/ftds ;f]rg], c?nfo{ cfb/ ug]{, dfkm ug{ ;Sg], lzi6 af]ng], cfkm"n] k of]u u/]sf ;fdu L 7Ls 7fpFdf /fvg], c sf ;fdfg k of]u ug{'cl3 ;f]w]/ cg'dlt lng], ;d:of kbf{ gcflqg], cgfjzos s'/fdf g8/fpg], cfˆgf] sfd cfkm} ug]{, OdfGbf/ /xg], c nfo{ klg c;n Jojxf/ ug{ ptk ]l/t ug]{, ;Gt'lnt cfxf/ dg k/fpg], cg'zfl;t x'g]h:tf ;Lkd"ns lziff lbg' cfjzos ag]sf] kl/k ]Iodf v'n]sf O;L8Lx ghflgfbf] kn] k lt:kwf{ klg ul//x]sf 5g\. Psn] csf]{ ljlw /fd f], pko'qm egg yfn]sf 5g\. O;L8Lx d} klg clxn] c:j:y k lt:kwf{ x'g yfn]sf] 5. O;L8Lx d} b]lvpsf] a fl08ª clg O;L8Lx sf] cflbe"ldsf] af/]df klg rrf{ rng yfn]sf] 5. sdtldf klg O;L8Lx df ;+nug lzifsx alr, lk lg;knx alr, ;~rfnsx alr 5nkmn, e]63f6, cgt/lqmof x'g yfn]sf] 5. of] Hofb} /fd f] xf], o;n] Ps O;L8Lsf /fd f ceof; csf]{ O;L8Ln] l;sg kfpf5 eg] cfkm"nfo{ k/]sf] ;d:ofsf] klg ;dfwfg lgl:sg5.ú afndgf]lj1 ldgfifl bfxfn / ;]tf] u'/ff;sl dw' /fhe08f/l elg5g\. ;fgf] pd]/df l;s]sf] s'/f hljge/ ;Demg] s'/fdf Psdt x'fb} tflnd lnpsf lzifs, ;xof]ulx sf] ;fydf lk :s'n ;~rfngsf] nx/} cfpsf] 5. k/dk/fut kdf k9fpg] egg] ca slxfst} dfq ;Lldt x'g] qmddf 5. lziffdf cfpsf] kl/jt{g, g]kfnsf] cfkm\g} ceof;n] dfq k'u]g. o;}n] clxn] g]kfndf cgt/f{li6«o lk :s"nsf] k m]grfo{ -r]g_ sf kdf ;d]t lk :s"nx vf]lnpsf 5g\. x'g t clxn] w]/}h;f] b]zdf lk :s"n ;/sf/ cfkm}n] / rfon8 s]o/ ;]G6/ lghl If]qn] rnfo/x]sf] atfpg] k f=8f=lszf]/ >]i7 klg g]kfnsf] ceof; / jf:tljstf eg] ljzj ceof;egbf km/s epsf] rrf{ u5{g\. pgsf cg';f/ g]kfndf eg] rfon8 s]o/ ;]G6/x vf;} v'n]sf 5}gg\. rfon8 s]o/sf] sfd klg ul//x]sf lsg8/uf6{g / dg6]zj/l tyf cgo ljlegg gfdsf O;L8Lx n] k};f / gfkmfúnfo{ d"n p2]zo agfpsf] b]lvpsf 5g\. htftt} dg6]zj/l / lsg8/uf6]{gx v'n]sf 5g\. o;/l v'n]sf tl dg6]zj/l, lsg6/uf6{g, lk :s'n, h]h:tf] gfd lbp klg pglx sf] nio eg] Pp6} 5, afnaflnsfnfo{ :s'nsf nflu tof/l ug'{.ú of] ;femf nio ep klg afnaflnsfsf] lziff / eljiosf] nflu ;~rflnt sfo{qmdd} olt w]/} e]b lsg < jf ljlw, cjwf/0ff / bz{g lsg < cfcfkm\g} a fl08ª lsg <Ú pgsf] k Zg klg

7 cfj/0f cfj/0f dg6]zj/l lsg8/ jn8{ dg6]zj/l lsg8/ jn8{ g]kfnsf] nf]slk o :s'nsf kdf :yflkt epsf] 5. g]kfn dg6]zj/l 6«]lgª ;]G6/cGtu{t of] :s'n g]kfnsf] klxnf] r]g :s'n xf]. o;sf] :yfkgf df epsf] xf]. of] clxn] g]kfns} ;a}egbf 7"nf] tyf a9l zfvf epsf] :s'nsf kdf kl/lrt 5. sf7df8f}+df o;sf cfwfbh{g zfvf jif{b]lvsf sl/a xhf/ ljbfyl{ o;sf ljlegg zfvfdf cwoog ul//x]sf 5g\. g]kfn dg6]zj/l 6«]lgª ;]G6/ v'n]kl5 o;af6 ptkfbg epsf tyf afn lziffdf?lr /fvg] hgzlqmnfo{ k of]uftds siffdf ;xeful u/fpg o;sf] cjwf/0ff k f/de epsf] xf]. o;sf x/]s zfvf kfls{ª, v]n d}bfg tyf ljlegg Kn]:6];go'Qm 5g\. ;a} zfvfdf afnaflnsfx nfo{ dgkg]{ /+u tyf lrqx s'flbpsf 5g\. of] :s'nsf] s'g} klg zfvfleq k j]z ubf{ km"naf/ldf k j]z u/]sf] cg'e"lt x'g] cleefjsx sf] bfal 5. dfl/of dg6]zj/lsf] lkmnf];f]kmldf cfwfl/t oxffsf] lziff k4ltn] afnaflnsfx nfo{ cftdlge{/ agfpg'sf ;fy} pglx df :jlg0f{o ug]{ Ifdtfsf] ljsf; u/fpf5. oxff g]kfnl ;+:sf/nfo{ cfb/ ub}{ ;a} ljbfyl{nfo{ dg6]zj/l ck f]rsf dfwodaf6 cwofkg u/fog5. afnaflnsfx sf] rf}tkml{ ljsf; ug{ dg6]zj/l lziff pkof]ul dflgpsf] 5 h;n] afnaflnsfnfo{ zf/ll/s Pj+ dfgl;s kdf ;Gt'lnt t'nofpf5. dg6]zj/l lsg8/ jn8{ afnaflnsfx sf s'g s'g cfp a fl08ªsf kdf < nflu :jtgq tyf ;'/lift jftfj/0f tof/ u/l l;sgsf nflu pkof]ul jftfj/0f pknaw u/fpg] gd"gf :s'nsf kdf cl3 al9/x]sf] 5. dg6]zj/lsf lzifsx tflnd k fkt, cg'ejl tyf afnaflnsfx ;Fu lehg] vfnsf 5g\. oxffsf] kf7\oqmdn] afnaflnsfnfo{ v]nsf ;fydf l;sg] afglsf] ljsf; u/fpf5. oxffsf] k4lt x/]s jif{ cfjzostfcg';f/ kl/dflh{t ub}{ nlug5. of] :s'nn] afnaflnsfnfo{ :j:y tyf ;'/lift jftfj/0fdf u'0f:t/lo lziff k bfg ul//x]sf] 5. :s'nn] tftf] tyf :j:ys/ vfgf Vjfpg] u/]sf] 5. afnaflnsfsf] x]/rfxsf nflu cltl/qm ;dodf klg ;]jf k bfg ul/g5. :s'n ;do ;f9] gf} ah]b]lv ;f9] b'o{ ah];ddsf] x'g5. ljbfno ljbfnodf dg6]zj/l tkfo{fsf] ljbfnosf] O;L8Ldf s'g ljlw / k 0ffnLaf6 k9fo x'g5 < eg]/ ;f]lwpsf] v08df clwsf+z ljbfnosf k c, lzifs jf cgo ljbfno;fu ;/f]sf/ /fvg]x sf] hjfkm x'g5 M dg6]zj/l ljlw / k 0ffnL. dg6]zj/l ljlw / k 0ffnLn] g]kfnsf] O;L8Ldf 7"nf] k efj kf/]sf] 5. o;}n] dg6]zj/l lgss} 7"nf] a f08sf] kdf :yflkt 5. oblk dg6]zj/l gfd /fv]/ v'n]sf ;a} ljbfnoaf6 To:tf] Jojxfl/s lziff Pj+ 1fg k fkt x'g5 egg] 5}g. d"n s'/f t Tof] ljbfnon] dg6]zj/l l;sfo ljlw a'em]sf] 5 ls 5}g, To;nfO{ Jojxf/df s;/l cjndag ul//x]sf] 5, ToxfFsf lzifsx n] dg6]zj/l l;sfo k lqmofsf af/]df biftf xfl;n u/]sf 5g\ ls 5}gg\ egg] xf].ú w]/} lzifs, lk lg;knx sf] ;femf ;'emfj 5. s'g} klg dg6]zj/l ljbfnodf cfˆgf gfglnfo{ /fvg'cl3 ;DalGwt cleefjsn] ol ;a} s'/fdf Wofg k'of{pg' cfjzos 5. ;]d/s lj=;+=@)&) ;fn df3 dlxgfb]lv g]kfndf ;~rfngdf cfpsf] ;]d/s lk :s'n ;]d/s lziffno ef/tsf] zfvf xf]. ef/tsf] klxnf] / ;a}egbf a9l r]g epsf] of] lk :s'nsf sf7df8f}+ pktosfleq & j6f zfvf /x]sf] ;]d/ssf of]u]z v8\sf / clgtf v8\sf atfpf5g\. g]kfndf ;]d/s ;~hfnn] ljut rf/ jif{b]lv afnlziffdf pts[i6 of]ubfg k'of{pfb} cfpsf] 5. rf}al; jif{cl3 ef/tdf :yfkgf epsf] ;]d/s :s'nsf g]kfn / ef/tdf egbf a9l zfvf epsf] atfog5. ;a} zfvfdf Ps} lsl;dsf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/ tyf ;x'lnotsf] Joj:yf 5.Ú ;]d/s lziffnodf!* dlxgfb]lv ^ jif{;ddsf afnaflnsfnfo{ egf{ lnog5. oxff g]kfn tyf ef/tdf dg6]zj/l tflnd k fkt lzifsx n] v]nsf dfwodaf6 lziff k bfg u5{g\. :s'n laxfg ;f9] gf} ah]b]lv lbpf;f] ah];dd ;~rfng x'g5. cltl/qm z'nsdf afnaflnsfnfo{ $ ah];dd klg /fvg ;lsg5. uf8l ;'ljwf epsf] ;]d/sdf afnaflnsfnfo{ lbgsf] b'o{k6s ;kmf Pj+ :jr5 vfgf lbog5. ;'/Iff, :jr5tf Pj+ l;sfodf a9l Wofg lbog] of] :s'ndf!) hgf afnaflnsf a/fa/ Ps hgf lzlifsf tyf Ps hgf lbblsf] Joj:yf ul/psf] 5. c :s'n;/x lkhl, g;{/l, Pns]hL, o's]hl ge} of] :s'ndf kmfpg8];g, kmfpg8];g l;lgo/, lk m h'lgo/, lk m l;lgo/ cflbdf siff ljefhg ul/g5. ;ftfdf lzifsx n] ug]{ lgoldt lg/lif0fsf cfwf/df ljbfyl{sf] d"nof+sg x'g5. ljlegg cj;/ tyf rf8kj{df ljz]if sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/g'sf ;fy} x/]s a'waf/ ljz]if lbgsf kdf dgfog5. :s'ndf lzifs tyf ljbfyl{sf] o'lgkm{dsf] /fd f] Joj:yf 5. of] :s'ndf afnaflnsfsf nflu /dfonf] jftfj/0fsf ;fy} zfgt Pj+ :jr5 cfjf;lo Joj:yf klg pknaw 5. lziffljb\ tyf afn ljz]if1sf] k of;af6 tof/ kfl/psf] ;]d/ssf] kf7\oqmd, afnaflnsfsf] ;du ljsf;df s]g Lt 5. ;]d/s lk :s'n ef/tsf] klxnf] / pts[i6 lk :s'n xf]. cgt/f{li6«o :t/sf] k9fo x'g], afnaflnsfn] cfkm}n] v]nl v]nl, x]l/ x]l/ l;sg] k2tlsf] z}lifs ljsf;n] afnk ltef k :km'6g x'g] x'g5. j}1flgs 9Ësf] kf7\oqmdaf6 cwofkg u/fog], ef/taf6 lziff ;DaGwL tflnd lno cfpsf lzifsaf6 cwofkg ul/g] lk n]endf cwoog ug]{ ljbfyl{sf] rf}tkml{ ljsf; x'g] epsf]n] pts[i6 lk :s"nsf] k'/:sf/ k fkt u/]sf] 5. o'/f] ls8\; o'/f] ls8\;, cgt/f{li6«o kdf Voflt sdfpsf] lk :s'n r]g xf]. o;n] cfˆgf] sfdsf] ;'?jft af6 u/]sf] xf]. clxn] ljzje/ o;sf sl/a ( ;o zfvf 5g\. o'/f] ls8\;sf g]kfndf dfq!@ j6f zfvf 5g\. df b'o{j6f zfvfaf6 o;sf] ;'?jft epsf] xf]. o;sf ;a} zfvf cwofkgsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ k"jf{wf/o'qm 5g\. o'/f] ls8\;sf] kl/;/df afnd}ql jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ afnaflnsfn] dg k/fpg] /+u k of]u ul/psf] 5. pts[i6 ;+/rgfo'qm o'/f] ls8\;sf] xftfdf afnaflnsf v]ng ;Sg] kof{kt v]n d}bfg klg 5g\. ;a} lzifs lzlifsf afnaflnsfsf] dgf]efj a' g tyf pglx nfo{ /fd f];fu l;sfpg bif 5g\. df};dcg';f/ afnaflnsfnfo{ b}lgs tlg k6s vfgf k bfg ul/g5. oxff /fd f];fu zf]w ul/psf] ;a}egbf k'/fgf] kf7\oqmdcg';f/ cwofkg u/fog5. x/]s siffdf! lzifs! hgf cl;:6]g6 lzifs tyf! hgf cfof /flvg5. oxffsf x/]s kif afnaflnsfn] dg k/fpg] vfnsf 5g\. oxff nlg{ª ljy kmgsf] cjwf/0ffcg';f/ cwofkg u/fog5 h;n] ubf{ x/]s lyd tyf a'emfo lgs} /dfonf];fu ;DkGg x'g5.ú o'/f] ls8\; eqmk'/sf Ps]8]lds sf]cl8{g]6/ ;Demgf a:g]t elg5g\. afnaflnsfsf] ljsf;sf nflu l8:se/l?d tyf lhd siff! egbf d'lgsf slnnf 5'gfd'gf cwoog ug]{ / cwoogsf] k"j{jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ :s'n lk :s'n xf]. o:tf afnaflnsfsf] dgdl:tis ctogt} lh1f;' / ;+j]bgzln x'g5. o:tf slnnf afnaflnsfsf] zf/ll/s, dfgl;s Pj+ z}lifs ljsf;sf lgldt dfofn' jftfj/0fsf] cfjzostf k5{. o; rf0fso lk k fod/l ejgdf 7"nf 7"nf ^ j6f siffsf]7f 5g\ hxff afnaflnsfn] afn;'ne l;k l;sg] jftfj/0f kfpf5g\. l;h{gzln agfpgsf nflu z}lifs ;fdu Lsf] cfjzostf k5{. To;}n] sfk]{6o'qm :nfo8 -lrkn]6l_ h'g rflxf kxfl/nf] 7fpFdf /flvpsf] 5. h;n] ubf{ ljbfyl{ ldn]/ ;d"xdf v]ng], kfnf] kv{g] tyf Ps csf{nfo{ ;Ddfgk"0f{ Jojxf/ / efiffsf] k of]u ug] { jftfj/0f kfpf5g\. phofnf], 3dfOnf], Gofgf] / ;'ljwfo'qm v]ng] 7fpF x'fbf afnaflnsf ;kmf, :j:y / ;'Gb/ klg b]lvg5g\. To:t}, siffsf]7fsf] jftfj/0f klg cfsif{s 5. ljbfyl{nfo{ k9fpg] tflndk fkt lzlifsf tyf pglx sf] ;/;kmfo /]vb]vdf vl6g] cfof lbbln] ljbfyl{s} ;xof]udf tof/ kf/]sf] cfsif{s z}lifs ;fdu Ln] siffsf]7f ;';lhht 5g\. k9fo;fu ;DalGwt ;fdu L, Jofjxfl/s ceof; tyf kl/of]hgf sfo{ cflbsf dfwodaf6 afnaflnsfsf] l;sfo l;k k efjsf/l ag]sf] 5. dg6]:j/l ljlwsf] tflnd / nfdf] cg'ejn] vfl/psf lzlifsfåf/f cwofkg u/fog] o; lk k fod/l Anssf gfglafa'sf] ;'ljwfsf nflu SoflG6gsf] 5' } Joj:yf ul/psf] 5. gfglafa'sf cleefjssf] ;/;Nnfx /?lrsf cfwf/df SoflG6g ;~rfng ul/psf] 5. gfglafa'sf] cfjzostf /?lrsf cfwf/df vfgf tyf vfhfsf] Joj:yf ul/psf] o; ljbfnodf tof/l vfb kbfy{ dgfxl 5. lrqsnfsf dfwodaf6 d"t{ s'/fsf] lrq agfpg] l;ksf] ljsf; u/fog] o; ;+:yfdf sf]6]zj/, k]k;lsf]nf, Odf8f]n tyf eqmk'/sf ljlegg 7fpFaf6 Eofg tyf a;sf] k of]u u/l ljbfyl{ ljbfno cfpf5g\. ;du df egg'kbf{ cfhsf] o'u ef}ltsjfbn] k >o kfpsf] o'u xf]. ctm jftfj/0fsf] rrf{ u/]/ dfq k'ub}g, ljbfyl{sf dgsf s'gfsgb/faf6 ptkgg x'g] lh1f;fnfo{ a'em]/ ljbfno / cleefjsn] dnhn ug'{k5{. lk :s'n l;sfosf] hu epsfn] o;nfo{ alnof] agfpg'k5{ egg] xfd f] dfgotf 5.?dsf] klg Joj:yf ul/psf] 5. oxffsf] cwofkgn] afnaflnsf lstfal sl/f] dfq geo{ of] ;+;f/df cfkm"nfo{ :yflkt u/fp/ lhpg ;Sg] agfpg] l;4fgt af]s]sf] o'/f] ls8\;sf lzifs tyf lk lg;knx atfpf5g\. pglx df cftdljzjf; a9fpg] sfd x'g5. afnaflnsfsf nflu ;do ;dodf 8]G6n r]sck tyf d]l8sn r]sck ul/g'sf ;fy} cltl/qm lqmofsnfkcgtu{t afnaflnsfnfo{ g[to, ;+ult, clego, z}lifs e d0f, k f]h]s6, nfoa ]/L tyf jfssnfdf ;xeful u/fog5. pglx nfo{ lks PG8 8«ksf] Joj:yf klg 5. udl{df kf}8lsf] dhhf lng ;S5g\. :s'n afnaflnsfx sf] bf]; f] 3/ epsfn] pglx n] ;'/lift / /dfonf] cg'ej ug{'k5{ eg]/ oxffsf x/]s jftfj/0f ToxLcg' k tof/ ul/psf] 5. x/]s kif cgt/f{li6«o :t/o'qm of] :s'n laxfg ( ah]b]lv # ah];dd ;+rfng x'g5. ls8\hl ls8\hl arrfx x'sf{pg] ljlegg ljlwx dwosf] Ps a f08 xf]. of] hll6el;fu cfj4 ep/ vf]lnpsf] Pp6f u0f]zafa' kf]v/]n :s'n lk lg;kn (*%!)&#$(% jf;'sl/fh /]UdL sn]h lk lg;kn (*$!#^*$!! rf0fso dflj dwok'/ l7dl, z+vw/rf]s, eqmk'/ kmf]g g+=m ^^#@(@& 10 11

8 cfj/0f cfj/0f k m]grfohl xf]. of] Plzofe/ 5. Plzofsf] nfh]{i6 lk :s'n r]gcgtu{tsf] of] a f08 ljzj/!# ;o dfly 5. g]kfndf o;sf & j6f k m]grfohl sf7df8f}+df dfq gep/ lj/f6gu/ / lrtjgdf klg 5g\. arrfnfo{ k9fpg] goff tl/sf leq\ofpg] p2]zon] ls8\hl g]kfndf lelqpsf] xf]. of] a f08 ljz]iftm ONo"dsf] tl/sfaf6 dfu{lgb]{lzt 5. ONo"d arrfx sf] ;jf{ª\ul0f ljsf;sf] nflu lgss} ;f]w / cwoogåf/f km]nf kf/]sf] ljlw xf]. xfdl Pe L rfon8 Oh l8km/]g6 ljy l8km/]g6 kf]6]lg;on egg] egfodf ljzjf; u5f}f{. ;a} arrfsf] k]8fuf]hl klg km/s x'g5. jl xfoe cfj/ e]/l jg k]8fuf]hl. oxl k]8fuf]hlsf] cfwf/df xfdl ls8\hldf cfpsf afnaflnsfnfo{ l;sfpg], k9fpg], v]nfpg]nufotsf sfdx u5f}ff. oxff ;a} arrfnfo{ Pp6} tl/sfaf6 l;sfpg] geosg p;sf] ljz]if nufj s]df 5 < Tof] kqf nufp/ p;nfo{ ef]ln;dd ;lhnf] x'g] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ ;3fpg] sfd x'g5. arrfn] s] rflx/x]sf], vf]lh/x]sf] 5 < egg] kqf nufp/ p;sf] leql rfxgfnfo{ phfu/ ug]{ jftfj/0f ls8\hln] lbg5. arrfx nfo{ l;sfpg, k9fpgsf nflu ONo"d ls6\; x'g5, To;s} cfwf/df p;sf] ;jf{ª\ul0f ljsf;df 6]jf k'of{pg] sfd x'g5. oxff arrfsf] Ifdtfsf ;fy} pd]/cg';f/ l;sg'kg]{ s'/fdf klg ljz]if Wofg lbog5. ls8\hldf cfpsf] h'g;'s} arrfn] h'g;'s} :s'nsf] siff! df ;lhn} k j]z kfpf5, s'g} sl7gfo ef]ug'kb}{g, cleefjsn] klg To:tf] yk nufgl ug'{kb}{g.ú ls8\hlsf lahg]; x]8 Pj+ nugv]nl:yt ls8\hl zfvfsf lk lg;kn lzjf nd;fn elg5g\. arrfx nfo{ cftdlge{/ agfpgsf nflu ls8\hl lgss} ;hu 5. p;nfo{ b}lgs hljgdf gu/l gx'g] s'/fdf Jojxfl/s agfpgsf nflu Nofad} nu]/ ceof; u/fp/ k of]uftds tl/sfn] l;sfpg] ul/g5. lzifsx lgss} cg'ejl, tflndk fkt 5g\. of] hll6elsf] Pp6f k m]grfohl epsf]n] lzifsx nfo{ ;do;dodf tflndsf] klg agbf]a:t x'g5. jif{df b'o{k6s t lzifsnfo{ tflnd} x'g5. ToxL tflndn] klg pglx nfo{ ;xof]u k'u5. lydcg';f/ k9fo x'g5. kf7\oqmd ljb]zlegbf :jb]zlnfo{ ljzjf; u/l k9fpg], l;sfpg] tl/sfd} hf]8 lbog5. :s'n}lkr5] a fl08ªsf] k efj dg6]zj/ldfq xf]og, lzif0fsf] qmddf cfpsf] kl/jt{gsf] k efj ljbfnox df k ToIf k/]sf] 5. klxnf O;L8LnfO{ Tolt Wofg glbg] ljbfnox df ;d]t clxn] cfp/ 5'6\6} Ans g} /fv]/ / cfkm\g} ljbfnosf] ljªsf] kdf ljsf; ug{ yfn]sf] b]vg ;lsg5. o;}sf] pbfx/0f xf], emld;v]nl:yt lk ldo/ OG6/g];gn lk :s'n, P;eLkL lsg8/ jn8{. ltglx n] ToxfFsf] jftfj/0f afnd}ql tyf /dfonf] vfnsf] agfpsf] 5. tl :s'ndf afnaflnsf v]ngsf nflu pko'qm 7fpF tyf v]nf}gfn] ;' ';lhht agfopsf 5g\. ;'/lift jftfj/0fn] :s'nsf] xftfleq k:bf km/s cg'ej x'g] vfnsf] agfpsf] 5. afnaflnsfsf] ;fdyo{ klxrfg u/l pglx sf] rf}tkml{ ljsf; u/fpgsf nflu ljbfnox ttk/ ep/ nflu/x]sf 5g\. To:tf] jftfj/0f kfpsf ljbfyl{ / ToxfFsf] lziff k 0ffnLn] afnaflnsfnfo{ cftdlge{/, ;fx;l, rt'/, w}o{jfg, ljzn]if0f ug]{ tyf snkgfzlqmo'qm agfpf5. pglx df 1fg, lg0f{o Ifdtf, ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ tyf ;DaGw ;'dw'/ agfpg] ;fdflhs Jojxf/sf] klg ljsf; u/fpf5. lzifsx klg tflnd k fkt tyf lhdd]jf/ 5g\. afnaflnsfnfo{ v]n tyf l;sfosf] ;Gt'ngaf6 cwofkg u/fog5. siffdf epsf ljlegg ;fdu Ln] afnaflnsfx nfo{ hljg lhpg l;sfpf5g\. ljbfnox n] s'g}n] dfl/of dg6]zj/lsf] bz{g;fu lgs6 /x]/ t sf]xln] clxn] cfpsf] O{;LO{;L ljlw tyf ahf/df k f/ldes siffdf cfpsf] goff goff cjwf/0ffnfo{ ;+of]hg u/l siff ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\. b'o{ jif{b]lv % jif{sf afnaflnsfx nfo{ cwofkg u/fog] ol ljbfnox n] klg k f/ldes afnljsf;nfo{ prr k fyldstfdf /fv]af6 klg a fl08ªsf] k efj k/]sf] dfgg ;lsg5. tl ljbfnox n] klg k f/ldes afn ljsf; sfo{qmddf h:t} u/l ljxfg ;f9] ( ah]b]lv # ah];dd siff ;~rfng ug]{ u/]sf 5g\. ljbfno eg] klg xfdln] O;L8Lb]lv g} afnaflnsf lng yfn]sf 5f}F, xfdln] c? O;L8Lsf] dfq e/ kof}{f eg] ;d:of x'g] ep/ ljbfnod} o:tf] vfnsf] sfo{qmd leq\ofpsf xf}f.ú Ps ljbfno ;~rfnsn] eg]. x]bf{, ;'Gbf klg ljbfnos} cfefif lbg] u/l :s'nsf] xftfleq} 5'6\6} afnd}ql jftfj/0f agfp/ ;~rfngdf Nofpg' pglx sf] ljbfnox n] s'g}n] dfl/of dg6]zj/lsf] bz{g;fu lgs6 /x]/ t sf]xln] clxn] cfpsf] O{;LO{;L ljlw tyf ahf/df k f/ldes siffdf cfpsf] goff goff cjwf/0ffnfo{ ;+of]hg u/l siff ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\. b'o{ jif{b]lv % jif{sf afnaflnsfx nfo{ cwofkg u/fog] ol ljbfnox n] klg k f/ldes afnljsf;nfo{ prr k fyldstfdf /fv]af6 klg a fl08ªsf] k efj k/]sf] dfgg ;lsg5. afwotf epsf] 5. afnaflnsfx sf] dfgl;s, zf/ll/s, ;fdflhs cflbsf] rf}tkml{ ljsf; u/fpgs} nflu klg of] sfo{qmd cfjzos epsf] pglx atfpf5g\. lt ljbfnox n] cwofkgsf ;fydf afgljojxf/, vfg] afgl, af]nljojxf/, ;/;kmfo tyf cltl/qm lqmofsnfkdf klg plqs} Wofg lbpsf] kfog5. a fl08ªs} ;Gbe{df ls8\hlsf lzjf Gof}kfg]n] ;a}sf] k9fpg], n]vfpg], l;sfpg] tl/sf km/s km/s x'g5, ToxL tl/sf a fl08ªsf] kdf ljsf; epsf] atfpfb} elgg\, arrfx nfo{ 3f]s]/ k9fpsf] dg k/fpfb}gg\ cleefjsx, pglx cfkm\gf] arrfn] lgss} :jtgq ep/ l;sf];\ egg] rfxg5g\. 3f]Sg gk/lsg v]nbfv]nb} l;sf];\ egg] cleefjssf] rfxgfn] g} a fl08ª km:6fpsf] xf]. ;/sf/l O;L8Lsf] xfn M a]xfn ;/sf/l nufgldf ljbfnodf rn]sf xf];\ of ;d'bfosf rn]sf afn ljsf; s]g, b'a}sf] cj:yf lbgfg'lbg boglo agb} upsf] / ;'wf/sf] cfjzostf 68\sf/f] ag]sf] ;/sf/l cwoog k ltj]bgaf6} k l:6psf] 5. df sf7df8f}+ ljzjljbfno :s'n ckm Ph's];gn] g]kfnsf cf7 lhnnfdf k f/ldes afn ljsf; s]g sf] u'0f:t/ gs;f+sg u/]sf] lyof]. pqm cwoog k f/ldes afn ljsf; kf7\oqmd, k f/ldes afn ljsf; s]g sf] Go"gtd dfkb08 / k f/ldes l;sfo tyf ljsf; dfkb08sf] sfof{gjogsf] cj:yfnfo{ cfwf/ dfg]/ ul/psf] lyof]. pqm cwoog cg';f/ #^ bzdnj rf/ k ltzt afn ljsf; s]g n] Go"gtd dfkb08cg';f/ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ k"/f u/]sf 5}gg\. To:t}, $& bzdnj ^@ k ltzt afn ljsf; s]g n] l;sfo If]qsf] Joj:yf u/]sf 5g\ eg] Go"gtd dfkb08sf cfwf/df l;sfo If]q k"/f ug]{ afn ljsf; s]g ;ft bzdnj ;ft k ltzt dfq /x]sf 5g\. cwoogn] k f/ldes afn ljsf; kf7\oqmdsf] sfof{gjog ug]{ s]g s]jn $* k ltzt dfq /x]sf] b]vfpsf] lyof]. oltdfq xf]og, ljbfno xftfdf ;~rflnt afn ljsf; s]g d} l;sfo d}ql jftfj/0fsf] cefj /x]sf] klg kfopsf] 5. v]nb}, l;sb} / cf/fd ub}{ ljbfno egf{ x'g'cl3 dfgl;s kdf tof/ x'g'kg]{ afnaflnsfnfo{ s]gb df /fvl ;~rfngdf /x]sf sf7df8f}+sf afn ljsf; s]g df k"jf{wf/sf] cefj gep klg l;sfod}ql jftfj/0fsf] eg] cefj /x]sf] lziff ljefun] hgfpsf] 5. ljbfno hfg] pd]/ k"j{sf afnaflnsfsf] PsLs[t tyf ;du ljsf;sf nflu vf]lnpsf] afn ljsf; s]g k f/ldes afnljsf; s]gb sf] dd{ cg';f/ ;~rfngdf g/x]sf] ljefusf pklgb]{zs Pj+ k f/ldes afnljsf; zfvfsf k d'v xl/k ;fb vgfnn] atfp. afn ljsf; s]g n] k f/ldes afnlziff tyf ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] Go"gtd dfkb08 k"/f ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g\Ú, pgn] eg], t/ tl s]gb x df afnaflnsfsf] rfk eg] a9l 5.Ú siff ;~rfng ug{ vfg]kfgl / zf}rfno Joj:yf x'g'k5{. siffsf]7fdf sfk]{6, rs6l, afnd}ql /+u/f]ug / tl:a/, cif/ / ejg e"sdk k lt/f]wftds x'g'kg]{ k fjwfg /x]sf] 5. pgn] ut d+l;/df dfq lziff ljefu, o'lg;]km, ;]e b lrn8]«g / ;]tf] u'/ff;nufotsf u}/;/sf/l ;+:yf / lhnnf lziff sfof{nosf k ltgllw, ljbfno lg/lifs, ; f]tjolqmnufotsf] ;xeflutfdf sf7df8f}+, eqmk'/, nlntk'/sf ljlegg ljbfnox df ;~rflnt afnljsf; s]gb x df ;d:ofsf] rfªú g} /x]sf] lgisif{ lg:s]sf] atfp. jfnljsf; s]gb x sf] cjnf]sg;fu} cg'udg ul/psf] hfgsf/l lbp. tl s]gb x df cg'udgsf] qmddf afnljsf; s]g eg]]/ :yfkgf ul/p klg sltko eg] gfdd} dfq} ;Lldt epsf] klg kfopsf] atfp. s'g}df ef}lts k"jf{wf/ 5, s'g}df 5}g, t/ clwsf+zdf eg] afnd}ql jftfj/0f, u'0f:t/lo l;sfo 5}g, To:tf cj;/af6 ;d]t afnaflnsf jl~rt eo/x]sf 5g\.Ú pgsf] egfo 5. pgn] afnaflnsfx sf] ;jf{ª\ul0f ljsf;sf] nflu :yflkt afn ljsf; s]gb x df v]n d}bfgsf] cefj x'fbf zfl//ls ljsf;df afwf k'lu/x]sf] klg atfp. k f/ldes afn ljsf; s]g sf] d"n p2]zo g} ljbfno hfg'k"j{ afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{ª\ul0f ljsf; ug{' xf]. t/, b]zsf s0f{wf/ tof/ ug]{ lhdd]jf/l af]s]sf afn ljsf; s]g sf] o:tf] boglo cj:yfn] xfdl stflt/ uo/x]sf 5f}F egg] k :6 agfpsf] 5. To;}n] htftt} v'n]sf s]g af6 cleefjs lgs} ;hu x'g'kg]{ a]nf cfpsf] 5. dgk/l / vf]ngsf nflu dfq v'n]sf s]g 5gf]6sf] a]nfd} cleefjsn] Wofg lbg g;s] afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{ª\ul0f ljsf;df afwf k'u5,ú afn ljsf; lj1 dlgfifl bfxfn ;'emfpfl5g\. afn ljsf; s]g sf] ljsf; / l;sfosf nflu pko'qm x'g'kg]{ l;4fgt glltdf sf]l/g], tflnddf e6\ofog], cleefjsnfo{ ;DemfOg], efif0fdf kmnflsg], sfo{ljlwdf k :6\ofOg], ljbfnosf lj1fkgdf b]vfog] t/ Jojxf/df k of]u gug]{ sf/0f afn ljsf; s]g sdhf]/ eo/x]sf] 5. xfn d'n'sdf ;fd'bflos cyf{t\ lziff dgqfnoaf6 ;xof]ul sfo{stf{n] Go"gtd k fkt ug]{ u/l ;~rfngdf /x]sf afn ljsf; s]g sf] ;+Vof #) xhf/ #$ k'u]sf] 5. olt dfq gep/ afnaflnsfnfo{ ljbfno hfg] afgl a;fpg ;~rflnt clwsf+z ;/sf/l afn ljsf; s]g df z}lifs ;fdu Lsf] cefj klg plqs} b]lvpsf] 5 eg] lghl nufgldf ;~rfngdf cfpsf :s'n ;'ljwf;dkgg eo/x]sf 5g\. o;n] ubf{ ;/sf/l tj/df ;~rfngdf /x]sf O;L8Lsf] :t/ lbgfg'lbg 3l6/x]sf] 5. of] ljifodf lziff ljefun] nufgl dfq u/]sf] t/ To;sf] cg'udg gu/]sf] atfpf5g\ cleefjs ;+3 g]kfnsf k"j{ cwoif ;'k eft l3ld/]. ;/sf/l afn ljsf; s]g ;~rfng ug{ z}lifs ;fdu L vl/bsf nflu ;/sf/n] lhnnf lziff sfof{nodfkm{t k lts]g Ps xhf/?lkoff lbg] u/]sf] 5. pqm /sd To:tf ;fdu L vl/b ug{ kof{kt g/x]sf] ;DalGwt afn ljsf; s]g sf ;xhstf{ Pj+ ljbfnosf k wfgfwofksx atfpf5g\. sf7df8f}+ d"nkfgll:yt >L g]kfn /fli6«o lgdf{0f pdfljsf O;L8L ;xof]ul sfo{stf{ sdnf nfld5fg]n] ljbfnodf arrfsf nflu siffsf]7fsf] cefj epsfn] ;DkGg / :yfglo :t/sf afnaflnsf O;L8Ldf cfpg] gu/]sf] atfpfl5g\. afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{ª\ul0f ljsf;sf] cfwf/ ;'lglzrt u/l k fylds lziffsf nflu tof/ ug{' To;sf] p2]zo ep klg To;cg';f/ ;'ljwf glbfbf ;/sf/n] b]vfj6l sfd dfq ul//x]sf] l6kk0fl 5 afn ljsf; ljz]if1 ;fg' cdftosf]. zf/bf dfljsf k frfo{ /f]zg/fh t'oft'ofn] ;/sf/l O;L8L lau g'df ;/sf/l;fu s'g} :ki6 lehg g} gepsf] atfp. pgn] Psk6s lbpsf] tflnds} e/df s]gb nfo{ Jojl:yt ug{ g;lsg] atfp. afn ljsf; s]g df afnaflnsfn] eljiodf hfgg' / l;sg'kg]{ w]/} ljifoj:t'sf wf/0ffnfo{ ult, v]n, syf, lrq, gf6s, clego, s'/fsfgl, cjnf]sg h:tf ljlegg lqmofsnfksf dfwodaf6 l;sb5g\. ;fg} pd]/df cjwf/0ff :ki6 epdf kl5 up/ afnaflnsfn] ljbfnodf l;sfpg] s'g} klg ljifonfo{ /fd f];fu a' 5g\. t/, s]g s} cj:yf boglo x'fbf k f/ldes afn ljsf; s]g sf] k efjsfl/tf tyf sfo{qmdsf] u'0f:t/dfly k Zg p7\g yfn]sf] 5. o:tf] klg 5 ;/sf/l O;L8L ;a} 6L7nfUbf] eg] 12 13

9 cfj/0f cfj/0f 5}g. s]xl u5'{ egg] ljbfno clg ;xof]ul sfo{stf{ / k zf;galrsf] tfbftdotf epsf ljbfnodf eg] /fd f] u/]sf pbfx/0fx klg x'fb} gepsf xf]ogg\. jfn ljsf; s]g n] jfnd}ql lziff, jfnd}ql ljbfno ejg, jfnd}ql Aojxf/ nufotsf ljifodf lzifs, cleefjs ;a}nfo{ ;r]t klg agfpsf] lzifsx atfpf5g\. a9\bf] cfw'lgsls/0f clg dflg;sf km]l/psf /f]hfosf sf/0f ;fd'bflos ljbfnox sf] tnnf] siffx df ljbfyl{ ;+Vof qmdzm C0ffTds alg/x]sf] a]nfdf eqmk'/sf * ljbfnosf tnnf siffx sf nflu nlift u/l lbopsf] dg6]zj/l lzif0f ljlw;dagwl tflndn] qmdzm ;'wf/ / ljbfyl{ ;+Vof a9fpgsf nflu ;xof]u u/]]sf] ljbfnosf k c tyf lzifsx atfpf5g\. eqmk'/df dfq gep/ sfe ]df klg k f/ldes afnljsf; s]gb sf] u'0f:t/ clej[l4 Pj+ lbuf] Joj:yfkg epsf] ;/f]sf/jfnfx atfpf5g\. sfe ]df ;]e b lrn8«]gsf] ;xof]u tyf lhnnf lziff sfof{no sfe ]sf] ;dgjo / gfªzfn Pzf]l;P;g g]kfnn] sf] hgj/lb]lv sfe ] lhnnfsf] $ j6f :yfglo tx w'lnv]n g=kf=-;flas kftn]v]t ufla;_ / gdf]j'4 g=kf= -;fljs bfkrfsfzlv08 gu/kflnsf_, /f]zl ufpfkflnsf -;flas s6'~h], l;kfnl, lz;fvfgl,ufla;_ dxfef/t ufpfkflnsf -;flas a'9fvfgl, kmf]ls;ª6f/, agv' / 3tL{5fk ufla;_ j6f afnljsf; s]gb df ;+rflnt k f/ldes ;fif/tf / ul0ft kl/of]hgfn] kl/jt{g NofPsf] gfªzfn Pzf]l;P;g g]kfnsf cwoif lbg]z nfdfn] atfp. sfo{qmdn] k f/ldes afnljsf; s]gb sf] dfq geo{ ;du lziffsf] of]hgf lgdf{0f tyf sfof{gjog / u'0f:t/ Nofpgsf] nflu dxtjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] kgf}tl gu/kflnsfsf k d'v led k ;fb Gof}kfg]n] atfp. otf eqmk'/df tflnd cl3;dd k9fpg lbss dfgg] lzifsx df tflndn] goff phf{ yk]sf] 5, of] phf{n] ljbfyl{nfo{ kmfobf k'u]sf] 5. h;cg';f/ tflndcl3 Pp6f siffdf!)!@ hgf ljbfyl{ /fv]/ k9fpg'kg]{ afwotfdf /x]sf lzifsx clxn] Pp6} #) hgf ljbfyl{ kfp/ b+u 5g\. ;x/sf xf]pg\ of ufpfsf clxn] dflg;nfo{ cfˆgf] 5f]/f5f]/Lx sf] :ofxf/;';f/ ug{;d]t ;do cefj cefj eo/x]sf] 5. Jo:t cfdf a'afx nfo{ cfˆgf] 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ :ofxf/, ;';f/ ug]{, /fd f] lziff lbg] sfd dg6]zj/l ljlwn] u5{ egg] r]t cleefjsdf k/] klg b}lgs sfd u/l vfg'kg]{ cleefjssf nflu dx+uf lghl ljbfnodf k9fpg' eg]sf] cfsfzsf] kmn cffvf t/l d/sf] cj:yf h:t} epsf] oyfy{nfo{ lrg{ b}lgs Hofnfdhb'/L ug]{ dhb'/, cfkm"n] b}lgs ldlxg]t u/l kmnfpsf] t/sf/l a]rg] ls;fgnufotsf OR5fnfO{ ;fd'bflos ljbfnox df ;~rfngdf /x]sf] dg6]zj/l lzif0f ljlwn] ;3fPsf] 5. ljz]iftm eqmk'/ gu/kflnsfsf] zf/bf dflj, u0f]z dflj, ;"o{ljgfos gu/kflnsf l;kf8f]nsf] u0f]z dflj, lrqkf]nsf] b]phfufpf cfwf/e"t ljbfno, rffu'gf/fo0f gkf 5flnªsf] u0f]z dflj, eqmk'/ gu/kflnsfsf] ;dfh;]jf OlGi6Ro'6, r08]zj/l / eld cfb{z cfwf/e"t ljbfnosf] O;L8Lsf lzifsx nfo{!% lbg] dg6]zj/l;dagwl tflndsf] agbf]a:t u/]kl5 ;fd'bflos ljbfnox sf] hu}b]lv kl/jt{g b]lvg yfn]sf xf]. g]kfn dhb'/ ls;fg kf6l{sf cwoif gf/fo0fdfg lah's5]+ eqmk'/ If]q g+=! sf ;f+;b lyp, pgs}!) nfv?lkoffsf] ;f+;b sf]ifaf6 #% hgf lzifssf nflu dg6]zj/l tflnd lbpkl5 lzifsx df k"gtf{hul ldnof]. O;L8Ldf lgo'qml kfpkl5 kfpsf]!^ lbg] tflndegbf c? s'g} tflnd gkfpsf pglx sf nflu cleefjssf] dfu cg';f/sf] k9fosf nflu cfkm"nfo{ tof/ ug{ tflnd sf]z]9'+uf ;fljt epsf] 5. ;fd'bflos ljbfnod} dg6]zj/l ljlw nfu" x'g' Hofb} /fd f] epsf] lzifsx sf] 7x/ 5. ;/sf/n] rnfpsf] O;L8L ljlwsf] k efj ;dfhdf Tolt gk/l/x]sf] a]nf clg, ;/sf/l O;L8Ldf s'g ljlwaf6 k7gkf7g x'g5 < eg]/ sf]xln] ;f]wbf gfhjfkm ep/ d'v /ftf] agfpg'kg]{ cj:yfdf yf]/} k of;n] klg ;fd'bflos ljbfnodf nfu" ul/psf] ljlw goff afnaflnsfx sf nflu a/bfg} x'g] ;don] b]vfpf5 g}. casf] af6f] s]g s} cj:yf boglo x'fbf k f/ldes afn ljsf; s]g sf] k efjsfl/tf tyf sfo{qmdsf] u'0f:t/dfly k Zg p7\g yfn]sf] 5. s'g} ljbfnon] afn ljsf; s]g jf k"j{k fylds siffnfo{ ;fgf] sf]7f lbp/ afnaflnsfnfo{ sf]lr/x]sf] cj:yf 5 eg] st} st} afn ljsf; pd]/sf afnaflnsfnfo{ siff! ;Fu} /fv]/ rnfopsf] cj:yf klg ljbdfg 5.Ú o:tf] cj:yfaf6 u'lh /x]sf] To:tf O;L8L, lk :s'nx n] cfufdl lbgdf afn ljsf; s]g sf] ljsf; / l;sfosf nflu pko'qm x'g'kg]{ l;4fgt glltdf sf]l/psf] cfwf/df rng' x'gg. tflnddf e6\ofog], cleefjsnfo{ ;DemfOg], efif0fdf kmnflsg], sfo{ljlwdf k :6\ofOg], ljbfnosf lj1fkgdf b]vfog], t/ Jojxf/df k of]u gug]{ :jefj / rl/qsf] x'g'x'gg. o:tf] tl/sfn] tl lk :s'nx nfo{ cem sdhf]/ agfpf5. afnaflnsfdf cftdljzjf; hufpg', kl/jlt{t ;dfh Pj+ cgo JolQmk lt ;sf/ftds ;f]r ljsf; ug{', r'gf}tl, afwf tyf ;kmntfdf ;+j]uftds ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ d2t k' ofpg'sf ;fy} ;fdflhs tyf Jofjxfl/s d"no dfgotfsf cfwf/df Jofjxfl/s 1fg k bfg ug{' / c;n gful/s x'g] cfwf/lznf v8f ug{' ' of] lziffsf] p2]zo xf]. ljljw lsl;dsf dgf]/~hs lzif0f l;sfonfo{ lqmofsnfksf dfwodaf6 afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{+ul0f ljsf; u/l pglx nfo{ k fylds ljbfnosf nflu tof/ kfg{' klg lk k fod/l kf7\oqmdsf] p2]zo xf]. olt ep klg ;/sf/n] tof/ kf/]sf] kf7\oqmddf pnn]v epsf Jofjxfl/s l;k s;/l l;sfpg] egg] ljifodf eg] st} s]xl pnn]v gx'g' lj8djgf epsf]n] ca eg] :yfglo txn] hu}b]lv sfd ug'{kg]{ lziffljb\ Pj+ afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ lgsfox sf] ;'emfj 5. lk :s"nn] ;fgf afnarrf epsf sfdsfhl dlxnfx nfo{ ;lhnf] agfpsf] 5. :yfglo :jfoq zf;g n] :yfglo lgsfon] cfˆgf] ; f]taf6 k"j{k fylds ljbfno :yfkgfsf] cg'dlt lbg] / lgodg ug]{ Joj:yf u/]kl5 g]kfndf dg6]zj/l, lsg8/uf6{]g, k f/ldes afn ljsf; s]g, lzz' :ofxf/ s]g x v'ng yfn]sf x'g\. t/, clxn] ;+rflnt w]/}h;f] cg'dlt glnpsf cj}w 5g\. sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf / u}/ ;/sf/l ;+:yf ;du ljsf; ;]jf s]g ;fndf u/]sf] ;+o'qm cwoogn] pktosfdf!#^ j6f dfq lk :s"n btf{ epsf] kfpsf] lyof], hals To:tf :s"nx zx/sf 6f]n 6f]ndf vf]lnpsf lyp, 5g\. btf{ epsfdwo] klg ;ftj6f j8f sfof{no / Pp6f u};;sf] kdf btf{ epsf kfopsf] gu/kl/ifb\af6 kfl/t sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsfsf] lk :s"n ;DaGwL lgb{]lzsfn] dxfgu/kflnsfleq ;/sf/n] afx]s c n] o:tf :s"n rnfpg rfx] j8f sfof{nodf lgj]bg lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5. dxfgu/kflnsfsf] ;fdflhs ljsf; ljefu k d'v a Laxfb'/ v8\sf lk :s"nx btf{ epsf / dfkb08 cg';f/ 5g\, 5}gg\ eg]/ ca :ynut cg'udg ug]{ atfpf5g\. dxfgu/kflnsfn] v'nnf siffsf]7f, pko'qm kmlg{r/, v'nnf jftfj/0f, kf]lifnf] vfgf, ;kmf kfgl / zf}rfno, tflndk fkt lzifs, jflif{s z}lifs Sofn]08/nufotsf ( j6f ;"rs k"/f u/]sfn] dfq lk :s"n ;~rfng ug{ kfpg] dfkb08 agfpsf] 5, t/ z'ns lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5}g. dxfgu/kflnsfn] lgb]{lzsf agfpg'cl3 j8f sfof{nox n] g} lk :s"n ;~rfng cg'dlt lbg] uy]{. ttsfnlg kf]v/f pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] ;fndf lgb]{lzsf agfp/ gu/df lk :s"n ;~rfng cg'dlt lbpsf] lyof]. lgb]{lzsf agfpkl5 %# j6f lk :s"n btf{ epsf] kf]v/f n]vgfy dxfgu/kflnsfsf ;fdflhs ljsf; dxfzfvf k d'v cf]d/fh kf}8]n atfpf5g\. t/, of] dxfgu/kflnsf If]qdf!%) egbf a9l lk :s"n /x]sf] cg'dfg 5. cleefjs ;+3, g]kfnsl jl/i7 pkfwoif ;l/tf cof{n dfkb08 / cg'udg gx'fbf h;n] h] u/] klg x'g5 egg] epsf] atfpfl5g\. nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsf;fu klg lk :s"naf/] s'g} of]hgf 5}g. dxfgu/kflnsfsf k jqmf? uf}td l;kmfl/z lng cfpg]x nfo{ lbg] ul/psf] atfpf5g\. nlntk'/df l;kmfl/z kfpg]n] lhnnf lziff sfof{nodf btf{ x'g] u/]sf] pgn] atfp. nlntk'/ dxfgu/kflnsfdf $^ j6f lk :s"n btf{ epsf]df xfn;dd #$ j6fn] gjls/0f u/]sf 5g\. lziff dgqfnosf k jqmf 8f= xl/ nd;fn ca lk :s"n ;+rfng ;DaGwL ;a} lhdd]jf/l :yfglo txn] kfpsf] atfpf5g\. To:t}, lziffljb\ sf]o/fnf ca :yfglo txn] a]n}df o;tkm{ Wofg glbp lk :s"n cjwf/0ffdf emg\ a]lylt cfpg] atfpf5g\. lk :s"naf/] :yfglo lgsfox xf]lzof/ gx'fbf ltgsf] olsg tyofí ;d]t kfofb}g. oxl ;Gbe{df g]kfnsf] lziff If]qsf ;d:of klxrfg u/l bl3{sfnlg dfu{lrq agfpg u7g epsf] prr:t/lo lziff cfof]un] lziffdgqlnfo{ a'emfpsf] k f/ldes d:of}bfdf klg lk :s'nx sf] ljifo klg k/]sf] 5. ;'emfjdf cfwf/e"t txsf] lziffnfo{ clgjfo{ / lgmz'ns 3f]if0ff ug{ ;'emfa lbopsf] 5. cfof]un] ljbfno;dd k'ug] afnaflnsfnfo{ dfq gep/ ljbfno gk'u]sf afnaflnsfnfo{ klg lziff lbg ;lsg] ;'emfax lbpsf] 5. k b]z ;/sf/ tyf ;+3Lo ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf :yfglo ;/sf/n] cfwf/e"t txsf] lziff clgjfo{ tyf lgmz'ns agfpg'kg]{ d:of}bfdf pnn]v 5. ckf+utf epsf, blnt, ljkgg tyf Psn a:tlsf afnaflnsfsf] clgjfo{ tyf lgmz'ns lziff kfpg] xs ;'lglzrt ug{ 3/}df k9fpg], ;ftfdf Ps b'o{ lbg k9fpg], 6f]n6f]ndf k9fpg] jf k ljlwdfkm{t k9fpg] Joj:yf ug{ ;'emfa lbopsf] 5. To:t}, ;8s afnaflnsf, cgfy cflbsf nflu clgjfo{ Pj+ lgmz'ns cfwf/e"t lziff ;'lglzrt ug]{ sfd :yfglo ;/sf/n] ug{'kg]{ ;'emfa 5. dg6]zj/lnufot k f/ldes afn lziff ;+rfng ug]{ ;+rfns / siff ;+rfng ug]{ ;xhstf{ b'a}y/ln] g]kfn ;/sf/n] tof/ kf/]sf] afn dgf]lj1fg Pk6LRo"8 6]:6df Go"gtd pknlaw xfl;n u/]s} x'g'kg]{ ;'emfj 5. lk :s"nx df afnaflnsfnfo{ x]/rfxsf ;fy} Kn]u 'k, g;{/l, Pns]hL / o's]hldf /fv]/ v]nfpg], k9fpg] / l;sfpg] ul/g5. siff! egbf tnsf ol txx nfo{ ljbfnox n] ;'xfpfbf] gfd lbpsf x'g5g\. lk :s"nx df afnaflnsfsf] zf/ll/s, ;+j]uftds, af}l4s, ;fdflhs ljsf;sf nflu k ltkflbt cwofkg ljlw ckgfog5. g]kfnsf dg6]zj/l v]nfodf, lsg8/uf6]{g k9fodf / afn ljsf; s]g ;dfh ;'xfpfbf] l;sfodf s]lg t x'g] cjwf/0ff /x]sf] lziffljb\ sf]o/fnf atfpf5g\. pgsf cg';f/, x/]s afnaflnsf km/s Ifdtfsf x'g5g\. To:tf] Ifdtf / dgf]efj a'em]/ l;sfpg] lk :s"nsf] l;4fgt x'g5. afnd}ql :s"n / siffsf] nflu bz ;'emfj dgk ;fb jfun] k f=8f=pj+ lziffljb\!= ;'/lift, :j:ys/, ;kmf / ;+/lift k"jf{wf/ -z'4 vfg]kfgl, ;kmf siffsf]7f, e"sdk h:tf b}jl k sf]kaf6 ;'/lift, 3/b]lv :s"n / :s"nb]lv 3/ hfg] ;'/Iff, 9'Ss ep/ k9\g kfpg] jftfj/0f, ;a} vfn] lx+;f/lxt siffsf]7f / :s"n afn clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg -afn clwsf/ dxf;lgwn] kfl/t u/]sf ;a}vfn] k fjwfg_ #= ;a} vfn] afnsk lt e]befj/lxt ;dfg Jojxf/ -ul/a, 7"nf /f]u nfu]sf, legg Ifdtf epsf, l;dfgts[t clg eflifs, n}+lus, ;f+:s[lts, jul{o ;a} vfn]_ $= ljbfno zflgt If]qsf] ljsf; -ljbfnosf nflu ;d'bfosf] z}lifs lqmofsnfk afx]s ljbfnoleq cgo s'g} klg sfo{qmddf k ltjgw, / / # gda/sf ;a} k fjwfg_ %= lzifsk lt afn e/f];f -afn zf]if0f, of}g lx+;f, tyf s'g} klg lx+;f lzifsaf6 x'fb}g egg] ljzjf; / lzifs afn ljsf;sf] k d'v s8lsf] kdf_ ^= afnsx df ljbfnok lt ;sf/ftds ;f]rsf] ljsf; -;a} afnsx :s"n hfg eg]kl5 /dfonf] dfgg], :s"n hfg}k5{ egg] efjgf, :s"n g} cfˆgf] pggltsf] wf/0ff, k9fpg] lzifs / k wfgfwofkssf /fd f Jojxf/sf] gssn, lzifs / ljbfnok lt ;Ddfg_ &= ;xsfo{sf] cjwf/0ff -;fyl ;fyl ldn] w]/} ug{ / l;sg ;lsg5 egg] efjgf, Psn] csf]{nfo{ ;3fpg] afgl, cfkm" sdhf]/ epsf s'/fdf c?af6 ;xof]u lng] k j[lqdf ljsf;_ *= lziffdf ljbfno / ;d'bfosf] ;+o'qm k of; -;d"bfosf] pggltdf ljbfnosf afn aflnsfsf] e"ldsf, ljbfno ljsf;df ;d'bfosf] of]ubfg, ;d'bfonfo{ ljbfnon] k'of{pg] bl3{sfnlg k efj, ;d'bfosf afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{ª\ul0f ljsf; h:tf cnksfnlg / bl3{sflng of]hgf lgdf{0f / sfof{gjogdf ljbfno / ;d'bfosf] ;+o'qm kxn_ (= ;lqmo Pjd\ ptkfbgd'vl gful/ssf] cjwf/0ff -;dfhdf of]ubfg lbg;sg] Ifdtf, /fhosf] gful/ssf] bflotj, nf]stflgqs d"no dfgotf, c;n gful/s agfpg] k of;_!)= lziffdf afnssf] kl/jf/sf] ;+nugtf -cfˆgf s]6fs]6lsf] k9fok lt cleefjssf]?rl, cleefjsn] ljbfnonfo{ ;3fpg] lqmofsnfk, 3/ / ljbfnoalr afn ljsf;sf ;Gt'lnt k of;, ljbfnodf l;s]sf s'/f 3/df / 3/df l;s]sf d"no / dfgotfx ljbfnodf ;ldd>0f / k j4{g, afnljsf; / Ifdtfsf cfwf/df ;a} kl/jf/sf afnaflnsfsf] Go'gtd :t/ Pjd\ k ultsf] ;'lglzrttf_ 14 15

10 { zlt nx/sf] ;dodf lr;f]sf sf/0f dflg;sf] d[to';d]t x'g ;S5 To;}n], Gofgf] sk8fsf] hf]xf] ;dod} u/f}f. zlt nx/sf] ;dodf 3/aflx/ v'nf :yfgdf w]/} ;do glatfcf}f,3/aflx/ lg:sg' k/]df jf w]/} ;do latfpg' kg]{ epdf Gofgf] sk8f nufcf}f. /ftsf] ;dodf l;/s, sdanh:tf Gofgf] cf]9\g] u/f}f. 3/leq /flt ;'Tbf z/l/sf ;fy} clgjfo{?kdf 5ftL tyf 6fpsf] 9fSg] k agw ldnfcf}f. zlt nx/ rn]sf] ;dodf cfuf] tfk]/ z/l/nfo{ Gofgf] /fvg] u/f}f,5ftl / 6fpsf]nfO{ lr;f]af6 hf]ufpg] sfo{ u/f}f. lr;f]sf] ;dodf z/l/nfo{ rflxg] cfjzos tftf] vfg] s'/fx? vfg] afglsf] ljsf; u/f}f. g]kfn ;/sf/ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dgqfno ;"rgf ljefu tkfo{ Fsf] kl/ro < d lktfda/ Gof}kfg]. d]/f] klxnf] O;L8Lsf] cg'ej s] 5 eg] d]/f b'o{ ;Gtfg 5g\. ;a}egbf /fd f] O;L8L cg'ej ;Gtfgx n] lbpsf 5g\. eggfn] < 5f]/f5f]/L;Fu cln{ rfon8x'8 8]enKd]G6sf] ceof; lbglbg} ul/g5, x]l/g5, a'lemg5, Tof]cg';f/ ceof; ul/g5. ToxLFaf6 l;lsg5. bf]; f] kl/ro egg'kbf{ d}n] cln{ rfon8x'8 ;]G6/df sfd u/]sf] bzf}+jif{ eof]. d l6r/ 6]«g/sf] kdf sfd u5'{. xfdln] jif{df % ;o b]lv! xhf/hgfnfo{ tflnd lbg5f}f. jif{df sdtldf ^) j6f ljbfnodf xfdl lelh6 u5f}{f. wflbªsf dflysf kxf8l If]qb]lv lnp/ sf7df8f}+sf #) xhf/ lng];ddnfo{ ;]jf lbo/x]sf 5f}F. Ph's]zgsf] ;Gbe{df d}n] df:6/ cln{ rfon8x'8df u/]f. csf]{ df:6/ d}n] lkmlnlkg;af6 P8N6 l6lrªdf u/]f. tfxfrnaf6 alp8 u/]sf] x'f. d}n] clncln O;L8Ls} ljifodf l/;r{ u/]sf] 5'. yf]/} OG6/g]zgn sgkm/]g;x df sfo{kq k :t't klg u/]sf] 5'. d ut ;fpgb]lv of] O;LO;Lsf] hg/n Dofg]h/ x'f, O;LO;Lsf] d'vo sfd eg]sf] rfon8 k m]08nl xf]d, rfon8 k m]08nl :s'n xf]. To;}df sfd ul//x]sf 5f}F. To;sf nflu hgf k lzifs x'g'x'g5. xfdl tflnd lbg5f}f. To;kl5 xfd f] csf]{ l8kf6{d]g6 5, ljhg]z 8]enKd]G6 l8kf6{, of] l8kf6{n] dfs]{6df s] s] rflxg5, s:tf] gllt ckgfpg'k5{ eg]/ cwoog x'g5. csf]{ k zf;g zfvf 5. d rflxf of] ;a} l8kf6{nfo{ Xof08n u5'{. clxn] kfo/x]sf] 5 ls 5}g < -Psl5g /f]lsp/_ clxn], s'g k :k]ls6jaf6 x]g]{ egg] xf]. d}n] x]bf{ rflxf epsf] 5}g g} eg5'. t/, lsg kfpsf] klg 5 cgt/jftf{ a f08 dxtjk"0f{ xf]og, dxtjk"0f{ t afnljsf; xf] g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fd f] sl/s'n/ ufo8 lbg ;s]sf] 5}g. csf]{ s'/f xfdl;fu tflndk fkt hgzlqm 5}g. xfdl;fu lk :s'n o:tf] x'g'k5{, o;/l lqmofsnfk ug'{k5{ egg] vfnsf] hgzlqm 5}g. To;sf nflu 8]6'8] PlS6le6L t ug'kof]{. eg]kl5 To;sf] nflu s;n] lbg5 t xfdlnfo{ sl/s'nd eg]/ :s'nn] vf]hg yfn5g\. To;kl5 o'/f] ls8\;n] s] eg5 eg] d;fu Aofu klg 5, jif{el/sf] Knfg klg 5. d;fu n]vg] slk klg 5, snd klg 5, 6fO klg 5, ;a} 5, olt k};f b]pm, d lbg5' egof]. t/, Tof] a fl08ª lsg klg /fd f] xf] eg] To;n] :s'nnfo{ Pp6f :6fo08/fOh]zg lbg5. To;n] clnslt /fd f] agfpf5. t/ a fl08ªn] t Tof] s'/f l;q}df lbfb}g. eg]/ egg'x'g5 eg], cfhegbf tl; jif{egbf cufl8sf] lziffnfo{ lng'x'g5 / cfhsf] lziffnfo{ lng'x'g5 eg] t w]/} epsf] 5. Tof];Fu t'ngf x]g]{ xf] eg] t klxn]egbf w]/} /fd f] epsf] 5. lsg geo/xsf] xf] t < clxn] t emg\ x'g'kg] lg x}g / < kg]{ t xf]. o;df cfcfkm\gf] a'emfo 5, xfdlsxff Yof]/L / k fls6;nfo{ hf]8\g] ttj lziffdf 5}g. h:tf] ls pbfx/0f < d tkfo{fnfo{ ;fwf/0f pbfx/0f lbg5', g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfhegbf!!!@ jif{cl3sf] kf7\oqmddf s] af]nof] eg] afnaflnsfsf] k/liff lnofb}g, lg/gt/ k ult d"nof+sg u/]/ pglx sf] d'nof+sg ul/g5. tkfo{f clxn] (( k ltzt :s'ndf hfg'eof] eg], ;/sf/lb]lv k foe]6;ddsfn] k/liff lno/x]sf 5g\. eg]kl5 Yof]/Ldf 5. bf]; f] pbfx/0f, g]kfn ;/sf/sf] 8f6fdf (( k ltzt lzifs tflndk fkt eg]sf] 5. t/ ha k of]udf hfg'x'g5 eg], Tof] tflndk fkt lzifsssf] siffsf]7f s:tf] 5 < pglx n] lbpsf] cfp6k'6 s:tf] 5 < o;sf/0f Yof/Ldf s'/fx 5g\, ul/g5. csf]{ s'/f afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{ª\ul0f ljsf; eg]/ eg]sf] 5 t/ ToxfFleqsf] d"nof+sg kmf]s; s]df 5 eg], k fyldstf s]df 5 eg] a fl08ª u/]/ Pp6f sl/s'nd kmnf] ug] { egbf klg ;a}af6 l;sg'k5{, a'em\g'k5{ t/ xfd f nflu pknaw s'/fx s] xf] < egg] a'em\g'k5{. afnljsf; dxtjk"0f{ xf]. s'g a f08 dxtjk"0f{ xf]og. lktfdj/ g]pkfg] lzifs tflnd ljefu k d'v, O;LO;L Xof08/fOl6ª, cfu ]hl / lkmlgl;ª b a'sdf 5. ToxfFeGbf csf]{yf]s 5}g. Yof]/Ldf 5 t/ k of]udf 5}g. Yof]/Ldf w]/} s'/f epsf 5g\ t/ t Yof]/LnfO{ jf:tljs hljgdf s;/l Nofpg'k5{ eg]/ a'em]/, ceof; ug]{ dfg5], :s'n ;+:yf vf;} e]6]sf] 5}g. xfd f] ;+3{if klg To;}sf] nflu xf]. xfdl s] ug{ rfxg5f}f eg] xfdlnfo{ 7"nf] l8u L, kf]ln;lsf] s'/f ug{' 5}g. Pp6f gfgl :s'n hffbf /dfpfb} :s'n hfg kfcf];\ / p;sf hlgbulsf nflu rflxg] ;Lksf] ljsf; ug]{ df}sf kfcf];\. ;a}egbf dxtjk"0f{ s'/f g} ToxL xf]. eg]kl5 clxn]sf] l:ylt t 8/nfUbf] kf] b]lvof] t < ;xl xf], 8/nfUb} 5. O;L8Ld} klg a fl08ª e}/x]sf] 5, of] a fl08ªn] Tof] 8/nfUbf] l:yltnfo{ sd unf{ ls gunf{ < o;sf kmfobf s] 5 eg] pbfx/0fsf nflu Pp6f dg6]zj/l xf], a f08sf] kdf cfpsf]. sltn] afnlziffnfo{ dg6]zj/lsf kdf klg a'em]sf 5g\. Tof] unt xf]. t/ Tof] dg6]zj/l cfpkl5 To;sf] kmfobf rflxf s] eof] eg] dflg;x ;r]t ep. xfdln] k/dk/fut kdf lbo/x]sf] lziffegbf clnslt km/s ug'{kg]{ /x]5 egg] nfuof] w]/}nfo{. bf]; f] s'/f h'g :s'n k/dk/fut 16 17

11 cgt/jftf{ cgt/jftf{ kdf ceof; ub}{ lyp lg, tl :s'nx df ljbfyl{ 36]/ w]/}h;f] ljbfyl{ dg6]zj/ldf hfg yfn]. k/dk/fut h'g :s'nx lyp, lj:tf/} r]gh u/], ltglx df ljbfyl{sf] rfk 36]sf] 5}g. t/ h;n] k'/fg} z}nl jif{ cufl8 nfu" epsf l;4fgtdf /xl/x]sf 5g\ ltglx af6 ljbfyl{ 36]/ dg6]zj/ldf up. o;af6 r]tgf lj:tf/ eof]. xfd f] j] ckm lylgsª ckm Ph's]zg egbf aflx/ s]xl 5 x}, csf{] s'/f Kn] Oh ODkf]{6]G6 egg] klg cfof]. t/ To;sf] g]u]l6j ;fo8 x]g]{ xf] eg] To;n] lziffnfo{ dx+uf] agfof]. lziffnfo{ lsg dx+uf] agfof] eg] dg6]zj/ln] s] egof] eg] sf7sf d6]l/on, ;6]{g dg6]zj/ln] OGe]G6 u/]sf d6]l/on; xfdln] rnfpg'k5{, gfglsf] ljsf; To;n] x'g5 egg] 5fk kof]{. Pp6f dg6]zj/l ljlwaf6 siff ;~rfng ug]{ xf] eg] Pp6f siffsf] nflu Go"gQd klg & * nfv?lkoff nfu5. ca oxffsfn] u/]sf 5}gg\ Tof] cfkm\gf] 7fpFdf 5. t/ olb s'g} dg6]zj/ln] Tof] /sdsf] gu/] klg Go"gtd! nfvsf] d6]l/on; t /fvgkof]{. p;n] tl ;fdfg /fv]kl5 To;sf] k};f sxffaf6 lng5 eg] cleefjsaf6} xf]. lziffnfo{ dx+uf] klg agfpg'kb}{g. ;/sf/l :s'ndf h:tf] tfnn] klg x'gg x}. ;/sf/n] lzifsnfo{ tna lbg5, lstfj lbg5, To;sf] cfwf/df dfq lziff lbg' klg Tolt k'ub}g. v]ngsf] nflu t y'k} } s'/fx rflxg5. xfdl;fu dg6]zj/l dfq 5}gg\, y'k } ljlwaf6 ;~rfng epsf lk :s'nx 5g\, o'/f] ls8\; 5g\, ;d]/s 5g\, ldn;a]/l 5g\ lg. of] lsg cfof] eg] g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fd f] sl/s'n/ ufo8 lbg ;s]sf] 5}g. csf]{ s'/f xfdl;fu tflndk fkt hgzlqm 5}g. xfdl;fu lk :s'n o:tf] x'g'k5{, o;/l lqmofsnfk ug'{k5{ egg] vfnsf] hgzlqm 5}g. To;sf nflu 8]6'8] PlS6le6L t ug'kof]{. eg]kl5 To;sf] nflu s;n] lbg5 t xfdlnfo{ sl/s'nd eg]/ :s'nn] vf]hg yfn5g\. To;kl5 o'/f] ls8\;n] s] eg5 eg] d;fu Aofu klg 5, jif{el/sf] Knfg klg 5. d;fu n]vg] slk klg 5, snd klg 5, 6fO klg 5, ;a} 5, olt k};f b]pm, d lbg5' egof]. t/, Tof] a fl08ª lsg klg /fd f] xf] eg] To;n] :s'nnfo{ Pp6f :6fo08/fOh]zg lbg5. To;n] clnslt /fd f] agfpf5. t/ a fl08ªn] t Tof] s'/f l;q}df lbfb}g. ol ;a} a fl08ªsf] p2]zo klg gfglnfo{ siff! sf] nflu tof/ ug'{ g} xf]. loglx klg v]n]/} gfglsf] Ps]8]lds :6f6; a9\5 egg] g} xf]. t/ a fl08ª eg]/ xfdln] h'g n]jnsf] OGe]i6 ul//x]sf 5f}F lg, :6'8]G6sf] n]jndf cfp6k'6 rflxf 5}g. g]kfnsf] kl/k ]Iodf a fl08ªsf] cf}lrto s] kfpg'x'g5 < a fl08ª cfjzos lsg 5}g eg] xfd f] gfglx nfo{ s:tf] lziff lbg'k5{ egg] s'/f xfdln] l8l;hg ug'{k5{. of] b]zsf] af/]df xfdlnfo{ yfxf 5, xfdlnfo{ snr/ yfxf 5, xfdlnfo{ oxffsf] e"uf]n yfxf 5, xfdlnfo{ cleefjs yfxf 5, xfdlnfo{ gfglsf] ljsf; s;/l x'g5, g]kfnsf ef]lnsf Rofn]Gh s] x'g\ < egg] yfxf 5. To;n] ubf{ Pp6fn] goff lbnnldf a;]/, s'g} sl/ s'nd agfof], To;nfO{ rflxf o:tf] o:tf] x'g'k5{ egof], ca Tof] d6]l/on; ;KnfO{ u/]/ xfd f gfglx nfo{ l;sfpfbf vlr{nf] eof]. csf]{, xfdln] lbg'kg]{ s'/f Tof] gfglnfo{ lbg kfof}f ls kfpgf}f egg]df Vofn ul/pg. csf]{, Tof] :6«Sr/df ;a} gfgl lkm6 x'g5g\ < x'fb}gg\ klg. Tof] epsf]n] To:tf a fl08ªx xfd f] kl/j]z ;'xfpfbf] gx'g] ;Defjgf a9l b]lvg5. t/ olb Pp6f /fd f] a'em]sf] lk :s'n lk lg;kn 5, lzifs 5 eg] ltglx n] eg] s]xl ug{ ;S5g\. To;sf] cfkm}+df a]kmfobf 5}g, t/ Toqf] w]/} nufgl, Toqf] w]/} pglx sf] s'/f ;'lg/xg'kg]{ cfjzostf 5}g. O;LO;L klg t a fl08ªs} kdf cfpsf] 5 lg < g]kfnsf] kl/j]zdf egg'x'g5 eg] xfdl s'g} Ps} vfnsf] d6]l/on;nfo{ dfq k df]6 ub}{gf}f. xfd f] hlxn] klg OR5f s] xf] eg] l6r/ 6]«G8 x'g'kof]{, Snf; d rfon8k m]08nl x'g'kof]{. /, PlS6le6L rfon8 ;]G6/, gfglnfo{ ;'xfpfbf] x'g'kof]{. t/ d6]l/on;sf] h'g s'/f u/]sf] 5' Tof] d6]l/on;, tkfo{f xfd f] ;]/f]km]/f]df h'g h'g pknaw 5, To;}nfO{ ;b'kof]u ug{ ;lsg5. ltg} ;fdfg v]n]/, ltg}df ceof; u/]/ klg gfglsf] ljsf; x'g5. a fl08ª d6]l/on; h;df nfvf}+ vr{ x'g5, To;sf] ;6\6f xfdln] xfd } kl/j]zsf d6]l/on; agfof}+ eg] To;sf] k efj klg plqss} x'g5. sd z'nsdf klg sfd ug{ ;lsg5 egg] dfgotfdf 5f}F xfdl. To;n] ubf{ O;LO;L a f08 x'g' g]kfnsf] nflu lsg /fd f] xf] eg] xfdln] :yfglo s'/fx nfo{ s;/l rfon8 k m]08nl d6]l/on; eg]/ lbg5f}f. O;LO;L dfq a f08 x'g' lsg klg g/fd f] xf] eg] xfdln] eg]sf] s'/f dfq ;xl 5 egg] 5}g. olb xfdln] eg]sf] s'/f rfon8 8]enKd]G6 / hljgs} tof/lsf] nflu k of]u x'g] xf] eg] Tof] 7Ls 5. xfdl o;}df sfd ul//x]sf 5f}F. a fl08ªsf gfddf cfpsf ljlegg ljlwx, :s'nx ssf] sf/0f afns x'g\ caf]w x'g\, loglx nfo{ h] u/] klg x'g5 egg] ;Gb]z t upsf] 5}g < cf== clncln t xf]nf. cln{ rfon8x'8sf] ;a}egbf ;'?jft?;f] egg] JolQmaf6 cfpsf] xf]. pgn] s] eg] eg] Kn] Oh ODkf]6]{G6. t/?;f]sf] s'/f To;af]nf sf]xln] klg ktofpgg\. To;kl5 pgsf] cfol8of a'sdf dfq ;Lldt eof]. To;kl5 pgsf] ;flxto dfg5]n] k9].?;f]sf] ;flxto k9]kl5 hd{gsf] k mf]an egg] dfg5] cfof]. pgn] g]r/, Kn] / nj -nj lso/, g]r/ / Kn]_sf] cjwf/0ff NofP. gfglsf] ljsf;sf nflu olt s'/f rflxg5 eg]/ pgn] klxnf] lsg8/uf8]{g ;'? u/]. xfdl s]hl eg5f}f, h'g s]hl k mf]ansf] lsg8/ uf8]{gaf6 ;'? epsf] xf]. k mf]an;fu} csf]{ Ps dflg; klg lyp, k]m:6fnf]hl, hf] Tolt w]/} k rf/df cfpgg\. pgn] s] eg] eg] dfg5]nfo{ 1fg dfq lbp/ x'gg, dfg5]sf] x]8, xf6{ / x\of08 eg]sf] 1fg, ;Lk / wf/0ffsf] tflnd lbg'k5{, Tof] tflnd ;fg}b]lv lbg'k5{ eg]. km]:6fnf]hln] Pp6f :s'n rnfpfy]. k mf]an rflxf p;sf] ljbfyl{ lyp. k mf]ankl5 cfpsf] dfg5] eg]sf] dfl/of dg6]zj/l x'g\. To;kl5 csf]{ Ps dfg5] cfp,?8f]nkm :6fOg/. To;kl5 O+uNof08df dfu{/]6 egg] JolQm cfp. O6fnLsL dg6]zj/l, cl:6«ofsl :6fOg/ clg dfu{/]6 rflxf la l6;. ol ;a} ;dsfnlg x'g\. pgn] cl:i6«ofdf ceof; ul/g\, pgn] O6fnLdf. ca kmfp08];g sxff xf] eg] ToxL?;f]s} Kn] xf]. oxl k mf]an / km]:6fnf]hls} cjwf/0ffdf xf]. dg6]zj/ln] s] ul/g\ t eg] gfglx hf] l8h]an 5g\, pglx ;Fu sfd ul/g\. cem pgn] dfgl;s lj/fdl epsf gfglx nfo{ sfd ul/g\. s] lyof] eg] dfgl;s kdf la/fdlx n] s]xl ug{ ;Qm}gg\ egg] syg lyof] Tof] a]nf. pgn] Tof] a]nf :6«Sr/n d6]l/on; rnfpg yflng\. ToxL d6]l/on;af6 pgn] gfglx df ljsf; epsf] kfog\ / pgn] k]k/ n]lvg\. ToxL k]k/n] ljzjdf x+ufdf Nofof]. Tof] a]nf ;fdfgo a'emfo s] lyof] eg] d]g6n k And epsf gfglx sf] ljsf; x'fb}g. t/ l/;r{n] To;sf] 7Ls ljk/ltsf] s'/f b]vfof]. To;kl5 logsf t d6]l/on; lyp, :6fOg/n] rflxf s] ykof] eg] ;f]l;of], Odf];gn s'/fx yk]. lsgeg] gfglnfo{ 3/df cfdfa'jf;fu 8/ x'gg, goff dfg5];fu 8/ x'g5. :s'ndf klg Pp6L cfdfh:t} lzifs x'g'k5{. g;{/ldf ;'? u/]sf] lzifsn] kffr siffdf dfq 5f]8\g'k5{. lsgeg] ljbfyl{sf] 8]enKd]G6 eg]sf] Tolts} of{g8dnl x'gg, h;/l Ps cfdfn] cfkm\gf] ;GtfgnfO{ lrg]/, hfg]/ x'sf{pfl5g\, To;/L g} lzifsn] Jojxf/ ug'{k5{ eg]/ :6fOg/n] ;f]l;of] Odf]zgndf hf]8 lbp. clxn] cfp/ tkfo{f hxff hfg';\, dg6]zj/ldf hfg';\ ls, ;]d/sdf hfg';\ ls, o'/f] ls8\;df hfg';\, dfly pnn]v ul/ps} kmfp08]zgdf a;]sf 5g\. Pp6f lk :s'ndf uof}f eg] w]/} ljrf/ / /fd f ceof;x nfo{ cjndag ul/psf] b]lvg5g\, o;sf] cy{ s] O;L8Ldf Ogf]e];g xf] < Ogf]e];g xf], lziffdf sdl ep/ gb]v]sf] xf]. jf:tjdf o;/l ug'{kg]{ /x]5 egg] a'em]sf x'g\. a fl08ª u/]/ Pp6f sl/s'nd kmnf] ug]{ egbf klg ;a}af6 l;sg'k5{, a'em\g'k5{ t/ xfd f nflu pknaw s'/fx s] xf] < egg] a'em\g'k5{. afnljsf; dxtjk"0f{ xf]. s'g a f08 dxtjk"0f{ xf]og. dxtjk"0f{ t rfon8 8]enKd]G6df s] s'/fn] k efj kf5{ t < Tof] dxtjk"0f{ xf]. a fl08ªlt/ nfug'egbf klg afnljsf;lt/ nfug'k5{. To;sf] nflu l/;r{df yf]/} sfd ug'{k5{. ;du df g]kfnsf gfglx sf] af/]df cwoog ug'{k5{, s'g pd]/df s] l;s5g\, s] l;sfpg'k5{ egg] ljifodf Wofg lbg'k5{. Pp6f afnsnfo{ g;{/ldf nuof] eg] p;sf] b}lgsl eg]sf] l/l8ª / /fol6ª xf]. cem a9l t /fol6ª g} x'g5. clg ToxL arrf rf/ jif{kl5 klg ToxL n]lv/x]sf] x'g5. of] cfjzos xf] < jf kffr jif{kl5 dfq n]vfpg, k9fpg ;'? uof]{ eg] Tof] gfgln] l;sg] klg plqss} xf]. ljg8f] ckm ck/ro'lg6l s] xf] egg] s'/f a'em\g'k5{. tkfo{ Fn] p7fpg'epsf] ljifodf cwoog,cg';gwfg eo/x]sf] 5 ls 5}g < sf]xln] u/]s]f 5 eg] dnfo{ yfxf 5}g, t/ d}n] a'em];dd u/]sf] 5}g. olt w]/} O;L8Lx 5g\, lk :s'nx 5g\, sf]xlsf] Wofg upg < ;a} cfkm"cfkm"df Jo:t 5g\. t/ PSr'cNnL o;nfo{ s;/l /fd f] agfp/ nfg] < egg] ;Gbe{df lrgtg rflxf sd 5. g]kfnsf] nflu ;'xfpfbf] vfnsf] O;L8L, lk :s'n kl/snkgf cwoogljgf s;/l ug{ ;sf} +nf < ;lsfb}g. s] rflxf xf] eg] g]kfnd} gep klg of] ljifodf cwoog cgt/f{li6«o kdf eo/x]sf] 5. ltglx af6 l;s]/ xfd f]lt/ cknfo uof{}f eg] xfdllt/ sfd x'g5 lg. t/, Tof] cwoog t cgt/f{li6«o txdf ;'xfpfbf] xf]nf, lsgls g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ;x/sf] arrf / ufpfsf] arrfdf km/s x'g5, pd]/ pxl ep klg cf7 jif{sf] ;x/sf] arrf ljxfg cf7 ah] p7\5\, ufpfsf] arrfn] cf7 ah];dd t b'o{v]k kfgl af]ls;s5, of] kl/j]zdf g]kfns} afnaflnsfnfo{ cg';gwfg rflxof] lg < tkfo{fsf] pbfx/0fdf d ;xdt 5'. t/ jn8{jfo8 x]of}{+ eg] Xo'dg 8]enKd]G6sf] Kof6g{ l;ldn/ x'g5. l:k]l;kms l8km/]g; t 5. ljsl;t b]zdf s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfo{ kffr jif{cl3 s'g} k9fo ;'? u/]sf] 5}g. ljlegg b]zn] cwoog ubf{ afnaflnsfsf] ljg8f] ckm ck/ro'lg6l eg]sf] kffr jif{b]lv & jif{;ddsf] xf]. g]kfnsf O;L8Lx b]v]/ tkfo{ F ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'g5 < 5}g. lsg < xfdl h'g;'s} O;L8Lx hfcf}+ g, s] ltglx O;L8Lsf u'0fx df kmf]s; 5g\ < 5}g. xfd f] kmf]s; cif/ s;/l /fd f] agfpg], u[xsfo{ s'g a]nf lbg], siff sfo{ u/]sf] 5 ls 5}g t < egg]df 5. s] n] ufo8 ul//x]sf] kfpg'ef] t < k/liff, cleefjssf] l8df08, lzifs / cleefjssf k'/fgf cg'ejx, 6]S;a'sn] ufo8 ul//x]sf] 5. tkfo{ Fx t To;nfO{ etsfpg' 'k5{ eg]/ nflu/xg' epsf] 5 < eo+s/, eo+s/, of] hflu/ vfps} Tof] etsfpgnfo{ xf]. slxn];dddf Tof] etsfpg] of]hgf 5 < of] r]gh gu/l rflxf d 5f]8\lbFg egg] nfu5. slt nfu5 yfxf 5}g, of] r]gh gu/l t d dlb{g egg] nflu/x]sf] 5. lsgeg] xfd f arrfx n] 3/df :s'ndf h] kfo/x]sf 5g\ Tof]eGbf w]/} u'0ff /fd f] kfpg pglx xsbf/ 5g\. xfdl clxn] klg c;fwo} sd ;Lk hfg]sf] / sd u'0f:t/sf] hgzlqm ptkfbg ul//x]sf 5f}F. Tof] pglx dfly eo/x]sf] cgofosf] pkh xf]. clxn] O;LO;L s] ul//x]sf] 5 < xfdl lzifs tflnd, :s'n sg;n6];g / cleefjs lziffdf sfd ul//x]sf 5f}F. xfd f] tflnd lnpsf lzifsn] :s'ndf up/ s] u/] t eg] d6]l/on; :s'nn] glslglbg], Psbd} xf8{ 6]S;a's ahf/af6 lsgg], tlgrf/ jif{sf] gfglnfo{ k9fpg]. clg k/liff lng]. eg]kl5 v]nsf] nflu t 7fpF g} epg. ljsf; v]nsf] dfwodaf6} x'g5 eg]sf 5f}F. O;LO;Ln] b'o{ tlg jif{b]lv v]ndf cfwfl/t kf7\oqmd, 8]6'8] ufo8sf] sfd ul//x]sf] 5. xfdl ufo8 agfpfb}5f}f, xfdl syf n]vb}5f}f. ha gfgln] syf ;'G5, pgsf] ljsf; l56\6} x'g5. l/l8ª sldk x]g;gsf] klxnf] k ln;lgª sldk x]g;g xf]. p;n] klxnf ;'g]sf] s'/f a'em\g'kof]{. k9\g' eg]sf] ;]Nkm ln;lgª xf]. :6f]/L 6]lnª Oh kmfp08]zg ckm Ph's]zg xf]. To;}df xfdl ul//x]sf 5f}F. o;afx]s :s'nx nfo{ k/lifflagf s;/l gfglsf] d"nof+sg ug]{ egg] ljifodf klg sfd ul//x]sf 5f}F. xfdl sldkn6 lk :s'n Kofs]h agfpg] ceof;df 5f}F. /f];d O+lUn; af]l8{ª :s'n -P;=8L= ;]s]g8/l :s'n_ egf{ v'nof] Ps 3/ Ps /f];d Kn] u' k g;{/l h]=s]=hl= P;=s]=hL=» xf]:6]nsf] ;'ljwf» Jojl:yt k':tsfno» lj1fg k of]uzfnfsf] Jo:yf» e"sdk/lxt ljbfno ejg» oftfoft ;'ljwf» zfgt jftfj/0f ;fy} dg6]:j/l lzif0f k4lt kf08'ahf/, eqmk'/, ;Dks{M (*$(!&^$(^, (*%!!&^$(^ info@rosamschool.com URL: www. rosamschool.com 18 19

12 ljrf/d~r ljrf/d~r g]kfndf ljlegg gfdsf lk :s'nx v'ng] qmd hf/l 5. slt t ljb]zl kf7\oqmd / ljlwx af6 ;+rfng eo/x]sf 5g\. s]xl ;ob]lv em08} nfv?k}off dfl;s z'ns lng] lk :s'ndf g]kfnl s]6fs]6lx kl9/x]sf 5g\. ;Sg]n] gfd rn]sfdf k9fpsf 5g\. g;sg]n] ;/sf/l O;L8Ld} gfglx k7fpsf 5g\. Ps} gfdsf lk :s'nx zx/sf 7fpF7fpFdf v'ng] qmd klg a9\b}5. h;nfo{ lk :s'ndf a fl08ªsf] nx/ rnof] egg]x klg 5g\. xfdln] s]xl lk :s'nsf] If]qdf sfd ul//x]sf JolQmx ;Fu a fl08ªsf] k efjaf/] ;f]w]/ pxffx sf ljrf/x ;+sng u/]sf 5f}F. ol ljrf/x k ltlglwd"ns ljrf/ dfq x'g\. s;}sf] olegbf km/s ljrf/ ep xfdlnfo{ g'jfulsf] Od]ndf k7fpg ;Sg'x'g]5. ;Demgf kf]v/]n lk lg;kn phhjn tf/f :s'n, k]k;lsf]nf, sff8f3f/l ljbfno eg]sf] ;]jfd'ns Jofj;fo epsf] x'bffv]l/ a fl08ª cfkm}df /fd f] xf]. clxn]sf] cfw'lgs ;dodf a fl08ª x'g] ljlts} :t/lo egg] a'lemg5. lglzrt dfkb08leq /x]/ a fl08ª x'g] epsf]n] To;n] u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ klg d2t ldn5. To;}n] a fl08ª ug'{ /fdf] xf]. dfkb08 k"/f ug'{ eg]sf] lk :s'n leqsf] z}lifs / ef}uf]lns u'0f:t/ Joj:yf ug'{ xf]. lk :s'nsf] u'0f:t/ Joj:yfkg x'g' eg]sf] g} To;n] lbg] glthf /fd f] x'g' xf]. To;}n] a fl08ª x'g' /fd f] xf]. d+unf k hfklt lk lg;kn dg6]zj/l Ph's]zg jn8{, ;'o{ljgfos, eqmk'/ a fl08ªnfo{ dfq kmf]s; ubf{ d]/f] ljrf/df /fd f] x'g5 egg] nfub}g. Tof]eGbf klg cleefjsn] cfˆgf] arrfn] 3/ h:t} jftfj/0fdf u'0f:t/lo lziff kfpg] cfzf /fv5g\ h; sf/0f Pp6f lk :s'nn] a fl08ªnfo{ egbf klg ToxfF lbg] ;'ljwfnfo{ a9l Wofg lbg'k5{. cleefjs;fu p7fpsf] z'nscg';f/n] arrfnfo{ h'g ;'ljwfdf lziff k bfg ul/g5, To;nfO{ x]/]/ cleefjs klg ;Gt'i6 x'g' h?/l 5. xfd f]df cfpg] cleefjs cfˆgf] arrfx nfo{ x]/]/ ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'g5. xfdln] arrfnfo{ lbg] ;'ljwf, k9fo{ clg csf]{ s'/f Vjfpg] vfgf klg cleefjsnfo{ hfgsf/l u/fp/ Vjfpg] u/]sf 5f}F. sltko :s'ndf arrfnfo{ of] Vjfp5f}F Tof] Vjfp5f}F elgg5, b]v]sf] x'b}fg t/ xfd f]df slt cleefjs cfkm} cfp/ cfˆgf] arrfnfo{ vfhf VjfP/ g} hfg' x'g5. d]/f] a'emfo{df rflxf a f08 xf]og :s'nn] lbg] u'0f:t/nfo{ Wofg lbg' k5{. 20 /Iff uf}td OGrfh{,kl0fgL :s'n, k]k;lsf]nf, sf7df8f}f d]/f] ljrf/df lk :s'ndf a fl08ª x'g' w]/} /fd f] xf]. hlt lk :s'ndf a fl08ª a9\b} hfg5 Tolt g} :s'nsf] lhdd]jf/l a9\b} hfg5. dg6]zj/l rfxlf afn lziffdf cfwfl/t :s'n epsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ afnarrfn] ha cfˆgf] s'/fx egg ;S5g\ ta dfq pglx nfo{ lk :s'ndf egf{ lng' k5{. To;sf] nflu klg a fl08ª eof] eg] dfq u'0f:t/lo lziff sfod ug{ ;lsg5, h;sf] nflu klg a fl08ª x'g' Psbd /fd f] xf] k 1f clwsf/l lk :s'n sf]cl8{g]6/ eqmk'/ lgi6, nf]sgynl, eqmk'/ g]kfn cfˆg} ef}uf]lns, ;fdflhs, ;ff:s[lts hflto / wfld{s klxrfg af]s]sf] /fi6«xf]. log} ljlegg kifsf sf/0f ljzjd} cnu klxrfg agfpsf] d"n'sn] cgt/fli6«o a f08nfo{ cif/;m Jojxf/df ptfg{ cfˆgf] df}lns klxrfgdf afwf kg]{ ;Defjgf x'g5. kss} klg ljzjsf cg]sg d'n'ssf lj1x sf] lj1tfaf6 lgsflnpsf pkof]ul sfo{qmdx ljzjsf cg]sg d'n'sdf em} g]kfndf klg nfu" ug{ h?/l 5. t/ cfˆgf] kl/j]z ;'xfpfbf] 5 of 5}g olsg ug{ cfjzos 5. xfd f] b]zsf sltko ljbfnox df cgt/fli6«o :t/sf sfo{qmdx nfu" ul/psf 5g\. xfd } ljbfno eqmk"/ lg:6df o:tf cgt/fli6«o sfo{qmdsf ;sf/ftds k efj klg b]lvpsf 5g\. cleefjsx df klg o:tf sfo{qmd k lt ;sf/ftds wf/0ff /x]sf] kfog5 eg] ol sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/psf ljbfnodf ljbfyl{x sf] cfsif{0f klg a9]sf] b]lvg5. o:tf sfo{qmdn] ljbfyl{x nfo{ ljzj kl/j]z;fu glhs agfpsf] 5. ljzjsf h'g;'s} d'n'sdf up/ ToxfFsf] jftfj/0f;fu 3'nldn x'g ;Sg] hgzlqm lgdf{0fdf ol sfo{qmdx ;xof]ul l;4 epsf 5g\. obkl g]kfnsf ljbfnox df k"j{ k fylds txdf cgt/fli6«o a fg8 k"0f{t M nfu" ug{ clxn]s} ;do / ;Gbe{df pko'qm b]lvfb}g. oxffsf s'g} cleefjsdf ljbfno ;s];dd ;fgf] pd]/df k7fpg'k5{ egg] wf/0ff cem;dd 5 t s;}df -k fo M b'u{d If]qdf_ ljbfno k7fpg cfjzos 5 egg] 1fg;Dd 5}g. o:tf] cj:yfdf k"j{ k fylds txsf ljbfyl{x nfo{ pd]/ ;'xfpfbf sfo{qmdx nfu" u/]/ k9fotkm{ cfslif{t ug{ ;lsg5 t/ cgt/fli6«o a f08 x" ax" nfu" ug{ ;Dej 5}g / of] l7s klg 5}g. ctm g]kfnl k"j{ k fylds tx cgt/fli6«o a f08 g} x'g'k5{ egg] dfgotfegbf klg k efjsf/l cgt/fli6«o :t/sf sfo{qmd dfq cfˆgf] kl/j]z cg"s"n nfu" ul/g'k5{ egg] dfgotf ljsl;t x'g cfjzos 5. h:tf] dnfo{ nfu5. h:tf] a fl08ª x'g] ljlqs} ToxfF ToxL cg';f/sf] ;'ljwfx lbopsf] x'g5. afnarrfsf] nflu afnd}ql lziff epsf] x'gfn] arrfx ;[hgzln x'g], pglx n] cfˆgf] dgsf] s'/f klg v'n]/ egg ;Sg] x'g5g\. hlt afnarrfn] cfkm}n] u/]/ b]vfpg'x'g5 Tolt g} jxffx n] cfkm"nfo{ PS;k ]; ug{ ;Sg' x'g5. Tof] x'gfn] klg ;fwf/0f lk :s'ndf egbf a fl08ª u/]sf] lk :s'ndf km/s g} x'g5. lbnf zfso lk lg;kn Unf]an kf7zfnf, sf}zn6f/, eqmk'/ d'vo t cleefjsx n] ljbfnodf vf]hg] eg]sf] u'0f:t/ g} xf]. o;df ca a fl08ª g} h?/l t kss} klg xf]og. t/ klg clxn]sf] ;dfh rflxf a f08sf] kl5 nflu/x]sf] 5. d]/f] cfˆgf] cg'ejdf rflxf cleefjsx a f08egbf klg u'0f:t/nfo{ Wofgdf /fv]/ cfo/fvg' epsf] 5. clxn] b]lvpsf] sltko a f08]8 :s'nx df jxffx n] u'0f:t/ t kss} klg d]g6]g ul//fvg' g} epsf] xf]nf. t/ klg lk :s'ndf cleefjsx n] x]g]{ eg]sf] u'0f:t/ g} xf]. gj/fh l3ld/] ;+:yfks lgb]{zs lbjo lbk Hof]lt O{ª\ln; ;]s]g8/l :s'n ls08/ jn8{, nf]sgynl, eqmk'/ b]z rflxf clxn] lk m dfs]{6 eg]/ rln/x]sf] 5. ljbfnonfo{ sdkgldf nu]/ k;n h:tf] agfo/fv]sf 5g\. Kn; 6' ;s]sf ljbfyl{x cd]l/sf / Sofgf8f dfou ]6 eo/fv]sf 5g\. of] eg]sf] g]kfnsf] Osf]gf]dL aflx/ uo/x]sf] 5. xfdln] of] lk :s'n grnfpg] xf] eg] k};f ltg{ tof/ x'g] cleefjsx rflxf aflx/ ;~rfng epsf lk :s'nx h'g btf{ klg 5}gg\ pglx n] nlu/fv]sf lyp. clxn] xfdln] s]xl /f]sg ;s]sf 5f}F. dg6]zj/l :s'nn] Ph's]zg km/ cn egg] s'/fnfo{ cftd;ft u5{. To;sf ;fy;fy} ltg{ ;Sg] cleefjsnfo{ t /fd f] xf]. k};f dfq w]/} lng] xf] ls egg] s'/f cfof] eg] dg6]zj/l :s'nn] kss} klg u'0f:t/lo lziff lbo/x]sf 5g\. arrfx nfo{ k9]sf] cfefif g} xf'b}g / klg pglx n] k9]/ hfgg' kg]{ s'/fx hflg/x]sf] x'g5g\. of] dg6]zj/l :s'n dfkb08 ljkl/t hf kfof] TolxF vf]nbf df]lg6l/ª ug'{ kg]{ s'/f 5'6\6} xf] t/ a fl08ª ug'{ rflxf /fd f] xf]. lk :s'n vf]n]/ rflxf xfdln] /fi6«lgdf{0fdf g} 7"nf] d2t k'/\ofo/fv]sf 5f}F h:tf] dnfo{ nfu5. cghgf AofGh' sf]cl8{g]6/ XofKkL g]i6, sf}zn6f/, eqmk'/. lk :s'ndf a fl08ª epsf] /fd f] xf]. a fl08ª epsf] :s'n c? lk :s'negbf cln kk'n/ g} x'g5g\. a fl08ªn] ;lhnf] lg agfpf5. clxn] t km]l/ h'g;'s} s'/fdf klg a f08 g} vf]h5g\. of] ;]jf klg xf] clg ljhg]z klg xf]. Tolx ep/ d]/f] ljrf/df rflxf a fl08ª h?/l 5. dfs]{6df cln kk'n/ clg Osf]gf]ldsNnL ;Ifd cleefjsx sf] nflu klg a f08]8 :s'n g} h?/l x'g5. k lgzf a:g]t lk lg;kn sal s]o/ xfp;, hfjnfv]n, nlntk'/ xfd f] :s'n vf]n]sf] nueu % jif{ x'g nfuof]. a fl08ªn] ubf{ rflxf xfd f] lk :s'nsf] k f]df]zgdf /fd f] u/]sf] 5. hlt k'/fgf] x'b}f uof] Tolt g} k f]df]zg x'g] xf] lg t. ca egg kbf{ a f08n] dfq klg :s'n rnb}g. d'vo s'/f] :s'nleq s:tf] lziff lbopsf] 5 < s;/l arrfx ;Fu Jojxf/ ul//fv]sf] 5 Tof] klg x]g{ h?/l 5. dnfo{ rflxf a f08 x'g k5{ egg] lg nfu5, gxf'bf klg km/s kb}{g h:tf] nfu5. a f08 ep/ dfq km]l/ leqsf] Ph's]zg sfd} nfub}g eg] t a f08sf] s]lx dxtj g} /x]g. d]/f] egg' rflxf d'vo arrfx nfo{ lbg] Ph's]zg /fd f] x'g k/\of]. k'hf e08f/l lk lg;kn lgsn;g lsg8/ jn8{, ;[hgfgu/ eqmk'/ lk :s'ndf a fl08ª x'g' /fd f] xf]. lk :s'ndf Pp6f 6fu]{6 u 'k x'g5. :s'nn] klg Pp6f 6fu]{6 u 'knfo{ x]/]/ vf]n]sf] x'g5. ca ;a}nfo{ ;a} lrh lbg ;lsfb}g. s;}sf] xfo{ Snf; s;}sf] ldl8n Snf; s;}sf] nf] Snf; x'g5. Tof] Snf; cg';f/sf] lziff lbgsf] nflu a fl08ª x'g h?/l 5 h:tf] dnfo{ nfu5. o;n] z}lifs u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ ;xof]u u5{. lgd{nf yfkf ;+:yfks lk lg;kn h]g]l;; OG6g]zgn :s'n P08 8] s]o/ ;]G6/ :s'nx df a fl08ª ug'{ eg]sf] dnfo{ JolQmut kdf /fd f] nfub}g. t/ xfd f] ;dfhsf] a'emfo{df rflxf a f08]8 :s'n /fd f] dflgg5. cleefjsx klg a f08sf] kl5 nfu]/ To;}sf] lx;fan] :s'n /f]hg] ug'{x'g5. jxffx sf] ;f]r rflxf eljiodf gfglx nfo{ aflx/ hfg /fd f] x'g5 jf pxffx sf] cfˆgf] x]/fo{df /fd f] nfu]/ xf]nf t/ d]/f] lx;fadf a fl08ª ug'{ clg aflx/sf] gfdx lnp/ To;df :s'nx vf]ng', pglx sf] h:tf] gssn ug'{ l7s 5}g. klxnf] s'/f cleefjsn] s] s'/f a'em\g h /L 5 eg] s'g :s'ndf arrfx sf] nflu u'0f:t/lo lziff k bfg ul/g5, :s'nn] arrfx sf] nflu s] ckm/ u/]sf] 5, cfˆgf] gfglx sf] lr s'g s'/fdf 5, Tof] rfflx x]g{' k5{. cleefjs cfkm} :s'ndf up/ x]g'{ k5{. aflx/af6 x]bf{ /fd f] :s'nn] kl5 up/ cfˆgf] arrfnfo{ rflxg] u'0f:t/sf] lziff e]l6pg eg] dg lvgg epsf] h:tf] e]l6g5. Tolx ep/ a fl08ª x]g]{ xf]ogsl arrfx sf] nflu /fd f] jftfjj/0f / lziff x]g]{ xf]. ToxfF klxn] k9fo;s]sf cleefjsx ;Fu ;Nnfx lng' a'l4dfgl x'g5. a f08 x]/]/ :s'n /f]hg' unt nfu5 dnfo{ rflxf. 21

13 /fd f] ceof; /fd f] ceof; z'qmaf/ Ol;P xf]og, bfg x/]s z'qmaf/ k9foafx]ssf ultljlw ug]{ klxn]b]lvsf] rng xfdln] tf]8]sf 5f}F. xfdl z'qmaf/ cltl/qm lqmofsnfksf] ;6\6f u/lj, c;xfosf] ;xof]usf nflu ;a}af6 hlt;lsg5 Tolt ;+sng ug]{ ul//x]sf 5f}F. lzif0f ;+:yfk ltsf] w]/} cf/f]kx dwo] Ps xf], ToxfFsf lghl ljbfyl{x df ;fdflhs efjgf sd 5. s] of] cf/f]k jf:tjd} ;xl xf] < s] lghl ljbfnodf k9\g] ljbfyl{x ;ffrr} g} ;fdflhsls/0fdf kl5 k/]sf x'g\ < of] ljifodf 5nkmn ug{ ;lsg5 g}. t/, sf7df8f}+sf] c?0fhof]lt dflj, uf]s0f]{zj/ gkf j8f g+= ^ hf]/kf6ldf /x]sf] ;f] ljbfnodf uof}f / ToxfFsf] af/]df a'em\of}f eg] ;fdflhs sfd ug{df pglx lgs} g} cl3 epsf] cg'ej hf]sf]xln] ug{ ;fndf vf]lnpsf] ;f] ljbfnodf clxn] ;f9] tlg ;o ljbfyl{ /x]sf] ljbfnosf ;+:yfks 5]jfª e'l6ofn] atfp. ;f] ljbfnon] ljbfyl{nfo{ ;fdflhs agfpg tyf ;dfhdf a;]kl5 ;dfh ;]jfsf] sfddf pt;fx lbgsf nflu c? ljbfnox df h:tf] u/l cg]sf}+ sfdx, cltl/qm lqmofsnfkx ul//x]sf] klg 5. cgoqegbf km/s ceof;sf] kdf x/]s z'qmaf/sf lbg k To]s ljbfyl{af6 bfg ;+sng ug]{ u/]sf] 5. To;/L ;+slnt bfg :s'n ;~rfng jf :s'n cfkm}n] vr{ ug{sf nflu xf]og. cfkm"n] ;s]hlt c?nfo{ klg ;xof]u ug'{ k5{. xfd f] ;dfhdf xfdlegbf b'vl / ;xof]u rflxg] dflg;x w]/} 5g\ egg] ;Gb]z lbg ljbfnon] ;f] ceof; ul//x]sf] atfopsf] 5. ljbfyl{df ;dfhk ltsf] lhdd]jf/l dxz'; u/fpg klg To;/L bfg ;+sng ug]{ ul/psf] xf]. ;+slnt /sd s'g} c;xfosf] ;xfotfsf] nflu, s'g} j[4f>d, afncf>dnfo{ k bfg ug]{ u/]sf] ljbfnosf ;+:yfks e'l6ofn] atfp. lzifslzlifsf / sd{rf/l hgf /x]sf] ;f] ljbfnodf cwoog/t ljbfyl{n] dfq gep/ lzifs / sd{rf/ln] klg :jt:km"t{ kdf /sd hddf ug{] u/]sf] ljbfnosf k wfgfwofks 5'Gs' e'l6ofn] atfog\. To;sf] nlfu ljbfnod} ;f]l;on Sna agfopsf] 5. ;f] Snasf] gfd klg pglx n] :s'ns} gfdaf6 gfdfs/0f u/]sf 5g\, c?0fhof]lt ;f]l;on Sna. To;df siff ^ b]lv!) ;Ddsf ljbfyl{x ;b:o 5g\ eg] cwoifdf ljbfnosf k wfgfwofks 5g\. x/]s z'qmaf/ k9foafx]ssf ultljlw ug]{ klxn]b]lvsf] rng xfdln] tf]8]sf 5f}F. xfdl z'qmaf/ cltl/qm lqmofsnfksf] ;6\6f u/lj, c;xfosf] ;xof]usf nflu ;a}af6 hlt;lsg5 Tolt ;+sng ug]{ ul//x]sf 5f}F.Ú bfgsf] nflu olt plt /sd g} x'g'k5{ egg] s'g} ;Ldf 5}g. ljbfyl{n] cfkm\gf] OR5f / u5]cg';f/sf] bfg ug]{ u/]sf 5g\. vf;df ljbfyl{nfo{ ;fgf] pd]/b]lv g} ;xof]u ug'{k5{ egg] l;sfpg / To;sf] ceof; u/fpgsf nflu ljbfnon] of] vfnsf] ceof;nfo{ lg/gt/tf lbo/x]sf] xf]. ;fgf]b]lv g} l;sfof}f eg] ef]ln p;n] ;dfhsf] nlfu, blgb'mvlsf] nflu s]xl ug'{k5{, ;xof]u ug'{k5{ egg] l;s5. of] ;+:sf/ l;sfpg] sfd lzifssf] klg xf], ljbfnosf] klg xf].ú ljbfnosf Joj:yfks 5]jfªn] eg]. ToxL bflotj lgjf{x ug]{ sf]lz; ul/x]sf] pgl atfpf5g\. cfhsf ljbfyl{ g} ef]lnsf /fi6«xffsg] JolQm agg] epsfn] tl JolQmx nfo{ ;fg}b]lv ;dfh;]jfdf dg nufpg / ;dfh;]jfsf ljljw tl/sfdwo] Pp6f tl/sf bfg lbg' klg xf] egg] l;sfpg yflnpsf] ceof; kmnbfol klg /x]sf] pgsf] egfo 5. pgn] ljbfnoaf6 siff!) kf; u/]kl5 prr lziff tyf /f]huf/sf] qmddf b]z, ljb]zsf ljlegg 7fpFdf k'u]sf ;f]xl ljbfnosf k"j{ ljbfyl{x n] g]kfndf ljkt k/]sf] a]nfdf klg ;xof]u u/]sf] ;DemFb} eg], xfdln] ;'? u/]sf] of] ceof;s} sf/0f dxfe"sdksf] ;dodf klg ljkb\df epsfnfo{ ;xof]ul xft a9]sf] lyof].ú ljbfnon] x/]s z'qmaf/afx]s s'g}sf] ljz]if cj;/df klg bfg ;+sng ug]{ u/]sf] 5. To;/L ;+slnt ul/psf] bfgaf6 kmlk{ªsf] j'4lrq afnu[xdf /x]sf * hgf afnaflnsfsf] k9fodf ;xof]u ldln/x]sf]df cfkm"x ;Gt'i6 /x]sf] ljbfyl{x atfpf5g\. o;/l ceof; ul/psf] ;Gbe{df ljbfnosf Joj:yfks eg5g\, af]l8{ª :s'nn] ljbfyl{nfo{ ;fdflhs agfpg egg] cf/f]k nfu]sf] a]nfdf of] ceof;n] To;nfO{ yf]/}dfqfdf epklg lrg{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5. ljbfyl{nfo{ cg'zfl;t / g}ltsjfg agfpg] lbzfdf nug kfpfbf cftduf}/j cg'e"t epsf] 5.Ú 22 23

14 k9\g] / l;sg]x sf] ljz]if kj{m >Lk+rdL k To]s jif{ df3 z'sn k~rdlsf lbg >Lk~rdL kj{ ljbfsl b]jl ;/:jtlsf] k"hf cf/fwgf u/l dgfog5. Ct'x sf] /fhf j;gtsf] ;'?jft x'g] lbg epsfn] ;f] lbgnfo{ j;gt k~rdl klg elgg5. j;gt Ct' cfudgsf] pkniodf /fi6«fwoifn] j;gtk'/ uo{ j;gt >j0f ug]{ k/dk/f 5. ;ËLt, snf, ;flxto / ljbfsl vfgl ;/:jtlsf] >Lk+rdLsf] lbg ljlwk"j{s k"hf cf/fwgf u/l :tf]q kf7 u/]df k9\g cfpf5 egg] wfld{s ljzjf; 5. >Lk+rdLs} lbg ;fgf afnaflnsfnfo{ cif/f/de u/fog5. ;/:jtlnfo{ dxfljbf, dxfjf0fl, ef/tl, jfs, zf/bf, cfof{, a fxdl, sfdw]g', j]buef{, wlzj/l gfdn] ;d]t ;Daf]wg ul/g5. z'esfo{sf ;+:s[lt af}4 wdf{jndaln] klg ;/:jtlnfo{ af]lw;tj d~h'>lsf?kdf 1fgsf] k tls dfg]/ k"hfcfhf u5{g\. o; lbg laxfg} elqmk"j{s snz :yfkgf u/l k~rf]krf/n] u0f]z, ;"o{, clug, lji0f', lzj cflb b]jtfsf] k"hf u/l ;/:jtlsf] k"hf ul/g5. nflu ;fot x]g{ gkg]{ kljq lbgsf]?kdf klg >Lk+rdL jf j;gt k+rdlnfo{ lng] ul/g5. ljz]if u/l ljbfyl{, lzifs, ;flxtosf/, snfsf/, kqsf/x n] cfcfˆgf snf;fwgfsf pkfbfgx sfklsnd, jfbogq, s'rlnufotsf] >4fk"j{s k"hf ub{5g\. ljlegg ;/:jtl dlgb/x df ljbfyl{x ljbfsl b]jl ;/:jtlsf] k"hf k fy{gf ug{ nfd nfu]sf x'g5g\. :j/, ;ËLt, tfn, nosl >f]t ; /] u d k w lg ;+ b]lv g[tosnf, sfo{s'zntf, 1fgsf] e08f/, jf:t'snf, lznkl, k ljlw, xftsf] ;Lk, jf0flsf] dfw'o{, unf / snfsf] cfsif{0fsf] s]g / lg/gt/ ;fwgfaf6 ;fwo k flktdf k ]l/t ug]{ ;/:jtlsf ljlegg ;fwgf / k"hfsf ljwfg 5g\. pgsf ljlegg :j ksf lrgtg ub}{ afnaflnsf cif/de u5{g\ eg] a'l4hljlx ljz]if1tf k fkt ug]{ k of; u5{g\. jfxg /fhx+;n] b"w / kfglnfo{ ;xh} 5'6\ofpg ;s]em}f 7Ls jf a]l7ssf] ;xl klxrfgsf] 1fg, a'l4, ;+od / ljj]s k bflogl b]jl ;/:jtlsf] s[kf k ;fbaf6} dfgj dl:tissf] cyfx 1fg k of]u ub}{ cfhsf] ;+;f/ lj1fgdo ag]sf] 5 / ;j{;'ne ;'ljwf k fkt u/]sf] 5. ;+:sf/, ;Eotf / ;+:s[ltsl >f]t dxfb]jl ;/:jtl hogtlsf lbg gfs, sfg, 5]8\g]b]lv cgo pbdzlntfsf sfo{x cf/de ubf{ s'g} ;fot h'/fpg' kb}{g. ljbfyl{x 3/} a;]/ klg ;/:jtl ;fwgf u5{g\ eg] ljbfno, dxfljbfno jf cfˆgf k/fqmd :ynx df jf dlgb/ ljz]ifdf pgsf] pkf;gf ug]{ u5{g\. wft' of d"lt{df jf k ltdf of pgsf lrq cílt kmf]6f]x ;hfp/ cfˆgf] ;fwgfnfo{ lg/gt/tf lbg] ;Gbe{df ;fwsx b]jlnfo{ dgkg]{ bxl, b"w, o", dx, lrgl, g}j]bx, kmnkm"n, ld7fo{, sk'/, j:q, e]6l, rgbg, cu?, zˆ, a]n, d"nf, n ' gl/jn cflb ck{0f ug]{ u5{g\. pt;fx, nugzlntf / cys k of;nfo{ g} ;kmntfsf] k ]/s dfgg] b]jl ljbfsl vfgl g} x'g\. ;a}egbf pqd wg eg]sf] ljbf g} xf] h;sf w]/} k sf/ 5g\. h;dwo] rf/ j]b, rf/ pkj]b, ;of}f j]bfëx, lziff, snk, Jofs/0f, lg?qm, 5Gb, Hof]ltif, dldf+;f, Gofo, wd{zf:q, c7f/ k'/f0f, c7f/ pkk'/f0f, k~rdj]b, dxfef/t, cfo'j]{b, wg'j]{b, ufgwj{ j]b, :yfktoj]b -jf:t'zf:q_ / cy{zf:q k d'v 5g\. ljbf k sfz xf], cljbf cfwof/f], c1fgtfsf] kbf{ gp3f/l elqmsf] pbo ;Dej x'gg, elqmdf 1fg / j}/fuosf] Ifdtf x'g5. elqm / zlqmsf] ;Ëd ep ;+:s[lt ;+:sf/, ;Eotf / ;+:s[ltsl >f]t dxfb]jl ;/:jtl hogtlsf lbg gfs, sfg, 5]8\g]b]lv cgo pbdzlntfsf sfo{x cf/de ubf{ s'g} ;fot h'/fpg' kb}{g. ljbfyl{x 3/} a;]/ klg ;/:jtl ;fwgf u5{g\ eg] ljbfno, dxfljbfno jf cfˆgf k/fqmd :ynx df jf dlgb/ ljz]ifdf pgsf] pkf;gf ug]{ u5{g\. ljbf lj1fg agg k'u5 / o;sf] ;b'kof]u x'g5. ljbfxlg JolQm efuoaf6 klg 6f9f /xg5. g}ltstf, nhhf, Tofu, ;]jf / ;dk{0f efj g} ljbfsf uxgfx x'g\. Zj]t j:q wf/0f u/]sl, uf]/f] j0f{sl, ;bf d':s'/fo/x]sl, ;jf]{qd /Tgåf/f lgld{t cfe"if0fn] ;'zf]let epsl, rt'e{'hf epsl h;dwo] klxnf] xftdf jl0ff, bf]; f]df k':ts, t]; f]df :kml6ssf] dfnf / rf}yf] xft ceo d' fdf /x]sl /fhx+;df ;jf/ epsl b]jl ;/:jtl x'g\ egl zf:qdf atfopsf] 5. pktosfsf kz'klt hojfu]zj/l, :jode"sf] ;/:jtl:yfg, nflhdkf6sf] gln ;/:jtl, rffu', kmlk{ª, anv', xff8lufpf, n]n]sf] ;/:jtl dlgb/df k"hf Pjd\ bz{g ug]{sf] el8 nfub5. eqmk'/sf] xg'dgt] vf]nfsf] k"j{kl rf}/df ;/:jtl efjk"0f{ >4fGhnL Û :j= 8f= afa'/fd kf]v/]n a:g] ljzjf; ul/g5. Nxf;faf6 d"lt{ NofOPsf] ol ;/:jtlnfo{ gln;/:jtl elgg5. o; 7fpFdf >Lk~rdLsf] cl3nnf] lbg ;/:jtlnfo{ t]n 3:g ljbfyl{sf] el8 nfub5. af}4 wdf{jndaln] klg ;/:jtlnfo{ af]lw;tj d~h'>lsf?kdf 1fgsf] k tls dfg]/ k"hfcfhf u5{g\. o; lbg laxfg} elqmk"j{s snz :yfkgf u/l k~rf]krf/n] u0f]z, ;"o{, clug, lji0f', lzj cflb b]jtfsf] k"hf u/l ;/:jtlsf] k"hf ul/g5. ;/:jtlnfo{ ;]tf] /Ë, km"n, rgbg, cflb lk o nfug] epsfn] >Lk+rdLsf lbg k"hfdf ol ;fdu L r9fpg] ul/g5. k"hfkl5 ;/:jtlsf] Wofg / >L+ x L+ ;/:jto} :jfxfú dgq hk ul/g5. of] dgqnfo{ ljbf, a'l4 / ;f}efuo k bfos dflgg5. o;kl5 ;/:jtl sjr kf7 ul/g5. lghl tyf cfjf;lo ljbfno cu{gfoh]zg g]kfn -KofA;g_sf ;+:yfks ;b:o, k"j{ s]gb Lo cwoif, jt{dfg jl/i7 ;Nnfxsf/, g]kfnl lziffsf Ps P]ltxfl;s w/f]x/, dfgglo e"tk"j{ ;ef;b, le=p;=lgs]tgsf ;+:yfks 8f= afa'/fd kf]v/]nsf] c;fdlos csnkglo lgwgn] ctogt} ddf{xt / :taw agfpsf] 5. o; b'mvb 38Ldf lbj+ut cftdfsf] lr/zflgtsf] sfdgf;lxt efjk"0f{ >4fGhnL JoQm ub{5f}f. g'jful kl/jf/ 24 25

15 eqmk'/,!& k';. ef/tsf] k lz4 wfld{s:yn xl/åf/df ;DkGg %& cf}+ blif0f PlzofnL Plss[t jfne]nfdf ;xeful epsf Pe/]:6 O+uln; :s'nsf ljbfyl{n] ^ j6f kbs ;lxt 6«lkm lht]sf 5g\. blif0f PlzofnL jfn d~rsf] cfof]hgfdf epsf]!) lbg] ;f] afne]nfdf Pe/]:6 O+uln; :s'nsf ;o'z cdfto, cf:yf b'jfn, k zfgt hf]zl, dfglif yklnof, k ljg e08f/l / n'h lznksf/n] kbs lht]sf lyp. o;}ul/ Pe/]:6 :s'nsf] 5fqf ;d"x klxnf] ep/ 6«lkm lht]/ kms]{sf] Pe/]:6 O+uln; :s'nsf 6f]nL g]tf Pjd\ :sfp6 lzifs kjgs'df/ annn] atfp. kbs lhtg] ^ ljbfyl{sf ;fy} cfo'iff /fhnj6, /f]hdf vf]6]hf, kln:yf ah frfo{, :g]xf l3l;+u, lgxfl/sf dxh{g / z'e>l Tjfogfsf;fydf 26 ;dfrf/ Pe/]:6nfO{ dfq} cfwfbh{g kbs lziffdgqln] ;f]w], ljbfnosf] gs;f lsg kf; epg < &@ a}zfvsf] ljgfzsf/l e"sdksf sf/0f Iflt k'u]sf] >Lkß dfljsf] ljbfno ejg agfpg] sfd eqmk'/ gu/kflnsfn] gs;f kf; gul/lbfbf /f]lspsf] egb} pkk wfg Pj+ lziffdgql uf]kfndfg >]i7n] gu/kflnsfsf d]o/ ;'lgn k hfkltnfo{ k Zg ;f]w]sf 5g\. >Lkß dfljsf] jflif{sf]t;jsf] cj;/df cfof]lht sfo{qmddf cfpsf lziffdgql >]i7n] P]ltxfl;s >Lkßsf] ejg agfpg ljlegg bft[ lgsfox tof/ x'fbf rff8} ljbfnosf] gszf kf; ul/lbg :yfglo hgk ltlglwnfo{ eg]sf 5g\. sfo{qmddf pgn] :yfglo txdf cfpsf] lziffsf] clwsf/;fu} ufpfkflnsf / gu/kflnsfnfo{ ljbfnosf] :t/f]gglt ug{ r'gf}lt ylkpsf] rrf{ ub}{ :yfglo txdf eqmk'/. eqmk'/ nf]sgynlsf] lbjo lbk Hof]lt O{=;]= :s'nsf t]sjfgbf] v]ndf ;xeful $) hgf ljbfyl{sf] u ]l8ª ;DkGg epsf] 5. g]kfn t]sjfgbf] ;+3 lhnnf eqmk'/ zfvfsf cwoif OGb dfg lrqsf/sf] cwoiftfdf ut k';!! ut] t]sjfgbf] v]ndf ;xeful $) hgf ljbfylx sf] k lzifs lbksaxfb'/ lzifsåo >L/fd c5fdl / ;l/tf >]i7 klg ;f] afne]nfdf ;xeful lyp. g]kfn / ef/tsf %$ hgf jfnjflnsfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] ;f] e]nfdf Pe/]:6 O=uln; :s'nsf ljbfyl{n] lwd] g[to / gd:t] Jofofd k :t't u/]sf] atfpsf 5g\. cfpsf] lziffnfo{ dha't agfpg ;/f]sf/jfnfx alr ;dgjosf] vffrf] /x]sf]df hf]8 lbp. pgn] g]kfnsf] lziff ljsf;sf] nflu prr:t/lo lziff cfof]u u7g u/]sf] / To;dfkm{t\ z}lifs ;'wf/sf nflu ;'emfj ;+sng ul//x]sf] atfpfb} cfof]uaf6 cfpsf ;'emfjsf cfwf/df lziffdf ;'wf/sf] vfsf agg] atfp. ;f]xl cj;/df ljbfnon] cfof]hgf u/]sf] eqmk'/ lhnnfjofkl elnan k ltof]lutfsf ljhol 6LdnfO{ gub;lxt k df0f kq, d]8n $) ljbfyl{sf] u ]l8ª /f0ffn] u ]l8ª u/]sf x'g\. ljbfyl{x sf] snf, s'zntfsf] cfwf/df Yellow, 1/2 Green h:tf Belt x k bfg ul/psf] ljbfnosf ;:+yfks lk lg;kn ;]dgt/fh ;'j]bln] atfp. hgfnfo{ PNnf], rf/ hgfnfo{ xfkm An', $ hgfnfo{ km"n u hgfnfo{ km'n An' / $ hgfnfo{ xfkm u Lg a]n6 lbopsf] lyof]. g]kfn, ef/t, a+unfb]z / e'6fgnufotsf d'n'sdf x/]sjif{ cfof]hgf x'fb} cfpsf] ;f] jfne]nf g]kfndf klg # k6s eo{;s]sf] 5. Pe/]:6sf ljbfyl{ ljut!& jif{b]lv ;f] jfnd~rsf] sfo{qmddf efu lnfb} cfpsf 5g\. / lzn8 k bfg u/]sf lyp. sfo{qmddf ljbfnosf] ljlegg sfo{qmddf ljhol epsf tyf dfwolds lziff k/liffdf pts[i6 ljbfyl{x nfo{ ljlegg 5fqj[lQ ljt/0f ul/psf] ljbfnosf k frfo{ /fd xf8fn] atfp. eqmk'/,!! k';. eqmk'/sf] dwok'/ l7dll:yt ljgfos lziff lgs]tg OËln; ;]s]g8/l :s'ndf k"j{ k fylds txdf cwoog/t ljbfyl{x n] vfhf dxf]t;j u/]sf 5g\. k ltof]lutftds ;f] dxf]t;jdf ljbfyl{x n] 3/af6 ljlegg kl/sf/sf vfhfx NofO{ k bz{g u/]sf lyp. ljhol ljbfyl{ tyf cleefjsx nfo{ ljbfnosf lk lg;kn ;'/]G ljqmd k hfkltn] k'/:s/ tyf ;Ddfg kq k bfg u/]sf lyp. pqm sfo{qmddf jif{el/ 3/af6} tof/ u/l vfhf Nofpg] ljbfyl{sf eqmk'/. dwok'/ lydll:yt rf0fso Joj:yfkg SofDk;sL ljbfyl{ ;lghnf hf]zl of] jif{sf] Ifqaxfb'/ kbsaf6 lje"lift epsl 5g\. lqe"jg ljzjljbfnon] Joj:yfkg ;ª\sfo cgtu{t :gfts tx -lalap;_ k/liffsf ;Dk"0f{ txdf b]zel/s} ;Dk"0f{ SofDk;x dwo]af6 ;jf]{s[i6 cª\s Nofpg] ljbfyl{nfo{ lbfb} cfpsf] ;f] kbsaf6 rf0fsosl hf]zl lje"lift epsf] ljbfnon] hgfpsf] 5. 5fqf hf]zlnfo{ k';!^ ut] ;DkGg lqe'jg ljzjljbfnosf]] $# cf}f bliffgt ;df/f]xdf g]kfn a+}s lnld6]8sf ;dfrf/ ljbfnod} rf}/f;l Jo~hg cleefjsx nfo{ klg ;Ddfg tyf k'/:sf/ k bfg ul/psf] lyof]. sfo{qmddf lk lg;kn k hfkltn] :j:y vfhfn] afnjflnsfsf] zfl/l/s tyf dfgl;s ljsf;df ;xof]u ug]{ / cleefjsju{nfo{ ahfl/of vfgf gv'jfpg rf0fsosf hf]zlnfo{ Ifqaxfb'/ kbs Ifqaxfb'/ kbsaf6 lje"lift ul/psf] lyof]. 5fqf hf]zln] &# bzdna!^ k ltzt c+s / 3/d} :jyos/ vfhf tof/ ul/lbg cfu x u/]sf lyp. z'niof eog\ lnl6n ˆnfj;{ df:6/ P08 ld; lnl6n nlntk'/sf] z+vd'nl:yt lnl6n ˆnfj;{ klans :s"nn] u/]sf] df:6/ P08 ld; lnl6n k ltof]lutfdf z'niof dxh{g lnl6n ˆnfj;{ df:6/ P08 ld;sf] 6fO6n lhtg ;kmn epsl 5g\. ;f] ljbfnodf cwoog/t ljbfyl{x af6 r'g]/ hgf ljbfyl{alr ul/psf] ;f] sfo{qmddf k mi6 /g/cksf] pkflw k zfgt zdf{n] kfp. ljbfyl{df n's]sf] k ltef k :km'6g Pjd\ z}lifs, ;fdflhs, zfl//ls / ;+j]uftds ljsf; u/l ;jf{ël0f ljsf; u/fo{ ljbfyl{x sf ;Lk / 1fgnfO{ Jojxfl/stfdf k of]u ug{ ;Ifd / ;an ljbfyl{ lgdf{0f ug]{ p2]zo;lxt cfof]hgf ul/psf] pqm k ltof]lutfdf ;]s]08 /g/ ckdf l/lt;f v8\ul eog\. To:t} k ltof]lutfsf] ljlegg :kwf{cgtu{t a]:6 x]o/ sg6]:6]g6df c+lstf zfso, a]:6 k;{hgfln6l Go";g vjf;, a]:6 jfs sg6]:6]g6df phg/fh ah frfo{, a]:6 8]«; sg6]:6]g6df ;]ljsf k"jf{5]+, a]:6 n's; sg6]:6]g6df k ltiff /fo{, a]:6 l:sg sg6]:6]g6 clgef/tg ah frfo{, a]:6 kmf]6f]h]lgs sg6]:6]g6df ;f]lgof dxh{g, a]:6 l8l;kn]gdf zf]egf b]pnf, a]:6 :dfon sg6]:6]g6df zflgt nfdf, df]:6 6\ofn]G6 sg6]:6]g6df z'niof dxh{g, klans RjfO; sg6]:6]g6df PlG8«s b]pnf epsf] ljbfnosf cwoif nid0f dxh{gn] atfp. xfl;n u/]sl lyog\. pgl ;f] SofDk;df Kn;6'b]lv cwoog/t ljbfyl{ x'g\. 27

16 sfe ] lziffljb\ tyf lziffsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx n] k f/ldes afnljsf;df nufgl ug{'kg]{df hf]8 lbpsf 5g\. k f/ldes afnljsf; s]g sf] u'0f:t/ clej[l4 Pj+ bluf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu :yfglo txsf] e"lssf ljifodf gfª\zfn Pzf]l;P;g g]kfnn] sfe ]sf] w'lnv]ndf cfof]hgf u/]sf] cgt/lqmofdf lziffljb\ k f=8f= ljbfgfy sf]o/fnf, afnljsf; ljz]if1 dw' /fhe08f/l, ljlegg :yfglo lgsfosf hgk ltgllw / lziff;fu ;DalGwt JolQmx n] jfnljsf;-o;l8l_ df nufgl a9fpg'kg]{df hf]8 lbpsf x'g\. cgt/lqmofdf ;xefulx dfem clejolqm o:tf] lyof], ;8s, wf/f, aqlsf] s'/f w]/} ef], afnaflnsfsf] eljio agfpg l9nf ef].ú lziffljb\ 8f=ljBfgfy sf]o/fnfn] lhnnf lziff sfof{no / If]qLo lziff lgb]{zgfno DofbL epsf]n] tl ;+:yfx af6 lziffsf sfd gx'g] atfp. pgn] casf] lziffsf] ;a} lhdd]jf/l :yfglo txn] g} lng'kg]{ atfp. pgn] eg], ;+ljwfgn] :yfglo j6f clwsf/ lbpsf] 5, ;f] clwsf/ :yfglo txcgtu{t gu/kflnsfsf d]o/, pkd]o/, ufpfkflnsfsf j8fwoif, pkfwoif / hgk ltgllwn] lng'k5{, lhlzsf / If]lzlgaf6 x'gg, ltglx DofbL dfq x'g\.ú pgn] ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{gjog;fu} k'/fgf] Joj:yfc'g'?ksf lziff;fu ;DalGwt lgsfox n] cfˆgf] lhdd]jf/l glng] epsf]n] lziffnfo{ lhdd]jf/ agfpg] bflotj klg :yfglo txs} epsfn] ;f] lhdd]jf/lnfo{ hgk ltgllwx n] axg ug{'kg]{ atfp. pgn] lziffsf] hu g} k f/ldes afnljsf; s]g epsf]n] ;f] s]g nfo{ u'0f:t/lo agfpg'kg]{df hf]8 lbp. lgjf{rgaf6 r'lgp/ cfpsf hgk ltgllwx n] cfˆgf] If]qdf /x]sf afnaflnsfnfo{ lziffsf] bfo/fleq Nofpg'kg]{, afnljsf; s]g x sf] :t/ls/0f ug{'kg]{, lziffdf nufgl a9fp/ u'0f:t/lo lziffsf] k Tofe"lt lbg'kg]{df pgsf] hf]8 lyof]. pgn] kl5nnf] ;dodf ;/sf/ ;+3Lo lziff P]g ;dfrf/ ;8s, wf/f, aqlsf] s'/f w]/} ef] afnaflnsfsf] eljio agfpg l9nf ef] ÛÚ lgdf{0fdf nfu]sf] hfgsf/l lbfb} km]l/psf] Joj:yfcg';f/ lziff dgqfno / ;+3Lo dfldnf dgqfnon] P]g lgdf{0fdf l9nfo u/]sf] sf/0f z}lifs cgof]nsf] cj:yf ljbdfg x'fbf hgk ltlglwx cndndf k/]sf] rrf{ u/]. ;f]xl sfo{qmddf k f/ldes afnljsf; ljz]if1 Pj+ ;]tf] u'/ff;sf k"j{ lgb]{zs Pj+ s]g Lo sfo{sfl/0fl ;b:o dw' /fhe08f/ln] k f/ldes afnljsf;df nufgl u/]/} lziffdf kl/jt{g Nofpg ;Sg] ljlegg cg';gwfgx af6 k'li6 epsf] hgfog\. pgn] k f/ldes jfnljsf;sf] nflu nufgl a9fpg'sf] ljsnk gepsf] atfpfb} :yfglo txdf r'lgp/ cfpsf hgk ltgllwx n] afnljsf; s]g nfo{ bluf] / dh'at agfpg cfu x ul/g\. sfe ] lhnnfdf /x]sf!# j6f :yfglo txsf hgk ltgllwx nfo{ k f/ldes afnljsf;sf] gllt, sfo{qmd agfpg ;xof]u k'of{pg] p2]zon] gfª\zfnn] u/]sf] ;f] sfo{qmddf kffrvfn gu/kflnsf, gdf]j'4 gu/kflnsf, kgf}lt gu/kflnsf, ag]kf gu/kflnsf, w'lnv]n gu/kflnsf, ltdfn ufpfkflnsf, a]yfgrf]s ufpfkflnsf, rf}/l b]p/fnl ufpfkflnsf, e'dn'ª ufpfkflnsf, vfglvf]nf ufpfkflnsf, dxfef/t ufpfkflnsf, /f]zl ufpfkflnsf tyf sfe ] lhnnf ;dgjo ;ldltsf kbflwsf/lx, ljlegg ljbfnosf lzifs, ljbfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf kbflwsf/lx sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof]. cgt/lqmofdf k fwofks ef]nf s];l, kgf}lt gu/kflnsfsf d]o/ eld Gof}kfg], rf}+/l b]p/fnl ufpfkflnsfsf cwoif lbgfgfy uf}td, a]yfgrf]s ufpfkflnsf cwoif k ]d ltdln;gf, ltdfn ufpfkflnsfsf cwoif ;nfd l;+xnufotn] k f/ldes afnljsf;sf] :t/f]ggltsf] nflu agfpsf of]hgfx af/]df hfgsf/l lbpsf lyp. sfo{qmddf cfof]hs Pzf]l;P;gsf u'0f/fh df]qmfg, ;]e b lrn8]«gsf kl/of]hgf clws[t s0f{ b/}, 5lj rf}nfufof, Pzf]l;P;gsf cwoif lbg]z nfdfnufotn] klg cfcfkm\gf] wf/0ff /fv]sf lyp. g'jful ldl8of k f=ln= ;Nnf3f/L, eqmk'/!&, kmf]g g+= )! ^^!@^$),^^!(#($ df]= (*%!@!()(* 28 29

17 jif{ cufl8b]lv g]kfnsf] lziff If]qdf cgj/t kdf /fli6«o lziffnfo{ dha't ub}{ cfpsf] sf}zn6f/, eqmk'/df cjl:yt o; cfbz{ hgk ]dl cª\u ]hl dfwolds ljbfnon] :yfglonufot b]zsf ;a} lhnnfaf6 cfpsf ;a} ju{, ;d'bfosf ljbfyl{x nfo{ u'0f:t/lo lziff k bfg ub}{ cfpsf] 5. k"0f{ ef}lts ;'ljwf;lxt z}lifs cfjzoslo s'/fx sf] oy]i6 pknawtfn] hgk ]dlnfo{ o; If]qs} pts[i6 ljbfnosf] kdf :yflkt u/fpsf] 5. hgk ]dln] Play Group b]lv :gfts tx;dd cwoog ug]{ ljbfyl{x sf nflu pkof]ul x'g] df}lns Pjd\ k of]uftds lziff k bfg ugf{sf ;fy} pglx sf] ;du z}lifs, zf/ll/s Pjd\ dfgl;s cj:yfnfo{ ;d]t cg's"n x'g] u/l /fli6«o kf7\oj mdnfo{ cjndag ub}{ cem kl/is[t ksf] ljbfno :t/lo yk kf7\oj md lgwf{/0f ub}{ cfpsf] 5. ljbfnosf] lziffsf] Pp6f dxtjk"0f{ v'8\lsnfsf] kdf /x]sf] P;=O{= O{= k/liffdf ;d]t ljbfnon] /fli6«o :t/sf] ;kmntf k fkt ub}{ ;du ljbfyl{x sf] prr lziffdf /x]sf r'gf}tlx nfo{ cj;/sf] kdf :yflkt agfolbpsf] 5. ctogt ;f}xfb{k"0f{ jftfj/0fdf cwofkg x'g] o; ;fnsf] dxfe"sdkkl5 ctogt ;'/lift ejgdf Happy Nest sf] gfdaf6 lk k fod/lsf siffx df goff k4ltaf6 cwofkg x'fb} cfpsf] ;xif{ hfgsf/l u/fpfb5f}f. o; ljlwdf PsLs[t v]n ljlwdfkm{t -dg6]:j/l / v]n ljlw_ l;sg] k 0ffnLsf] ljsf; ub{5 eg] kf7\ok':tssf s'/fx dfq geo{ b}lgs hljgdf ug'{kg]{ dfgjlo lqmofsnfkx k lt klg pglx sf] pt;fx tyf?lr hufpf5. o; lzif0f k 0ffnLn] ljbfyl{x sf] ;jf{ª\ul0f afn r]tgfsf] j[ltt ljsf; u/fpfb5. nfdf] ;dob]lv o; If]qsf] cg';gwfg cwoogaf6 of] ljlw g} pko'st 5 egg] 7x/ u/l o;} ljlwnfo{ o; ljbfnon] klg Happy Nest df cjndag u/]sf] 5. lziff k of]uftds x'g'k5{. cftdfg'ej / k/fg'ejsf] dfwodaf6 1fgdf ljlzi6tf, k f}9tf / kl/isf/ cfpf5. cem afn pd]/df l;s]sf 1fg bl3{hljl, lr/:yfol / clj:d/0flo x'g5 h;n] afnaflnsfsf] eljio lgdf{0fdf dxtjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ub{5. o; jif{;dd kf/dkl/s tj/n] dfq gep/ ljbfyl{x nfo{ 1fgsf] km/flsnf] liflth;fu ljlegg lzif0f kb\wlt -cfudgftds ;kmntfsf] uf]/]6f]df x]kkl g]:6 tyf lgudgftds ljlw_ dfkm{t ;fifftsf/ u/fpfb} cfpsf] 5. o;} j mddf ljbfnon] nfdf] cwoog, cgj]if0f / cg';gwfg u/l ;fgf] pd]/df g} pd]/ cg';f/sf] ljlzi6 1fg l;sfpg] pb\b]zon] PsLs[t v]n ljlw Pjd\ k of]u ljlw dfkm{t cwofkg u/fpg] nio ;fnb]lv lk k fod/l txsf nflu Happy NestÚ sf] ;~rfng epsf] 5. Happy Nest df pd]/ cg';f/sf] l;sfo k4ltaf6 cwofkg u/fog5. afn dgf]lj1fgdf ljz]if hf]8 lbo{ afnaflnsfx sf] l;sg] Ifdtfdf clej[l4 ub}{ v]n ljlwdfkm{t k of]uftds 1fg lbog5. PsLs[t v]n ljlwdfkm{t ;fgf afnaflnsfx df pt;'stf clej[l4 ub}{ cfkm}f l;sg'k5{ egg] cftdansf] efjgf ljsf; x'g5. cfk"mn] b}lgs l;s]sf r]tgfd"ns 1fgnfO{ pglx n] k of]uftds kdf k :t't ug]{5g\. afnaflnsfsf] dgleq /x]sf] ;'if'kt r]tgfnfo{ k s6 u/fpfb5. ol ljz]iftfx sf] sf/0f PsLs[t v]n ljlw Pjd\ k of]u ljlw afnaflnsfnfo{ lgel{s, pt;'s / ;Ifd agfpg ;xof]ul;4 epsf] 5. t;y{ Happy Nest df oxl ljlwsf dfwodåf/f ;ff3'l/fb} upsf] ljzj;fu eljiodf k lt:kwf{ ug{ ;Sg] hgzlst tof/ ug]{tkm{ k of; ul/g]5. sltko dg6]:j/l ljlwaf6 cwoog ug]{ afnaflnsfsf] dflynnf] tx;fusf] kf7\oj mddf Pjd\ ljlw;fu ;dfof]hg gx'fbf z}lifs Joj:Yffkgdf gsf/ftds c;/ kg]{ x'gfn] o;tkm{ hgk ]dl kl/jf/ ;r]t 5. o;y{ PsLs[t v]n ljlw dfkm{t cwofkg x'g] o; Happy Nest df o;sf] kf7\oj mdnfo{ dflynnf] tx;fu ;dfof]hg u/fopsf]] 5. hgk ]dl cgtu{t /x]sf] o; lk k fod/l txsf] Happy Nest df ;fgf afnaflnsfx sf] z}lifs pts[i6tfnfo{ s]gb ljgb'df /fv]/ cwofkg u/fopsf] 5 ;fy} ljbfyl{sf] ;du ljsf;df hf]8 lbopsf] 5. pts[i6 z}lifs jftfj/0fsf ;fy;fy} o; Happy Nest df k];fut kdf ;DalGwt If]qdf kf/ª\ut JolStTjx af6 ;ª\uLt, g[to Pjd\ snf lzif0f u/fog5. afnaflnsfx sf nflu :j:y vfhf, vfgf ;j{;'ne z'nsdf ljbfnodf g} pknaw u/fog5. clgjfo{ cª\u ]hl dfwodaf6 cwoog cwofkg u/fopsf] 5. cg'zf;g Pjd\ rfl/lqs ;'wf/sf ;fy} ;fdflhs d"no dfgotfx k ltsf] 1fg lbog5. cftdlge{/ tyf :JffjnDaL agg k ]l/t ul/psf] 5. of]uo / dg6]:j/l tflnd k fkt lzlifsfx af6 cwofkg u/fopsf] 5. k ]/0ffTds, Playway method, Demonstration Method, ddtfdo jftfj/0f, ;jf{ª\ul0f ljsf;, Visiual Method, k of]uftds ljlw. Jofjxfl/s lziffdf hf]8 lbp/ g]kfnsf] z}lifs If]qdf kl/jt{gsf nflu Pp6f xft ykg] p2]zosf ;fy ;fndf sf7df8f}+sf] cgfdgu/df :yfkgf epsf] l;6l dg6]zj/ln] afnaflnsfnfo{ u'0f:t/lo lziff lbfb} cfpsf] 5. l;6l dg6]zj/lsf # j6f ejgx 5g\. x/]s siffdf l;l;l6el h8fg ul/psf 5g\. uf8lsf] Joj:yf klg 5 eg] afnaflnsfnfo{ b}lgs # k6s :j:ys/ vfgf v'jfog5. o; dg6]zj/ldf!^) hgf afnaflnsfx cwoog/t 5g\. Pp6f siffdf! hgf tflnd k fkt lzifs /! hgf ;xof]ulsf] ;fydf!@ hgf ljbfyl{ /fv]/ k9fo ul/g5. afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{ël0f ljsf;sf] p2]zon] b}lgs cfp68f]/ / OG8f]/ siff u/fog5. h:t} 6]jn u]d, gf6s, g[to, ;+ult, ufog, sg{/ u]d, dg6]zj/l Nofa, leh'on siffsf ;fy} b}lgs Pp6f cf]/n siff. afnofj:yfdf o;/l dl:tis lqmofzln u/fpg] ceof; u/fpfbf afnaflnsfdf ;lx afnljsf; x'g], ljifoj:t'sf] af/]df hfgsf/ x'g], kfnf] kv{g], ;d:ofdf ;dfwfg ug{ vf]hg], lgodsf] kfngf ug]{, g]t[tjsf] ljsf; x'g] tyf lhdd]jf/ gful/s agg k ]l/t x'g5g\ú lk lg;kn k'ikf l/hfn atfpfl5g\. l;6l dg6]zj/ldf lydcg';f/ k9fo u/fog5. lyddf k9fo u/fpfbf Jofjxfl/s lziffdf k lta4m l;6l dg6]zj/l afnaflnsfnfo{ Pp6} ljifoj:t'nfo{ ljlegg dfwod ckgfp/ siff u/fog5. h:t} ;DalGwt >f]td} nu]/ b]vfpfb} k9fpg], siff sf]7fd} ;fdu L NofP/ a'emfpg], l6el sf]7fdf /fv]/ d'le siff u/fpg], zab cyjf lrq agfp/ To;s} v]n v]nfpg], afnaflnsfn] a'em]sf s'/f kfn} kfnf] lzifsnfo{ ;'gfpg] cflb. h:t} af]6 -Plant_ sf] kf7 k9fpfbf c;f/df wfg /f]kfpg], vfgf -Food_ lyddf d+l;/df wfg s6fpg], wfg emfg{ l;sfpg] / To;af6 rfdn agfpg nufo{ vfg ksfpg l;sfpg]. To;}u/L t/sf/l kmnkm"nsf siff ubf{ s/];faf/ldf j[iff/f]kg u/fpg], uf]8d]n u/fpg], kfgl xfng nufpg] / kmn]kl5 l6k]/ ksfpsf] b]vfpfb} :jfb rvfpg] vfnsf s[ofsnfksf ;fydf Jofjxfl/s lziffdf Wofg lbfb} k9fog5. ;Dks{sf nflu cgfdgu/, sf7df8f}+ kmf]g M )! $&&!)@) $&&!)#&

18 l/kf]6{ l/kf]6{ prr:t/lo lziff cfof]usf] k ltj]bgn] NofPsf] t/+u lghl ljbfno ;~rfnsx dfly rf}tkml{ cfqmd0f x' Fbf ljbfnodf cft+s km}lnpsf] atfpfb} ;f] cft+ssf] cgtodf hf]8 lbp. ;f]xl ljifonfo{ lnp/!( k';df lghl tyf cfjf;lo cu{gfoh]zg g]kfn-kofa;g_ tyf lghl tyf cfjf;lo Pzf]l;P;g g]kfn-pgkofa;g_n] sf7df8f} +df ;+o'qm kdf kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/]/ lziff ;'wf/sf] gfddf lghl ljbfnodfly rf}tkml{ cfqmd0f ul/psf]df lggbf u/]. sf7df8f}+. ut k'; $ ut] prr :t/lo lziff n] lziffdgql uf]kfndfg >]i7nfo{ a'emfpsf] lghl ljbfnoaf/] kffrj6f ljsnkn] lghl tyf ;+:yfut ljbfnox df t/+u km]lnpsf] 5. ;f] ;DaGwdf clxn] klg j[xt z}lifs ax; hf/l 5. cfof]un] k :t't u/]sf] k ltj]bgdf z'ns lgwf{/0f, gs;f+sg tyf hf]lgª ub}{ ltgnfo{ lgodg ug{', lghl ljbfno agb ug{', clxn] g} siff Psaf6} ljbfyl{ egf{ gu/]/ cfufdl!@ jif{df ljbfno txdf lghl nufgl g} agb ug{', lzifs, k fwofks, sd{rf/l, ;]gf, k x/lh:tf ;/sf/l 9's'6Laf6 tna tyf eqf vfg] tyf ljbfno Joj:yfksh:tf ljbfnok ]dlsf ;GtltnfO{ lghl ljbfnodf k9\g glbg', lghl nufglsf ljbfnodf afnaflnsf k9fpg] cleefjsnfo{ cltl/qm s/ nufpg' /x]sf 5g\. ;f] ;Gbe{df eqmk'/df k';!% ut] lghl tyf ;+:yfut ljbfnosf] casf] af6f]ú ljifodf rffu'gf/fo0f gu/kflnsfsf gu/ k d'v ;f]d ld>, ;"o{ljgfos gu/kflnsfsf gu/ pkk d'v h'gf a:g]tsf] pkl:yltdf ax; eof]. sfo{qmddf ;xeful ;/f]sf/jfnfx n] lghl ljbfnonfo{ lgodg ug]{ u/l ;'emfj lbpsf lziffljb\x nfo{ slyt lziffljb\sf] ;+1f lbfb} ;+ljwfg / df}lns xsnfo{ s'l07t ug]{ u/l ;'emfj lbg' pko'qm gepsf] atfpsf lyp. clwjqmf /fwfs[i0f e08f/ln] k f8fx klg /fhgllts kn] ljeqm x'fbf lghl ljbfno ;~rfnsx df cf3ft k'u]sf] atfp. pgn] ;+ljwfgd} klg lghl KofA;g Pg KofA;g ;+o'qm kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ;'jf; Gof}kfg], PgKofA;g dxf;lrj oxff s]xl k fwofks 8fS6/x n] ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;fu s]xl ;Nnfx, ;'emfj glnp/ ;'emfj k ltj]bgsf] gfddf lghl :s'nnfo{ lgld6\ofgg} ug]{ lx;fan] h'g lsl;dn] pxffx n] k :t't ug'{epsf] 5. pxffx sf] of] s:tf] OZof{ / pxffx sf] s'g lsl;dsf] dfgl;stf xf] < / pxffx sf] s'g lsl;dsf k f8f < xfdlnfo{ ;f]rg afwo agfpsf] 5. of] lsl;dsf] k ltj]bgn] Pp6f xnrn NofPsf] 5. d s] egg rfxg5' eg], of] krf; jif{sf] cjlwdf xfdln] lziffdf s] of]ubfg uof}{f / ljz'4 lghl nufgldf xfdln] cfkm\gf] hfoh]yf a]r]/ o;sf] kl/0ffd s:tf] lgl:s/x]sf] 5 Tof] ljifodf ;a} kifn] a'em\g'k5{. lziff b]z ljsf;sf] cfwf/:tde xf]. of] ljifodf xr'jfsf e/df s'g} klg s'/f cfpg' ;fgble{s xf]og. xfdlnfo{ kbf{ nufp/, xfdlnfo{ aflx/ /fv]/ h'g lsl;dn] k ltj]bg cfpsf] 5, o;sf] 3f]/ et;gf{ ub{5f}f. /fh]gb aflgoff, dxf;lrj, KofA;g ;/f]sf/jfnf;fu Psk6s klg 5nkmn ;fnb]lv lziff;dagwl ljlegg l/kf]6{sf] cfwf/df xfdln] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf va/x sf cfwf/df, ;dfhdf ;'lgpsf, elgpsf ljifox sf cfwf/df h;/l xfd f ljifox nfo{ dgu9gt] z}nldf b:tfj]h agfpg] s'/f Pp6f pkgof; s'/f x}g, lgagw n]vg] s'/f xf]og. Pp6f b]zsf] lziff rnfpg] eg]sf] s;}n] a'l4ljnf; ug]{ s'/f xf]og. t/ h'g k sf/sf] lziffdfly v]njf8 ug]{ k otg epsf] 5, To;df xfdl c;fwo} lrlgtt 5f}F. lziffnfo{ ;+ljwfgtm cl3 a9fpg'k5{. lziffnfo{ ;+ljwfgn] h'g dfu{bz{g u/]sf] 5, h'g af6f]af6 ca d'n's cl3 a9fpg] s'/f 5, xfdl slxf klg afws agb}gf}f, xfdl ;xfosl;4 x'g5f}f. xfdl xfd f tkm{af6 lj1tf k of]u u5f}{f egbfegb} h'g Psf+sL kdf cfpsf] 5, o;k lt xfdl a]n}df af]ng'k5{ eg]/ xfdl af]ln/x]sf 5f}F. Ct'/fh ;fksf]6f, cwoif PgKofA;g cem} klg kffr k ltzt afnaflnsf :s'nsf] kx'fregbf aflx/ 5g\. o;/l ljbfno aflx/ /x]sf afnaflnsf ;a}nfo{ ljbfnodf Nofpg g;sg] xf] eg] ;a}sf] nflu lziff cleofg s;/l ;fy{s xf]nf < To; ljifodf xfdl klg lrlgtt 5f}F. tl s'/fx cfpsf 5}gg\. lans'n} cleefjs / ljbfnosf] alrdf x'g] cfk;l ;dembf/lsf] kdf /fd f] rln/x]sf] ljbfnonfo{ k xf/ ug{ vf]lhpsf] 5. jf:tjdf ;a}nfo{ lziff lbg] cleofgdf lghl ljbfnox s;/l afws ag] < To;sf] s'g} k'li6 ul/psf] 5}g. lghl ljbfnon] a f]on/ agfp eg]/ eg]sf] 5, u'0f:t/lo lziffsf] s'/f ub}{ ubf{ u'0f:t/ eg]sf] s] xf] < ;df];f xf] ls ddrf xf] < lj1x n] atfpg'kof]{. xfdln] hfg]sf] u'0f:t/df xfdln] xfd f afnaflnsfx nfo{ prr:t/sf] u'0f:t/ lbpsf 5f}F. t/ k'u]sf] 5}g. lsgeg] u'0f:t/sf] s'g} ;Ldf x'fb}g. xfdln] /fd f] u/]kl5 w]/}sf] cfsif{0fsf] ynf] lghl ljbfno ag]s} xf]. Tof] s'/f ;a}nfo{ yfxf 5. x'g]vfg]n] dfq gep/ x'fbf vfg]n] klg lghl ljbfno k9fpsf] l:ylt 5, ;/sf/l ljbfno vfnl epsf] cj:yf klg 5. Tof] l:yltdf ;a}lt/ gepsf] l:ylt g]kfndf 5 egb}df ;a}lt/ gepsf] t ;u/dfyf klg 5. s] To;sf] prfo 36fpg] < To;sf] ;Ddfg ug]{ ls xfo6 sd u/fpg] < o;y{df /fd f ceof;x nfo{ k f]t;flxt ug'kg]{ s'/fx st}lt/af6 klg cfpsf 5}gg\. ultf /f0ff, k"j{ ;f+;b, Pj+ PgKofA;g k"j{ cwoif ;+ljwfgn] k i6;fu s] eg]sf] 5 eg] /fhosf] bflotj eg]sf] cfwf/ e"t lziff dfq xf]. /fhon] bflotj lng] eg]sf] cfwf/e"t lziff dfq xf]. Tof]eGbf dflysf] bflotj s;n] lng] t < oxff t ;fdflhs Gofosf] klg s'/f 5. xfdlnfo{ cfwf/e"t lziffegbf klg dfly rflxof] egbf s] ug]{ < To;sf] nflu ;+ljwfgn] af6f] s] vf]lnlbpsf] 5 eg] lghl nufgl klg ug{ kfog5. t/ lziff P]gn] Tof] lghl nufglnfo{ /f]sg sf]lz; ul//x]sf] 5. lghl nufgl kfog5 eg]/ ;+ljwfgn] eg]kl5 Tof] lghl nufglsf] ljbfnosf] btf{ sxff ug]{ < lhnnf k zf;gdf x'fb}g, ;xsf/ldf x'fb}g eg] ug]{ sxff < lghl nufgl ug{ rfxg]n] cfkm\gf] btf{ sxff ug]{ k Zg 5. ljb]zdf btf{ ug]{ ls < Tof] k i6 agfpg'k5{. ljho ;DafxfDkm], cwoif KofA;g xfd f] lziffsf] p2]zo s] xf] < s:tf] vfnsf] hgzlqm ptkfbg ug]{ xf] < of] k fb]lzs ;+/rgfdf s:tf] vfnsf] lziff sfof{gjog cfpf5 egg] vfnsf] vfsf cfpf5 / Tof] lziff cfof]udf 5nkmn x'g5 xf]nf egg] cfzf u/]sf lyof}f, To:tf] cfpg. ef]h/fh bfxfn d'n'ssf] df}h'bf ;+ljwfgcg';f/ h'g;'s} ;+:yf rng'k5{. ;+ljwfgn] ;/sf/l, lghl / ;xsf/l cjwf/0ffaf6 lziff hfg5 eg]/ elg;s]kl5 lziffnfo{ lgif]w ug]{ lsl;dn] lgod, sfg"g, P]g, s]xl klg Nofpg kfpfb}g. csf]{ k ;+u, hxff cfwf/e"t 5, ToxfF klg nf]ssnof0fsf/l glltsf cfwf/df ef}r/ l;:6d nfu" ul/psf] 5. k lt ljbfyl{ nfut /fhon] cleefjsnfo{ lbg5, Tof] ef}r/ lnp/ ljbfyl{n] cfkm"n] 5fg]sf], /f]h]sf] ljbfnodf cwoog ug{ hfg kfpf5. ;+ljwfgcg';f/ ;/sf/n] ;+:yf hgdfo;s]kl5 /fhon] To;sf] ;+/If0f ug'{k5{, nufgl ;'/lift ug'{k5{. s0f{axfb'/ zfxl, PgKofA;g ;Nnfxsf/ cfof]u hdaf] eof], o;n] sfd ug{ ;s]g, o;n] ubf{ dgqfno / cfof]un] ug}{ ;Qm}g egg] lx;fan] 8f= dgk ;fb jfun]n] /flhgfdf klg lbgepsf] 5. t/ xfdl s] ;'Gb}5f}F eg] lziffsf] /fli6«o cleofg egg] gfdsf] xjfnf lbp/ km]l/ Tof] cfof]unfo{ ;'emfj lbpsf] 5. To;df ax; ug{ vf]lhpsf] 5. Tof] cfkm}df lj/f]wfefifk"0f{ 5. csf]{, ;+ljwfgn] k i6 kdf ;/sf/l ah]6 a9fp/ lghl ljbfnonfo{ lgodg ug]{ eg]sf] 5. Tof] lgodg eg]sf] agb} xf]og lg. Tof] lsl;dn] s'/f cfpg' b'mvb 5. lsgeg] df}lns xs;fu hf]l8psf] s'/f s] xf] eg] /fo6 6' k f]km]zg, /fo6 6' k f]k6l{ / /fo6 6' RjfO; xf]. /fo6' 6' RjfO;sf] clwsf/nfo{ t ;/sf/n] /f]sg ;s]sf] 5}g. Tof] agb} u/fpg'k5{ egg] s'/f ;'xfpg] s'/f xf] / < xfdl ck;g lxtsf] s'/f ul//x]sf 5f}F. lghl ljbfnon] k'of{psf] of]ubfgsf] j]jf:tf u/l Psf]xf]/f] kdf cfpg' z+sf:kb 5. oyfy{nfo{ a+uofpg] sfd epsf] 5. ;fj{hlgs ;xsfo{sf] ckl/xfo{ x'fbf g]kfn ;'xfpfbf] lziff gllt agfpg' h?/l /x]sf] atfp. sfo{qmddf PgKofA;gsf s]gb Lo ;b:o /fh]gb sf]h"n] ljbfno / lghl ljbfno ;~rfnsx dfly rf}tkml{ cfqmd0f x'fbf ljbfnodf cft+s km}lnpsf] atfpfb} ;f] cft+ssf] cgtodf hf]8 lbp. ;f]xl ljifonfo{ lnp/!( k';df lghl tyf cfjf;lo cu{gfoh]zg g]kfn-kofa;g_ tyf lghl tyf cfjf;lo Pzf]l;P;g g]kfn-pgkofa;g_n] sf7df8f}+df ;+o'qm kdf kqsf/ ;Dd]ng u/]/ lziff ;'wf/sf] gfddf lghl ljbfnodfly rf}tkml{ cfqmd0f ul/psf]df lggbf u/]. c? a]nf vf;} Ps gx'g] tl ;+u7gx n] cfkm"x dfly s8f cfnf]rgf x'g yfn]kl5 Ps ep/ lziff ;'wf/sf nflu ;'emfj lbpsf lziffljb\x nfo{ slytú / ;/sf/n] u7g u/]sf] cfof]usf] klg et;gf{ u/]. lziffljb\x n] lghl lziffnfo{ agb ug{'kg]{ ;'emfj prr:t/lo lziff cfof]udf lbpkl5 cffltpsfú lghl ljbfno ;~rfnsx n] ;f] ;'emfjnfo{ r'6\lsnf ;+u x epsf] l6kk0fl u/]. pglx n] lghl ljbfnonfo{ Jojl:yt, dof{lbt agfpg egb} j6f ;'emfj ;d]t lbp. ;+:yfut ljbfnosf] kl/efiff, ljbfnosf] :j k / ;~rfngsf] k s[[lt, :yfkgf, cg'dlt, tx yk, :yfgfgt/0f / ljbfno ;dfof]hg, :jfldtj, nufglsf] ;+/If0f tyf pq/flwsf/l lgwf{/0f, :jfoqtf, sdkgl gjls/0fdf ;/nls/0f, ljbfno jul{s/0f, j}1flgs z'ns lgwf{/0fsf] dfkb08 lgwf{/0f, ljbfyl{ lzifs cg'kft, lzifs sd{rf/lsf] lgo'qml, ;]jf, ;'ljwf tyf ljbfo, lgo'qml kq, 5fqj[lQ, k fl1s Pj+ z}lifs j[lq ljsf;sf nflu ;dfg cj;/, kf7\oqmd, kf7\ok':ts, ;dsiftf, k/liff k 0ffnL tyf d"nof+sg, n]vf k/lifssf] lgo'qml, ljbfnodf s/, ;fd'bflos ljbfnosf] Joj:yfkg tyf :t/f]ggltdf lghl ;/sf/l ;fem]bf/l tyf ;xsfo{, k fljlws tyf Joj;flos lziff, ;+:yfut k ltgllwtjsf] Uof/]G6L, ljbfno tyf ljbfyl{ zflgt If]q, ;/sf/l huuf pknawtf Pj+ pkof]lutf, ;x'lnot C0fsf] Joj:yf, ef}r/ k 0ffnL, ;jf/l tyf z}lifs ;fdu L v/lbdf eg;f/ tyf huuf /lhi6«zg s/ 5'6sf] Joj:yf / j}b]lzs kf7\oqmd tyf ljbfno ljifodf!# k[i7 nfdf] ;'emfj kq ;/sf/nfo{ a'emfpsf] b'a} ;+u7gn] hgfpsf]

19 æljbf g} eljionfo{ phhjn 34 u[idf vql siff ( 1fgsf] dlgb/ xfd f] Pe/]:6 Oª\ln; :s'n hljgsf] Hof]lt xf] / ljbfnon] g} ljbfyl{sf] agfpg] ub{5 ÚÚ egg] egfonfo{ cftd;ft\ ub}{ lj=;+=@)#( ;fndf Pe/]:6 Oª\ln; :s'nsf] :yfkgf epsf] xf]. ;dosf] cgt/fn;fu} eqmk'/ lhnnfsf] emf}v]ndf :yfkgf epsf] Pe/]:6 Oª\ln; :s'n w]/} jif{ klxn] g} ;f] :yfgaf6 :yfgfgt/0f eo{ eqmk'/ )@, ldaf5]fdf cfkm\g} ef}lts k"jf{wf/;lxt z}ifl0fs sfo{nfo{ cufl8 a9fpfb} cfo/x]sf] 5. xfd f] ljbfnon] ljut #% jif{b]lv lziff / ljsf;sf] If]qdf dxtjk"0f{ of]ubfg k' ofpfb} cfpsf] 5. ljbfyl{x sf] :fjf{ª\ul0f ljsf;sf nflu Pe/]:6 Oª\ln; :s'nn] ljz]if e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] 5. hgdynf] vf]6fª lhnnf ep klg eqmk'/sf] z}lifs:t/ clej[l4 ug]{] p2]zo lnp/ ljbfnosf ;+:yfks k wfgfwofks eqm /fhe08f/ln] Pe/]:6 Oª\ln; :s'nsf] :yfkgf ug'{epsf] xf]. o;}u/l lziff ljsf;df ;dlk{t ;x k wfgfwofks cfb/0flo sdnfb]jl cdfto /fhe08f/lho"sf ;fy} k wfgfwofksho"sf] cys kl/>d / ;fwgfaf6 g} cfh Pe/]:6 Oª\ln; :s'n eqmk'/ lhnnfsf] dfq gep/ g]kfnel/s} ;kmn / ljzj;glo kf7zfnf epsf]df / ljbfyl{sf] gftfn] pqm ljbfnodf 1fgfh{g ug{ kfpfbf xfdl ctogt} xif{jflgjt epsf 5f}F. Pe/]:6sf] z}lifs ofqfsf] ;kmntfsf] s'/f ubf{ lj=;+=@)%@ ;fndf P;=Pn=;Lk j]lzsf _ k/liffdf k ydk6s ;xeflutf hgfpsf] o; ljbfnoaf6 ;fndf /dlnf lznksf/n] 5fqftkm{jaf6 g]kfn k yd eo{ l;ª\uf] eqmk'/sf] z}lifs Oltxf;sf] uf}/j a9fpg] sfo{ ug'{eof]. o;}u/l ult]gb«k wfgfën] ;fnsf] P;=Pn=;L-k j]lzsf_ :s'n ;flxto k/liffdf af]8{ låtlo eo{ ljbfnosf] ul/dfnfo{ yk prfodf k'/\ofpg'eof]. olafx]s cgo jif{x df klg ljbfnon] pt;fxhgs glthfx xfl;n ub}{ cfo/x]sf] 5. o;sf] k5fl8 o; ljbfnosf ;+:yfks lk lg;kn, ;xfos lk lg;kn, lzifslzlifsf tyf sd{rf/lx Pjd\ ljbfnok lt ;b\efj JoQm ug'{x'g] z'e]r5'shgsf] of]ubfg tyf ;Nnfx clj:d/0flo /x]sf] 5. ;Eo / lzi6 efiffz}nlsf] dxtj a'em\g'epsf cg'ejl lzifsju{sf] lzif0f / cwoogzln ljbfyl{x n] z}lifs sfo{sf ;fy} cltl/qm lqmofsnfkx df ;lqmotfk"j{s ;xeflutf hgfpfb} w]/}egbf w]/} pknflawx k fkt u/]af6 klg ljbfnosf] z}ifl0fs tyf cltl/qm lqmofsnfk cfkm}fdf :ki6 x'g cfpf5. ljbfnon] ;do;dodf ljlegg ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, cfgtl/s ko{6g ljsf;h:tf sfo{x df klg hf]8 lbfb} / o; ljifo;fu ;DalGwt ljlegg sfo{qmdx ;d]t cfof]hgf ub}{ cfpsf] 5. ljbfnodf egf{ eo{ /dfpfb} k9\b} ul//x]sf gfglx b]lv siff!) ;Dd cwoog/t sl/a!#)) hgf ljbfyl{x nfo{ cfjzos kg]{ z}lifs ;fdu Lx b]lv cfw'lgs ef}lts k"jf{wf/x sf] pko'qm Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg' g} xfd f] ljbfnosf] ;kmntfsf] Ps b[i6fgt xf]. o; ljbfnosf] csf{] ;fdflhs sfo{ eg]sf] Pe/]:6 hgdlbg sf]ifsf] :yfkgf x'g' klg ;fndf :yfkgf epsf] o; sf]ifdf ljbfnodf cwoog/t ljbfyl{, lzifslzlifsf, sfo{/t sd{rf/l, cleefjs tyf z'e]r5'sx n] cfcfˆgf] hgdlbgdf ;ª\sng u/]sf] /sd hddf ug]{ ul/g5. / hddf epsf] /sdaf6 g]kfnsf b'u{d lhnnfsf ;fd'bflos ljbfnox df k':tsfno :yfkgfsf nflu k':tssf] Joj:yf u/l lziff / z}lifs ljsf;df Pe/]:6 Oª\ln; :s'nn] 7"nf] of]ubfg k' ofpfb} cfpsf] 5.?=!) af6 yfngl ul/psf] o; sf]ifdf clxn] cfˆgf] hgdlbgsf] cj;/df x/]s ljbfyl{n] Go"gtd?=@))-b'O{;o_ / lzifs tyf sd{rf/ln] Go"gtd?=!)))-Ps xhf/_ /fvg] sfo{ eo/x]sf] 5. o; sf]ifsf] :yfkgf;fu} xfdldf ;xof]usf] efjgf cem a9\b} upsf] xfdln] dx;'; u/]sf 5f}F. ljbfnon] ljbfyl{x sf] z}lifs u'0f:t/nfo{ yk k efjsf/l agfpfb} n}hfg] niojdf]lhd afnd}ql jftfj/0fdf lziff k bfg ub}{ cfpsf] 5. o;}u/l kof{j/0fnfo{ Wofgdf /fvb} jftfj/0fd}ql ljbfno agfpg] nio lnpcg' k ljbfno kl/;/leq kfglsfuh lgif]w ug'{sf ;fy} s'lxg] / gs'lxg] j:t'x nfo{ jul{s/0f u/l kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg ug'{ ljbfnosf] csf]{ ljz]iftf ag]sf] 5. o;} ;Gbe{df s'lxg] kmf]x/nfo{ dn agfo{ ljbfnos} v]taf/ldf pkof]u ul/g5 eg] gs'lxg] ;fdu Lx nfo{ a]r]/ ;ª\sng epsf]?k}off ;fdflhs sfdsf nflu pkof]u ul/g5. ljbfyl{x n] u'0f:tf/lo lziff k fkt ug{ ;s"g\ egg] p2]zojdf]hd x/]s ljifosf lgldt jt{dfg ;do;fu d]n vfg] k z:t lzif0f ;fdu Lx sf] k of]u u/l lzifsju{n] lzif0f ug'{epsf] 5. o;}u/l ljbfyl{x?n] cwoog ug]{ sifx nfo{ dgg\ u/l phofnf / km/flsnf siffsf]7fx lgdf{0f ul/psf 5g\. vfg]kfglsf] ;d:of gxf];\ egg] niocg' k Ps nfv al; xhf/ ln6/ Ifdtfsf] cfsfz] kfgl ;ª\sng ug]{ e"ldut 6\ofª\sL ljbfnodf lgdf{0f ul/psf] 5. ljbfnosf] kof{j/0f :jr5 agfpg ljbfno If]qdf ljlegg k hfltsf vlj?jfx /f]lkpsf 5g\. log} v la?jfx Psftkm{ xl/ofnl / 5xf/Lsf cfwf/ ag]sf 5g\ eg] csf{tkm{ lzif0f ;fdu L agg k'u]sf 5g\. nfdf] ;dob]lv lziffdf cfaå x'g'epsf ;+:yfksåosf] b'/blz{tf, ljbfnodf cwoog/t ljbfyl{x sf] ljbfnok ltsf] cg'/fu Pjd\ cg'zf;g tyf ljbfnodf cwofkg/t lzifslzlifsfx sf] cg'ej Pjd\ nugzlntfsf ;fy} ljbfnodf /xg'epsf sd{rf/lx sf] kl/>d g} ljbfnosf] ;kmntfsf] d'vo sf/0f xf] egg] xfdlnfo{ nfub5. o;y{ o; ljbfnodf k9\g kfpsf]df xfdl ljbfyl{x lgs} uf}/jflgjt agg k'u]sf 5f}F. k':ts ;kmntfsf] lzv/df k' ofpf5. k':tsnfo{ dfof tyf o;sf] ;Ddfg ug]{ k ofz bfxfn JolQmn] dfq k':tsaf6 kmfobf tyf 1fg siff * hfgsl k fkt ug{ ;S5g\. k':ts k9\g' ;fx } /fd f] afgl xf] / k':tsnfo{ dfof / htg ug{] xfdl ;a}sf] d"n st{jo xf]. /f]6l klg x]gf{sf x'g5g\ú eg] h:t} k':ts klg c;n / v/fa b'j} vfnsf x'g5g\. s'g} k':ts k9\bf xfdldf 1fg a9]/ hfg5 eg] s'g} k':ts k9\bf gsf/ftds tyf v/fa ;f]r ptkgg x'g ;S5. s]xl dfq o:tf k':ts x'g5g\ h;n] dfgj dgdf gsf/ftds ;f]r hgdfpg ;S5g\. o;y{ lstfa cwoog ug'{k"j{ s]xl If0f ljifoj:t'df dgg\ ug'{ kb{5. k':tsx sf] cwoogaf6 xfdln] e ft[k ]d, st{jokfng, ;b\ljrf/, ;b\efj tyf c c;n efjgfx k fkt ug{ ;S5f}F. xfdl c;n dflg; x'g] jf v/fa dflg; x'g] ;a} s'/f xfd f] lstfa k9\g] /f]hfodf e/ k5{. xfdln] ;j{bf cfkm"leq ;sf/ftds ;f]r tyf ljrf/sf] ljsf; ug'{k5{. k':tssf] cwoogn] xfdlnfo{ cfwof/f]af6 phofnf]tkm{ 8f]xf]] ofpf5. lstfan] xfdlnfo{ /fd f tyf hljg pkof]ul 1fg k bfg ub{5. Dfflg;;Fu ;a} k sf/sf k':tsx k9\g] ;do xf'b}g. o;y{ cf cfˆgf ljifo tyf?lrcg';f/sf lstfax cwoog ug]{ k rng 5. Ps k l;å ljåfg\ a]sgsf] egfo 5 æs'g} k':ts rfvgsf nflu x'g5g\, s'g} lgngsf nflu x'g5g\ / s'g} rkfp/ krfpgsf nflu x'g5g\.æ ctm c;n k':tsn] c;n dflg; agg ;xof]u k' ofpf5. c;n dflg;n] c;n /fi6«agfpg ;xof]u k' ofpf5 / c;n /fi6«n] ;+;f/ agfpg ;3fpF5. lstfan]] kl/k"0f{ n;tf /+lhtsf/ ;+;f/sf] /rgfdf ;xof]u u5{. k':ts k9]/ siff ( c;n rl/q lgdf{0f ug'{ / 1fgsf] phofnf] lkmhfpg' ;a}sf] st{jo xf]. ;fy} lg:jfy{ efjsf ;fy lstfaaf6 cflh{t 1fg ;a} dfgj hfltdf k'/\ofpg' klg dflg;x sf] csf]{ st{jo x'g hfg5. k':ts ;a}sf nflu ;fx } dxtjk"0f{ j:t' xf]. k':tssf] cwoogn] xfdlnfo{ hljgdf goffgoff s'/f l;sfpf5. xfdln] k':tsnfo{ slxno} klg aflx/l uftf x]/]/ d'nofª\sg ug'{ x'fb}g. cfhsf] ;Gbe{df k':ts dfgj hljgsf] ctogt} glhssf] ldq agg k'u]sf] ljifo xfd f nflu gf}nf] /x]g. k':ts k9\gfn] gupsf] 7fpFdf k'ug ;lsg5. yfxf gepsf s'/f hfgg ;lsg5 / ga'em]sf] s'/f a' g ;lsg5. o;y{ k':ts xfd f] cffvf xf], kfonf xf] / dfu{ klg xf]. xfdln] k':tsaf6 k fkt u/]sf] 1fgnfO{ hljgdf ptfg'{ kb{5 cgoyf To;sf] s]xl cy{ /xfb}g. o;y{ k':ts k9f}f / ljåfg\ agf}f. dflg; Ps ljj]szln tyf a'l4hljl k f0fl xf]. ;a} dflg;x nfo{ lh1f;' k f0flsf kdf lnog5. dflg;x n] x/if0f goff ljifo hfgg] / a'em\g] k of; ub{5g\. dflg;x cfˆgf] 1fg a9fpgsf nflu ljlegg k':tsx sf] cwoog ub{5g\. k':tsú eg]sf] s'g} ljifodf goff cg'ej, ljrf/ / 1fgsf s'/f cª\lst epsf] sfuhkqsf] ;d"x xf]. k':tsnfo{ lstfaú klg egg] ul/g5. lstfa 1fgsf] cggt e08f/ xf]. k':ts ljbfsf] ;fu/ xf]. 1fgsf] 9's'6L xf]. k':ts k9]/ g} dflg;sf] a'lå ltvfl/g5 / ljrf/ ;'wfl/g5. k':ts dflg;x sf] ldq xf]. k':tsn] dflg;nfo{ ky k bz{g u5{ / :s'n ;flxto uhn s'zn 9sfn siff!) dfg5]sf] of] dg klg crddsf] x'fbf] /x]5 ;dosf] rqm;fu} kl/jlt{t agbf] /x]5. ;kmntfnfo{ km]nf kfbf{ ;u/;dfg cl8u dg c;kmntf cfolbfbf ulx/f] vf]fr agbf] /x]5. v';lofnl, dfof ldn] k"l0f{dfsf] h"gh:tf] b'mv si6 kbf{v]l/ cff};lsf] /ft agbf] /x]5. ;fylefosf] ;fy kfpfbf, 6'Fl8v]n agg] of] dg PSnf]kgsf] cg'ej x'fbf, ;ff3'/f] kf] agbf] /x]5. xtoflx+;f TofuLsg uf}td a4 agg] dg zflgt ofqf cgto u/l lx6n/ agg vf]hbf]] /x]5. j;gtsf] kfn'jfem}f x/fe/f ag]sf] dg slxn]sfxlf lzlz/sf] phf8 j[if agbf] /x]5. cfˆgf] OR5f k"0f{ x'fbf, ;fx } dl7f] xffl;lbg5 OR5f k"0f{ gepdf uhw'dd kbf]{ /x]5. ;a} s'/f dg g} xf], c;n v/fa 5'6\ofpg] /fd f] ky cfufn]/, s~rg kfg'{ kbf]{ /x]5. ;do gdg clwsf/l siff & kz'klt au]sf] kfgl / v;]sf] af]nl kms{]/ cfpfb}g ltvf{n] cfkm}f wfpg'k5{ vf]nfn] wfpfb}g.. h;sf] 5 dl7f] af]nl / afgl Jojxf/ rl/q p;}sf] x'g5 pgglt clg ;DaGw kljq.. x/38l gf}nf] ;kgf a'gf}f pd]/sf] Vofn u/f}f ;do cfpf5 3s]{/ hfg5 kv]{/ ga;f}f.. s'/llt affsl /fvb}gf}f xfdl ;+:s[lt dfgb5f}f g]kfnl alrdf ;b\efjgfsf] 8f]/Ln] afgb5f}f.. a]lylt k d'v zq' xf] b]zsf] ljsf; / ultsf] g]t[ttj 5fgf}F oyfy{df hf] 5 c;n a'l4sf].. ;fg}df lax] u/]/ s;}sf] clwsf/ gvf];f}f 5fpk8L k yf, e' 0fxTof clg clziff g/f]hf}f.. ;fgf] / 7"nf] x'fb}g dfg5] p:t} 5 /ut t]/f] / d]/f] gegg' /fd f] xfd f] xf] hut\.. ;Gtfgsf] nsf]{ nfp/ dfq rnb}g lhgbul cffvfdf k L affw]/ hljg g/fvf}f agwsl.. df6f]sf] dfof ug]{n] dfq pgglt rfxg5 df6f]sf] dfof, cfdfsf] dfof lgm:jfy{ /xg5.. ue{df arrf x's{fbf cfdf lg/f]ul /xg' b'j}sf] hljg /Iffsf] nflu 8fS6/nfO{ sxg'.. efo km'6] eg] n'l6g5 ujf/ l5lgg5 cfˆgf] xs ldn]/ a;] km}lng5 ;'jf; alnof] ag5 hu.. 35

20 UNof8 :6f]gsf] v'nf v]n ljwf ljbfyl{x nfo{ v]nk lt cem hfu?s agfpg ;do ;dodf /fli6«o :t/sf v]nf8l tyf k lzifsnfo{ ljbfnodf cfdgq0f ul/ xf};nf k bfg ug]{ ul/g5. Ps hgf ljbfyl{n] cfkm\gf] Ifdtf /?lr cg';f/ hlt klg v]ndf ;xeful agg ;Sg] v'nf Joj:yf 5 UNof8 :6f]gdf. v]n ljz'4 v]nsf nflu dfq gep/ o;n] JolQmsf] zf/ll/s tyf dfgl;s ljsf;df klg dxtjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]ng] epsfn] cfˆgf] ljbfnodf cwoog/t slnnf afnaflnsfsf nflu ljbfnon] ljlegg v]ns'bsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5. To;dWo] ljbfnodf xfn km'6an, af:s]6an, Aof8ldG6g, 6]an6]lg;, Pyn]l6S;nufotsf v]nx ;+rfngdf 5g\. ;Dk"0f{ ljbfyl{ s'g} g s'g} v]ndf ;xeful xf]pmg\ egg] ljbfnosf] ;f]r xf]. ljbfyl{nfo{ cfkm"n]?rfpsf] v]n 5fg]/ v]ng] :jtgqtf 5 UNof8 :6f]gdf. xfn km'6andf nueu!)) hgf ljbfyl{x lg/gt/ k lzif0f lno/x]sf 5g\. af:s]6andf ^) hgf, Aof8ldG6gdf %% hgf / 6]an6]lg;df %) hgf hlt ;+nug 5g\. cleefjs;fu ;xsfo{ ul/ o;sf] ;+Vof a9fpg] sfo{df ljbfno nfluk/]sf] 5. ;fy} ljbfyl{ ju{nfo{ xf};nf k bfg xf];\ egg] x]t'n] k To]s ;bgsf nflu 5' f5' } lzifsx sf] Joj:yf klg ul/psf] 5. Psf]xf]/f] kf7\ok':ts cwoogn] dfq prr l;sfo pknawl xfl;n ug{ ;lsgg egg] s'/f UNof8 :6f]g Ps]8]dLsf] 7DofO xf]. ToxL dfgotfcg' k k efjsf/l / u'0f:t/lo lzif0f jftfj/0fsf nflu :yfkgfsf] s]xl jif{kl5b]lv g} ljlegg v]nx ;'? ul/psf x'g\. / v]n cfkm} klg l;sfosf] ultnf] dfwod epsf] x'gfn] To;df klg c;n u'?sf] ;fy UNof8 :6f]gn] kfpfb} cfpsf] 5. dflg;sf :jefj / k s[lt cg';f/ km/s km/s?lr tyf rfxgf x'g] epsfn] ljbfyl{x n] cfkm\gf] OR5fcg';f/ v]ns'bdf ;xeflutf hgfpg ;S5g\. pglx df v]n ;Lksf] ljsf; ug{ k lzifs;d]tsf] cfjzostfnfo{ dxz'; u/l ljbfnon] v]n k lzifsx sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5. km'6ansf nflu k lzifs ;'hg?daf, af:s]6andf k j]z >]i7 / cgo v]n ;DalGwt ;bg lzifsx n] l;sfpfb} cfpsf 5g\. To;afx]s klg cltl/qm ;dodf klg k lzif0f lbg'kbf{ cleefjs;fu ;Nnfx ul/ Joj:yfkg ug]{ ul/g5. ;fy} ljbfyl{x nfo{ v]nk lt cem hfu?s agfpg ;do ;dodf /fli6«o :t/sf v]nf8l tyf k lzifsnfo{ ljbfnodf cfdgq0f ul/ xf};nf k bfg ug]{ ul/g5. Ps hgf ljbfyl{n] cfkm\gf] Ifdtf /?lr cg';f/ hlt klg v]ndf ;xeful agg ;Sg] v'nf Joj:yf 5 UNof8 :6f]gdf. k fo ljbfyl{x v]n v]nbf jf k ltof]lutf x'fbf lhtg} kg]{ dfgl;stf /fv5g\. xf/df lg/f; x'g] k j[lq Hofb} b]lvg5. To:tf] a]nfdf pglx nfo{ plrt ;Nnfx, ;'emfj lbg g;s] gsf/ftds c;/ kg{ ;S5. To;sf;fy} ;do Joj:yfkg, v]ns'b ;fdu L, ;'/Iff Joj:yfkg, v]nd}bfg, cleefjs;fusf] ;DaGw ;'wf/sf s'/fdf klg ljbfnon] oy]i6 Wofg k'of{pg' k5{. v]n ;+rfngsf qmddf v]nf8lx 3fOt] x'g], cf}iflw pkrf/ ug{' kg]{, v]ns'bsf ;fdu L ylk/xg' kg]{, k lzifsnfo{ tnaeqfsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg]{, v]nf8lnfo{ vfgf vfhfsf] Joj:yfkg ug{'kg]{ epsfn] cfly{s kdf s]xl ef/ ljbfnonfo{ cjzo kg]{ u/]sf] 5. t/ klg ljbfnon] To;df s'g} sgh':ofof u/]sf] 5}g. v]ns} nflu eg]/ rflxf ljbfyl{n] s'g} z'ns ltb}{gg\. v]ndf k of]u x'g] ;fdfgx sf] ;xl t/lsfn] k of]u ug]{af/] lglzrt lgod g} t agfpsf] 5}g UNof8 :6f]gn]. t/ ltgsf] ;'/lift e08f/0f sif, /]vb]v ug]{ JolQmsf] Joj:yf, v]n ;fdu Lsf] ;xl pkof]usf nflu ;r]t ljbfyl{, h:tf s'/fn] o;sf] clwstd k of]udf ;fy ldn]sf] 5. v]ns'b ;fdu Lsf] dfof ug]{ c;n ;+:sf/ / ;F:s[ltsf] ljsf;df ljbfnon] ;r]t u/fpg ;s]sfn] klg v]nf8l ljbfyl{x g} o;k lt ;r]t b]lvg5g\. nfdf] ;dob]lv v]ns'bnfo{ lg/gt/tf lbo/x]sf] o; UNof8 :6f]gnfO{ pktosfjofkl bf]; f] g'jful sk km'6;n k ltof]lutfdf bf]; f], t]; f] dwok'/ sk km'6an k ltof]lutfdf klxnf], lhnnf:t/lo af:s]6an k ltof]lutfdf klxnf] :yfg k fkt u/]sf] 5 eg] Pyn]l6S;df /fli6«o, If]qLo / lhnnf :t/lo k'/:sf/x k fkt epsf 5g\. ;+rflnt v]nx afx]s klg goff / /f]rs v]nx v]nfpg] of]hgf ljbfnosf] 5. To;df klg ttsfnsf nflu lqms]6 v]n leqfpg] tof/ldf 5f}F. v]ns'bn] ljbfyl{x sf] rf}tkml{ ljsf;df d2t g} k'u]sf] b]lvg5. s'g} klg v]n lgoddf /x]/ v]ng' kg]{ epsfn] ljbfyl{nfo{ cg'zfl;t agfpg], ;dosf] dxtj a'emfpg], Ps cfk;df ldqjt Joaxf/ ug]{, cfkm"egbf ;fgfnfo{ dfof / 7"nfnfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ cfr/0fdf ;'wf/ cfpsf] b]lvg5. t/ s'g} klg v]n ljlw / lgodk"j{s ;~rfng ug{' cfkm}+df Ps r'gf}tl xf]. cfpsf r'gf}tlnfo{ lrb}{ ;kmn kdf v]n ;~rfng ug{ ljbfno x/bd k of;/t 5. t}klg cltl/qm ;dodf k lzif0f lbg'kg]{ epsfn] ;do Joj:yfkg ug{ ufx f] x'g], v]ns'b ;fdu Lx af/daf/ vl/b ul//xg' kg]{ epsfn] cfly{s ef/ a9\g], pko'qm v]nd}bfgsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ ufx f] x'g] h:tf sf/0f ljbfnonfo{ yk r'gf}tl eg] 5Fb}5g\

21 afnaflnsfsf] ;'Gb/ au}frf l;lepd lsg8/uf6]{g afnaflnsfsf] lziffsf] hu alnof] / e/kbf]{ agfpg ;fgf] siffb]lv g} ljz]if Vofn ug'{k5{. cfhef]ln w]/} afnaflnsfsf] lziff lsg8/uf6]{gaf6} ;'? x'g] u/]sf] 5. lsg8/uf6]{g To:tf]7fpFxf]hxfF; ;fgf afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{+ul0f ljsf;sf nflu cfwf/ tof/ ul/g5. clxn] o;sf] dxœj / dfu x\jftt} a9]sf] 5. log} s'/fnfo{ ljz]if cfwf/ dfgb}'a Center for Wholistic Development' gf/fsf ;fy eqmk'/ u f3/ c/lgsf] a:tll:yt l;lepd -r/v08l ljbf dlgb/_ dfwolds ljbfnon] afnaflnsfsf nflu ;'Gb/ au}frf cyf{t\ lsg8/uf6]{gsf] :yfkgf u/]sf] 5. ;dfhsf s]xl ljåt\ ju{ / ;dfh;]jl ldn]/ ;fndf of] ljbfnosf] :yfkgf epsf] xf]. x/]s If]qdf a9\bf] k lt:kwf{;fu} lziffdf klg a9\b} upsf] k lt:kwl{ cj:yfdf Pp6f goff / cfw'lgs cfofd sf]g]{ z}lifs ;+:yfsf] cfjzostf dx;'; ub}{ of] ljbfnosf] :yfkgf epsf] xf]. eqmk'/ lhnnfsf] z}lifs j[qdf nfdf] ;dob]lv ljz]if :yfg sfod /fvg ;kmn o; ljbfnodf siff!) ;Ddsf] cwofkg x'g5. lstfal 1fg;Fu} u'0f:t/lo Pj+ Jofjxfl/s lziffnfo{ ljz]if dxœj lbfb} ef}lts k"jf{wf/ / afnd}ql jftfj/0fdf Jojl:yt of] ljbfnon] b]z / ;dfhsf nflu clt pkof]ul w]/} dflg; hgdfo;s]sf] 5. o;} ljbfnosf] csf]{ pts'i6 gd'gf xf] oxffsf] lsg8/uf6]{g. oxffsf] jftfj/0f / o;sf] cjl:yltn] oxff cfpg] hf]sf]xlnfo{ ;lhn} dgqd'uw agfpf5. ;'? u/]sf] 5f]6f] cjlwd} w]/} cleefjssf] /f]hfodf kg{ ;kmn l;lepd lsg8/uf6]{gdf cgt/f{li6«o:t/sf] ;'ljwf / Joj:yfkgsf] k of; u/]sf] ljbfnosf lk lg;kn z+s/ kf}8]n atfpf5g\. afnaflnsfsf] k"0f{ x]/rfxsf nflu ;xof]ulsf] /fd f] agbf]a:tl ldnfopsf] l;lepd lsg8/uf6]{gdf ECD, ECEC 6«]lgª ;]G6/af6 tflndk fkt lzifsn] cwofkg ul//x]sf 5g\. cfw'lgs k4ltaf6 afnaflnsfsf] dgf]lj1fgnfo{ ljz]if Wofgdf /fv]/ cwofkg ul/g] of] lsg8/uf6]{gdf ljbfyl{ ;+Vof lbgfg'lbg a9\b} upsf] 5. oxff laxfg ( ah]b]lv a]n'sl $ ah];dd afnaflnsfnfo{ tflnsfcg';f/ k9fpg], l;sfpg], v]nfpg] / v'jfpg] ul/g5. pglx sf]?lrcg' k :j:y vfgf, vfhf / kfglsf] Joj:yf 5. v]ngsf nflu v]n ;fdu Lsf] oy]i6 Joj:yf, syf ;'gfpg], ;s{n 6fOd, OlG8ª ;s{nh:tf ultljlwn] pglx nfo{ lbg lat]sf] kqf] x'gg. Kn] y]/fkl, Kn] j] d]y8h:tf ljlwsf] k of]u;d]t ul/psf] of] lsg8/uf6]{gdf df}lns ;+:sf/ / ;+:s[lt emnsfpg] rf8kj{ / ljz]if sfo{qmd klg a]nfdf}sfdf cfof]hgf u/l pglx nfo{ ;xeful x'g] / l;sg] cj;/ k bfg ul/g5. sfdsfhl cleefjssf nflu dfq xf]og u'0f:t/lo lziff / ;+:sf/o'qm lziffno rfxg]sf nflu klg of] ljbfno Pp6f ultnf] ugtjo agg k'u]sf] 5. o;f] x'g'sf] k d'v sf/0f eg]sf] cfw'lgstftkm{ pgd'v g]kfnl ;dfh / lziffdf u'0f:t/ vf]hg] cleefjssf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 x'g'n] g} xf]. h'g l;lepd lsg8/uf6]{gn] k bfg ub}{ cfpsf] 5. From Play Group to UKG Salient Features» Well managed cafeteria with hygienic food» Door to door transportation facility» Earthquake resistance castle» Full play way method» Well trained and qualified teachers team» Modern method of teaching with multimedia» Well equipped spacious classroom with play station» Happy learning and friendly environment» Prime location and peaceful environment» Field visit and educational excursion» Well equipped library and lab, machine attendances system and observed by CCTV» Cultural activities Gatthaghar, Madhyapur himi Bhaktapur, Nepal Tel.: ,

22 d]/f] km];g eggkg]{nfo{ elg/xg5', cfkm" nflu/xg5' ;fbf hljgg} Kof/f] nfug] s[i0fnfn Gx]dfkm"sLnfO{ sfdk ltsf] nufj Hofb} 5. oxl nufjn] pgsf] kl/ro ag]sf] xf], pgl;fu} pgsf] 7fpFsf] kl/ro ag]sf] xf]. ct M pgnfo{ c?nfo{ egbf a9l g} lrgtf 5 :s'nsf], lziffk lt pgsf] b[9 cg'/fu 5. lziffk ltsf] oxl cg'/fu pgl Hof]lt dfwolds ljbfnodf kf]lv/x]sf 5g\. eqmk'/ ;"o{ljgfos gu/kflnsfsf] u'08'sf] lsafrf]sdf /x]sf] ;f] :yfgdf pgn] lsjfú cyf{t\ au}+rfú h:t} Hof]lt dfwolds ljbfnonfo{ agfo/x]sf 5g\. ToxLFaf6 dudufo/x]5, lziffsf] ;'ugw, ToxLFaf6 lkmflh/x]sf] 5 lziffsf] Hof]lt. ltg} s[i0fnfn Gx]dfkm"sLsf] km]zgaf/]sf] rrf{ g'jfulsf] o; c+sdf. 40 dnfo{ x/bd :s'ns} lrgtf nflu/xg5. /ftl ;'Tbf klg :s'n b]v5', p7\bf klg :s'n b]v5', clg slxfst} hffbf klg :s'ns} emnsf] cfpf5. :s'nnfo{ gb]vl lgbfpg klg uf xf] dxz'; x'g5. o;}n] d laxfg ^ ah] :s'n cfpf5' / a]n'sl ca]/;dd a:5'.!( jif{sf] pd]/d} ljbfnosf] ;+:yfks ep/ k c epkl5 d}n] P;Pn;LeGbf cl3sf] k9fo ug{ ;lsgf. lk lg;kn epkl5 :s'n agfp/ c?nfo{ k9fpgs} nflu jftfj/0f agfpfbf agfpfb} cfkm"n] rflxf k9\g'k5{ egg] s'/f w]/}kl5 dfq af]w eof]. To;n] slxn]sflxf dg cldnf] agfpf5, leqleq lrd6\5 klg. t/ h] h:tf] ep klg d :s'n agfpg nflu g} /xg5', of] c7f]6 5 d;fu. o;}n] dnfo{ zlqm lbg5, cff6 lbg5, zfx; lbg5. x'g t d Pshgf ;/sf/l :s'n agfpg'k5{ egg] dfdnfdf d lbg elgbgf, /ft elgbgf, lg/gt/ :s'n agfpg, /fd f] agfpglt/} nfu5'. dnfo{ d;fu epsf] v'al g} ToxL xf] egg] nfu5. ToxL v'alnfo{ d}n] b[9tfdf 9fn]sf] 5'. To;}n] dnfo{ leq}af6 phf{ ldn]sf] 5. d slxn] klg kl5 gx6\g] :jefjsf] dfg5], d nfu]fkl5 nfu]f, nfu]f. ;fylefon] ;xof]u u/] gu/]sf] jf:tf ulb{gf. eggkg]{nfo{ egl/xg5', cfkm" nflu/xg5'. :s'nsf] g]t[tj ug]{ k c x'f. sf]xl sf]xl t s] slxn]sflxf 3/s} ;b:on] klg Toqf] rf;f], lrgtf / lrgtg lsg <Ú eg]/ ;f]w5g\. ;/sf/l sfd slxn] hfnf 3fdÚ u/]/} Wj:t ag]sf] ;/sf/l ljbfno / of] ljbfnoalrsf] leggtf d pglx nfo{ atfpf5'. kl/jf/sf ;b:osf], cfkmgtsf] d]/f z'elrgtssf] Tof] s'/fnfo{ d sd rf;f] lbg5' sfd r}+ a9l u5'{. :s'n agfpg'k5{ egg] dfdnfdf d lbg elgbgf, /ft elgbgf, lg/gt/ :s'n agfpg, /fd f] agfpglt/} nfu5'. dnfo{ d;fu epsf] v'al g} ToxL xf] egg] nfu5. ToxL v'alnfo{ d}n] b[9tfdf 9fn]sf] 5'. To;}n] dnfo{ leq}af6 phf{ ldn]sf] 5. d slxn] klg kl5 gx6\g] :jefjsf] dfg5], d nfu]fkl5 nfu]f, nfu]f. ;fylefon] ;xof]u u/] gu/]sf] jf:tf ulb{gf. eggkg]{nfo{ egl/xg5', cfkm" nflu/xg5'. oxl k ltj4tfn] ljbfnon] 5f]6f] ;dodf pknlaw xfl;n u/]sf] xf] egg] s'/fsf] uj{ 5 dnfo{. ljqmd ;fndf :yfkgf epsf] of] ;Dd lgdflj eof], To;sf] b'o{ jif{d} dflj. oltdfq xf]og, ;fd'bflos ljbfnosf] pknlawsf] dfgs ttsflng P;Pn;Ldf klg ljbfnon] ztk ltzt;ddsf] glthf klg ;fndf klxnf]kn6 P;Pn;L lbpsfdf ^) k ltzt df &) k ltzt df zt\k ltzt kf; u/fpsf lyof}f. oltdfq xf]og, k flj x'fbf ^) sf] bzsdf $) $% hgfdf ;Lldt x'g upsf] ljbfyl{ ;+VofnfO{ qmdzm a9fp/ clxn] tlg;osf] xf/fxf/ldf 5g\. tlgj6f t kssl ejg alg;s]sf 5g\. ljbfyl{nfo{ k'ubf] dfqfdf vfg]kfgl / zf}rfnosf] agbf]a:t 5.!* j6f sf]7f 5g\. tlg bzs ljbfnodf latfpfbf k5fl8 kms{g gkg]{ u/l sfd u/]sf] 5'. clxn] b/agblcgtu{t! dflj, # lgdflj,!! k flj, # hgf O;L8L sd{rf/l, $ hgf gllh ; f]tsf lzifs 5g\. :yfglox s} ;fndf Hof]lt :s'nsf] lznfgof; epsf] xf]. ;fndf P;Pn;L lbpsf] dnfo{ plta]nf :s'nsf] ;a} lhddf nufoof]. k9fpg g t d}n] %siffdf k9\b}v]l/b]lv k9fpg yfn]sf] x'f. dnfo{ lziff If]qd} s]xl ug]{ OR5f lyof]. ToxL OR5fn] ljbfno agof], ljbfyl{ ag], of] 7fpFdf lziffsf] Hof]lt anof], ;a}df phofnf] 5fof], ca o;nfo{ lgeg lbg'x'gg egg] g} d]/f] cfufdl of]hgf 5. d]/f] nug g} d]/f] ljz]iftf xf]. oxl g} d/f] zlqm xf]. d]/f] km]zg klg oxl g} xf].

23 d=if]=x'=lg= b=g+=m!# )&# &$

k Tofe"ltsf] cfjzostf

k Tofeltsf] cfjzostf ;DkfbsLo k Tofe"ltsf] cfjzostf clwsf+z cleefjs cfˆgf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ dg6]zj/ld} egf{ ug{ cft'/ 5g\. ljbfnodf egf{ ul/lbp cfˆgf] lhdd]jf/l k"/f epsf] dfgg] cleefjssf] wf/0ffdf qmdzm kl/jt{g klg cfo/x]sf]

More information

l;dlk G6;n] s] s] JolQmut 8f6f lng5, / tlgsf] k of]u s]df x'g5<

l;dlk G6;n] s] s] JolQmut 8f6f lng5, / tlgsf] k of]u s]df x'g5< l;dlk G6;n] s] s] JolQmut 8f6f lng5, / tlgsf] k of]u s]df x'g5< l;dlk G6;n] s] s] JolQmut 8f6f lng5, / tlgsf] k of]u s]df x'g5 < o; glltut b:tfa]hn] l;dlk G6;sf tl ultljlwx?sf af/]df JofVof u5{ h;af6 c;fdfgo

More information

k'l:tsf lgdf{0f M Boise ljbfno lhnnf, km]8/n k f]u fd;\ -;+3Lo sfo{qmd_ Boise, cfo8fxf]

k'l:tsf lgdf{0f M Boise ljbfno lhnnf, km]8/n k f]u fd;\ -;+3Lo sfo{qmd_ Boise, cfo8fxf] Final English BSD.doc Nepali tkfo{+sf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] ljbfno ;xof]ul Boise ljbfnosf nflu afa'cfdfsf] xft] lstfa k'l:tsf lgdf{0f M Boise ljbfno lhnnf, km]8/n k f]u fd;\ -;+3Lo sfo{qmd_ Boise, cfo8fxf] k sfzg

More information

hg;+vof tyf jftfj/)f cg";gwfg k of]uzfnf

hg;+vof tyf jftfj/)f cg;gwfg k of]uzfnf pq/bftfsf] ;+s]tf uf]ko cg";gwfgsf] nflu dfq hg;+vof tyf jftfj/)f cg";gwfg k of]uzfnf lrtjg lrtjg pktosfsf] kfl/jf/ls cwoog 2059 *f^f OG^«Lsf] nflu cgt/jftf{ ln+bfsf] ljj/)f ljj/)f klxnf] k^s bf]>f] k^s

More information

;'rgf tyf ;~rf/ k ljlw ;]jf kx'fr of]hgf

;'rgf tyf ;~rf/ k ljlw ;]jf kx'fr of]hgf ;'rgf tyf ;~rf/ k ljlw ;]jf kx'fr of]hgf ;fgf]b'ddf dfwolds ljbfnodf cfw'lgs ;'rgf tyf ;~rf/ k ljlw ;DjlGw ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] kx'fr k' ofpgsf lgldt >L lhnnf lziff sfo{no, ef]hk'/ dfkm{t cfly{s ;xotf -hf]8

More information

gfglx sf] efudf hí km"8ú

gfglx sf] efudf hí km8ú dfl;s 1fg lj1fg z}lifs ;xsf/l ;+:yf lnld6]8sf nflu cwoif blks yfkf åf/f k sflzt ;Dkfbs /fh]gb bfxfn ;Nnfxsf/ ;Dkfbs s]bf/ zdf{ ;xfos ;Dkfbs ;'bz{g l3ld/] jl/i7 ;+jfbbftf afa'/fd ljzjsdf{ ;+jfbbftf k df]b

More information

jif{ % k"0ff{í %% hljg / l;sfo

jif{ % k0ff{í %% hljg / l;sfo dfl;s 1fg lj1fg z}lifs ;xsf/l ;+:yf lnld6]8sf nflu cwoif blks yfkf åf/f k sflzt ;Dkfbs /fh]gb bfxfn ;Nnfxsf/ ;Dkfbs s]bf/ zdf{ ;xfos ;Dkfbs ;'bz{g l3ld/] jl/i7 ;+jfbbftf afa'/fd ljzjsdf{ ;+jfbbftf k df]b

More information

g]kfn ef]s]zgn Ps]8]dL

g]kfn ef]s]zgn Ps]8]dL d=if]=x'=lg= b=g+=m!# )&# &$ CTEVT af6 ;DaGwg k fkt /ljgb k'/l kmfpg8];gåf/f ;+rflnt o; g]kfn ef]s]zgn Ps]8]dLdf! jif{sf] tflndkl5 Go'gtd dfl;s?!@,))) kfpg] Jofj;flos tflnddf lgmz'ns egf{ v'nof]. ljifox?

More information

:jb]zdf k jf;l sfdbf/sf] Gofodf kx'fr M g]kfn

:jb]zdf k jf;l sfdbf/sf] Gofodf kx'fr M g]kfn k jf;l sfdbf/sf] Gofodf kx'fr ljifos >[+vnf :jb]zdf k jf;l sfdbf/sf] Gofodf kx'fr M g]kfn ;f/f kfcf]n] L. Pn]gf]/ 6]n/ lgsn;g. algbtf l;hfktl. al:;gf kmfa{]gand :jb]zdf k jf;l sfdbf/sf] Gofodf kx'fr M

More information

k"0ff{í!( Evolution of English Imran Saifur %^ lkmndm lb /]8 a]n'gú k 1f ltldln;gf %*

k0ff{í!( Evolution of English Imran Saifur %^ lkmndm lb /]8 a]n'gú k 1f ltldln;gf %* lhk sf nk' bg+ %# )^% )^^ dfl;s jif{ @ k"0ff{í!( sflqs @)^^ Oct-Nov 2009 :s"n ;'wfg{] goff pkqmd k[i7 @^ #! ;'bz{g l3ld/] /fli6«o lziff k'/:sf/ @)^^ /fd fú n] dfq kfpgg\ l/kf]6{ @) afa'/fd ljzjsdf{ ultljlw

More information

afn ;+;f/sf s]xl k sfzgx

afn ;+;f/sf s]xl k sfzgx agr/f sf7sf t:s/x ck/fwl x'g\, hf] sf7 rf]g] { ck/fw u5{g\. pglx v sf6\5g\ / o;f] u/]/ hª\un df:g] sfd ub{5g\. hª\un dfl;of] eg] hljhgt' dfl;g5g\. k fs[lts jftfj/0f vnalng5. clg dfgj;eotfsf] hu xlnng5.

More information

;"rgfsf] xs / k ]; ljgos'df/ s;h"

;rgfsf] xs / k ]; ljgos'df/ s;h k ]; sfplg;n g]kfnåf/f ;+rflnt ldl8of ;+jfb sfo{qmd, @)^% r}q &, df k :t't ;"rgfsf] xs / k ]; ljgos'df/ s;h" ;"rgfsf] xs dflg;sf] df}lns clwsf/ ;g\!($^ df ;+o'qm /fi6«;+3n] cfkm\gf] k f/ldes cj:yfdf Pp6f

More information

lvof k'5f}+, w"nf] 6S6SofpmF

lvof k'5f}+, wnf] 6S6SofpmF dfl;s jif{ $ k"0ff{í #& j}zfv @)^* Apr-May 2011 1fg lj1fg z}lifs ;xsf/l ;+:yf lnld6]8sf nflu cwoif blks yfkf åf/f k sflzt ;Dkfbs /fh]gb bfxfn ;Nnfxsf/ ;Dkfbs s]bf/ zdf{ ;xfos ;Dkfbs ;'bz{g l3ld/] jl/i7

More information

tkfo{+n] k9]sf] :s"n / k9fpg] lzifsx nfo{ ;D g'x'g5 <

tkfo{+n] k9]sf] :sn / k9fpg] lzifsx nfo{ ;D g'x'g5 < tkfo{+n] k9]sf] :s"n / k9fpg] lzifsx nfo{ ;D g'x'g5 < olb ;D g rfxg'x'g5 eg] lzifs sf] u fxs alglbg'xf];\ù xfdl k' ofolbg5f}+, pxffx kss} v'zl x'g'xf]nf Û Û tkfofsf] ;kmntf / pknawlsf] klxnf] v'6\lsnf]

More information

jftfj/0flo clwsf/sf] nflu n8\g sfg'gsf] k of]u

jftfj/0flo clwsf/sf] nflu n8\g sfg'gsf] k of]u cg';"rl @M jftfj/0flo clwsf/sf] nflu n8\g sfg'gsf] k of]u dfgjclwsf/ / slxn]sfxlf jftfj/0flo clwsf/ -:jr5 / :j:yo jftfj/0fsf] clwsf/_ w]/} b]zsf sfg'gn] ;+/If0f u/]sf x'g5g\. o; k':tsdf dflg;x n] cfkm\gf]

More information

lzifssf nflu c;n ceof;: siffsf]7fdf ljb\ofyl{x?sf] Jojxf/ s'zn l;k ljsf; lj mofsnfk

lzifssf nflu c;n ceof;: siffsf]7fdf ljb\ofyl{x?sf] Jojxf/ s'zn l;k ljsf; lj mofsnfk lzifssf nflu c;n ceof;: siffsf]7fdf ljb\ofyl{x?sf] Jojxf/ s'zn l;k ljsf; lj mofsnfk 1 != kl/ro @= kf7\oj mddf Jojxf/ s'zn l;kx? g]kfnl ljb\ofyl{x?sf] nflu s] s:tf] Jojxf/ s'zn l;kx? cfjzos 5g\< ljb\ofyl{x?nfo{

More information

lxhf]sf lzifs lxhf]sf ljbfyl{ I #$ a]nfotsf :s"n lzifs ;Ddfg / cfsif{0f b'j} a9\bf]

lxhf]sf lzifs lxhf]sf ljbfyl{ I #$ a]nfotsf :sn lzifs ;Ddfg / cfsif{0f b'j} a9\bf] k yd cí cfj/0fm nlntk'/sf] kxf8l e]usf Ps lzifs. tl:a/m ls/0f kf08]. dfl;s df3 @)^$ SHIKSHAK Monthly January 2008 c;'/lift pk]lift lzifs g]kfnsf ljbfno:t/sf clwsf+z lzifsx zf/ll/s cfqmd0fsf] qf; of k]zfut

More information

lbuf] s[lif / g]kfnsf] efjl s[lif ljsf; /0fgLlt

lbuf] s[lif / g]kfnsf] efjl s[lif ljsf; /0fgLlt lbuf] s[lif / g]kfnsf] efjl s[lif ljsf; /0fgLlt ;}4flGts k[i7e"ld ælbuf]æ zabn] gnqlosg cljrlnt kdf lg/gt/ cufl8 al9/xg] cl:ttjsf] ljz]if0f hgfpf5. of] cfkm} +df cl:ttj gep/ s;}sf] u'0f jf sfo{ut Ifdtf;Fu

More information

;+ljwfg;ef. ;+ljwfg clen]v cwoog tyf lgsof}{n ;ldlt

;+ljwfg;ef. ;+ljwfg clen]v cwoog tyf lgsof}{n ;ldlt ;+ljwfg;ef ;+ljwfg clen]v cwoog tyf lgsof}{n ;ldlt cnk;+vos tyf ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/ ;+/If0f;ldltsf] k ltj]bgdf plnnlvt ljifodwo] ;xdltsf ljifox?sf] lgsof}{n ;DaGwL k ltj]bg, @)&! ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnl,

More information

s[lif cj{df ^ cj{ lk mh

s[lif cj{df ^ cj{ lk mh x/]s If0f x/] s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com g]kfnsf] klxnf] Nepal's First Agriculture Weekly jif{ ^ cí! @)&$ s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl{ agfcf}+, ;fpg ( ut] ;f]daf/ July 24, 2017 k/dk/fut

More information

;]jfyl{x?sf s]xl egfox?

;]jfyl{x?sf s]xl egfox? c+s'/ k/fdz{ s]gb sf ljlzi6 ;]jfx sf] Ps fns k m]08\; ckm lg8l lrn8«]g (Friend of Needy Children -FNC) sf] dgf];fdflhs k/fdz{ sfo{qmdcgtu{tsf] c+s'/ k/fdz{ s]gb (Ankur Counseling Center -ACC) ljut tlg

More information

g]kfn art tyf C0f s]gb Lo ;xsf/l ;+3 ln= NEPAL FEDERATION OF SAVINGS & CREDIT CO-OPERATIVE UNIONS LTD. NEFSCUN

g]kfn art tyf C0f s]gb Lo ;xsf/l ;+3 ln= NEPAL FEDERATION OF SAVINGS & CREDIT CO-OPERATIVE UNIONS LTD. NEFSCUN g]km\:s"g :dfl/sf g]km\:s"g :dfl/sf NEFSCUN SMARIKA 2018 g]kfn art tyf C0f s]gb Lo ;xsf/l ;+3 ln= NEPAL FEDERATION OF SAVINGS & CREDIT CO-OPERATIVE UNIONS LTD. NEFSCUN s]gb Lo sfof{nom goff afg]zj/, sf7df8f}+

More information

xfd f] af/]df ;]Sof]/ nfoenlx'8 l/;r{ sg;f]l6{od cf]e/l;h l8enkd]g6 ANofslk mo;{ /f]8, ng8g SE1 8NJ, la 6]g

xfd f] af/]df ;]Sof]/ nfoenlx'8 l/;r{ sg;f]l6{od cf]e/l;h l8enkd]g6 ANofslk mo;{ /f]8, ng8g SE1 8NJ, la 6]g xfd f] af/]df ;'/lift hlljsf]kfh{g cg';gwfg ;+sfo -P;Pncf/;L_ sf] p2]zo eg]sf] ågå k efljt cj:yfdf cfdhgtfn] s;/l cfkm\gf] hljg lgjf{x, ;Gtfgsf] lziff, :jf:yo ;DaGwdf Vofn u/]sf lyp / pglx df cgo cfwf/e"t

More information

lu g xfp;df wfgsf] Aof8

lu g xfp;df wfgsf] Aof8 ls;fg g]kfn s[lif sdkglsf] dfl;s klqsf ls;fg ;Gb]z complimentary copy jif{ # c+s!@, cfiff9!%, @)&@ [30 June 2015] lu g xfp;df wfgsf] Aof8 w w w. n e p a l k r i s h i. c o m 5fgf xfn]/ To;leq uf]ne] +8f

More information

afn ;+;f/sf s]xl k sfzgx

afn ;+;f/sf s]xl k sfzgx agr/f sf7sf t:s/x ck/fwl x'g\, hf] sf7 rf]g] { ck/fw u5{g\. pglx v sf6\5g\ / o;f] u/]/ hª\un df:g] sfd ub{5g\. hª\un dfl;of] eg] hljhgt' dfl;g5g\. k fs[lts jftfj/0f vnalng5. clg dfgj;eotfsf] hu xlnng5.

More information

hfgsf/l kq If]qut lgodgstf{sf] e"ldsf BRIEFING PAPER :jr5 k lt:kwf{sf] k j4{gdf c+s

hfgsf/l kq If]qut lgodgstf{sf] eldsf BRIEFING PAPER :jr5 k lt:kwf{sf] k j4{gdf c+s :jr5 k lt:kwf{sf] k j4{gdf If]qut stf{sf] e"ldsf cfly{s lqmofsnfkx df /fhosf] ;+UnUgtfnfO{ sd u/l lghl If]qsf] ;xeflutf qmdzm j[l4 u/fo{ cy{ {tgqnfo{ ahf/df cfwfl/t agfpg] gllt k fozm ljzjsf ;a} /fi6«n]

More information

g]kfn art tyf C0f s]gb Lo ;xsf/l ;+3 ln= NEPAL FEDERATION OF SAVINGS & CREDIT CO-OPERATIVE UNIONS LTD. NEFSCUN

g]kfn art tyf C0f s]gb Lo ;xsf/l ;+3 ln= NEPAL FEDERATION OF SAVINGS & CREDIT CO-OPERATIVE UNIONS LTD. NEFSCUN g]km\:s"g :dfl/sf g]km\:s"g :dfl/sf NEFSCUN SMARIKA 2018 g]kfn art tyf C0f s]gb Lo ;xsf/l ;+3 ln= NEPAL FEDERATION OF SAVINGS & CREDIT CO-OPERATIVE UNIONS LTD. NEFSCUN s]gb Lo sfof{nom goff afg]zj/, sf7df8f}+

More information

e"sdkaf6 Àg ;Sg] hg wgsf] Iflt Go"lgs/0fsf nflu hfgsf/l k'l:tsf

esdkaf6 Àg ;Sg] hg wgsf] Iflt Golgs/0fsf nflu hfgsf/l k'l:tsf e"sdkaf6 Àg ;Sg] hg wgsf] Iflt Go"lgs/0fsf nflu hfgsf/l k'l:tsf The JICA Project for Assessment of Earthquake Disaster Risk for the Kathmandu Valley k f/de g]kfndf cfpsf] lj=;+= @)&@, a}zfv!@ ut]sf] ljgfzsf/l

More information

Plk; ;]/fgfsf] ;fdfgo kl/ro

Plk; ;]/fgfsf] ;fdfgo kl/ro cwofo! Plk; ;]/fgfsf] ;fdfgo kl/ro (General Introduction to Apis cerana) Plk; ;]/fgfsf] dxtj Plk; ;]/fgf Pl;of dxfb]zdf dfq} kfog] epsf]n] o;nfo{ Pl;ofnL 3f/df}/L klg egg] ul/g5. of] df}/l g]kfnsf] k fs[lts

More information

;+jfxs. Sambahak. dfgj clwsf/ klqsf. jif{ # cí *

;+jfxs. Sambahak. dfgj clwsf/ klqsf. jif{ # cí * lh=k =sf=n=k'=b=g+= #@* D.A.O. Lalitpur: R.N. 328 ;+jfxs Sambahak dfgj clwsf/ klqsf Human Rights Journal jif{ # h]7 @)&% cí * Year 3 June 2018 Vol. 8 cfof]usf kbflwsf/lx? cwoif, dfgglo cg"k /fh zdf{ ;b:o,

More information

a'n]l6g dfgl;s :jf:yo tyf k/fdz{ s]gb g]kfnsf] jflif{s a'n]l6g jif{!%

a'n]l6g dfgl;s :jf:yo tyf k/fdz{ s]gb g]kfnsf] jflif{s a'n]l6g jif{!% a'n]l6g dfgl;s :jf:yo tyf k/fdz{ s]gb g]kfnsf] jflif{s a'n]l6g jif{!% c+s @$ d] @)!& 2 PSn} a:g?rfpg], dg cflqo/xg], sfd ug{ hffu/ gnfug], c?sf] s'/f ;'Gb}df emsf]{ nfug], lgb f gkg]{ jf af/daf/ cftdxtofsf]

More information

cleefjs ;lqmo ep ;lk G5 :s"n /f]rs ax; cltlysf] ctofrf/ jif{ # lzifs / nf7l Û Jun Jul 2010 :tde

cleefjs ;lqmo ep ;lk G5 :sn /f]rs ax; cltlysf] ctofrf/  jif{ # lzifs / nf7l Û Jun Jul 2010 :tde lhk sf nk' bg+ %# )^% )^^ dfl;s jif{ # k"0ff{í @& c;f/ @)^& Jun Jul 2010 cleefjs ;lqmo ep ;lk G5 :s"n cfj/0fm /ljg ;fo\ld ljbfno ;'wf/ of]hgf b]vfpfb} wflbª, d'/nle~hofªl:yt d]nldnfk s+sfnl k fljsf Joj:yfkg

More information

ljkb\df Ho]i7 gful/ssf] dxtj

ljkb\df Ho]i7 gful/ssf] dxtj ;DkfbsLo = = = ;Nnfxsf/ M /fh]gb bfxfn hlj/fd e08f/l ;Dkfbs k sfzs M s[i0fd'/fl/ uf}td -r6\ofª df:6/_ ;x ;Dkfbs M k sfz uf}td ;Dkfbg ;ldlt M e"ldbq kf}8]n dfl0fs /Tg zfso ;fljqf zdf{ Joj:yfks M ;~h' yfkf

More information

ls;fg 7Ug] k fëfl/s dn ;fx' k zf;gsf] kmgbfdf ;dfrf/ k efj g]kfnsf] klxnf]

ls;fg 7Ug] k fëfl/s dn ;fx' k zf;gsf] kmgbfdf ;dfrf/ k efj g]kfnsf] klxnf] x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com g]kfnsf] klxnf] Nepal's First Agriculture Weekly jif{ ^ cí!@ @)&$ c;f]h #) ut] ;f]daf/ October 16, 2017 d"no?=!) s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl{

More information

o;aif{ rf/;o d]l6«s 6g dfq ;'Gtnf laqml

o;aif{ rf/;o d]l6«s 6g dfq ;'Gtnf laqml { x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com g]kfnsf] klxnf] Nepal's First Agriculture Weekly jif{ ^ cí @# @)&$ k';!& ut] ;f]daf/ January 1, 2018 d"no?=!) s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl{ agfcf}+,

More information

;Dkbf Joj:yfkgsf] ^) jif{

;Dkbf Joj:yfkgsf] ^) jif{ Baha Occasional Papers 7 g]kfnl /fho / u}/ /fhosf] cu ;/tf /d]z /fo{ Baha Occasional Papers 7 g]kfnl /fho / u}/ /fhosf] cu ;/tf /d]z /fo{ Occasional Papers Series editor: Deepak Thapa /d]z /fo{, @)!%

More information

ADDCN ;fnsf] z'e lbkfjnl, g]kfn ;Dat\ tyf 57 kj{sf] xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf. pmhf{ nufgl kmf]/dsf] a}7s ;DkGg

ADDCN ;fnsf] z'e lbkfjnl, g]kfn ;Dat\ tyf 57 kj{sf] xflb{s d+undo z'esfdgf. pmhf{ nufgl kmf]/dsf] a}7s ;DkGg \\ ADDCN a'n]l6g Association of District Development Committees of Nepal lhnnf ljsf; ;ldlt dxf;+3 g]kfn Vol. 1 [Issue - 4] -lhnnf ljsf; ;ldlt dxf;+3 g]kfnsf] dfl;s O{ a'n]l6g_ 2011 Sept/October. {2068

More information

cgt/f{li6«o PsLs[t kj{tlo ljsf; s]gb

cgt/f{li6«o PsLs[t kj{tlo ljsf; s]gb Ol;df]8 af/] cgt/f{li6«o PsLs[t kj{tlo ljsf; s]gb (ICIMOD) cgt/f{li6«o PsLs[t kj{tlo ljsf; s]gb (ICIMOD) Ps :jtgq kj{tlo cwoog tyf 1fgsf] s]gb xf]. o; ;+:yfn] lxgb" s'z lxdfno If]qsf cf7 /fi6«x -ckmuflg:tfg,

More information

dgql / /fhodgqlsf] ;DjGw lrl;+b}

dgql / /fhodgqlsf] ;DjGw lrl;+b} { x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com kblo bflotj k"/f gug' { eg]sf] ;dfh / /fi6«sf nflu wf]sf xf] @)&# ;fn k'; $ ut] ;f]daf/ 1 jif{ % c!( @)&# k'; $ ut] ;f]daf/ Dec. 19, 2016

More information

cdfs{ ;Gb]z ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x sf] cfjfh cdfs{ cdfs{ cdfs{ Plzof k zfgt cwoif Eff/tbQ sf]o/fnfsf] ;fd'bflos :yfglo /]l8of]m ; 6sfnb]lv clxn];ddsf emns

cdfs{ ;Gb]z ;fd'bflos /]l8of]x sf] cfjfh cdfs{ cdfs{ cdfs{ Plzof k zfgt cwoif Eff/tbQ sf]o/fnfsf] ;fd'bflos :yfglo /]l8of]m ; 6sfnb]lv clxn];ddsf emns jif{! cí! h]7 @)^@ ;fd'bflos :yfglo /]l8of]m ; 6sfnb]lv clxn];ddsf emns Plzof k zfgt cwoif Eff/tbQ sf]o/fnfsf] ;Gb]z df3!(, @)^! zfxl 3f]if0ff x'fbfx'fb} PkmPd k ;f/0f ;+:yfx df ;z:q ;]gfsf] k j]z / dgf]/ghg

More information

nf]stflgqs u0ftgq g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo /fhg}lts :j?k M Ps ljrf/

nf]stflgqs u0ftgq g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo /fhg}lts :j?k M Ps ljrf/ nf]stflgqs u0ftgq g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo /fhg}lts :j?k M Ps ljrf/ a[if]z rgb nfn s]xl aif{ cl3 k ltudg la?4sf] cfgbf]ngdf phf{ kfpg] cfzfdf g]kfnsf k d'v /fhg}lts kf6l{x?sf s]gb Lo g]t[œjju{ cf cfkm\gf kf6l{x?df

More information

btf{ g} gepsf u'0f:t/lxg kz'k+iflsf cf}ifwl cfoft

btf{ g} gepsf u'0f:t/lxg kz'k+iflsf cf}ifwl cfoft s[lif x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com ;fktflxs @)&@ ;fn kmfu'g ( ut] cfotaf/ 1 jif{ $ c @( @)&@ kmfu'g ( ut] cfotaf/ ( Feb. 21, 2016 d"no?=!). btf{ g} gepsf u'0f:t/lxg

More information

;Dkfbs Editor >L lbjfs/ s]=;l= Mr. Deewakar K.C. >L eldaxfb/ kgy Mr. Bhim Bahadur Pantha

;Dkfbs Editor >L lbjfs/ s]=;l= Mr. Deewakar K.C. >L eldaxfb/ kgy Mr. Bhim Bahadur Pantha k sfzg ;Nnfxsf/ d08n / Publication Advisory Board k d'v ;Nnfxsf/ Chief Advisor >L lszf]/ s'df/ nfdf Mr. Kishor Kumar Lama cwoif Chairperson ;Nnfxsf/ Advisor >L af;'b]j anl Mr. Basudev Oli lgat{dfg cwoif

More information

sf+u ];nfo{dg gk/]kl5 rf}w/l s[lif dgql

sf+u ];nfo{dg gk/]kl5 rf}w/l s[lif dgql s[lif ;fktflxs x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com @)&# ;fn ;fpg @$ ut] ;f]daf/ 1 jif % c # @)&# ;fpg @$ ut] ;f]daf/ Aug 8, 2016 d"no?=!). s[lifsf] nufgl kf/blz agfcf} +, k/dk/fut

More information

The Voice of Madhesh. xfdln] g]skf;fu tlg bzsb]lv dw]z d'2f af]s]/ dw]zs]lgb t. xfdl ;dfof]hgsf lgs} rf;f]sf ;fy x]l/psf] 5.

The Voice of Madhesh. xfdln] g]skf;fu tlg bzsb]lv dw]z d'2f af]s]/ dw]zs]lgb t. xfdl ;dfof]hgsf lgs} rf;f]sf ;fy x]l/psf] 5. jif M!$, cs M #%, sf7df8f}, 21 December 2018, Friday k[i7 M *, d"no M!) /fli6«o Pstf, /fli6«otf / dw]zjfbk lt ;dlkt www.madheshvani.com /fli6«o ;fktflxs zltnx/n] hghljg si6s/ l;/xf. df};ddf cfpsf] kl/jtg

More information

ul/al lgjf/0f sf]if k/fdz{bftf M &! sf7df8f}+

ul/al lgjf/0f sf]if k/fdz{bftf M &! sf7df8f}+ ul/al lgjf/0f sf]if zx/l ul/alsf ljljw kifsf] ] cwoog tyf pko' 'Qm sfof{ {Gjog ;+ +ogqsf] ] klxrfg k/fdz{bftf M ljzjde/ Kofs' ' ofn cf]d\ \w/fggb /fhf]kfwofo cf=j= @)&) &! sf7df8f}+ 0 zx/l ul/alsf ljljw

More information

cflbjf;l hghflt cfgbf]ngdf /fho ;+ogqúsf] ;Gbe{

cflbjf;l hghflt cfgbf]ngdf /fho ;+ogqúsf] ;Gbe{ gllt 5nkmn kq - @/@)!# cflbjf;l hghflt cfgbf]ngdf /fho ;+ogqúsf] ;Gbe{ /d]z /fo{ PnfoG; km/ ;f];n 8fonu gllt cwoog km]nf]l;k @)!# l8;]da/ @)!# www.asd.org.np s[t1tf gllt;dagwl cg';gwfg d]/f nflu ljns'n

More information

cw c o W og g k l k tj t ]b j g

cw c o W og g k l k tj t ]b j g cwoog k ltj]bg k sfzs g]kfn sfg"g ;dfh cgfdgu/, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn kf]=a=g+=!#@!! ;jf{lwsf/ g]kfn sfg"g ;dfh k sflzt ldlt @)^^ h]i7 (June 2009) k sfzg k lt!))) d'b 0f jf0fl ckm;]6 d'b 0ffno 6]s', sf7df08f}

More information

s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl{ agfcf} +, k/dk/fut xf]og Joj;flos agf} +, s'/fsf] v]tl xf]og, v]tlsf] s'/f u/f} +.

s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl{ agfcf} +, k/dk/fut xf]og Joj;flos agf} +, s'/fsf] v]tl xf]og, v]tlsf] s'/f u/f} +. s[lif x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com ;fktflxs @)&$ ;fn j}zfv @% ut] ;f]daf/ 1 jif % c #* @)&$ j}zfv @% ut] ;f]daf/ May. 8, 2017 d"no?=!). s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl agfcf}

More information

NEPAL NATIONAL SECTOR EXPORT STRATEGY TEA. Government of Nepal

NEPAL NATIONAL SECTOR EXPORT STRATEGY TEA. Government of Nepal NEPAL NATIONAL SECTOR EXPORT STRATEGY TEA 2017-2021 Government of Nepal This national sector export strategy was developed on the basis of the process, methodology and technical assistance of the International

More information

;fktflxs. xxx/bcijzboxfflmz/dpn

;fktflxs. xxx/bcijzboxfflmz/dpn ABHIYAN WEEKLY xxx/bcijzboxfflmz/dpn abhiyan.weekly@yahoo.com jif{ M #$ c+s M @# @)&# df3 & ut] z'qmaf/ 20 Jan., 2016 d"no =!) ;f+;bsf] d"no % s/f]8 < sf7df8f} +. h;/l klg ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg k :tfj kfl/t

More information

xfd f] kfqf]df goff ;'ljwf vfnlv' ] dlxnf 8fS6/ gflosfnfo{ Do'lhs lel8of]sf] e/ leotgfdsf] cfggbbfol 3'dfO HOT NEPAL Monthly

xfd f] kfqf]df goff ;'ljwf vfnlv' ] dlxnf 8fS6/ gflosfnfo{ Do'lhs lel8of]sf] e/ leotgfdsf] cfggbbfol 3'dfO HOT NEPAL Monthly Vol. 3, Issue 23, September-October, 2015 HOT NEPAL Monthly jif{ #, k"0ff{ª\s @#, c;f]h @)&@, d"no #). gflosfnfo{ Do'lhs lel8of]sf] e/ leotgfdsf] cfggbbfol 3'dfO xfd f] kfqf]df goff ;'ljwf vfnlv' ] dlxnf

More information

cfufdl jif{ ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug{ of]hgfdf bjfj

cfufdl jif{ ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug{ of]hgfdf bjfj s[lif x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com ;fktflxs @)&$ ;fn j}zfv!! ut] ;f]daf/ 1 jif{ % c #^ @)&$ j}zfv!! ut] ;f]daf/ April. 23, 2017 d"no?=!). s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl{ agfcf}

More information

tlg aiflo{ /0fg}lts of]hgf &)_

tlg aiflo{ /0fg}lts of]hgf  &)_ lhnnf ljsf; ;ldlt dxf;+3 g]kfnsf] tlg aiflo{ /0fg}lts of]hgf -cf=j= @)^^ ^& @)^( &)_ tof/ ug]{ lhnnf ljsf; ;ldlt dxf;+3 g]kfn ;fg]kf, nlntk'/ g]kfn lhlj; dxf;+3 g]kfn k]h 1 b:tfj]h lhnnf ljsf; ;ldlt dxf;+3sf]

More information

/fhkfåf/f dw];nfo{ wf]sf

/fhkfåf/f dw];nfo{ wf]sf ABHIYAN WEEKLY xxx/bcijzboxfflmz/dpn abhiyan.weekly@yahoo.com jif{ M #$ c+s M $% 30 June, 2017 d"no =!) ;'j]bl d'vo /lhi6f/ sf7df8f}+. g]kfnsf] Oltxf;d} Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] s]xl lbg klxnf a;]sf] a}7sn]

More information

a'4jrgfd[t dqf ;'vkl/rrfuf k:;] r] ljk'n+ ;'v+. rh] dqf ;'v+ wl/f] ;Dk:;+ ljk'n+ ;'v+.. jflif{s =!%) Psk lt jflif{s u fxs agl ;xof]u u/f} +.

a'4jrgfd[t dqf ;'vkl/rrfuf k:;] r] ljk'n+ ;'v+. rh] dqf ;'v+ wl/f] ;Dk:;+ ljk'n+ ;'v+.. jflif{s =!%) Psk lt jflif{s u fxs agl ;xof]u u/f} +. @)&$ - Nx'lt k'lgx r}qk"l0f{df_ jif{ $% c+s!@ a'=;+= @%^! g]=;+=!!#* k d'v ;Nnfxsf/M leif' d}ql dxf:ylj/ -k d'v, cf= s'= lj=_ ;Nnfxsf/ M leif' wd{d"lt{ -sfo{jfxs k d'v, cf=s'=lj=_ ;Dkfbs k sfzg ;+of]hsm

More information

bf]/daf / df8l legg 36gf, ;dfg d'2f

bf]/daf / df8l legg 36gf, ;dfg d'2f M z[ª\vnf @ bf]/daf / df8l legg 36gf, ;dfg d'2f ågåsf] ;dodf epsf dfgjclwsf/ pnnª\3gsf k ltlglwd"ns 36gfsf] ;ª\lIfKt ljzn]if0f cg';gwfg n]vg sf]if/fh Gof}kfg] dfwjk ;fb uf}td ;~ho cof{n M z[ª\vnf @ bf]/daf

More information

d]/f] /]8qm; syf ;Nnfxsf/ ;~hlj yfkf b]j/tg wfvjf nlnt h+u zfxl d's'gbaxfb'/ k wfg OGb axfb'/ s]=;l=

d]/f] /]8qm; syf ;Nnfxsf/ ;~hlj yfkf b]j/tg wfvjf nlnt h+u zfxl d's'gbaxfb'/ k wfg OGb axfb'/ s]=;l= d]/f] /]8qm; syf ;Nnfxsf/ ;~hlj yfkf b]j/tg wfvjf nlnt h+u zfxl d's'gbaxfb'/ k wfg OGb axfb'/ s]=;l= ;Dkfbg k'ik/fh kf}8]n lji0f'xl/ b]jsf]6f lbjo/fh kf}8]n ;+sng ;Dkfbg ;xof]ul g/]gb >]i7 k'ikf vgfn Zofdxl/

More information

n3'ljqn] lxddt a9fof] x]dfsf]

n3'ljqn] lxddt a9fof] x]dfsf] ;do kl/jt{glzn 5, b'mv kl5sf] ;'v cg'ej ug{ d]xgt / OdfGbf/Ltf vffrf] x'g5 egg] s'/fsf] Ps HjnGt pbfx/0f x'g\ x]df s'df/l yfkf. ldlt @)#@ ;fn r}q @^ ut] :ofëhf lhnnf la?jf cr{n] uflj;sf]? gu]gb /fh kf}8]n

More information

s[lif sd{df /dfp b}k"j{ dgqlx? ;ldiffsf gfddf s[lifsf] nfvf} + ah]6 vr{ sfd s'/f] Psflt/ emf]nf jf]sl lhnnflt/ vfb k ljlwdf klg cj}w v]n k]h * df

s[lif sd{df /dfp b}kj{ dgqlx? ;ldiffsf gfddf s[lifsf] nfvf} + ah]6 vr{ sfd s'/f] Psflt/ emf]nf jf]sl lhnnflt/ vfb k ljlwdf klg cj}w v]n k]h * df { { s[lif x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com ;fktflxs @)&@ ;fn d+l;/ @) ut] cfotaf/ 1 jif{ $ c!( @)&@ d+l;/ @) ut] cfotaf/ ( Dec.6, 2015 d"no?=!). k zf;g ;+ogq lj?å pbf]u

More information

sfnldf6l t/sf/l ahf/ leqsf] cg';gwfg /f]lsof]

sfnldf6l t/sf/l ahf/ leqsf] cg';gwfg /f]lsof] s[lif x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com ;fktflxs @)&@ ;fn df3 # ut] cfotaf/ 1 jif $ c @% @)&@ df3 # ut] cfotaf/ ( Jan. 17, 2016 d"no?=!). k'ik Joj;fo k jbg ug] gfddf dgqfnosf]

More information

s[lifdf a} +sx?sf] nufgl kf r k ltzt egbf sd /fi6«a}ssf] lgb] {zg ntofp b} afl0fho a}sx? of]u]gb k tfk zfxl

s[lifdf a} +sx?sf] nufgl kf r k ltzt egbf sd /fi6«a}ssf] lgb] {zg ntofp b} afl0fho a}sx? of]u]gb k tfk zfxl { www.krishionline.com df klg x]g{ ;Sg' x'g]5. jif{ # c #@ ljiffbl o'qm Eff/tLo cf k ahf/df 5Øfk5ØfKtL sf7df8f}+. ;/sf/ ljiffblo'qm t/sf/l /f]s nufpg ;lqmo epsf a]nf sf7df8f} +sf ahf/df eg] ljiffblk of]u

More information

o]z" v Li6sf] syf David C Cook

o]z v Li6sf] syf David C Cook o]z" v Li6sf] syf of] o]z" v Li6sf] ;ffrf] syf xf]. o]z" dflg; x'g'x'gyof], t/ dflg;egbf klg dxfg\ x'g'x'gyof]. pxff k/d]zj/sf Psdfq k'q x'g'x'g5. xf], pxff zlsqzfnl x'g'x'gyof]. atf; All / ;d'b n] Rights

More information

gful/s kqsfl/tf kqsf/ gf/fo0f sfsl{sf] 3/ -k5fl8 b]lvpsf]_ Go"/f]8 d"n ;8sdf hf]8]/ /flvpsf] sjf8l

gful/s kqsfl/tf kqsf/ gf/fo0f sfsl{sf] 3/ -k5fl8 b]lvpsf]_ Go/f]8 dn ;8sdf hf]8]/ /flvpsf] sjf8l + { cff6 tkfo{sf] ;fy xfd f] artdf jflif{s Aofhb/ ^=%)Ü sf:sl kmfogfg; lnld6]8 KASKI FINANCE LIMITED New Road, Pokhara Ph: 061-523011, 523733 Fax: 061-523699, P.B.: 244 e-mail: kafil@pinet.com.np tkfo{sf]

More information

Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. III (December 2014)

Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. III (December 2014) gf/ljfb / ltg 3'DtL pkgof;df gf/ljfbl lrgtg nidlz/0f clwsf/l!= ljifo p7fg Gff/Ljfb ;flxltos ;dfnf]rgf jt{dfg o'udf ;~rflnt To:tf] /fhg}lts cfgbf]ng xf] h;sf] p2]zo hljgsf] JofVof ug{' dfq gep/ lkt[;qfåf/f

More information

r]kfª, lrp/l / rd]/f

r]kfª, lrp/l / rd]/f r]kfª, lrp/l / rd]/f r]kfª, lrp/l / rd]/f n]vg 8f= k'ik/fh cfrfo{ ;Dkfbg r'gaxfb'/ u'?ª of] ;+/If0f k'l:tsfsf] k'/} jf s'g} efu ;+/If0f k of]hgsf nflu k"j{ l:js[lt lnp/ s'g} klg?kdf k of]u tyf k'g k sfzg

More information

April 2, c3f{vffrlsf Psn====

April 2, c3f{vffrlsf Psn==== x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com g]kfnsf] klxnf] Nepal's First Agriculture Weekly jif{ ^ cí #% @)&$ s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl{ agfcf}+, gjf}+ /fli6«o cfn"==== r}q!( ut] ;f]daf/

More information

;+;bsf kf r 7"nf bn j}zfv #! d} lgjf{rg u/fpg ;xdt

;+;bsf kf r 7nf bn j}zfv #! d} lgjf{rg u/fpg ;xdt ABHIYAN WEEKLY xxx/bcijzboxfflmz/dpn abhiyan.weekly@yahoo.com jif{ M #$ c+s M #% @)&$ j}zfv * ut] z'qmaf/ 21 Apr., 2017 d"no =!) lgjf{rg ;fg]{ s+fu ];sf] v]n sf7df8f}. :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg cfpg ca @@ lbgdfq

More information

;+:yfgn] b"w glslglbpkl5 ls;fgn] ;8sdf kf]v] ldns] xf]nl 8] agfpg] if8\ogq a'gb} b'uw ;+:yfgsf dxfk jgws of]ug] b k tfk zfxl

;+:yfgn] bw glslglbpkl5 ls;fgn] ;8sdf kf]v] ldns] xf]nl 8] agfpg] if8\ogq a'gb} b'uw ;+:yfgsf dxfk jgws of]ug] b k tfk zfxl s[lifx/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com @)&@ ;fn efb!# ut] cfotaf/ ;fktflxs jif{ $ c & @)&@ efb!# ut] cfotaf/ ( Aug 30, 2015 1 d"no?=!). ;+:yfgn] b"w glslglbpkl5 ls;fgn] ;8sdf

More information

bfhl{lnªdf g]kfnl hflt / hghftlo lrgf/lsf gof c*fgx

bfhl{lnªdf g]kfnl hflt / hghftlo lrgf/lsf gof c*fgx bfhl{lnªdf g]kfnl hflt / hghftlo lrgf/lsf gof c*fgx s'df/ k wfg ;f];n ;fog; axfmåf/f 18 cu:6 2004 df sdnkf]v/ll:yt ;L ;f+:s[lts s]gb, sf7df8f} Fdf cfof]lht ;efdf 8f= s'df/ k wfgåf/f lbopsf] JofVofgsf]

More information

/0fgLlt lgdf{0fdf ;+nug JolQmx? g} ljjfb lgsfnb} jl; aif] { s[lif /0fgLlt g]kfnl ls;fgsf kifdf gepsf] cf/f]k of]u]gb k tfk zfxl

/0fgLlt lgdf{0fdf ;+nug JolQmx? g} ljjfb lgsfnb} jl; aif] { s[lif /0fgLlt g]kfnl ls;fgsf kifdf gepsf] cf/f]k of]u]gb k tfk zfxl s[lif x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com ;fktflxs @)&@ ;fn efb @) ut] cfotaf/ 1 jif $ c * @)&@ efb @) ut] cfotaf/ ( Sept 06, 2015 d"no?=!). /0fgLlt lgdf0fdf ;+nug JolQmx?

More information

#* nfvsf] s[lif xfd f] hljg ljjfbdf

#* nfvsf] s[lif xfd f] hljg ljjfbdf { s[lif ;fktflxs x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com @)&# ;fn ;fpg #! ut] ;f]daf/ 1 jif{ % c $ @)&# ;fpg #! ut] ;f]daf/ Aug 15, 2016 d"no?=!). s[lifsf] nufgl kf/blz{ agfcf}

More information

cfdx8\tfn;ddsf ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs

cfdx8\tfn;ddsf ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs Bargadristi Weekly 8an g]skf kl/tofu @)&% u/l d+l;/ qmflgtsf/l @$ ut] dfcf]jfbldf ;f]daf/ k j]z Bargadristi Weekly k"0ff{ª\s!@@ Monday, Dec. 10, 2018 k[i7 * d"no?=!). cfdx8\tfn;ddsf ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd ;fj{hlgs

More information

df6f]sf] nflu pj{/fzlqm

df6f]sf] nflu pj{/fzlqm ' www.krishionline.com df klg x]g ;Sg' x'g]5. x/]s If0f x/]s lbg d'n'sdf epsf s[lif ;dfrf/sf nflu Û jif @ c $^ @)&! efb )! ut] cfotaf/ 17 August. 2014 d"no?=!). af9ln] %) la3fdf kflnpsf] df5f aufof] lrtjg.

More information

Monthly. Vol. 2, Issue 11, September-October, k"0ff{ª\s!!, d"no #). HOT NEPAL N

Monthly. Vol. 2, Issue 11, September-October, k0ff{ª\s!!, dno #). HOT NEPAL N Vol. 2, Issue 11, September-October, 2014 HOT NEPAL N Monthly jif{ @, k"0ff{ª\s!!, c;f]h @)&!, d"no #). lsgd]n kj{ ;]lna ]6Lsf] bz}+ /f}gs df;' :j:yfs/ agfpg] Sept-October tl/sf t er 2014 ;'glnsf] HOT

More information

;'v] {tdf!) s/f]8sf] nufgldf zlt e08f/ lgdf{0f x'g]

;'v] {tdf!) s/f]8sf] nufgldf zlt e08f/ lgdf{0f x'g] www.krishionline.com df klg x]g ;Sg' x'g]5. jif # c #) @)&! r}q!% ut] cfotaf/ ( Mar. 29, 2015 d"no?=!). www.nimbusnepal.com x/]s If0f x/]s lbg d'n'sdf epsf s[lif ;dfrf/sf nflu www.krishionline.com ;'v]

More information

g]kfndf e"ld /fhgllt / ågå

g]kfndf eld /fhgllt / ågå g]kfndf e"ld /fhgllt / ågå u fdl0f kfgt/0fsf oyfy{ / ;Defjgfx -g]kfnl cg'jfb_ c+u ]hl ;+:s/0f ;Dkfbg 8f= lji0f'/fh pk ]tl 8f= ;fu/ /fh zdf{ hut a:g]t g]kfnl cg'jfb ;kmn l3ld/] k sfzs cg';gwfgdf biftfsf]

More information

o;sf/0f hljgnfo{ /f]h Û

o;sf/0f hljgnfo{ /f]h Û kf:6/ tyf cu'jfx sf] k of]usf] lgldt o;sf/0f hljgnfo{ /f]h Û æclxn] hljg /f]h ls ltdl / ltd f afnarrf lhpg ;s"g\ / ltdln] k/d]zj/nfo{ dfof ug{ ;s. pxffsf] cfjfh ;'Gg / pxffdf /xg ;s.æ Joj:yf #)M!( izksdyse

More information

;/sf/l lgzfg 5fkd} sfnfkfgl ufoa

;/sf/l lgzfg 5fkd} sfnfkfgl ufoa qmflgtsf/l o'jf lnu @)&% @ g+= ebf} k b]zn] @% ut] a'emfof] ;f]daf/ 1fkg kq k"0ff{ª\s!!! Monday, Sept. 10, 2018 k[i7 * d"no?=!). ;/sf/l lgzfg 5fkd} sfnfkfgl ufoa ju{b[li6 ;+jfbbftf sf7df8f}+. jiff}{b]lv

More information

g]kfndf lxp lrt'jfsf] ;+/If0f s/g axfb'/ zfx x]d;fu/

g]kfndf lxp lrt'jfsf] ;+/If0f s/g axfb'/ zfx x]d;fu/ s/g axfb'/ zfx x]d;fu/ a/fn @)^( of] lstfa k sfzgsf nflu cfly{s ;xof]u :gf] n]k8{ g]6js{sf] :gf] n]k8{ sghe]{zg u fg6 cgtu{t pknaw u/fopsf] xf]. ;j{;fwf/0fdf lxdfnl If]qsf] k s[lt ;DaGwL cle lr a9fo{ ltgsf]

More information

kf]v/fnfo{ cgt/f{li6«o ko{6slo ugtjo agfp 5f}+

kf]v/fnfo{ cgt/f{li6«o ko{6slo ugtjo agfp 5f}+ Vol. 1/No.1 s'gldª kf]v/f e d0f kmnbfol ldt]/l ko{6gsf] gof k of]udf xf]6nsdl{ March-April 2011 kf]v/fnfo{ cgt/f{li6«o ko{6slo ugtjo agfp 5f}+?kgf/fo0f 9sfn kf]v/f M ko{6slo kf]v/f / ;du g]kfnnfo{ cgt/f{li6«o

More information

kl/toqm dw]; M lnvtåf/f s}b g]kfnl /fli6«otf

kl/toqm dw]; M lnvtåf/f s}b g]kfnl /fli6«otf kl/toqm dw]; M lnvtåf/f s}b g]kfnl /fli6«otf ef:s/ uf}td dw];;dagwl cwoog dw];l lj?4 ljutdf epsf] cgofo, pglx?sf] klxrfgdf ptkgg ;+s6, kl/toqm dw];lx sf] xsclwsf/ljxlg cj:yf, g]kfnl /fhodf pglx?sf] gu0o

More information

s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl{ agfcf} +, k/dk/fut xf]og Joj;flos agf} +, s'/fsf] v]tl xf]og, v]tlsf] s'/f u/f} +.

s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl{ agfcf} +, k/dk/fut xf]og Joj;flos agf} +, s'/fsf] v]tl xf]og, v]tlsf] s'/f u/f} +. { s[lif x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com ;fktflxs @)&$ ;fn j}zfv!* ut] ;f]daf/ 1 jif{ % c #& @)&$ j}zfv!* ut] ;f]daf/ May. 1, 2017 d"no?=!). s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl{ agfcf}

More information

s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl{ agfcf} +, k/dk/fut xf]og Joj;flos agf} +, s'/fsf] v]tl xf]og, v]tlsf] s'/f u/f} +.

s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl{ agfcf} +, k/dk/fut xf]og Joj;flos agf} +, s'/fsf] v]tl xf]og, v]tlsf] s'/f u/f} +. s[lif x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com ;fktflxs @)&# ;fn kmfu'g @# ut] ;f]daf/ 1 jif{ % c @( @)&# kmfu'g @# ut] ;f]daf/ Mar. 6, 2017 d"no?=!). s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl{ agfcf}

More information

af}nfxf kf]v/l bf]nvf ;+/If)fdf wd{, ;+:s[lt / k/dk/fsf] dxtj

af}nfxf kf]v/l bf]nvf ;+/If)fdf wd{, ;+:s[lt / k/dk/fsf] dxtj af}nfxf kf]v/l bf]nvf ;+/If)fdf wd{, ;+:s[lt / k/dk/fsf] dxtj cui6 @))* 8An' 8An' Pkm g]kfn åf/f k sflzt o; k sfzgsf] k"0f{ cyjf cf+lzs c+z k'gm k sfzg ug{' k/] zlif{s tyf k sfzsdf lglxt ;jf{lwsf/ clgjfo{

More information

kf7s / u fxssf] ;'ljwfsf] nflu ;fktflxs j]j;fo8df klg

kf7s / u fxssf] ;'ljwfsf] nflu ;fktflxs j]j;fo8df klg cleofg @)&# c;f/!) ut] z'qmaf/ ;fktflxs kf7s / u fxssf] ;'ljwfsf] nflu ;fktflxs j]j;fo8df klg www.abhiyanweekly.com ABHIYAN WEEKLY Email: abhiyan.weekly@yahoo.com ;fktflxs af6f] v'nof] lgo'lqmsf] sf7df8f}

More information

;lrj e /fon] lbp clvtof/nfo{ bf]if

;lrj e /fon] lbp clvtof/nfo{ bf]if s[lif ;fktflxs x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu www.krishionline.com @)&# ;fn efb ^ ut] ;f]daf/ 1 jif{ % c % @)&# efb ^ ut] ;f]daf/ Aug 22, 2016 d"no?=!). s[lifsf] nufgl kf/blz{ agfcf} +, k/dk/fut

More information

>L s'df/l a}+s lnld6]8sf] Affx«f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o ljj/0f

>L s'df/l a}+s lnld6]8sf] Affx«f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o ljj/0f >L s'df/l a}+s lnld6]8sf] Affx«f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{o ljj/0f >L s'df/l a}+s lnld6]8sf] afx«f}+ jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;~rfns ;ldltsf cwoif >L g"/ k tfk h=a=/f0ffho"sf] cwoiftfdf b]xfo adf]lhd ul/

More information

;+ljwfg c;kmn x'g] vt/f

;+ljwfg c;kmn x'g] vt/f «} ABHIYAN WEEKLY xxx/bcijzboxfflmz/dpn abhiyan.weekly@yahoo.com jif M #$ c+s M $# 16 June, 2017 d"no =!) eut l;+x ulh +bf xlnnof] l;+xb/jf/ emfdfly cfqmd0fsf] k of; sf7df8f}. ut cfotaf/ sfofnoaf6 cfkm\gf]

More information

(=;~rf/ k yd dlxnf ;Dkfbs ;fwgf k wfg

(=;~rf/ k yd dlxnf ;Dkfbs ;fwgf k wfg (=;~rf/ k yd dlxnf ;Dkfbs ;fwgf k wfg g]kfnsf] kqsfl/tfsf] Oltxf;df k yd dlxnf ;Dkfbs ;fwgf k wfgsf] hgd ;g\!(*# df sf7df8f}+sf] c;gdf epsf] xf]. a'af z+s/nfn k wfg / dftf /Dafb]jL k wfgsf] h]i7 ;'k'ql

More information

sdnf ;?k xf]dgfy ;'j]bl

sdnf ;?k xf]dgfy ;'j]bl sdnf ;?k xf]dgfy ;'j]bl gf/l x:tfif/sf nflu :jul{o >L l8nnl/fd ltdl;gf :d[lt cgt/f{li6«o g]kfnl ;flxto ;dfh ;jf]{ts[i6 k':ts k'/:sf/ ljhol sdnf ;?ksf] kl/ro xf]. M cfhsl rlr{t syfsf/ / kqsf/, sdnf ;?k

More information

kf7s / u fxssf] ;'ljwfsf] nflu ;fktflxs j]j;fo8df klg Pdfcf]jfbLleq sf]tkj{sf] ;+s]t

kf7s / u fxssf] ;'ljwfsf] nflu ;fktflxs j]j;fo8df klg  Pdfcf]jfbLleq sf]tkj{sf] ;+s]t cleofg @)&) df3 # ut] z'qmaf/ ;fktflxs kf7s / u fxssf] ;'ljwfsf] nflu ;fktflxs j]j;fo8df klg www.abhiyanweekly.com ABHIYAN WEEKLY Email: abhiyan.weekly@yahoo.com ;fktflxs hf bf hf b} %) nfv em\jfd sf7df8f}

More information

;'ld/g s/n] dgf /fwf c /fwf /dgf..

;'ld/g s/n] dgf /fwf c /fwf /dgf.. btf{ g+= %^ )^@ ^# d=if]=x'=lg=b=g+= )& )^& ^* hub\u' Qd kbåf/f lje""lift hub\u'? >L s[kfn'' hl dxf/fh jif{!$, c ( -k"0ff{!$)_ E-mail: info@ssdham.org / media@ssdham.org / Website : www.divineclubworldwide.org

More information

sfg"gl ;xfotf lbubz{g lgdf{0fsf] Oltxf;

sfggl ;xfotf lbubz{g lgdf{0fsf] Oltxf; lgdf{0fsf] Oltxf; sf] ;f]r o'/f]lkog o'lgog Conflict Mitigation Programme II sf] kl/of]hgfsf] ;DaGwdf Partner organization ;Fu cfjzos u[xsfo{ eo/x]sf] ;dodf cfpsf] xf]. g]kfndf s/la @) jif{egbf a9l ;dob]lv

More information

g]kfnl blnt ;d'bfo;dagwl n]vgsf] ;dliff

g]kfnl blnt ;d'bfo;dagwl n]vgsf] ;dliff g]kfnl blnt ;d'bfo;dagwl n]vgsf] ;dliff.5 2. blnt n]vgsf] k j[lq g]kfnl blnt ;d'bfo;dagwl n]vgsf] ;dliff. 1 ;dtf ;dliff kq ;g\ @)!@ blnt n]vgsf] k j[lq g]kfnl blnt ;d'bfo;dagwl n]vgsf] ;dliff 2. blnt n]vgsf]

More information

/fw] gfd n]g] jfnf uf]lj+b /fw]. ejl;gw' sf] el /;l;gw' agf b]..

/fw] gfd n]g] jfnf uf]lj+b /fw]. ejl;gw' sf] el /;l;gw' agf b].. btf{ g+= %^ )^@ ^# jif{!$, c ^ -k"0ff{!#&_ d=if]=x'=lg=b=g+= )& )^& ^* E-mail: info@ssdham.org / media@ssdham.org / Website : www.divineclubworldwide.org /fw] gfd n]g] jfnf uf]lj+b /fw]. ejl;gw' sf] el

More information

FOOD AND LIFE STYLE FOR CANCER PATIENTS

FOOD AND LIFE STYLE FOR CANCER PATIENTS Appendix: I FOOD AND LIFE STYLE FOR CANCER PATIENTS Instructions to Patient Dear friends: I am conducting a research on use of Natural Food Products on Preventing Bone Marrow Depression in Cancer Patients

More information

lhnnfx?sf] sfo{;dkfbg d"nofíg

lhnnfx?sf] sfo{;dkfbg dnofíg lhnnfx?sf] sfo{;dkfbg d"nofíg -lhnnf:t/af6 k bfg ul/psf :jf:yo ;]jfx?sf] cfwf/df _ cf=j=@)^ ^^ hg:jf:yo k zf;g, cg'udg tyf d"nofíg dxfzfvf :jf:yo tyf hg;+vof dgqfno c;f/, @)^& Acronyms A&R AHW ANC

More information

g]kfnsf ljiffn' ;k{x tl:a/ ;lxtsf] lgb]{lzsf P;=s]= zdf{, l8=kl= kf08], s]=al= zfx, Pkm= l6nofs, Pkm= Rofk'lo;, ;L=Pn= yfkf, O{= Pln/f]n / p= s'v

g]kfnsf ljiffn' ;k{x tl:a/ ;lxtsf] lgb]{lzsf P;=s]= zdf{, l8=kl= kf08], s]=al= zfx, Pkm= l6nofs, Pkm= Rofk'lo;, ;L=Pn= yfkf, O{= Pln/f]n / p= s'v g]kfnsf ljiffn' ;k{x tl:a/ ;lxtsf] lgb]{lzsf P;=s]= zdf{, l8=kl= kf08], s]=al= zfx,, Pkm= Rofk'lo;, ;L=Pn= yfkf, O{= Pln/f]n / p= s'v If you are bitten by a snake 1. Don't panic. Most snakes are not dangerous,

More information

o's]af ofsy'ixfc vf;fd nfddf]

o's]af ofsy'ixfc vf;fd nfddf] { k]nl X cg'/f]w ÛÛ cfglc cfb'ddlnn[ ofsy'i kfmgbfig' kffl. ci[msjff[ v'gplc dli ofsy'i kfmgbfig' o'sv'd. cflg< cfb'lddn]þ ofsy'ª kfmgbfª\g' kfl/.. cª]þsjf/]þ v'lg5< ldª\ ofsy'ª\ kfmgbfª\g' o'sv'd\.. dlsm'cnf

More information