s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl{ agfcf} +, k/dk/fut xf]og Joj;flos agf} +, s'/fsf] v]tl xf]og, v]tlsf] s'/f u/f} +.

Transcription

1 s[lif x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu ;fn ut] ;f]daf/ 1 jif % c ut] ;f]daf/ May. 8, 2017 d"no?=!). s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl agfcf} +, k/dk/fut xf]og Joj;flos agf} +, s'/fsf] v]tl xf]og, v]tlsf] s'/f u/f} +. ls;fgsf nflu Pdfn]sf] gf/f M s[lifdf cfw'lgsls/0f Pdfn]sf] ;/sf/ ag]sf] Ps jifleq} /fi6«jofkl gfkl z'? u/l e"ldsf] oyfy clen] /fvg] ;d]t atfpsf] 5. ljzje/ vfb ;'/Iffsf] s'/f pl7/x]sf a]nf Pdfnn] eg] b'ojifleq g]kfnnfo cfwf/e"t vfbfggdf cftdlge/ agfpgsf nflu s[lif of]uo hldg rsnfjgbl u/l Pdfn]s} ;/sf/sf] kfnfdf 3f]if0ff ul/psf] k wfgdgql s[lif cfw'lgsls/0f kl/of]hgfdf pnn]v ep cg'?k ;'k/ hf]g, hf]g, Jns / ks]6 If]qsf cfw'lgs kmfdx?sf] ljsf; ug] k ltj4tf ls;fgx? dfem nu]sf] 5. ;'k/ hf]g, hf]g, Jns / ks]6 jf+sl k]h # df sf7df8f} +. al; aifkl5 cfufdl j}zfv #! ut] :yfglo txsf] lgjfrg x'g nflu/x]s]f 5. :yfglo -ufp kflnsf / gu/kflnsf_ sf] lgjfrgsf nflu g]kfnl sf+u ];, Pdfn] dfcf]jfbl s]gb nufotsf /fhgllts bnx?n] ;+;blo lgjfrg h:t} u/l cf cfkm\g} gf/f lnp/ dtbftf ;dif k'ug yfn]sf 5g\. /fhgllts bnx?n] k fo M lgjfrgdf cfkm\gf 3f]if0ff kqdf s[lif If]qsf] ljifodf TolQ w]/} gv'n] klg clxn] s[lif If]qnfO ;j}n] k fyldstf lbp h:t} ul//x]sf 5g\. s[lif If]qdf cfkm"nfo km/s 9+un] peofpg vf]h]sf] dfcf]jfbl s]gb n] k'/fg} sfoqmdsf] gfd yf]/} kl/dfhg u/] h:t} u/]sf] b]lvg5. g]kfnl sf+u ]; eg] ls;fgsf kifdf yf]/} r's]sf] b]lvg5. sfd xf];\ jf gxf];\ cfzjf;g ;d]t lbg sf+u ];n] cn5l dfg]sf] sf+u ];s} ls;fg g]tfx? atfp 5g\. :yfgl lgjfrgsf] dxtjk"0f cj;/ kf/]/ g]skf Pdfn]n] eg] cfkm"nfo s[lif / ls;fg d}ql agfpg vf]h]sf] b]lvg5. :yfglo tx lgjfrgsf] 3f]if0ff kqdf Pdfnn] æ;d[l4, ;dfgtf / ;jn /fi6«sf] cfwf/, ufp b]lv s]gb ;Dd} Pdfn]sf] ;/sf/æegb} g]kfnl cytgqsf] ;jnls/0f ugsf nflu s[lifdf cfw'lgsls/0fnfo k fyldstfsf ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5. s[lif k wfg b]z g]kfnsf ls;fgx?nfo ;DkGg agfpg s[lifsf] cfw'lgsls/0f tyf cf}bf]lus/0f sfoqmd nfu" ug] k ltj4tf Pdfn]n] u/]s]f 5. pgn] cfk\mgf] 3f]if0ff kqdf klt Rofk]/ :jl6\h/nof08df Û sf7df8f}+. s[lif ljsf; dgql uf}/l z+s/ rf}w/ln] lgjfrg cfrf/ ;+lxtf pnn+3g ub} /f]d k'u]sf] rrf ;]nfpg gkfp b} s[lif /fho dgql /flwsf tfdfª klt lbnaxfb'/ -l8jl_ tfdfª af]s]/ :jl6\h/nof08 k'u]sl l5g\. lgjfrg cfof]usf] :jls[t ljgf g} s[lif /fhodgql a'waf/ :jl6\h/nof08 k'u]sf] s[lif ljsf; dgqfno >f]tn] atfpsf] 5. lgjfrg cfof]un] hf/l u/]sf] cfrf/ ;+lxtf pnn+3g ub} s[lif ljsf; dgql / /fho dgql ljb]z e d0fsf] k ltikwfdf g} plqpsf 5g\. rf}w/l /f]d k'u]/ kms]sf 5g\ eg] oltv]/ lgjfrgsf] r6f/f] 5f]8]/ /fhodgql eg] kltb]j;+u :jl6\h/nof08df /dfo/x]sl l5g\. /fhodgqlsf hf]8lsf] :jl6\h/nof08 e d0fnfo ;fys t'nofpg dgqfnosf ;x;lrj n]vgfy cfrfo lgjfrg cfof]un] e d0f c:jls[t ubf ub}ps ;ftf cufl8 :jl6\h/nof08 k'lu;s]sf 5g\. la=l6=pn\= sdkglsf kfj/ l6n/ tyf ldgl l6n/af6 v]tl u/f} +, sd vrdf ctolws ptkfbg a9fcf} +. Dhobighat, Lalitpur, Nepal (Near to Mega Hospital) Ph.No Fax: btltradepvtltd@gmail.com/

2 s[lif ;fn ut] ;f]daf/ 2 klxnf] k fyldstf s[lifnfo b]p :yfglo txsf] lgjfrg kzrft g]kfnl sf+u ]; / Pdfcf]jfbL s]gb jlr ;Qf kl/jtgsf] xnnf rln/x]sf] 5. ;Qfsf] g]t[tj h'g;'s} /fhgllts bnx?n] u/]klg g]kfnl hgtfsf] b}lgsl;+u k ToIf ;/f]sf/ /fvg] / d'n'ssf] cflys d]?b08sf?kdf /x]s]f s[lif If]qnfO ;+w} cf]em]ndf kfg] ul/psf] 5. lgjfrg nut} ;/sf/ kl/jtg x'g] xnnf / h]7!% ut] Nofpg nflupsf] ah]6df h;sf] g]t[tjdf ;/sf/ u7g epklg klxnf] k fyldstf s[lifnfo lbg' cfjzos 5. b'o bzs cufl8sf] g]kfnl s[lif If]q / jtdfg cj:yfsf] s[lif If]qnfO x]g] xf] eg] g]kfnl s[lif If]qsf] cj:yf ctogt} boglo cj:yfdf /x]sf] 5. o:tf] kl/l:yltdf g]kfnl s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; ugsf nflu /fhon] klxnf] k fyldstfdf /fvg' clgjfo 5. ljzjdf a9\b} uo/x]sf] vfb ;+s6sf] cj:yfnfo ;d]t dwogh/ ug] xf] eg] s[lif k wfg b]zdf?kdf lrlgpsf] d'n'sn] s[lif ptkfbstj a[l4 ugsf nflu h:tf];'s} cj;/x?nfo klg TofUg ;Sg' kb5. kl5nnf] ;dodf x]g] xf] eg] g]kfn gfdn] dfq s[lif k wfg b]zdf?kdf /x]sf] 5. vfb ptkfbgsf lx;fjn] x]g] xf] eg] klg ptkfbstj ctogt} gfh's cj:yfdf g]kfnsf] s[lif If]q k/]sf] 5. hj;dd s[lif If]qsf] cfd"n kl/jtg / ljsf; ug ;ls+b}g tj;dd d'n'ssf] cflys ljsf; klg cu ultdf lx8\g ;Sb}g. g]kfn h:t} cnkljsl;t b]zx?n] s[lif If]qdf u/]sf k of]u / ptkfbstj a[l4 ugsf nflu u/]sf kxnx?nfo x]g] xf] eg] klg To:tf /fi6«x?n] s[lif If]qnfO klxnf] k fyldstfdf /fv]sf] b]lvg5. hlt /fi6«x?n] s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; u/l vfbfggdf cftdlge/ ag]sf 5g\ tl /fi6«x? x/]s ljsf;df cufl8 a9]sf] Oltxf;n] g] b]vfp+5. l5d]sl /fi6«ef/t / rlgsf] s'/f ug] xf] eg] lg s[lif If]q /fhosf] k fyldstdf k/]sf] b]lvg5. t/ g]kfndf eg] s[lif If]q /fhosf] k d'v k fydlstfsf] If]qdf kg ;s]sf] 5}g. ;Qfdf egbf aflx/ /x~h]n cfzjf;gsf kf]sf af+8\g] / ;Qfdf k'u]kl5 r6ss 5f8\g] k j[lqsf] cgto x'g' kb5. lgjfrgsf a]nf af+8]sf k ltj4tfx? ;d]t k"/f ug] sfddf /fhgllts bnx? r's]sf 5g\. t;y cjsf] ljsf;sf] klxnf] k fyldstf s[lif If]qsf] x'g' kb5. s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; / k ultn] g} /f]huf/lsf] >[hgf ug] ef}lts ljsf;sf kf6fx? km/flsnf] x' +b} hfg] epsfn] klg x/]s ;/sf/sf] klxnf] k fyldstf s[lif If]q xf];\. cfkm\g} ;"rgf g]kfnsf] klxnf] s[lif ;fktflxssf sf kdf k sflzt s[lif ;fktflxsdf tkfo sf If]qdf ep u/]sf s[lif If]q; u ;DalGwt ;"rgf ;dfrf/ jf n]v /rgfx 5g\ eg] xfdlnfo lalxaf/leq k7fpg'x'g cg'/f]w ul/g5. ;Dks s[lif ;fktflxs, k'tnl;8s Od]n M sajnepal@gmail.com web: df6f] ljgfsf] v]tl k ljlw ;DjlGw hfgsf/l df6f] ljgfsf] v]tl k ljlw s] xf] ;fdfgotof df6f] jfx]ssf] cgo ldl8of - /s pn, knfo6, sf]sf]lk6, wfgsf] e';, jfn'jf,u fe]n cflb_ df lj?jfnfo cfazos 3'nglzn vfb kbfy k bfg u/l ul/g] v]tl k 0ffnLnfO df6f] ljgfsf] v]tl elgg5. o; k 0ffnL ljzjsf ljsl;t b]zx?df w]/} ;dojf6 k rlnt eptfklg g]kfndf ;d]t s]xl ;do otf jf6 o; k ljlwjf/] gllh sdkgljf6 k rf/ k ;f/ epsf] kfog5. a]nfotl lkmlhl;og hf]g p8jf 8 -!^((_nfo kfgldf v]tl ul/g] k ljlwsf] klxnf] cg';gwfgstfsf] lng] ul/psf] 5 tfklg plg egbf cufl8 /f]j6 jf]onn] ;d]t o; ;+algw cg';gwfg u/]sf lyp. xfn cfp/ ljz'4 kfgldf lj?jfnfo cfazos vfbttj / xfjfsf] Aoj:yf nufot l56} gs'lxg] ljlegg ldl8ofx?sf] k of]u u/]/ df6f] ljgfsf] v]tl x'b} cfptf klg g]kfn h:tf] b]zdf s[ifsx?n] ;lhn} candjg ug ;Sg] ;:tf] Pj+ bluf] k ljlwsf] ljsf;sf nflu ug yk cwoog tyf cg';gwfg h?/l b]lvg5. v]tlsf k rlnt ljlwx? k of]u ul/g] ldl8of tyf ljlwsf cfwf/df df6f] ljgfsf] v]tl k ljlwnfo ;d]t auls/0f ul/psf] kfog5. ;fdfgotof ljzjdf lgdg lnlvt ljlwx? k rngdf /x]sf] kfog5 M!=kfgLsf] k of]ujf6 u/lg] v]tl (hydroponics cultivation)!=! vfb kbfysf] 3f]ndf v]tl (Static solution culture) o; ljlwdf lj?jfnfo vfb kbfysf] 3f]n epsf] ef8fx? - Knfli6ssf] jfn6l, hf/ cflbdf_df v]tl ul/g5. lj?jfsf] h/fdf xfjfsf] Aoj:yf jfx\o?kjf6 gugo dfqfdf ul/g5 jf ul/b}g. olb o;df P/]6/jf6 vfb kbfysf] 3f]ndf xfjfsf] Aoj:yf gug] xf] eg] vfb kbfysf] 3f]n egbf dflyjf6 h/fsf] ljsf; x'g] Aoa:yf ug h?/l x'gfsf] ;fy} kf/bzl ef8fdf v]tl ul/psf] xf] eg] l;wf ;"osf] k sfz kg glbg] Aoj:yf ug h?/l x'g5. o;df vfb kbfysf] dfqf lj?jfsf] cfazostf cg';f/ k of]u ug k of]u ul/psf] 3f]nsf] na0fx?sf] dfqf (electrical conductivity) hf r ug h?/l x'g5. of] ljlw yf]/} dfqfdf sg6]g/df t/sf/lsf] v]tlsf] nflu dfq pko'st x'g5.!=@ vfb kbfysf] lg/gt/ cfjt hfjt ug] k 0ffnL (Nutrient flow techniques) o;df vfb ttjsf] dfqf Psgfzn] lj?jfsf] h/fdf k bfg ul/g5. vfb kbfy ;lhn}?kdf lj?jfdf hfg cfazos :nf]ksf] lk= le=l;= kfokdf sf]sf]lk6 / e';sf] k of]ujf6 v]tlul/psf] v]tl, Aoa:yf ul/psf] x'g5. ;fy} o;df lj?jfnfo cfazos vfbttjsf] dfqf lgolgqt?kdf k bfg ul/g5 tyf lj?jfsf] a[l4 ljsf;sf] ca:yf cg';f/ cfazos nj0fx?sf] ca:yf (electrical conductivity) ljrf/ ul/ electrical conductivity 36fpg] j9fpg] ugfsf] ;fy} k of]u ep/ j9l epsf] 3f]n k'g k of]u ug] k 0ffnL ljsf; ul/psf] x'g5. pbfxf/0fsf] nflu o; k 0ffnLdf uf]ne]8fsf] v]tl ug] xf] eg] lj?jf a[l2 ljsf;sf] z'?sf] ca:yfdf! sfod u/l ptkfbglzn ca:yfdf!=@% ;Dd k'/\ofog5. of] ljzjsf w]/} b]zn] candjg u/]sf ;jegbf ptkfbglzn k ljlw eptfklg vlrnf] k ljlwsf]?kdf lrlgg5.!=# df5fdf cfwfl/t k2lt (Aquaponics) o; k2lt goff Pj+ k"0f k f+ufl/s k2lt xf]. o;df df5fnfo cfazos bfgf jfx]s cgo kbfy k of]u x'b}g / kfgldf 3'n]sf] df5fsf] lb;f / lk;fj o'st kfgl lj?jfnfo vfbttjsf]?kdf k of]u ul/g5. o; k2ltdf ;fukftsf] v]tl ug pko'st eptfklg lj?jfnfo cfazos ;j} vfbttjsf] pko'st dfqfsf] cefjdf cgo k2lt egbf ptkfbg l9nf x'g5. o; k 0ffnL jf6 nlntk'/ lhnnfsf] uf]bfj/ldf ljn cf;j]n egg] ljb]zl gful/sn] ;fukft nufotsf t/sf/lsf] v]tl ub] cfpg' epsf] / 3'nglzn vfbkbfyjf6 v]tl (aeroponics) o; k 0fnLdf lj?jfnfo cfazostf cg';f/ vfbkbfy o'st 3f]nnfO lj?jfsf] h/fdf d]l;gsf] ;xfotfjf6 jfkmsf]?kdf k bfg ul/g5. o; k ljlw cfn' jlp ptkfbg tyf ;fukft v]tldf pko'st x'g5. o; k ljlwdf vfb ttjnfo jfkmsf]?kdf k of]u ug cgo k ljlw egbf j9l vr nfub5. #= cgo ldl8ofx?sf] k of]ujf6 ul/g] v]tl o; k ljlw cgtut l56} gs'lxg] ljlegg ldl8ofx? h:t} sf]sf]lk6, wfgsf] e';, knfo6, jfn'jf, u fe]n, c?0f sfkm\n] sf7sf] w'nf], elds'nfo6, /s pn, O6fsf 6's f nufotsf ldl8ofdf kfgldf 3'nglzn vfbkbfy k of]u ul/ v]tl ul/g5. s:tf] ldl8of / k ljlwsf] 5gf}6 ug h?/l x'g5 o; k sf/sf] k ljlwdf g]kfndf cwoog Pj+ cg';gwfgsf sfox? geptfklg xfn cfp/ s]xl gllh sdkgl tyf AolStx?sf] k of;df o; k ljlwsf] k rf/ k ;f/ g]kfndf epsf] kfog5. o; k ljlw ;+u ;+algwt ;fdfu Lx? tyf cfazos vfbttjsf] ;xh pknawtf tyf nfdf] ;do ;Dd Pj+ bluf] k of]u, v]tl ug ;lsg] jfnlx?, ltlgx?sf] nflu cfazos ;+/rgf tyf lk= Pr, electrical conductivity, lj?jf x'sg] jftfj/0f, tl jfnlx?df b]vf kg] /f]u sl/f nufotsf ;d:of tyf ;dfwfgsf tl/sfx?, v]tl vr tyf ptkfbg, ptkfbgsf] u'0f:t/, kl/df0f -k lt OsfO ptkfbg_ Pj+ ;+efljt pkef]stfx? cflb h:tf s'/fx?df v]tl ug OR5's s[ifs tyf k a4sx?n] j]n}df Wofg k'/\ofpg h?/l b]lvg5. g]kfndf s] eo/x]sf] 5 M df6f] ljgfsf] v]tlsf] nflu ;jk yd g]kfndf cfn'jfnl cg';gwfg sfos dn] jlp cfn' ptkfbgdf cg';gwfg ul/ k ljlw ljsf; u/]tfklg ;f] k ljlwsf] s[ifs :t/df candjg vf;} x'g g;s]sf] kfog5. xfn d]/f] hfgsf/ldf cfp cg';f/ df5fdf cfwfl/t v]tlsf] candjg uf]bfj/ldf / df6f] ljgfsf] v]tl k ljlw k bzg xfo8"f]kf]lgs; g]kfn, Pu L OlGhlgol/Ësf ljbfylx?n] u/]sf] hfgsf/ldf cfptfklg o;df nfut slt nfub5, g]kfnsf] atdfg kl/k ]Iodf pko'st ;fdfu L tyf vfb ttjx? s'g xf] / ptkfbg s:tf] cfof] egg] ljifodf cflwsfl/s tyf k dfl0ft tyof+s pknaw eog;s]sf] ca:yf 5. t;y ljzjdf df6f] ljgfsf] v]tl k ljlw :j:y t/sf/l ptkfbgdf kl/df0fftds Pj+ u'0fftds?kdf ;kmn k ljlwsf]?kdf :yfkgf eptfklg g]kfnsf] ;Gbedf yk cwoog Pj+ cg';gwfg u/l k fkt glthf cg';f/ cufl8 j9\g h?/l b]lvg5.

3 + + s[lif ;fktflxs g]kfnnfo vfbfggdf cftdlge/ agfog] emfkf. k wfgdgql s[lif cfw'lgsls/0f kl/of]hgfsf cfof]hgf lgb]zs crr'tk ;fb 9sfnn] d'n'snfo s]xl jifleqdf g} vfbfggdf cftdlge/ agfog] atfpsf 5g\. emfkfsf] kyl/ofdf kf]:6 xfe]:6 - afnl ptkfbgkl5sf] sfd_ ejgsf] ut z'qmaf/ lznfgof; ub} pgn] ;f] s'/f atfpsf x'g\. ;f] cj;/df cfkm\gf] egfo /fvb} cfof]hgf lgb]zs 9sfnn] :jb]zl k'fhl / ;Lkaf6 tof/ ul/psf] ;f] cjwf/0ffaf6 ;~rfngdf cfpsf] k wfgdgql s[lif cfw'lgsls/0f kl/of]hgfn] s[lif If]qsf] ljsf; nflu dxtjk"0f e"ldsf v]ng] ;d]t atfp. s[lif pkh ptkfbg u/]klg ptkfbgkl5 ug] ;'/lift s[lif sdnfo cfw'lgsls/0f ug g;sbf s[lif pkhx? A9L gi6 x'g] u/]sfn] cj To;f] gx'g] pgn] atfp. l;nfgof; ul/psf] ejgn] ptkfbgkl5 ul/g] ;a} sfosf nflu k efjsf/l x'g] ;d]t pgn] atfp. ;f] ejgsf nflu k wfgdgql s[lif cfw'lgsls/0f kl/of]hgfn]? %) nfv tyf ;fgf ls;fg ;xsf/l ;+:yf ln srgsn ufp n] Ps la3f tlg s fhuuf pknaw u/fpsf 5g\. o:t} kf]:6 xfe]:6 cd/fjtl s[lif ;xsf/l ;+:yfdf klg lgdf0f x'g] 5. sfoqmddf l;frfo ljsf; l8lehg sfofno eb k'/sf k d'v OZj/Lk ;fb ltjf/ln] s[lif;fu} l; rfo klg cl3 a9\g] hfgsf/l lbpsf lyp. ;'k/hf]g sfofno k d'v d]3gfy ltdn;]gfn] wfgsf nflu emfkfsf blif0fl If]q srgsjn ufp kflnsfdf hf]l8psf 5 j6f uflj;df Ps xhf/ ls;fg=== If]qx?df s[lif ptkfbstj a[l4 u/fpgsf nflu df6f]sf] k/lif0f u/l df6f] cg's"n ptkfbg ug] klg Pdfn]sf] 3f]if0ff kqsf pnn]v u/]sf] 5. t/ ;Qfwf/L dfcf]jfbl s]gb n] eg] Ps ufp Ps ptkfbg sfoqmnfo g} Ps ufp Ps ljz]if ptkfbg ug] 3f]if0ff kqdf pnn]v 5. To;}u/L Pdfn]n] kz'kg5l, df}/l / df5f kfng Joj;fonfO Jofks t'nofpg] klg cfkm\gf] 3f]if0ff kqdf pnn]v u/]sf] 5. cfkm\gf] ;/sf/n] k"0f?kdf g]t[tj ug kfpdf kf r jifleq s[lif ptkfbstj a[l4 u/l b]znfo vfbfgg lgoft ug] cj:yfdf k' ofpg] klg pnn]v u/]sf] 5. Pdfnn] s[lif ptkfbgdf /f;folgs dnsf] k of]unfo lg?t;flxt ub} cfufdl!) jifleq s[lif e"lddf cfd?kdf h}ljs k f+ufl/s dn / h}ljs ljiffblsf] k of]u x'g] cj:yf l;hgf ug], ptkfbgb]lv ljt/0f;ddsf] k lqmofdf cfw'lgs ogqx?sf] k of]udf hf]8 lbg] ;d]t pnn]v u/]sf] 5. ;fy} ls;fg tyf s[lif Joj;foLx?sf nflu s[lifdf oflgqsls/0f ug nfug] vrdf lglzrt dfkb08sf cfwf/df ;/sf/n] klxnf] k6s cg'bfg lbg] Pj+ ;j} lsld;dsf s[lif / kz' ptkfbgdf aldf Joj:yf nfu" ug] ;d]t 3f]if0ff kqdf pnn]v u/]sf] 5. x]s6/ huufdf ;'k/hf]g 3f]lift epcg';f/ kl/of]hgfn] wfgsf If]qdf lgs} pt;fxhgs sfodf s[ifssf] ;xeflutf al9/x]sf] atfpsf 5g\. ;f] cj;/df ;'k/hf]gaf6 k bfg ul/psf] v]t hf]tg] b'o yfg kfj/ 6]n/ klg ;xsf/lnfo x:tfgt/0f ul/psf] lyof]. k of]uzfnfsf lgldt kl/of]hgfn]? ## nfv pknaw u/fpsf] 5. ;fgf] l; rfo cfof]hgfaf6 k bfg ul/psf] af]l/ªdf? ^) xhf/ nfut nfu]sf] 5. o:t} #) af]l/ª ls;fgsf] v]tdf ufl8g] 5. o;}u/l srgsjn ufp kflnsf cgtut kyl/ofdf 5 la3f v]t ef8fdf lnp/ ;'? ul/psf] alp ptkfbgsf nflu nufopsf] wfgv]tsf] kl/of]hgfsf lgb]zs 9sfnn] lg/lif0f Pjd\ cjnf]sg - ;d]t u/]sf lyp. Pkm jg gfds alp ptkfbg x'g] / ;f] alpaf6 Ps x]s6/ huufdf gf} d]l6«s 6g wfg kmng] atfopsf] 5. t/sf/ldf k/lge/tf 36\b} eldbqgu/. s~rgk'/sf] eldbqgu/df k z:t dfqfdf :yfglo ptkfbg x'g yfn]kl5 t/sf/ldf k/lge/tf 36\b} uo/x]sf] 5. :yfglo ls;fg Jofj;flos?kdf t/sf/l v]tltkm cfslift xf'b} upkl5 t/sf/l cfoftdf sdl cfpsf] xf]. æps bzs cufl8 ;AhLdl08df () k ltzt t/sf/l ef/taf6 cfot ul/gyof],æ s~rgk'/ dl08 Joj;foL ;ª\3sf cwoif ljzfn ;'gf/n] eg]] æclxn] dl08df &) k ltzt t/sf/l :yfglo ls;fgåf/f ptkflbt 5.Æ xfn ;LdfjtL ef/tlo ahf/ jgaf;f, vl6df, a/]nlnufotsf :yfgaf6 eldbqgu/df cfn' / Kofh dfq} cfoft ul/ b} cfpsf] cwoif ;'gf/n] atfp. km;l, nf}sf, uf]ne]+8f, l3/f}nf, sf qmf, s/]nf, /fdtf]l/of, xl/of] v';lgl, d'nfnufot t/sf/l clxn] :yfglo ls;fgn] ptkfbg u/l laqmlsf nflu dl08df Nofpg] u/]sf 5g\. dl08df b}lgs!@ 6g t/sf/l lelqg5. b]lv #) k ltzt t/sf/l cgoq lhnnfdf vkt ul/g5,æ pgn] eg]]. eldbqgu/ If]qdf ptkfbg epsf] t/sf/l laqml ljt/0fsf nflu sf7df8f}+, kf]v/f, a'6jn, gf/fo0f3f6, wgu9l / ;'b"/klzrdsf kxf8l lhnnfdf k7fpg] u/]sf] s~rgk'/ dl08 Joj;foL ;ª\3sf dxf;lrj lj>fdl;fx wfdln] atfp. ækl5nnf jifdf oxff afx }df; t/sf/l ptkfbg x' b} cfpsf] 5,Æ pgn] eg]. jifftsf a]nf dfq} :yfglo ptkfbgdf ;fdfgo lu/fj6 cfpg] u/]sf] 5. ;f] ;dodf ef/t / oxf sf kxf8l lhnnfaf6 t/sf/l cfoft ul/g5. æv'nnf l;dfgfsf sf/0f k lqmof gk' ofp/ n'lsl5kl ;d]t oxff t/sf/l lelqg] u/]sf] 5,Æ wfdln] atfp. cvfb t/sf/l lelqg glbg :yfglo k zf;gn] Wofg lbg'kg] df pgn] hf]8 lbp. s~rgk'/df Jofj;los?kdf t/sf/l v]tl ug] ls;fgsf] ;ª\Vofdf j[l4 x'fb} uo/x]sf] 5. cwoif ;'gf/sf cg';f/ eldbq gu/kflnsf If]qdf dfq} Ps ;o %) laufxfb]lv b'o ;o laufxfdf t/sf/l v]tl ul/fb} cfpsf] 5. ef/tlo gful/sn] oxf cfp/ :yfglojf;lsf] huuf ef8fdf lno gbl tyf vf]nfsf] au/df t/sf/l v]tl ub} cfpsf 5g\. s~rgk'/sf] cgo If]qdf klg ls;fg qmlds?kdf Jofj;flos t/sf/l v]tltkm cfs[lift x'fb} upsf 5g\. oxffsf] emnf/l, a]nf}/l, s[i0fk'/, k'gaf;nufot If]qsf ls;fgn] Jofj;flos?kdf t/sf/l v]tl ub} cfpsf 5g\. æptkflbt t/sf/lsf nflu ahf/sf] ;d:of 5}g,Æ eldbq gu/kflnsf!( afukmff6fdf t/sf/l v]tl ub} cfpsf ef/tlo gful/s VofnL/fd adfn] eg] æt/sf/l a]rg dl08;dd up k'u5.æ tlg laufxfdf t/sf/l v]tl ub} cfpsf adf kl5nnf] ;do g]kfnl gful/sn] t/sf/l v]tltkm a9l hf]8 lbpsf] atfp. pgn] g]kfndf!$ jifb]lv t/sf/l v]tl ub} cfpsf 5g\. kfnkf. 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(# ^) ($ af/f #^=$ #)=) #* ^% )=) %=) k"j wflbª #&=@ #)=@ ##=^!@=*!^=) *$ lrtjg!%=) #)=@ %* &( %& &$ sf:sl ##=%!$=^!*=@ %* (! #^ %^ )=) %=) blif0f #!=% (=)!&=% %@ &*?kgb]xl %=) $% &(!% #$ )=)!@=% klzrd bfë!#=* #!=$ $$ $^ klzrd #&=@ ^@ &%!( #) )=) (=) klzrd ;'v] t ^=& ##=& #&=^!%=(!(=( #( %=) klzrd h'dnf $=)!)=# %* %% )=% &=) klzrd s}nfnl $=# #^=& )=) &=% pq/ 8f]6L!)=) #@=) #&=)!%=)!(=$ %& $) pq/ bfr' nf ##=^!#=^!(=% &$ (% $) *$ s}lkmot s_ df};d ljzn]if0f M ut xktfsf] ;du df};dl ljzn]if0f df]/ª M df]/ª lhnnfdf ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #$=) ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb t ^^Ü_ /Xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/!&=@ ldlnld6/ jiff eof]. ;Kt/L M ;Kt/L lhnnfdf ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #%=) ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb t #^Ü_ /Xof]. wgs'6f M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb tf $$Ü_ /Xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/ *=& ldlnld6/ jiff eof]. bf]nvf M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb tf ^!Ü_ /Xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/!(=( ldlnld6/ jiff eof]. sfe ]knf~rf]s M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd ##=%= ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb t %*Ü_ /Xof]. ;fy} ldlnld6/ jiff eof]. wflbª M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd ##=%= ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb t $*Ü_ /Xof]. af/f M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #&=& ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb /Xof].;fy} ;ftfel/ $=^ ldlnld6/ jiff eof]. lrtjg M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #&=) ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb /Xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/ (=$ ldlnld6/ jiff eof].?kgb]xl M ut xktfsf] lbpf;f]sf] tfkqmd $!=# ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb tf!#ü_ /Xof].;fy} ;ftfel/!=) ldlnld6/ jiff eof]. sf:sl M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #@=) ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb tf!%ü_ /Xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/ (*=) ldlnld6/ jiff eof]. kfnkf M ut xktfsf] lbpf;f]sf] tfkqmd #@=# ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb /Xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/ l56k'6 dfq jiff eof]. bfª\ M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #^=) ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb /Xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/!$=^ ldlnld6/ jiff eof]. ;'v]t M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #%=* ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb /Xof]. eg] aiff l56k'6 /x\of]. 8f]6L M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #*=% ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb tf #!Ü_ /Xof].;fy} ;ftfel/df #=@ ldlnld6/ aiff eof]. af+s] M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #&=% ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb tf $#Ü_ /Xof]. aiff l56k'6 /x\of]. s}nfnlm ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #&=% ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb tf #)Ü_ /Xof]. h'dnf M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb tf!%ü_/xof]. ;fy} ;ftfel/df %=( ldlnld6/ aiff eof]. bfr'nf M ut xktfsf] lbp ;f]sf] tfkqmd #&=) ) ;]ln;o; ;Dd k'uof] / Go"gtd ;fk]lifs cfb tf $)Ü_/Xof]. ;fy} ldlnld6/ aiff eof]. cfp+bf] xktfsf] df};d cj:yf df]/ª / ;Kt/LM ;ftf e/l g} clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. wgs'6fm ;ftf e/l g} clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. ;fy} ;ftfsf] z'? tyf dwolt/ Ifl0fs d]3 uhg ;lxt aiff x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. bf]nvf, sfe ] wflbªm ;ftf e/l g} clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. ;fy} ;ftfsf] dwolt/ Ifl0fs d]3 uhg ;lxt aiff x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. af/f, lrtjg,?kgb]xlm ;ftf e/l g} clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. sf:sl, kfnkfm ;ftf e/l g} clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. ;fy} ;ftfsf] z'? tyf dwolt/ Ifl0fs d]3 uhg ;lxt aiffsf] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. ;'v] t, bfª, 8f]6LM ;ftf e/l g} clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. ;fy} ;ftfsf] z'? tyf dwolt/ Ifl0fs d]3 uhg ;lxt aiff x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. jf+s], s}nfnlm ;ftf e/l g} clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. ;fy} ;ftfsf] z'? tyf dwolt/ Ifl0fs d]3 uhg ;lxt aiff x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. h'dnf / bfr'nfm ;ftf e/l g} clwstd tfkqmd s]xl a[l4 x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. ;fy} ;ftfsf] z'? tyf dwolt/ xnsf lxdkft ;lxt aiff x'g] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. afnl gfnl wfg ) r}t] wfg #) lbgdf uf]8d]n u/]kl5 # s]hl o'l/of k lt /f]kgl s]hl o'l/of k lt s fsf b/n] 6k8] «; ug' kb5. o;/l /f;folgs dn k of]u 306f;Dd v]taf6 kfgl au]/ hfg lbg' x' +b}g. ) aif] wfg afnlaf6 /fd f] ptkfbg lng cfkm\gf] If]qsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ul/psf pko'qm hft klxrfg u/l e/kbf] >f]taf6 ;dod} alpsf] Joj:yf ug' xf];\. ) t/fo, leql dw]z, tnnf] kxf8l a] +zlsf l;+lrt If]q -()) ld=;dd_ sf] nflu pko'qm hftx? :j0f ;j!, ;Djfd;'nL ;j!, ldlynf / /fdwfg. ) t/fo leql dw]z / tnnf] a]+zlsf cl;+lrt If]q -()) ld=;dd_ sf] nflu pko'qm hftx? ;'Vvf wfg!, ;'Vvf ;'Vvf wfg #, ;'Vvf wfg $, ;'Vvf wfg %, ;'Vvf wfg ^, t/x/f!, xlbgfy!, /fwf!! tyf 3}of wfgsf nflu ljgb]zj/l, 3}of! / ) dwokxf8l If]q -())!%)) ld=;dd_ sf nflu pko'qm hftx? v'dn $, v'dn *, v'dn!), v'dn!!, v'dn!#. ) prr kxf8l If]q ld=;dd_ sf nflu pko'qm hftx? n]sfnl!, n]sfnl #, rgbgyfg #, df5fk'r5] «#.

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6 s[lif Nepal's First Agriculture weekly May 8, 2017 ;fn j}zfv ut] ;f]daf/ 6 Searching for the food of the future The china government is promoting the potato as China's 'fourth staple' to feed the world's most-populous nation and ensure security of supplies. Yang Wanli and Li Yingqing report from Kunming. When people think of Chinese food, rice is often the first thing that springs to mind. That's despite the fact that there is a geographical dividing line between the wetter southern regions, where rice is the staple food, and the north, where grain is dominant. Corn, the third staple, straddles the line because it can be grown in any part of the country. Now, faced with the world's largest population, which necessitates the importation of a huge range of foodstuffs, the Ministry of Agriculture is promoting the food of the future - the potato, a tuber that has long been part of China's culinary landscape, but is rarely used as a staple. As a result, the culinary dividing line may soon be a Photo corner : thing of the past, because the tuber, which can be grown in most areas, is set to become china's fourth staple foodstuff. As part of the ministry's Five-Year Plan ( ), published in February last year, the area devoted to potato cultivation will be expanded to 6.67 million hectares by In 2014, the figure was 5.64 million hectares, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In the future, potatoes will account for 30 percent of the nation's food, with large areas of wheat, rice and corn being turned over to cultivation of the new fourth staple, the ministry said. The plan has already had early successes. Mustard oil farm, Yunnan province in china. Potato powder now accounts for at least 50 percent of all components of food made from staple crops, such as noodles and steamed buns, a rise of 30 percent from just fours year ago, according to the ministry. Now, a research team at Zhejiang A&F University in Hangzhou, the provincial capital, is researching methods of producing artificial rice, made from broken rice grains, bulked out with potato powder and scented with essence of gardenia. The estimated price will be about 7 yuan (US$1) per kilogram. Adaptability China's grain output rose from 411 million metric tons in 2004 to 565 million tons in 2014, according to the National Bureau of Statistics. However, the growth in output hasn't caught up with the accelerating rate of consumption; the World Bank predicts that China's demand for grain will reach 670 million tons in 2020 rise to 700 million tons in Moreover, with corn, rice and wheat yields limited as a result of the limitations on cultivated land and water supplies in recent years, the easy-togrow potato has become the best backup to maintain food supplies and ensure national food security. "Potatoes use just 30 percent of the water required to grow wheat or rice, and they have the ability to adapt to dry, cold and barren areas," said Sun Zhonghua, the ministry's chief agronomist. In addition to their ease of cultivation, potatoes also have high nutritional value because they are high in fiber and low in fats. They also contain more than 10 amino acids and a range of microelements essential to human health. "The amount of protein in a kilogram of potatoes is twice that of a kg of wheat, 1.3 times more than rice and 1.2 times more than corn," Sun said. Raising productivity growth is critical for middle income Asia: ADB Kathmandu: Reforms to increase productivity on the basis of better innovation, education, and infrastructure can help developing countries in Asia and the Pacific graduate to high-income status, says a new Asian Development Bank (ADB) report. Transcending developing Asia s middle-income challenge is the subject of the special theme chapter in the Asian Development Outlook (ADO) 2017 report. ADO is ADB s flagship economic publication. Past development success in Asia and the Pacific means most citizens in the region now live in a middleincome country, said Yasuyuki Sawada, ADB s Chief Economist, Policy makers will need to change their approach to reach high income. It is no longer a question of them using more resources to sustain growth, economies must become more productive to clear the final hurdle. The report notes that in 1991 only 10% of the population in Asia and the Pacific lived in middleincome economies. By 2015, this had increased to over 95% of the region s population, fueled by growth in the region s most populous countries: the People s Republic of China (PRC), India, and Indonesia. To raise productivity, countries in developing Asia will need to focus on innovation. Middle-income countries that successfully moved up to high income have more than two and half times as much stock of accumulated research and development as other middle-income countries. Innovation requires a skilled workforce, and hence an emphasis on improving education quality. The report estimates that a 20% increase in human capital spending per capita can increase labor productivity by up to 3.1%. Sound educational policies can also promote equity and close the wide education gaps between developing Asia and high-income economies, while encouraging innovation and entrepreneurship. Infrastructure investment, particularly in energy and information and communications technology, can contribute to innovation and human capital, and thus sustaining growth in middle-income countries. A onetime public investment in infrastructure equal to 1% of gross domestic product can lift a country s output by as much as 1.2% in 7 years. Asia s dynamic track record suggests that the journey to high income, while challenging, can be completed. Supportive institutions and policies, underpinned by macroeconomic stability, can strengthen the pillars of productivity growth innovation, human capital, and infrastructure. ADB, based in Manila, is dedicated to reducing poverty in Asia and the Pacific through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration. Established in 1966, ADB is celebrating 50 years of development partnership in the region. It is owned by 67 members 48 from the region.

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Ps;o egbf a9lsf] ;ª\Vofdf /x]sf] lgnufo To; If]qsf jgdf nufopsf] t/sf/l afnldf x'nsf x'n u/]/ ;a} t/sf/l vfolbg], pv' / cgo kmnkm"n vfolbg] / gi6 kfl/lbg] u/]sf] dg/fsf /fdlbg]z rf}w/ln] atfp. ;LdfjtL If]qsf cfwf bhg ufpfdf km]nf k/]sf lgnufon] afnlgfnl gi6 ugdf nfu]sf 5g\ eg] tl hgfj/nfo wkfpgsf nflu hfg] dflg;x?nfo b]vg] lalqss} efug] u/]sf] 5. Go"g /xg5. s[liflj1 /fd]zj/ dxtf]sf cg';f/ cffkdf xfd f] z/l/nfo rflxg] w]/} k sf/sf ttj x'g5g\. ljlegg vlgh, le6fldg PÚ, le6fldg alú, le6fldg OÚ nufotsf kx]fnf kmnkm"ndf kfog] nueu ;a} k sf/sf ttj cf kdf kfog5g\. To;sf/0f sf/afo8 gxfnl ksfopsf] cf k ;a}nfo vfg lrlst;sn] ;Nnfx lbg] u/]sf 5g\. oblk clxn] ahf/df kfog] u/]sf] cf k vf bf :jf:yodf c;/ kg] ep klg b}lgs?kdf pkef]qmf o;sf] k of]u ul//x]sf 5g\. lxpb] wfg afnl ls;fgsf] cfsif0f kjt. kxf8l e"efudf epklg jif] wfg v]tldf cftdlge/ agg ;kmn kjtdf lxp+b] wfg v]tl lj:tf/sf] sfd ;'? epsf] 5. lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfofnosf] lxp+b] wfg afnl k jb\wg sfoqmd cgtut kjtsf ljlegg :yfgdf lxp+b] wfg v]tl lj:tf/ ul/psf] xf]. sfofnon] kjtsf] k}o' ufp+kflnsf x'jf;df gd'gf Anssf]?kdf Ps ;o /f]kgl huufdf v]tl lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5. o:t} 6snfs, lqj]0fl, a]pnlaf;, cdfbl, n:tl, ldngrf]s nufotsf :yfgdf u/l Ps xhf/ ^ ;o ^) /f]kgldf lxpfb] wfg v]tl ul/psf] lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfofno kjtsf lxp+b] wfgafnl kmf]sn k;g r]tgfy kf}8]nn] hfgsf/l lbp. kjtdf clxn];dd lgjfxd'vl v]tldf e/ kl/fb} cfpsfn] lxp+b] wfgafnlaf6 ls;fgnfo Jofj;flos agfpg] clek fon] lxp+b] wfg v]tl tkm cfslift ul/psf] pgn] atfp. x'jf;sf ls;fgn] upsf jifx?df ;fdfgo lxp+b] wfg afnl nufp+b} cfpklg o; jifb]lv lxp+b] wfgafnldf ;xof]u;lxt pt;fx yk]sf] atfpsf 5g\. lxp+b] wfgafnldf clxn] ls;fgx? ljlegg ;d"x agfp/ cu ;/ epsf 5g\. ;d"xdf cfj4 ep/ v]tldf ;lqmo epkl5 cg'bfg, afnl ladf nufotsf lqmofsnfkdf ;xh x'g] wfg ptkfbs ls;fg sflz/fd uf}tdn] hfgsf/l lbp. clxn] x'jf;df xlbgfy! hftsf]! ;o % lsnf]u fd lap nufopsf] kmf]sn k;g kf}8]nn] atfp. lxp+b] wfgafnl ;f]r] cg'?k ptkfbg ug ;s]df pbf]u g} :yfkgf u/]/ lrp/f, e'hf nufotsf vfb ;fdu L ptkfbg ug ;lsg] pgn] atfp. b'o rf/ lbgb]lv To;If]qsf dg/f, ef]nxl, kf]v/leg8f, Ps8f/f, O6xjfs L, ;D;Lnufotsf ljlegg jgdf bf}8fbf}8 drfpsf] / 5j6} ufpfsf jgdf nufopsf] afnlgfnl gi6 kfl//x]sf] ;D;Lsf ljho ;fxn] atfp. udlofd cfpg] ljlqs} lhnnfsf] dflynnf] efudf /x]sf] jg hª\undf 89]nf], rf]/l l;sf/l h:tf lqmofsnfkn] tlj tf kfpsf sf/0f b'ne jgohgt' lgnufo dxf]q/lsf] tnnf] If]qlt/ cfpsf] :yfglojf;l atfp5g\. s[lif k ljlwsf] ;"rgf lbg wgs'6fsf ls;fgnfo df]afon wgs'6f. s[lif ljsf; dgqfno hnjfo' k sf]k ;d'tyfg lgdf0f cfof]hgfn] k fljlws 1fg;lxt Jofj;flos ptkfbg a9fpgsf nflu ;"rgf k ljlwsf] kx' r a9fpg wgs'6f lhnnfsf $# ls;fgnfo ;"rgf ;fdfu L ljt/0f ul/psf] 5. lhnnfsf cu'jf ls;fgsf nflu ut laxlaf/b]lv ;"rgf ;fdu L ljt/0f ;'? ul/psf] lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfonon] hgfpsf] 5. k ljlwsf] k of]u ub} Jofj;flos v]tlsf] lj:tf/sf nflu $# yfg Pg8"f]O8 df]afon / $# yfg /]gu]h pks/0f ljt/0f ul/psf] xf]. lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfofnon] l;kmfl/; / kz' sfofno wgs'6fn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf!& cu'jf ls;fgnfo ljlegg k fljlws ;"rgf kfpg ;xh x'g] df]afon / df};d dfkg;lxt a;ftsf] kfgl gfkg] pks/0f ;fdu L x:tfgt/0f ul/psf] lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfonosf k d'v e/tk ;fb lj8f/ln] atfp. ls;fgnfo lgjfxd'vl v]tlaf6 Jofjf;flos agfpg d]/f] s[lifú gfds Pkdfkmt s[lif k ljlw;dagwl ;"rgf pknaw u/fpg yflnpsf] 5. ljlegg ;dodf ablnfbf] df};daf/] clu d hfgsf/l lnfb} df};d cg's"n v]taf/ldf sfd ug ;xh agfpg] egb}? 5 nfv $% xhf/ a/fa/sf] /]gu]h pks/0f k bfg ul/psf] 5. lhnnfdf b'o ;o ;ft kz' kmfd / kffr ;o $$ s[ifs ;d"x /x]sf] sfofnon] hgfpsf] 5. s[lif;dagwl ;"rgf x]g ;/sf/n] ls;fgnfo dfl;s kdf!% PdaL OG6/g]6 8f6f lgmz'ns pknaw u/fpg] epsf] 5. OG6/g]6;Fu} kmf]gaf6 klg ;d:ofaf/] hfgsf/l lnp/ ;dwfg ul/g] of]hgf /x]sf] 5. UV Plastic g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] gful/snfo clwsf/sf] Joj:yf ug'sf ;fy} stjosf] klg Joj:yf u/]sf] 5. o;y k To]s gful/sn] cfkm\gf] ;fjhlgs ;/f]sf/sf] ljifodf ;"rgf dfu u/l ;hu gful/ssf] klxrfg agfpg' k To]s g]kfnl gful/ssf] stjo xf]. s[lif ptkfbg a[lå ugsf nflu ;b}j k of]u ug' xf];\ n'lda sf] emf]n dn All Nepalese Tea & Coffee Center,Kupondol, Phone: , g]kfn ;/sf/ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dgqfno ;"rgf ljefu

8 s[lif ;fktflxs s[lif ;fn ut] ;f]daf/ 8 lh=k =sf=sf7df8f}+ b=g+= )^ )^( ;fn ;f]daf/ * Ps kf]sf alp af 8]/ Joj;flos s[lif v]tl x' b}g ods'df/l >]i7 k d'v lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfofno, sf7df8f} + ) lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfofnon] rfn' cflys aifdf s:tf sfoqmd ;DkGg u of] < rfn' cflys jifdf lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfofno sf7df8f}n] k fljlws ;]jfnfo g} k fyldstf lbp/ cufl8 al9/x]s]f 5. ls;fgx?nfo s[lif k]zfdf g} ;lqmo t'nofpgsf nflu Knfli6s 3/ lgdf0f, ;fgf l;+rfo, k f+ufl/s dndf cg'bfg ;~rflnt 5g\. To:t} Joj;flos s[lif ug nflu/x]sf ls;fgx?nfo ljlegg k sf/sf tflndx? klg xfdln] k bfg ub} cfpsf 5f} +. ) sf7df8f} + lhnnfdf s[lif Joj;fo g} qmdzm 36\b} 5 lg xf]og < sf7df8f}+ lhnnfdf s[lif of]uo e"ldx? 36\b} 5. ;f]xl cg'kftdf s[lif ptkfbg klg 36\bf] cj:yfdf 5. t/ yf]/} hldg ef8fdf lnp/ epklg Joj;flos?kdf v]tl ug]x?sf] ;+Vof eg] sf7df8f}+sf u fld0f e]udf a9\b} uo/x]s]f 5. ljz]if u/l sf7df8f} aflx/sf JolQmx? c:yfol?kdf a;f]af; ug]x?n] g} ef8fdf lnp/ Joj;flos?kdf v]tl ul//xg]sf] ;+Vof a9l b]lvg5. t/ sf7df8f}sf :yfglo ls;fgx?n] k/dk/fut?kdf g} wfg, ds}, ux' v]tl ub} cfo/xg' epsf] 5. ) lhnnfsf] k fyldstfsf] afnlx? s] s] x'g\ t < If]qkmnsf] lx;fjn] x]g] xf] eg] sf7df8f}df wfg g} a9l ptkfbg eo/x]sf] / k/dk/fut?kdf a9l k fyldstf o;n] g} kfpsf] 5. To:t} k/dk/fut?kdf ul/psf v]tlnfo x]g] xf] eg] wfg ux'f k d'v?kdf kb5g\. t/ Joj;flos?kdf t/sf/l v]tl x]g] xf] eg] sfpnl, uf]ne] +8f, /fof] ;fu,a9l 5. kl5nnf] ;dodf Knfli6s 6g]n leq t/sf/l v]tl k lt ls;fgx?sf] cfsif0f al9/x]sf] 5 eg] s]xl Joj;flos ls;fgx?n] xfo6]s k ljlw k of]u ul//x]sf] b]lvg5. cjsf] sf7df8f}+sf] Joj;flos s[lif xfo6]s k ljlwsf dfwodaf6 ug ;Sg] xf] eg] yf]/} hldgdf w]/} ptkfbg lng ;lsg5. yf]kf l;rfo, dlnrª\ k ljlw w]/}n] k of]u ul/;s]sf 5g\. ) sf7df8f}df v]tl ug] pktosf aflx/sf a9l 5g\ egg' ef] s'g If]qsf a9l 5g\ t < sf7df8f}+sf :yfglo ls;fgx?n] Joj;flos v]tl ug] egbf klg cfkm\gf] huuf ef8fdf lbp/ ef8f vfg] k a[lq a9l b]lvg5. :yfglo hgtfsf] huuf ef8fdf lnp/ ljz]if u/l kxf8l lhnnfsf JolQmx? sf7df8f}+df cfp/ t/sf/l v]tl ug] x?sf] ;+Vof w]/} 5. t/fo If]qaf6 cfp/ t/sf/l v]tl ug] ls;fgx? lj/n} kfog5. ) k wfgdgql s[lif cfw'lgsls/0f kl/of]hgf sf7df8f} klg nfu" epsf] b]lvg5 k efjsf/l x'g5 < kl/of]hgf k efjsf/l gx'g] t s'/} epg t/ slt k ltzt k efjsf/l x'g5 egg] s'/f dxtjk"0f xf]. sf7df8f} + lhnnfdf Joj;flos s[lif ug] x?sf] ;+Vof a9\b} upsf sf/0f klg k efjsf/l x'g5 egg]df xfdl 9'Ss 5f}+. hlt ls;fgx? Joj;flos s[lifdf ;lqmo 5g\ pxffx?sf] a9l rf;f] o:tf cfof]hgdf x'g] ub5. goff s'/f, goff k ljlw dfkmt v]tl ug pxffx? pt;'s klg 5g\. sf7df8f} j6f ks]6 If]q 5 eg] cgo lhnnfdf ^) b]lv &) ks]6 If]q :yfkgf ul/psf] 5. t/ sf7df8f}+df v]tl ug] huuf dfl;b} upsf] 5. sf7df8f}+df nfv b'o rf/ s/f]8;dd nufgl u/]/ Joj;flos s[lif v]tl ug]x?sf] ;+Vof a9\b} upsf] 5. Tolt w]/} nufgl u/]/ s[lif Joj;fo ug] x?nfo ks]6 If]q sd ep. t/ Joj;flos s[lif v]tl ugsf nflu huuf kfpg g} ufx f] cj:yf b]lvg5. ) sf7df8f} +sf ls;fgx?sf] dfu s] xf] t < sf7df8f} +df Joj;flos s[lif ug] ls;fgx?sf] dfu eg] s} ;x'lnot b/df C0f xf]. ;/sf/n] kfr k ltztdf C0f lbg] eg]sf] epklg % k ltztdf C0f j} +s lb+b}g egg] ub5g\. To:t} s[lif aldf ugsf nflu klg aldf sdkglx?n] ljlegg vfn] em0em6 lbg] u/]sf] ls;fgx?sf] b'v];f] 5. ;/sf/n] NofPsf] lgod adf]lhd s[lifsf] aldf ;xh agfpg] / ;x'lnot b/sf] C0f sfofgjog u/fpg] s'/f g} ls;fgx?sf] dfu 5. To:t} ahf/ls/0fsf nflu klg ls;fgx?sf] u'gf;f] 5. cgo lhnnfsf] h:tf] cg'bfg dfu ug] ls;fgx? yf]/} 5g\. ) Joj;flos s[lif ugsf nflu huuf ef8fdf gkfpfbf klg s[lifdf cfslift x'g'sf] sf/0f s] h:tf] nfu5 < vf; u/l ljb]zaf6 kms]sf o'jfx? sf7df8f}+df Joj;flos?kdf s[lif v]tl ugsf nflu cfslift epsf 5g\. /f]uhf/lsf] cgo ljsnk gepsf sf/0f / sf7df8f} +df ;]jf ;'ljwf lx;fjn] klg ;xh x'g5 egg] efjgf ls;fgx?df epsfn] sf7df8f} +df Joj;flos s[lifdf cfslift epsf] x'g ;S5. sf7df8f}+sf] sff7 If]qdf ptkfbg epsf] s[lif pkh ljqml ljt/0f ugsf nflu klg ahf/ glhs epsf]n] klg cgt up/ b'v ug' egbf ot} b'v u/f} + egg] dgf]efj klg k}bf epsf] ls;fgx?n] g} atfpg] ub5g\. ljb]z up/ b'v ug' egbf oxl l7s 5 egg]x?sf] hdft a9]sfn] klg s[lifdf cfslift epsf] h:tf] nfu5. ) sf7df8f} + lhnnfdf s[lif If]qdf w]/} ;d:of 5g\ eg5g\ s;/l ;dfwfg ug] ;f]r agfpg' epsf] 5 < lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfofno sf7df8f}+n] ljz]if u/l ;fgf ls;fgx?sf nflu dfu b]vfpg] / epsf] ;]jf pknaw u/fpg] xf]. ;fgf ls;fgx?sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug xfdl ;Fw} tof/ klg 5f} + / ul//x]sf klg 5f} +. t/ 7"nf Joj;flos ls;fgx?sf nflu lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfofnosf] vf;} sfoqmd s]xl klg x'fb}g. sf7df8f}+df s[lif If]qnfO ;xof]u ug] xf] eg] Joj;flos ls;fgx?nfo ;xof]u ug] xf] eg] cln km/s ;f]rn] sfoqmd lbg' kb5. Ps kf]sf alp af+8]/ Joj;flos s[lif v]tl x'fb}g. clxn] Joj;flos?kdf s[lif ug] x? w]/} cwoog u/]/ nfug' epsf] 5. sltko ls;fgx? cgo k]zf 5f8]/ klg nfug' epsf] 5. sf7df8f}+ lhnnf dfq gep/ pktosfsf ltg} lhnnfnfo nlift u/l ljz]if k sf/sf sfoqmdx? ;/sf/n] Nofpg] xf] / sfofgjog ug] xf] eg] pktosfdf klg s[lif If]qn] km8\sf] dfg ;S5. lw/]gb a:g]t kz' cfxf/sf] cefj x'g] ;dodf ;fon]h ptkfbg u/l b"w ptkfbg a[l4 u/f} +. hglxtsf nflu kz' ;]jf ljefu / s[lif ;fktflxs Contact: Ph: , Fax: nafseeds@gmail.com / xa a f]8sfl:6ª\ k f=ln=åf/f k sflzt, sfofnom afuahf/, kmf]g g+m (*%!)%($%%,kf]=j=g+=m$#!@, O d]nm sajnepal@gmail.com, d'b 0fM Zj]tsfnL 5fkfvfgf, sfosf/l ;Dkfbs M of]u]gb k tfk zfxl ;DkfbsM j}s'07 e08f/l