;+;bsf kf r 7"nf bn j}zfv #! d} lgjf{rg u/fpg ;xdt

Transcription

1 ABHIYAN WEEKLY xxx/bcijzboxfflmz/dpn jif{ M #$ c+s M j}zfv * ut] z'qmaf/ 21 Apr., 2017 d"no =!) lgjf{rg ;fg]{ s+fu ];sf] v]n sf7df8f}. :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg cfpg lbgdfq affsl /xfbf ;d]t lgjf{rg x'g] gx'g]df cfz+sf ptkgg epsf] 5. ;Qfsf] k d'v 36s g]kfnl sf+u ];sf dw]z s]lgb t g]tfx?n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgkl5dfq r'gfjdf hfg'kg]{ bafa g]t[tjnfo{ lbpsf 5g\. ;/sf/n] j}zfv #! ut] :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg ug]{ ldlt 3f]if0ff u/]sf] epklg To;nfO{ s]xl lbgkl5 ;f/]/ epklg ;ljwfg ;+zf]gdfkm{t\ dw]zsf dfu ;Daf]wg ug{ kf6l{ g]t[tjn] kxn ug'{kg]{df pglx?n] hf]8 lbpsf 5g\. Pp6f va/, h;n] ;/sf/ g} ugfof] sf7df8f}+. e"sdkkll8tsf nflu ^ va{egbf a9l ah]6dfkm{t /fxtsf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ u7g ul/psf] /fli6«o k'glg{df0f k flws/0fdf klxn] 8f=uf]ljGb kf]v/]nnfo{, To;kl5 ;'zln 1jfnL / km]l/ 8f=uf]ljGb kf]v/]nnfo{ sfo{sf/l agfoof]. kf]v/]n sf+u ];L / ;'zln Pdfn] lyp, ltgsf] ;f]r sf+u ]; / Pdfn]eGbf k/ kll8t;dd k'ug} ;s]g. clxn] klg k flws/0fdf /fhgllts/0f g} eo/x]sf] 5. va/ ;fj{hlgs eof] PghLcf], cfopglhcf]n] sf7df8f}+. ;/sf/n] :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg] ldlt tf]s]sf] lbg] lbg dfq affsl /x]sfa]nf ;+;bdf /x]sf kffr 7"nf bnn] ca s'g} klg axfgf gu/l j}zfv #! ut] g} :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg] ;xdlt u/]sf 5g\. kffr 7"nf bndf g]kfnl sf+u ];, Pdfn], dfcf]jfbl s]gb, /fk kf / kmf]/d nf]stflgqs /x]sf 5g\. kffr} bnsf zlif{ g]tfx?n] ;+o'qm dw];l df]rf{ / ;+3Lo u7agwg ;xdltdf gcfp klg j}zfv #! ut] d'n'se/ Ps} r/0fdf lgjf{rg u/fpg] ;xdlt u/]sf x'g\. a}7sn] ;+o'qm dw];l df]rf{ / ;+3Lo u7agwg;fu nlrnf] ep/ k :t't x'g] lg0f{o ub]{ ;xdltdf gcfpklg s'g} ur5]bf/n] g]t[tju/]sf] kf6l{ nf]stflgqs g]kfnn] ;d]t lkmtf{ lno{;s]sf] 5. /fk kfn] lgjf{rg cfof]usf] lg0f{olj?4 cfgbf]ng ub}{ lgjf{rgsf] sfo{qmdx?nfo{ ;d]t cufl8 a9fpfb} cfpsf] 5. a}zfv #! ut] :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg gx'g] cj:yf l;h{gf epdf p;n] ;/sf/af6 aflxl/p s8f cfgbf]ng ug]{ hgfo;s]sf] 5. /fk kf lgjf{rg u/fpg] ;t{df dfq bfxfn ;/sf/df ;fd]n epsf] xf], olb lgjf{rg gx'g] cj:yf cfpdf /fk kf ;/sf/df a:g'sf] s'g} cf}lrto gx'g] epsf]n] j}zfv axfgfdf lgjf{rg g;fg]{ ;d]t lg0f{o u/]sf] 5. kffr bnsf] lg0f{odf elgpsf] 5, ;se/ dw];l df]rf{;fu ;xdltsf nflu kxn ug]{, t/ ;xdlt x'g g;s]klg tf]lsps} ldltdf lgjf{rg u/fpg] cf}krfl/s wf/0ff aflx/ NofPsf 5g\. kmf]/d nf]stflgqsn] eg] /fhgllts 9+'u]n sf/afxldf knf{g\ t < sf7df8f}. k'iksdn bfxfn g]t[tjsf] ;/sf/n] hlt;'s} ljwlsf] zf;gsf] s'/f kmnfs] klg hgtfn] To;nfO{ ljzjf; ug{ 5f8]sf 5g\. ha;dd ljlwsf] zf;g / sfg'gl /fhosf] kfngf x'fb}g ta;dd s'g} tgq cfpklg b]zdf zflgt axfnl x'g ;fnsf] kl/jt{g / To;kl5 epsf 7"nf 7"nf kl/jt{gx?n] d'n'sdf zflgt axfnl ug{ ;s]gg\ lsg < cflv/l d'n'sdf ljlwsf] zf;g / sfg'gl /fhosf] kfngf gep/} g ;fndf ;jf]{rr cbfntn] st{jo Hofg d'2fdf ;j{:j;lxt hgds}bsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf dfcf]jfbl s]gb sf k"j{;ef;b\ Pj+ g]tf afns[i0f 9'+u]nnfO{ ;jf]{rr cbfntn] ;ftlbgleqdf kqmfp ug{ cfb]z lgjf{rg gep ;/sf/ 9Ng] 9'+u]nnfO{ l;lssd u[xdgql lglw g} sf7df8f}. lgjf{rg cfof]un] cfkm\gf] kf6l{sf] ljwfgaf6 lxgb' /fi6«/ /fh;+:yf x6fpsf] egb} cfof]usf] lg0f{olj?4 /fk kfn] cfgbf]ng hf/l /fv]sf] 5. /fli6«o k hftgq kf6l{n] :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg tf]lspsf] ldlt cyf{t a}zfv #! ut] gep ;/sf/af6 aflxl/p/ s8f cfgbf]ng ug]{ /0fgLlt agfpsf] 5. :d/0f /xf];\ /fk kf ;/sf/af6 aflxl/pkl5 k'iksdn bfxfn g]t[tjsf] ;/sf/ :jt cnkdtdf kg]{5. bfxfn g]t[tjsf] ;/sf/nfo{ lbpsf] ;dy{g ;+o'qm dw]zl df]rf{ / ;+3Lo u7agwgn] klxnf g} lkmtf{ lnpsf 5g\ eg] ljho ;+;bsf kf r 7"nf bn j}zfv #! d} lgjf{rg u/fpg ;xdt eufof] ;/sf/n] sf7df8f}+. ;jf]{rr cbfnt] & lbgleq kqmfp ug'{ elgpsf ;j{:j x/0f;lxt hgds}bsf] km};nf epsf k"j{dfcf]jfbl n8fs' jfns'i0f 9'+u]nnfO{ ;/sf/n] l;lssd k' ofpkl5 g]kfnsf k x/l ;~hfnx?nfo{ kqmfp cfb]z hf/l u/]sf] 5. g]kfnaf6 cfkm} eufpg], clg kqmfp cfb]z hf/l ug]{, of]egbf 7"nf] b08xlgtf / u}/nf]stflgqs cfr/0f c? s] x'g;s5 < ^ lbg;dd t r'krfk a;]sf] lyof] k x/l. ;ftf}+ lbgdf cfp/ k wfgdgqlsf] cfb]zdf k x/l xs{tdf cfpsf] xf] / kqmfp k"hl{ hf/l ug]{ gf6s u/]sf] xf]. of] 36gfn] cfohlkl k sfz cof{nsf] Ifdtfdf klg k Zg p7]sf] 5. cem} OG6/kf]nnfO{ va/ ug]{ / /]8sg{/ gf]l6; hf/l ug]{ xf] eg] jfns[i0f kqmfp kg{ ;S5g\. t/ ;/sf/ g} jfns[i0fsf] kifdf plepkl5 pgl kqmfp kg]{ s'g} ;Defjgf g} 5}g. o:tf] cnf]stflgqs, lg/+s"z zf;gnfo{ s;/l nf]stgq egg] < o; ;DaGwdf affsl ^ k]hdf lgjf{rg lj/f]wl sf7df8f}. k'iksdn bfxfn g]t[tjsf] ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg lbgdfq affsl /x]sf] a]nf ;/sf/sf pkk wfg Pj+ u[xdgql ljdn]gb lglwn] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg gep;dd lgjf{rg x'g g;sg] clejolqm lbpsf] egb} lgjf{rg cfof]un] dgql lglwsf] egfok lt cfklq hgfpsf] 5. dgql lgwln] lgjf{rg cfof]u jftfj/0f gagfo{ lgjf{rg ug{ gx'g] wf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf] lyof]. lgjf{rgsf] ldlt glhlsfb} ubf{ dw];l df]rf{n] / ;'/Iff tof/ln] dfq a}zfv #! df lgjf{rg x'g ckof{kt /x]sfn] /fhgllts bnx?alr ;xdlt h'6fpg'kg]{ cfjzostf /x]sf] l6\j6 u/]sf lyp. ;f]xl l6\j6nfo{ lnp/ lgjf{rg cfof]un] cfklq hgfpsf] xf]. lgjf{rg cfof]usf cg';f/ ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] ldlt j}zfv #! ut] Ps} r/0fdf lgjf{rg u/fpg cfof]u k lta4 /x]sf] / ;f]xl cg'?k ;Dk"0f{ tof/l eo/x]sf] a]nf u[xdgqlsf] l6\j6n] cfof]usf] sfd sf/afxlk lt cfd hgtfdf låljwf ptkgg epsf] egb} u[xdgql lglwsf] l6\j6k lt cfof]u cfzro{lst epsf] hgfpsf] 5. Psflt/, s]xl /fhgllts bnx?n] kf6l{ut?kdf r'gfj lrgx gkfpsf] egb} lj/f]w ul//x]sf 5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ s]xl dw]zjfbl bnx?n] cfkm"x?n] eg] adf]lhd ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg gepsf] egb} lgjf{rg alxisf/sf] 3f]if0ff ub}{ lgjf{rg ljyf]ng] sfo{qmd cl3 ;f/]sf] a]nf zflgt affsl ^ k]hdf

2 @ Challenges to CPEC By : Dr Z. N Jaspal SINCE April 2015, China and Pakistan have been endeavouring to complete their joint China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) project. The project is imperative for both states sustainable economic growth. Moreover, many Eurasian, Central and West Asian countries had also expressed their desire to partake in the project. The new membership, certainly, enhance the efficacy of the project. These developments accentuate that the project contains potential to revolutionize the regional commerce and positively contribute in the global trade. CPEC project is having potential to transform the socio-economic landscape of Pakistan. The economic stability is imperative for political stability. The economic and political stability not only enhance the internal and external security of the state, but also germinate more opportunities for the prosperity of the citizens. Simultaneously, the CPEC would contribute constructively in the gradual peaceful rise of China. It would provide Chinese merchants shortest and secure route to West Asia. China will also get relief from the Malacca strait imbroglio. Neither the economic stability of Pakistan is acceptable to its regional competitors, nor China s emergence as a global power is tolerable to many states. They are aware about the potential progressive outcome of the CPEC, which is a flagship project of President Xi Jinping One-Road, One- Belt vision. According to the estimates the One-Road, One-Belt would establish close land and maritime connections between/among 60-plus countries across Asia and Europe. This connectivity definitely usher an era of prosperity for all the members of the project. China s pivot to West and Pakistan s pivot to Central, West, and South Asia bothers regional and global aspiring hegemons. Consequently, they have been hatching regional and international conspiracies to sabotage the CPEC project. The fifth column is endlessly working in creating mistrust between the provincial and central governments in Pakistan. It is also negatively propagating that Chinese would sell their cheap products in the Pakistani market, which may cause unemployment as well as destruction of local industries. Indeed, cunning treacheries tricks of the fifth column are perilous for the CPEC project as well as hazardous for the economic prosperity of the people of Pakistan. The American strategic community considers China as an emerging strategic competitor in the current geo-political landscape of the world. Hence, Asia- Pacific region has became a geostrategic priority for the Pentagon. Obama Administration s pivot or rebalance strategy in Asia- Pacific was designed in to contain China. In this context, the CPEC reduces Chinese dependence on the South China Sea trade route. Subsequently, it would facilitate China to take firm actions while pursuing its strategic objectives in Asia- Pacific. Beijing has been developing powerful forces capable of deterring and defeating aggression of any state, including United States, in South China Sea. Since 2015, Chinese have been signaling that in South China Sea, they would not accept external actors interference. It seems determined to monitor the navigation operations in the South China Sea and continue developing bases on its Islands in the Sea. The United States and its like-minded European nations also seemed frustrated with the CPEC. It was reported that almost all the central European states including United Kingdom, except Italy, would be distancing from a summit organized by Chinese President Xi Jinpingon a new Silk Roadscheduled in May The objective of the summit is to advertise the One Belt, One Road international credentials and make it less China-centric. The encouraging news is that Presidents of Russian Federation, Philippine, Switzerland, Czech Republic and Prime Ministers of Spain, Greece, Hungary, Serbia and Poland along 28 other leaders will attendant the summit. The Indian ruling elite s hysterical attitude towards CPEC is alarming. It has been endeavouring to create internal discord in Pakistan. The Indians are cognizant to the fact that once CPEC is implemented; it would change the face of Balochistan. More precisely, the people of Balochistan would be its greatest beneficiary in the long term. Therefore, the Indian intelligence agency RAW crafted a network in Balochistan to obstruct the construction of CPEC infrastructure. Admittedly, China has maintained impressive bilateral working relations with India. Currently, it is having more than 80 billion US dollar bilateral trade volume with India. Despite having impressive economic relations with Beijing, Premier Modi government is determined to wreck CPEC project because it is in the interest of Pakistan. Moreover, the Indo-US strategic partnership has been receiving a positive response from both Modi Govt and Trump Administration. On April 18, 2017, HR McMaster, President Donald Trump s national security adviser, visited New Delhi to assure Premier Modi to increase defence cooperation. He also promised to support India s status as a major defense US partner and Indo- Pacific doctrine. The primary objective of the Americans is to build and encourage India to counter China s increasing significance in Asia. To conclude, the CPEC project would be transforming the global geo-economic landscape. China and Pakistan would be the primary beneficiary of the project. Hence, Beijing and Islamabad ought to be prepared to intelligently encounter the anti-cpec regional and global challenges. jfojfo Unf]sn l6g lx/f]sf] t]; f] ;+:s/0f rf}w/l ;d"xsf] ptkfbg jfojfon] jfojfo Unf]sn l6g lx/f]úsf] dfwodaf6 lszf]/ lszf]/ldf epsf] k ]/0ff / pt;fx k :km'6g u/l pglx n] ;dfhdf u/]sf] sfdsf] sb/ c dfem lrgfpg] sfo{qmd ;'? u/]sf] 5. d~rdfkm{t lszf]/ lszf]/ldf epsf] pt;fx, /rgftds sfdsf] klxrfg u/l cgonfo{ pbdl ;f]rfosf] ljsf; ug{ ptk ]l/t ug{ sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/psf] xf]. ;dlk{t / /rgftds lszf]/ lszf]/lsf] klxrfg u/l xf};nf k bfg ug]{ sfo{qmdsf] of] t]; f] ;+:s/0f xf]. sfo{qmddf gjnk/f;lsl ljkgf zdf{, afnclwsf/ sfo{stf{ / ;Gtf]if nfld5fg], o'jf j}1flgs k yd eo{ k'/:s[t epsf] rf}w/l u' kn] hgfpsf] 5. d'n'ssf ljlegg 7fpFaf6 lszf]/ lszf]/lnfo{ sfo{qmddf ;xeful u/fpg of] jif{ sf7df8f}+nufot ljlegg!^ ;x/dwo] wgu9l, dx]gb gu/, g]kfnugh, t'n;lk'/, afun'ª, a'6jn, e}/xfjf, hgsk'/, emfkf, lj/f6gu/, nxfg, ag]kf, kf]v/fdf Unf]snsf k ltlglw / ;b:o hfg]5g\. of] jif{sf] sfo{qmdsf nflu Unf]sn jfojfosf ;fydf sf]sfsf]nf, k~rsgof u 'k, 6f]o6f ef]oy, xf]g8f, So'PkmPS; l;g]df, NofG8dfs{ Ph's];/ clkml;on kf6{g/sf kdf ;f]n6l qmfpg Knfhf /x]sf] u 'kn] hgfpsf] 5. o:t}, g]kfn ko{6g af]8{, o'/f]lkog o'lgog, o'pgl8kl / g];gn o'y sfplg;n /0fgLlt kf6{g/, l6g km/ ;:6]g]an 8]enkd]G6 uf]nú gf/f;lxtsf] ;kf]6{ /xg]5. o;}u/l Po/nfOg kf6{g/df stf/ Po/j]h, P;Pd;df :kf/f], cfopdo{ u 'knufotsf] ;xof]u /xg]5. of] jif{sf] sfo{qmdsf] d'vo p2]zo d'n'se/sf lszf]/ lszf]/lnfo{ ;xeful agfo{ klxrfg sfod ug{ d~rn] ;xof]u k' ofpg] rf}w/l u 'ksf] egfo 5. Unf]sn k flnsf lkcf/ Dofg]h/ tyf jfojfo Unf]sn l6g lx/f]sf ;+of]hs sfhf]n emfn] ljlegg k l;4 / k ltli7t ;+:yf;fu ;DalGwt eo{ sfo{qmdsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sl lyog\. lszf]/ lszf]/ldf /x]sf ljlegg Ifdtfsf dfwodaf6 ;dfh / /fi6«sf] ljsf;sf nflu d~r pknaw u/fpg] p2]zon] sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/psf] Unf]snsf sfo{sf/l lgb]{zs cflzif 7fs'/n] atfp. sfo{qmddf % ;b:o lg0ff{os d08n /xg]5g\. h;df g]kfnsf nflu o'pgl8klsf cfjf;lo k ltlglw l/gfp8 ldo/, j}bh\ cu{gfoh];sf cwoif ;'/h j}b, ;f]n6l xf]6]nsf hg/n Dofg]h/ pkf/ dh'dbf/, gflosf Crf zdf{ / lk Hdf P8e6f{Olhªsf l;ocf] /lght cfrfo{n] lg0ff{os d08nlsf kdf sfd ug]{ u 'kn] atfpsf] 5. sfdsf] k efjsf cfwf/df pts[i6 ^ hgfdwo] cgtjf{tf{åf/f ljh]tf 3f]if0ff ul/g]5. Unf]sn l6g lx/f]sf] k'/:sf/ ljt/0f cfpfbf] ;]K6]Da/! df ljlegg If]qsf prr kbflwsf/l ;lddlnt sfo{qmd ul/g]5. Unf]sn l6g lx/f]sf] cfj]bg!$ clk b]lv v'n]sf] 5 eg] cgnfog cfj]bgdfkm{t lgmz'ns eg{ ;lsg]5. jfojfosf] Unf]sn cgt/f{li6«o l6g ;Dd]ng g]kfndf lszf]/ lszf]/lsf nflu klxnf]k6s cgt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng cfof]hg ul/g nfu]sf] xf].

3 # c;gt'i6 k"j{/fhf ;Gt'li6 vf]hg lg:s] eg] < /fhg sfsl{ gof jif{sf] ;fnsf] ;xdlt lsg tf]8]sf] < czflgt / c/fhstf a9\of], l:y/tf cfpg ;s]g, b]z ;+s6df k of], oxl xf] nf]stgq < eg]/ k Zg u/]sf k"j{/fhfsf] c;gt'li6 t ;fj{hlgs eof], :jo+ k"j{/fhf ;Gt'li6 vf]hg ;8sdf lg:s] eg] s] xf]nf < To;} klg /fhgllt tftg yfn]sf] 5. pq/ k b]zdf of]ul cflbtogfy d'vodgql epkl5 lxgb'jfblx?sf sf/0f lxgb'jfb klg tft]sf] 5. /fk kfn] nf]stflgqs /fhtgq / lxgb"jfbsf] l;4fgtsf nflu ;8s, ;+;b / cbfntdf cfgbf]ng 5]8]kl5 t g]kfnsf] /fhglltdf o" 6g{ x'g;sg] ;Defagf emg a9]sf] 5. of] l:yltdf k"j{/fhfn] lgd{n lgjf;af6 a;gtk'/;dd lx8]/ hfg] / s'df/lsf] bz{g ug]{, a;gtk'/af6 nlnk'/sf] d+unjhf/;dd k'u]/ aunfd'vlsf] bz{g ug]{ / Toxf af6 eqmk'/;dd lx8]/ hfg] / gjb'uf{sf] bz{g u/]/ lgd{n lgjf; kms{g x'gg < nf]stflgqs /fhf /fli6«o d'2f xf], lxgb'wd{ hgtfsf] dfu xf]. ol b'a} dfu / d'2fsf nflu k"j{/fhfn] hgtfsf] dfusf] ;Ddfg / /fli6«o cfjzostfsf] kl/k"lt{sf nflu Tolt ug]{ xf] eg] g]kfnsf] of] dgnfultgq, cfnf]kfnf]tgq, l;l08s]6tgq, clgoldttf / e i6frf/tgq, t:s/ / dflkmoftgq lsgf/f nfug ;S5g\. k"j{/fhfn] Tolt ug{ x'gg < hgtfn] vf]h]sf a]nfdf d oxl 5' egg] k"j{/fhf, oxl xf] nf]stgq eg]/ k Zg ug]{ k"j{/fhf, hgtfsf s'/f sfg yfk]/ Wofg k"j{s ;'Gg] k"j{/fhfn] To;f] u/] s;f] xf]nf < /fhtgq / lxgb"jfbsf] j}rfl/s l;4fgt af]sbf /fk kfdfly lg/+s"z cfqmd0f epsf] 5. lsg < of] k Zg o;sf/0f klg dxtjk"0f{ 5 ls ljv08gjfbl, b]z 6'qmf 6'qmf kfg]{, kxf8 / dw]; cnu agfpg vf]hg]x?nfo{ sfvf / g]kfn Ps g]kfnl Ps egg] /fk kfdfly lje]b u/]/ p;sf] j}rfl/s :jtgqtfdfly k fof]lht / lgof]lht?kdf wfjf af]lnpsf] 5. o;sf] lj?4df /fk kf hfuof], /fk kfsf] of] hfu/0f ;]nfpg glbg] xf] eg] s]xl ;doleq} nf]stflgqs /fhtgq / lxgb"/fi6«k'g:yf{kgf ug{ lj/f]wlx?;d]t afwo x'g]5g\. cfd g]kfnlsf] ;fy /fk kfnfo{ clxn] g} b]lvg'n] klg /fk kf ;xl 5 / ;Qf unt 5 egg] k dfl0ft eo;s]sf] 5. k wfgdgql k'iksdn bfxfnn] dxfgofoflwjqmf /d0f >]i7 / k d'v lgjf{rg cfo'qm cof]lwk ;fb ofbj; u ;Nnfx u/]/ /fk kfsf] clwj]zgaf6 kfl/t ljwfg h'g lgjf{rg cfof]udf k]z epsf] lyof], cfof]un] To; ljwfgsf nf]stflgqs /fhtgq / lxgb"/fi6«;dagwl a' bf l8ln6 ul/lbpsf] 5. z'qmjf/ Tof] hfgsf/l kfpsf] /fk kfn] cfkm\gf] ;+j}wflgs j}rfl/s :jtgqtfdfly xdnf gug{ r]tfjgl lbp klg lgjf{rg cfof]un] a]jf:tf u/]kl5 /fk kfn] r}t & ut] b]z}el/ ;8s cfgbf]ng ;'? u/]sf] 5. ;+;bdf cfkm\gf ol b'j} l;4fgt ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgdf kfl/g'k5{ eg]/ k :tfj btf{ u/fpsf] 5 eg] k d'v lgjf{rg cfo'qmnfo{ ttsfn k'glj{rf/ ug{ cg'/f]w ul/psf] 5. /fk kfn] yfn]sf] ;8s cfgbf]ngnfo{ y]ug / yfdg u[xdgql ljdn]gb lglwn] g;s]/ c>' Uof; / nf7l rfh{ ug{ cfb]z lbpsf 5g\. h;af6 /fk kfsf g]tf sfo{stf{x? 3fon epsf 5g\. sltko /utkr5];d]t ep. ;+ljwfgn] /fhgllts ljrf/dfly k ltjgw nufog] 5}g eg]sf] 5, lgjf{rg cfof]un] /fk kfsf] ljwfg g} s]/d]6 ul/lbpkl5 lgjf{rg cfof]u / /fk kf cfdg] ;fdg] x'gk'u]sf x'g\. lgjf{rg cfof]u eg5 M lxgb"/fi6«/ /fhtgqsf] ljrf/ /fvg kfogg. /fk kf eg5 lxgb' /fi6«/ /fh;+:yf cfkmgf] kf6l{sf] k f0f xf]. cwoif sdn yfkfsf cg';f/ ljrf/dfly k ltagw nufpg vf]h] agb's af]s]/ ;+3if{sf] d}bfgdf plqog5. nf]stgqsf] whhl p8fpg] lgjf{rg cfof]ulj?4 h'g;'s} sbd rfng /fk kf t}of/ 5. gegb} r}t & ut] /fk kfsf cwoif tyf pkk wfgdgql sdn yfkf, cgo dgql, g]tf / sfo{stf{x? b]zjofkl ;8sdf h'n'; / wgf{ u/]sf] b]lvof]. /fk kfn] cfkm\gf] zlqm k bz{g u/]/ b]vfolbpsf] 5. lgjf{rg cfof]un] /fk kfsf] clwj]zgn] kfl/t u/]sf] lxgb'/fi6«/ /fh;+:yfú zjb g} l8ln6 ul/lbpkl5 /fk kf qm'4 ag]sf] xf]. /, /fk kfn] ;8s cfgbf]ng / Goflos dfu{af6 cfkm\gf] ;+j}wflgs :jtgqtfsf] /Iff ug]{ hgfp lbpsf] 5. oltdfq xf]og, /fk kfn] kf6l{sf] k :tfjgf / pb]zodf pnn]lvt d'ne"t dfgotfnfo{ x6fp/ lawfg kl/jt{g ug]{ u/l lgjf{rg cfof]un] u/]sf] lg0f{onfo{ cfklqhgs Pj+ ;+lawfgsf] dd{ / efjgf ljkl/t /x]sf] bfal ub}{ lgjf{rg cfof]usf] pqm lg0f{o cl:jsf/ ub}{ lgjf{rg cfof]unfo{ cfkm\gf] lg0f{o ;Rofpg s8fzjbdf 1fkg;lxtsf] cfu x u/]sf] 5. /fk kfn] kbflwsf/l j}7saf6} r/0fj4 cfgbf]ngsf] 3f]if0ff u/]/ wgf{ / 1fkgkq a'emfpg] sfo{;d]t ;'? ul/;s]sf] 5. lxgb'/fi6«k'g:yf{kgfsf] nflu ;+;bdf ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg k :tfj 5nkmndf Nofpg] sfo{;"rl;d]t to eo;s]sf] 5. :d/0flo 5 lgjf{rg cfof]un] ut z'qmaf/ ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f $ df plnnlvt wd{ lg/k]if tyf u0ftgqftds;dagwl k fjwfg; u d]n gvfpsf] b]lv+bf pqm lxgb' /fi6«pj+ /fh;+:yf;lxtsf] / lxgb'tjsf] egg] jfsof+z x6fo{ ljwfgsf] af sl Joxf]/fnfO{ k dfl0ft ug]{ú lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof]. ef]lnkn6} /fk kfn] lgjf{rg cfof]un] cfkm\gf] lg0f{oaf/] k'glj{rf/ gu/] r'gfjsf] jftfj/0f wldlng ;Sg] / cwoif sdn yfkfn] ;Qfaf6 aflxl/g afwo x'g];ddsf] s8f r]tfjgl ;d]t lbpsf 5g\. cwoif yfkfsf] dt 5 ljrf/dfly g} k ltagw nufpg] u/l lgjf{rg cfof]usf] lg0f{o unt 5. o;f] u/]/ lgjf{rg cfof]u cfkm}n] lgjf{rgsf] jftfj/0f wldnofpg vf]h]sf] b]lvg5 egb} lgjf{rg gep To;sf] ;Dk"0f{ bf]if lgjf{rg cfof]un] lng'k5{. lgjf{rg cfof]un] ljrf/dfly k ltjgw nufof] < of] ljifodf ljzn]ifsx? eg5g\ of] k wfgdgql tyf dfcf]jfbl s]gb sf cwoif k'iksdn bfxfnsf] b'o{wf/] gllt xf]. k d'v lgjf{rg cfo'qm cof]lwk ;fb ofbj bfxns} sf]6faf6 lgo'qm epsf k d'v lgjf{rg cfo'qm x'g\. k wfgdgqln] /fk kfsf cwoifnfo{ pkk wfgdgql agfp/ /fhtgq / lxgb"jfbsf] j}rfl/s l;4fgt af]sbf /fk kfdfly lg/+s"z cfqmd0f epsf] 5. lsg < of] k Zg o;sf/0f klg dxtjk"0f{ 5 ls ljv08gjfbl, b]z 6'qmf 6'qmf kfg]{, kxf8 / dw]; cnu agfpg vf]hg]x?nfo{ sfvf / g]kfn Ps g]kfnl Ps egg] /fk kfdfly lje]b u/]/ p;sf] j}rfl/s :jtgqtfdfly k fof]lht / lgof]lht?kdf wfjf af]lnpsf] 5. o;sf] lj?4df /fk kf hfuof], /fk kfsf] of] hfu/0f ;]nfpg glbg] xf] eg] s]xl ;doleq} nf]stflgqs /fhtgq / lxgb"/fi6«k'g:yf{kgf ug{ lj/f]wlx?;d]t afwo x'g]5g\. cfkm\gf] ;/sf/ l6sfpg] / lgjf{rgdf lxgb'jfb / /fhtgqsf] ef]6 tfg]/ 7"nf] kf6l{ agg;sg] epsfn] To;sf] kv]6f sf6\g] sfdsf nflu k d'v lgjf{rg cfo'qmsf] b'?kof]u u/]sf x'g\. lglzrt Hanumansthan, Anamnagar Po Box Kathmandu, Nepal, Tel , Head Office Branch Office?kdf cfufdl lgjf{rgdf /fk kfn] ax'dt Nofpg] u/l kf6l{ PsLs/0fsf ;fy klxnf]k6s :ki6 l;4fgt lnp/ d}bfgdf plqpsf] 5. r'gfjl k/liffaf6 j}slnks kf6l{ agg /fk kfn] ;+ljwfgsf dfwodaf6 r'gfj x'g}k5{ egb} r'gfjl jftfj/0f agfpg cu ;/ epsf] 5. t/=== klxn] g} dfcf]jfbl tl;{of]. sf+u ];sf] ;ftf] uof]. lxhf] l;nf vf]hg'kg] { /fk kf cfh ;8s ttfpg ;Sg]dfq xf]og, dfcf]jfbl / sf+u ];sf] u7agwg ;/sf/ l6sfpg ;Sg] x}l;otdf 5. eggnfo{ rf}yf] 7"nf] bn xf] t/ 7"nf tlg bn r'tyf] rl/qdf k'u]sfn] /fk kf rf}yf] eosg klg /fhglltsf] s]gb ljgb' agg ;kmn epsf] 5. j}zfv #! sf] lgjf{rg eof] eg] /fk kfn] :yfglo lgsfod} cfkm\gf] ar{:j 7"nf tlg bnnfo{ b]vfolbg ;S5. oxl 8/ 5 7"nf bnx?nfo{ / /fk kfnfo{ lxgb"/fi6«/ nf]stflgqs /fhtgqsf] ljrf/ ljwfgdf /fvg} glbg] if8ogq eo/x]sf] 5. /fk kf cj nv]6]/ nv]l6g] bn /x]g. /fk kf cj bk]6]/ bk]l6g] bn klg /x]g. /fk kf cfkm}df zlqmzfnl bn ag]sf] 5. /fk kfn] lgjf{rgdf up/ hgdtaf6 cfkm\gf] x}l;ot :yflkt ug]{, ;+;baf6 nf]stflgqs /fhtgq / lxgb"/fi6«k'g:yf{kgf u/]/} 5f8\g] ;ky vfpsf] 5. /fk kfsf] of] 3f]lift glltk lt cfdhgdfg;dffq xf]og, 7"nf bnleqsf zflgt / ;d'gglt rfxg] g]tf / sfo{stf{x?;d]t ;xdt 5g\. Sajha Express (p.) Ltd. Domestic & INT L Courier Cargo Service Barnwal Market, Birgunj Hari Panta (Branch Manager), Tel ,

4 j}zfv * ut] z'qmaf/ $ k9\yof}+ xfdl a;lsg ;Fu} j]b, afoan, gdfh k;]s]xl g/kz'x Wj:t kf/] ;dfh. d of} Ho"Fb} Tof] h:n] lal;{of] b]zsf] df6f] affrof] Tof] d/]/ klg h:n] ;ldemof] b]zsf] df6f]. sfo/ ep/ k6s k6s dg'{egbf axfb'/ ep/ Ps} k6s dg{ ;sf}+. cleofgjf0fl hgtfdfly ljzjf; gep/} alxisf/ k'iksdn bfxfn g]t[tjsf] ;/sf/n] oxl j}zfv #! ut] tf]s]sf] :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rgnfo{ dw];l df]rf{ / ;+3Lo u7gagwgn] lgjf{rg g} ljyf]ng] u/l agb x8\tfnsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\. ;/sfnn] df]rf{ / ;+3Lo u7agwgsf] dfu k'/f ug{ eg]/ k'/fgf] ;+zf]wg ljw]os lkmtf{ lnp/ gfof ;+zf]wg ljw]os ;+;bdf btf{ ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf df]rf{ / u7agwg cfgbf]ngdf upsf x'g\. clxn] k fkt epsf pknlawx?nfo{ /Iff ub}{ affsl /x]sf c;gt'i6lx?nfo{ d'2f agfp/ hgtfsf alrdf n}hfg] ljsnkx? x'fbfx'fb} lgjf{rg g} alxisf/ ug]{ / layf]ng] af6f]df df]rf{ / u7agwg hfg'n] pglx?sf] lgjf{rgk ltsf] lgotdfly g} k Zg lrgx nfu]sf] 5. df]rf{ / u7agwgsf] ;xdltd} ;/sf/n] ;+zf]wg k :tfj ;+;bdf btf{ u/fpsf] pb\3f]if ul//x]sf a]nf df]rf{ / u7agwgn] To;nfO{ 7f8} c:jlsf/ ug'{n] bfxfn ;/sf/sf] kf]n ;d]t v'n]sf] 5. ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fs} qmddf df]rf{n] c;gt'i6l hgfp/ To;} a]nf pm ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fnfo{ 5f8]/ dw]; cfgbf]ngdf upsf] lyof]. ToxL dw]; cfgbf]nnfo{ b]vfp/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fkzrft ef/tn] em08} ^ dlxgf;dd c3f]lfift gfsfagbl ;d]t nufpsf] lyof]. ef/tn] nufpsf] c3f]lift gfsfagblnfo{ dw]jfbl bnn] :jfut u/]sf lyp. clxn] :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rgsf] ldlt glhlsfb} hffbf dw];df a;f]af; ug] { hgtf dw];jfbl bnx?;fu?i6 x' Fb} upsf / cfkm\gf] bz]dfly l5d]sl d'n'sn] gfsfagbl nufpfbf To;nfO{ :jfut ub} { cem s8f gfsfagbl ug{ ef/t;fu cfu x ug] { dw];jfbl bnx?nfo{ hgtfn] ljzjf; ug{ g;s]sf x'gfn] pglx? :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg alxisf/ ug] { / lgjf{rg g} layff]ng] kifdf pleg k'u]sf 5g\. ;+ljwfgsf cgtj{:t'df c;gt'i6l hgfp/ df]rf{n] cfgbf]ng ;'? ubf{ p;n] cl3;f/]sf d'vo tlg j6f ljifo lyp, ;Ldfs+gsf] x]/km]/, hg;+vofsf cfwf/df lgjf{rg If]q k'g/fjnf]sg / /fhosf x/]s c+udf ;fdfg'kflts ;dfj]zl k ltlglwtj. log} ljifonfo{ ;Daf]wg ug{ df3df ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg dfkm{t lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f / ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zl l;4fgtsf cwf/df k ltlglwtjsf] dfu ;Daf]wg u/]sf] lyof]. t/, df]rf{n] k fb]lzs ;Ldfs+gnfO{ a6dnfog egb} cfgbf]ngnfo{ cufl8 a9fpfb} nuof]. df]rf{nfo{ dgfpg d+l;/df bf]; f] k6s ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg k :tf ;+;bdf btf{ u/fpsf] lyof]. h'g k :tfj ;+;bdf k]z ;d]t eo;s]sf] lyof]. t/, To;af6 ;d]t df]rf{ ;Gt'i6 x'g ;s]g eg] k d'v k ltkifl bn / ;Qfd} /x]sf] /fk kf ;d]t ;xdt x'g ;s]gg\. df]rf{ nufot cgo bnx? ;xdt x'g g;s]kl5 ;/sf/n] Tof] ljw]os lkmtf{ lnp/ csf]{ ljw]os ;+;bdf btf{ u/fpsf] 5. ToxL ljw]osnfo{ ;d]t df]rf{ / u7agwgn] cw'/f] / q'6lk"0f{ egb} ;+3Lo ;+;b / k b]zsf] lgjf{rgkl5 dfq :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg x'g'kg]{ / :yfglo tx lgjf{rg k b]z ;/sf/n] u/fpg' kg]{ ts{ cl3 ;f/]/ lgjf{rg alxisf/ dfq gug]{ / lgjf{rg g} layf]ng] wdsl lbfb} To;} cg'?ksf sfo{qmd ;jf{hlgs u/]sf 5g\. /fho k'gm;+/rgf cfof]un] :yfglo txsf] ;+Vof & ;o!( agfpg' kg]{ k ltj]bg lbp klg df]rf{sf] dfunfo{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;/sf/n] :yfglo txsf] ;+Vof & ;o $$ k' ofpg] lg0f{o ;d]t u/]/ df]rf{nfo{ dgfpg] k of; u/]klg df]rf{n] dfux? ykb} upsf] x'gfn] df]rf{ / ;/sf/alr ;xdlt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g. df]rf{ / u7agwgsf] em08} 8]9 jif{egbf nfdf] cfgbf]naf6 s]xl g} pknlaw geph:t} u/l k :t't eo/s]sf] 5. t/, o;alrdf s]xl pknlawx? epsf 5g\. ;QfkIf s]xl nrs b]lvp klg df]rf{ / u7agwgn] ;/sf/nfo{ unfp/ cfkm\gf ;a} dfux? x'ax' k'/f ug} {kg] { c8fg lnfb} cfpsfn] d'n's clxn] lg0f{osf] agbl alg/x]sf] 5. dw];l df]rf{ / u7agwsf] cfgbf]ngn] :yfglo tx lgjf{rgnfo{ clgzrotkm{ ws]ng] ;Defjgf b]lvpsf] 5. of] nf]stgq / ljs]lgbs/0fsf lgldt k To'Tkfbs x'g;s5. ;+ljwfg;wfgaf6 lgdf{0f ul/psf] ;+ljwfgn] :yfglotxnfo{ clwsf/ ;DkGg agfpsf] 5. tl clwsf/x? :yfglo lgjf{rgaf6 r'lgpsf hgtfsf k ltlglwx?n] sfof{gjog ub} { hfg] x'g\. ;/sf/n] o;egbf klxnf epsf :yfglo lgsfox? vf/]h ul/;s]sf] / :yfglo lgjf{rg gepsf] jif{ x'g nfu]sfn] clxn] x'g nfu]sf] :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg /f]sg vf]hg' dw];l df]rf{ / u7agwgs} nflu ;d]t k To'Tkfbs agg ;Sg] tkm{ pglx?n] Wofg lbg} k5{. df]rf{ / u7agwgsf] dfunfo{ ;Da]wg ug{ ;/sf/n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg k :tfj ljw]ossf?kdf ;+;bdf btf{ u/fp klg ;/sf/;fu b'o{ ltxfo{ ax'dt g/x]sf] x'gfn] clxn] g} ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg x'g'k5{ egg] x7 df]rf{ / u7agwgn] ToUg} k5{. :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rgsf nflu ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] cjfzostf b]lvfb}g. ;Ldf+sgsf] x]/km]/ / /fli6«o;efsf] u7gsf] k fjwfgn] :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rgdf s'g} k efj /fvb}g. To;}n] clxn] k fkt epsf pknlawx?nfo{ /Iff ub} { 3f]lift epsf] :yfglo lgjf{rgdf hfg' g} dw];l df]rf{ / ;+3Lo u7agwgsf nflu lxts/ x'g] 5. nf]stgqdf lgjf{rg alxisf/ ug] { clwsf/ epklg lgjf{rg g} layf]ng' cnf]stflgqs sfo{ xf]. hgtfn] clwsf/ kfpg] s'/fdf s;}n] lj/f]w ug' { x' Fb}g. :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rgn] hgtfn] clwsf/ kfpg] epsfn] pglx?nfo{ clwsf/ kfpgaf6 /f]sg vf]hg' /fhgllts bnx?sf nflu ;'xfpfbf] ljifo xf]og. ;d:of ep /fhgllts bnx?n] jftf{ / ;Djfbsf dfwodaf6 ;dfwfg vf]hg' k5{, hgtfnfo{ xltof/ agfp/ xf]og egg] xfdln] 7fg]sf 5f} +. bfxfn ;/sf/ cnkdtdf kg{ ;Sg] ;/sf/n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg lbg dfq affsl /xfbf lgjfr{g /f]sg k wfgdgql bfxfnnfo{ bafa k/]sf] k wfgdgql bfxfnn] :jlsf/ u/]sf 5g\. ;+o'qm dw];l df]rf{ / ;+3Lo u7agwgn] :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg alx:sf/ ug]{ / lgjf{rg ljyf]ng] /0fgLlt cg';f/ cfkm\gf cfgbf]ngsf] sfo{qmd cuf8l a9fo/x]sf] j]nf k wfgdgql bfxfnn] cfkm"nfo{ lgjf{rg /f]sg bafa k/]sf] ep klg cfkm"n] tf]lsps} ;do cyf{t a}zfv #! ut] g} lgjf{rg ul/5f8\g] k lta4tf hgfp klg k wfgdgql bfxfnsf] k lta4tfnfo{ :jlsf/ ul/xfng] cj:yf b]lvpsf] 5}g. lgjf{rg cfof]un] ;d]t ca sg'} xfntdf klg lgjf{rg /f]sg g;lsg] clejolqm lbo;s]sf] / lgjf{rgsf] clgtd tof/l ;d]t k"/f x'g nfu]sf] atfo/x] klg lgjf{rg x'g5 of x'gg egg]df bnx? g} ljzj:t x'g ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\. dw];jfbl bnx? ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fs} j]nf ttsflng ;+ljwfg;ef 5f8]/ dw]; cfgbf]ngdf upsf lyp. dw];jfbl bnx?n] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] clgtd r/0fdf ;+ljwfg;ef 5f8]sf x'gfn] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f eo hf/l ;d]t eof]. clxn] ToxL ;+ljwfg sfof{gjogsf nflu :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg ;/sf/ nflu k/] ;fn >fj0f!( ut] g]kfnl sf+u ]; / dfcf]jfbl s]gb n] dw];jfbl bnx?;fu u/]sf] tlg a' Fb] ;xdlt g} sf+u ]; / dfcf]jfbl s]gb nfo{ 3fF8f] ;fljt epsf] 5. ;Qf xtofpgsf nflu xfd f /fhgllts bnx? cfkm\gf] x}l;otegbf aflx/ up/ hf] ;'s};fu h:tf];'s} ;xdlt / ;Demf}tf ug{ kl5 kb} {gg\ egg] k df0f dw];jfbl bnx?;fu u/]sf tlg a' Fb] ;xdltn] k i6 kf/]sf] 5. ;Qf xtofpgsf nflu ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ul/ tlg} txsf] lgjf{rgdf hfg] sf+u ]; dfcf]jfbl s]gb sf] # a' Fb] ;xdlt g} clxn]sf] k d'v ;d:ofsf]?kdf b]lvpsf] 5. ;ljwfg;efdf pkl:yt epsf bnx? dwo]sf () k ltztegbf a9ln] ;xdlt u/]/ hf/l u/]sf] ;+ljwfg sf+u ];, dfcf]jfbl s]gb sf] ;xdltdf dfq ;+zf]wg x'g ;Sg] cj:yf 5}g. ;+;b k d'v k ltklif bn g]skf Pdfnn] Ps ltxfo dtegbf a9l dt cfkm\gf] kifdf lnp/ a;]sf] x'gfn] hf];fu h:tf] ;s' ;xdlt u/] klg ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg x'gsf nflu Pdfn] ;xdltdf cfpg cfjzos /x]sf] 5. ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf nflu ;+;bdf btf{ ul/psf] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] bf]; f] ljw]os ;/sf/n] lkmtf{ lnp/ csf]{ k :tfj btf{ u/fp klg dw];l df]rf{ / ;+3Lo u7agwgn] To;nfO{ ;d]t c:jlsf/ ul/lbpsf] x'gfn] ;/sf/ /0fgLlts cndndf k/]sf] 5. dw];jfbl bnx?n] p7fpsf s]xl dfux? ;/sf/n] ;+ljwfgsf] klxnf] ;+zf]wg u/]/ k"/f u/] klg km]l/ dw];jfbl bnx?n] dfu ykb} upsf 5g\. o;/l k6s k6s dfux? ykb} hfg] clg ;Qf xtofpgsf nflu bnx?n] tlg} dw];jfbl bnx?;fu ;xdlt ub}{ hfg] k j[lq sfod /x];dd dn'sn] s'g} xfntdf klg lgsf; kfpg ;Sb}g. b]zsf] lxtsf nflu nflu egbf kf6l{ut / JolQmut kmfobfsf nflu ul/psf] ;xdlt d'nssf] nflu 3fts x'g ;S5 eg]/ bnx?n] klxnf g} ;f]lr lbpsf ep d'n'sn] klxnf g} lgsf; kfo;sg] lyof]. t/, To;f] x'g ;s]g. k"/f ug}{ g;sg] ;xdlt ul/of] / ;Qf xtofoof], clxn] ToxL ;xdlt unkf;f] ;fljt epsf] 5. k'iksdn bfxfn g]t[tjsf] ;/sf/nfo{ lbpsf] ;xdlt lkmtf{ lnp/ ;+o'qm dw];l df]rf{ / ;+3Lo u7agwgn] lgjf{rg alx:sf/ ug] { / lgjf{rg ljyf]ng] /0fgLlt cg';f/ b]j]gb r'8fn devendrachudal@gmail.com cl3 al9/x]sf j]nf ljho ur5fbf/n] g]t[tj u/]sf] kmf]/d nf]stflgqs ;d]t ;/sf/nfo{ lbpsf] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lnpsf] 5. ;Qfdf ;xeflu epsf] /fk kfsf] ljwfgaf6 lgjf{rg cfof]un] lxgb" /fi6«/ /fh;+:yf egg] zab x6folbpsf] x'gfn] /fk kf klg Ps lsl;dn] cfgbf]lnt epsf] 5. p;n] lgjf{rg cfof]un] cfkm\gf] untl g;rofpsf] v08df ;/sf/af6 aflx/ cfp/ ;8s cfgbf]ng ug] { r]tfjgl lbfb} lgjf{rg cfof]unfo{ 1fkg kq ;d]t a'emfo ;s]sf] cj:yfdf k'iksdn bfxfn g]t[tjsf] ;/sf/ ;+s6df kb} { upsf] 5. /fk kfn] lgjf{rg cfof] ]un] cfkm\gf] lg0f{o g;rofpsf] v08df ;/sf/af6 aflx/ cfp/ ;/sf/nfo{ lbpsf] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lnpsf] v08df bfxfn ;/sf/ cnkdtdf kg] { lglzrt h:t} epsf] 5. /fk kfn] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lnpsf] cj:yfdf cnkdtdf k/sf] ;/sfn] s] :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg ;Sg] Ifdtf /fvnf < Psflt/ dw];jfbl bnx? cfgbf]lnt epsf 5g\ eg] csf] {lt/ cgo s]xl bnx? cfkm"x?nfo{ d'n'se/ d} Pp6} r'gfj lrgx glbpsf] egb} l/n] cg;gdf al;/x]sf 5g\. 7Ls Tolxj]nf /fk kfn] ;/sf/ 5f8]/ cfgbf]ng u/]sf] v08df bfxfn ;/sfnfo{ :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg' kmnfdsf] lrp/f rkfpg' ;/x x'g]5. ;Qfsf] k d'v 36s g]kfnl sf+u ];n] ;d]t ;/sf/nfo{ ;xof]u u/]sf] h:tf] b]lvpsf] 5}g. zflgt ;'/Iffsf] k d'v lhdd]jf/l af]s]sf u[xdgql ljdn]gb lglw g t dlgqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sdf hfg5g\ gt dgql kb g} TofU5g\. dgql kbdf al;/xg] clg dlgqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sdf ;d]t ghfg] lgwlnfo{ k wfgdgql bfxfnn] avf{:t ug{ klg ;s]sf 5}gg\. zflgt ;'/Iffsf] lhdd]jf/l u[x k zf;gsf] g} xf]. u[x k zf;gsf] lhdd]jf/l af]s]sf u[xdgqln] g} lgjf{rgdf ;'/Iff lgsfon] ;'/Iff lbg g;sg] ul/ lbpsf] clejolqmnfo{ lgjf{rg cfof]un] ;d]t cfklq hgfpsf] 5. zflgt ;'/Iffsf] cj:yfsf af/]df k wfgdgqlnfo{ hfgsf/l u/fpg' kg]{ u[xdgqlsf] bflotj / st{jo epklg k wfgdgqlnfo{ s'g} hfgsf/l glbpkl5 k wfgdgql bfxfng} ;a} ;'/Iff k d'vx?;fu zflgt ;'/Iffsf] hfgsf/l lng yfn]sf 5g\. u[xdgql lglw / sf+u ]; ;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjfalr /x]sf] dgd'6fjn] ubf{ zflgt ;'/Iffdf g} c;/ kg{ ;Sg] egb} To; ljifodf k wfgdgql bfxfnn] ;efklt b]pjfnfo{ hfgsf/l u/fo;s]sf 5g\. o;/l ;Qfwf/L bn leq} :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rgsf ljifodf Psdt x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf lgjf{rg x'g5 eg]/ hgtfn] s;/l ljzjf; ug]{ < u[xdgql lglwn] zflgt ;'/Iffsf af/]df k wfggql bfxfnnfo{ hfgsf/l gu/fpkl5 k wfgdgql bfxfnn] rf/} ;'/Iff lgsfosf k d'vnfo{ afn'jf6f/d} af]nfp/ zflgt;'/iffsf af/]df hfgs/fl lnpsf 5g\. ;'/Iff lgsfosf k d'vx?n] k b]z df r'gfj u/fpg ;xh jftfj/0f algg;s]sf] x'gfn] ttsfn /fhgllts ;xdlt u/]/ cl3 a9\g k wfgdgqlnfo{ ;'emfj lbpsf lyp. dw];l df]rf{ / ;+3Lo u7agwgn] p7fpsf dfux? ;Daf]wg ul/p ;xh?kdf lgjf{rg x'g ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvpsf] 5. olb To;f] gepsf] v08df k b]z df lgjf{rg u/fpg s8f ldx]gt ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj k wfgdgqlnfo{ lbpsf] afn'jf6f/ ;'qn] g} bfal u/]sf] x'gfn] Ps} r/0fdf lgjf{rg x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf 6b}{ upklg ;/sf/ eg] Ps} r/0fdf lgjf{rg x'g] pb\3f]if ul//x]sf] 5. lgjf{rg u/fpg] k d'v bflotj af]s]sf] lgjf{rg cfof]un] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ;a} sfo{x? k fom ;DkGg ul/;s]sf] / ca /fhwfglaf6 k d'v lgjf{rg clws[tsf] sfof{nodf ;dfg k7fpg yfln;s]sf] x'gfn] lgjf{rg x'g] cfzf hufpklg ;/sf/s} sf/0f lgjf{rg eoxf5 egg] ljzjf; hgtfdf hfug ;s]sf] 5}g. :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg ;+ljwfg k6s k6s dfux? ykb} hfg] clg ;Qf xtofpgsf nflu bnx?n] tlg} dw];jfbl bnx?;fu ;xdlt ub}{ hfg] k j[lq sfod /x];dd dn'sn] s'g} xfntdf klg lgsf; kfpg ;Sb}g. b]zsf] lxtsf nflu nflu egbf kf6l{ut / JolQmut kmfobfsf nflu ul/psf] ;xdlt d'nssf] nflu 3fts x'g ;S5. sfof{gjogsf] klxnf] kfonf xf]. :yfglo txdf lgjf{lrt hgk ltlglwx? cfpg ;s]sf] v08df hgtfn] clxn] kfo/x]sf] ;f:tlaf6 d'lqm kfpg] dfq xf]og, ljsf; lgdf{0fn] ;d]t km8\sf] dfg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf b]lvg5. l;+xb/af/leqsf] clwsf/ ca & ;o $$ j6f :yfglo txaf6} hgtfn] kfpg ;S5g\. hgtfn] cfkm\g} ufpf7fpfsf cfkm"n] lrg]hfg]sf dflg;x?af6 ;xh?kdf cfkm\gf] sfd u/fpg ;Sg] epsfn] klg hgtfn] lgjf{rg rfx]sf 5g\. jif{ kl5 x'g nfu]sf] :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg o; cl3sf lgjf{rgegbf ljns'n} km/s /x]sf] 5. ca j8f sfof{noaf6} hgtfn] cfkm"x? dfly cfokg]{ ;d:ofsf] ;fdwfg ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ ;+ljwfg n] g} lbpsf] x'gfn] /fhgllts bnx?n] kf6l{ut / JolQmut :jfy{ gx]/l hgtfsf] :jfy{nfo{ Wofgdf /fv]/ :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rgdf hfg' bns} lxtdf x'g]5. ca s'g} klg axfgfdf k wfgdgql bfxfnn] lgjf{rg /f]sg] k of; u5{g\ eg] pgnfo{ Ps ldg]6 klg kbdf a:g] clwsf/ 5}g. hgtfn] kfpg] clwsf/af6 hgtfnfo{ jl~rt ug]{ /fhgltls bnx? cfkm}+ ;lsp/ hfg5g\. To;}n] lgjf{rgdf cj/f]w gul/of];\.

5 j}zfv * ut] z'qmaf/ sf7df8f}+. /fhwfgl sf7df8f}+ s[lifhgo ptkfbgdf cftdlge{/ 5}g. ;a}egbf w]/} cfly{s ultljlw x'g] u/] klg oxff Go"g ptkfbg x'g] u5{. ;f]xl sf/0f pktosf l5d]sl lhnnfdf lge{/ x'g'kg]{ afwotf 5. sf7df8f}+sf k To]s 3/df efg;fdf k'ug] vfgf ksfpg] PnkL Uof;df l5d]sl wflbªn] wfg]sf] 5. To;kl5 sfe ]n] ;3fPsf] 5. To:t} t/sf/ldf tlgj6} lhnnfn] sf7df8f}+sf pkef]qmfnfo{ y]u]sf] 5. oxff ptkfbg ug]{ hldg cefj 5. csf{lt/ ptkfbgof]uo pj{/ e"ldsf] ;d]t sdl epsf] s[lif ljsf; dgqfnon] hgfpsf] 5. dgqfnon] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] jflif{s jf;nft ljj/0fcg';f/ pktosfdf ptkfbg x'g] lglzrt ptkfbgn] d'l:snn] tlg dlxgf dfq} y]ug ;S5. To;kl5 affsl ;do cgo lhnnf / l5d]sl /fi6«sf] e/ kg'{k5{. sf7df8f}+df r'nf] afng wflbª, sfe ] / dsjfgk'/ nfokmnfog ag]sf 5g\. sf7df8f}+df vkt x'g] xl/of] / ;'s]sf] t/sf/l d'vo kdf wflbªaf6 cfoft x'g] u/]sf] 5. /fhwfglaf6 glhssf] b"/ldf kg]{ epsfn] 5f]6f] ;dodf cfoft ug{ ;lsg] / 9'jfgL nfut klg sd kg]{ epsf sf/0f w]/} Joj;foLn] wflbªaf6 t/sf/l Nofpg] u/]sf 5g\. wflbªdf Jofj;flos t/sf/l v]tl klg km:6fo/x]sf] 5. wflbª pbf]u jfl0fho ;+3sf k"j{cwoif k eftls/0f ;'j]bln] /fhwfglsf] dfusf] 7"nf] lx:;f wflbªn] cfk"lt{ ub}{ cfpsf] atfp. wflbªdf s'g} l;hg t/sf/l ptkfbgdf sdl cfp sf7df8f}+sf pkef]qmfn] pkef]u ug{ gkfpg] l:ylt;dd agg ;S5,Ú pgn] eg]. wflbªdf t/sf/l ptkfbg a9\b} upkl5 ToxfF 6df6/ / t/sf/l s]rck pbf]u;d]t ;~rfng x'g] tof/ldf 5. t/sf/l tyf kmnkm"n Joj;foL dxf;+3sf cwoif vf]dk ;fb l3ld/]sf cg';f/ wflbªdf Jofj;flos kdf ptkfbg x'g]dwo] ^) k ltzt t/sf/l sf7df8f}+ cfpg] u/]sf] 5. wflbªaf6 b}lgs $) 6g cf};tdf t/sf/l cfpg] u5{,ú pgn] eg]. tfhf t/sf/lsf nflu pko'qm hldg epsf] wflbªaf6 sfpnl, agbf;fu} nx/] s[lifpkh leg8l, s/]nf, nf}sf, sffqmf], af]8l, 6df6f/ w]/} cfpf5g\. lhnnfsf] vfgl vf]nf / gf}la;]af6 sfpnl tyf agbf cfpg] u5{ eg] uh'/l, 3f6aF];Lnufotsf :yfgaf6 nx/] t/sf/l cfpf5. l3ld/]sf cg';f/ dsjfgsf] pq/l If]qdf kg]{ l6:6'ª, kfn'ª, ah af/fxl, bfdgnufotsf ( uflj;af6 d'vo kdf sf7df8f}+df t/sf/l cfoft x'g5. ol :yfgaf6 jiff{t\sf] ;dodf sfpnl, agbf, d"nf cfoft x'g5. jiff{t\sf] ;dodf sf7df8f}+df cfpg] t/sf/lsf] d'vo ks]6 If]q g} dsjfgsf] pq/l ( uflj; x'g\,ú l3ld/]n] eg]. dsjfgk'/df Jofj;flos kdf ptkfbg epdwo] #) #% k ltzt sf7df8f}+df cfpg] u/]sf] pgn] hfgsf/l lbp. jiff{df b}lgs %) 6g;Dd dsjfgk'/af6 t/sf/l cfpf5,ú pgn] eg], cgo ;dodf b}lgs #) 6g;Dd cfpf5.ú sfe ] cfn'sf] ks]6 If]q xf]. sf7df8f} +df ef/tlo cfn'afx]s sfe ]sf] ;a}egbf w]/} cfpg] u/]sf] l3ld/]n] atfp. sfe ]af6 afx dlxgf t/sf/l cfpf5,ú pgn] eg], b}lgs #) 6g;Dd cfpg] u5{. To;df d'vo u/]/ cfn' g} a9l cfpf5.ú cfn'kl5 sfe ]af6 6df6/ w]/} cfpg] pgn] atfp. xl/of] t/sf/l klg cfoft x'g5. sf7df8f}+df b}lgs & ;o 6g;Dd t/sf/l vkt x'g] u/]sf] sflndf6l t/sf/l tyf kmnkm"n ljsf; ;ldltn] hgfpsf] 5. To;dWo] #) k ltzt ef/tlo vkt x'g5. affsl cfgtl/s vktdf b}lgs! ;o 6geGbf a9l of]ubfg dsjfgk'/, wflbª / sfe ]n] ub}{ cfpsf] l3ld/]n] atfp. s[lifdf sf7df8f+}nfo{ tlg lhnnfsf] e/ sf7df8f}+ pktosfdf b}lgs & nfv ln6/ b"w vkt x'fb} cfpsf] 5. To;dWo] wflbªaf6 %) xhf/ ln6/ cfk"lt{ x'fb} cfpsf] 8]/L P;f]l;P;gsf dxf;lrj k x\nfb bfxfnn] hfgsf/l lbp. wflbªdf afu]zj/l 8]/L pbf]u ;~rfng ul//x]sf 7fs'/k ;fb clwsf/ln] b'uw ljsf; ;+:yfg / lghl If]qsf pbf]uln] wflbªaf6 b"w ;+sng u/]sf] hfgsf/l lbp. oxffsf] ptkfbg /fhdfu{cf;kf;sf xf]6]n, /]:6'/]G6df w]/} vkt x'g5,ú pgn] eg], To;kl5 sf7df8f}+df klg cfk"lt{ x'fb} cfpsf] 5.Ú sf7df8f}+df ;a}egbf w]/} b"w cfk"lt{ ug]{ sfe ] xf]. sfe ]af6 nfv ln6/ cfk"lt{ eo/x]sf] 5,Ú sfe ]l:yt b'uw ptkfbs lhnnf ;xsf/l ;+3sf pkfwoif gf/fo0fk ;fb a8fnn] eg]. Jofj;flos b"w ptkfbgsf b[li6sf]0fn] sfe ] ;kmn lhnnfsf] kdf pbfpsf] 5. sfe ]df clxn] b}lgs ;f9] # nfv ln6/ b"w Jofj;flos kdf ptkfbg x'g] u/]sf] pgn] atfp. lhnnfsf] s'zfb]jl, gfnf, kffrvfn, s'gtfaf];l, es'08], 9'ªvs{, /ofn], /ljcf]kl, kftn]v]tnfuotsf :yfgdf Jofj;flos ufo{kfng eo/x]sf] 5. To:t} dsjfgk'/af6 b}lgs #) xhf/ ln6/ b"w cfk"lt{ eo/x]sf] P;f]l;P;gsf dxf;lrj bfxfnn] hfgsf/l lbp. dsjfgk'/df ptkfbg epsf] ;a} b"w :yfglo ;xsf/ln] Ps :yfgdf ;+sng ug]{ / ahf/df k7fpg] pgn] hfgsf/l lbp. dsjfgk'/sf] rf}sl6f]ndf lhnnf ;xsf/ln] b"w ;+sng u/l ljt/0f ug]{ kl/kf6l ljsf; u/]sf] 5,Ú bfxfnn] eg]. t'ngftds kn] dsjfgk'/, wflbª / sfe ]af6 v;l af]sf sf7df8f}+df sd cfpg] u/]sf 5g\. oblk, lgoldt cfo/x]sf 5g\. rf}kfof vl/b laqml ;]jf ;+3sf cwoif uf]ljgb kf7sn] sf7df8f}+df xktfdf ^ ;o %) sf] cf};tdf v;l af]sf vkt eo/x]sf] 5. To;dWo] wflbªaf6 %), sfe ]af6 #) / dsjfgk'/af6 #) j6f v;l af]sf cf};tdf cfpg] u/]sf] # jif{cl3 wflbªaf6 xktfdf 8]9 ;oj6f;dd v;l af]sf cfpg] u/]sf lyp. ;f] If]qsf v;l af]sf dl7f] x'g] u/]sf sf/0f pkef]qmfsf] /f]hfodf klg % lyp. clxn] ptkfbg sd epsf] kf7sn] atfp. /fli6«o s'v'/f Joj;foL dxf;+3sf cwoif h+uaxfb'/ la;lsf cg';f/ pk- Tosfdf b}lgs # nfv lsnf] s'v'/fsf] df;' vkt x'g] u5{. To;dWo] pktosf;lxt sfe ], wflbª / dsjfgk'/af6 $) k ltzt of]ubfg eo/x]sf] pgn] atfp. sf7df8f}+ pktosfsf tlg lhnnfaf6!) k ltzt ptkfbg x'g5,ú pgn] eg], To;kl5 sfe ]n] pktosfdf w]/} s'v'/f cfk"lt{ u5{.ú anv'df /f]xg nfokm lkm; xfp; ;~rfng ul//x]sf dt:o Joj;foL ;+3, af/fsf cwoif h+uaxfb'/ ;fxlsf cg';f/ wflbªaf6 jflif{s kdf $) $% lsjg6n, sfe ]af6 sl/a *) lsjg6n / dsjfgk'/af6 sl/a $ ;o 6g df5f sf7df8f}+df cfoft eo/x]sf] 5. ol lhnnfaf6 sdg sfk{ / u f; sfk{ hftsf] df5f cfpg] u/]sf] 5,Ú pgn] eg]. pktosfdf b}lgs sl/a # xhf/ % ;o lsjg6n df5f vkt eo/x]sf] pgn] hfgsf/l lbp. sf7df8f} +df vfgf ksfpg] PnkL Uof; cfk"lt{ ug]{ lhddf wflbªn] lnpsf] 5. ToxfF!! j6f sdkgl ;~rfngdf 5g\, h;n] sf7df8f}+df d'vo ahf/ dfg]/ cfk"lt{ ub}{ cfpsf 5g\. cfon lgudsf cg';f/ >Ldfof, ultf, >L, >Ls[i0f, tf/f, ;'ud, P;l6;L, gd:t], cf]d / lqj]0fl Uof; pbf]usf] KnfG6 wflbªdf 5. ol KnfG6df ptkflbtdwo] sl/a % k ltzt wflbªdf vkt ;a} l;lng8/ sf7df8f}+ cfpg] u/]sf 5g\. Uof; pbf]u ;+3sf cwoif lzjk ;fb l3ld/]n] wflbªs} KnfG6n] sf7df8f}+sf] Uof; dfunfo{ wflg/x]sf] atfp. sf7df8f}+sf] ahf/nfo{ nlift u/]/ g} wflbªdf Uof; pbf]u ;~rfngdf cfpsf x'g\,ú pgl eg5g\, t/fo{sf s]xl pbf]uaf6 sf7df8f}+df Uof; cfpg] u/] klg wflbª KnfG6 rng g;s] sf7df8f}+nfo{ 7"nf] ;d:of x'g ;S5.Ú sf7df8f}+ 6f9f epsf] sf/0f b]vfpfb} t/fo{sf s]xl pbf]un] sf7df8f}+sf] ahf/ 5f8\g nfu]sf klg 5g\. sf7df8f}+df dfl;s nfv l;lng8/ Uof; vkt eo/x]sf] / To;df wflbªdf &) k ltzt of]ubfg /x]sf] ;+3n] hgfpsf] 5. wflbªkl5 sf7df8f} +sf] Uof; ahf/nfo{ sfe ]n] wfg]sf] 5. ToxfF $ j6f Uof; pbf]u ;~rfngdf 5g\ / ;a} pbf]un] sf7df8f}+df cfk"lt{ ul//x]sf 5g\. lgudsf cg';f/ sfe ]df r08l, lxdfn, ;"o{ / ;u/ Uof;sf KnfG6 5g\. ol Uof;sf] klg sf7df8f}+ g} d'vo ahf/ dflgg5. To:t} dsjfgk'/df pbf]u /x]sf] ;xf/f Uof;;d]t sf7df8f}+df cfk"lt{ eo/x]sf] 5. sf7df8f} +df g]kfn / Pe/]:6 Uof; pbf]u 5g\. s[lif k wfg b]zdf k/lge{/tf lsg < pk]gb emf g]kfn s[lif k wfg b]z xf]. cfly{s If]qdf k d'v lx:;f cf]u6]sf] s[lif, ;/sf/sf] gllt cg' ksf] sfof{gjog lagf ljsf;sf] ultdf cfpg g;sg' s[iflif]qsf] 7"nf] b'ef{uo xf]. s[lif ljsf; dgqfnosf] tyoffs cg';f/ of] bzsdf cf=j= )^$ )^% df wfgsf] ptkfbg $# nfv 6gaf6 z' eo{ ptf/ r9fj ub}{ cf=j= )&@ )&# df $# nfv d} l;ldt /xl rfn" cf=j= )&# )&$ df %)=#) nfv d}l6«s 6g ptkfbg epsf] xf]. wfgsf] ptkfbgdf PSsf;L j[l4 x'g'sf] d'vo sf/0f cg's"n df};d g} xf]. clxn] s"n hg;+vofnfo{ (^ nfv 6g vfbfggsf] cfjzostf /x]sf] s[lif dgqfnon] b]vfpsf] 5. g]kfndf wfg ptkfbg of]uo e"ld!^ nfv x]s6/ 5. cfw'lgs s[lif k 0ffnLsf] cefjdf df};dsf] cg's"ntf, k lts"ntfsf sf/0f wfg ptkfbg k efljt x'g] ub{5. ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf wfg ptkfbgsf] a[l4b/ ^=*!Ü b]vfp/ ;/f]sf/jfnfx s'zn sfof{gjogsf] oz lng vf]h] klg ufx{:yo ptkfbgdf s[lifif]qsf] of]ubfg 5}7f}+ ofhgf cjlw ;g\!(*) *% -)#^ )$!_ df %(Ü, df #^=!%Ü, df #@=@%Ü, df #@=^!Ü / df #!=@#Ü /x]sf] tyoffsn] w]/} v'zl x'g] cj:yf 5}g. ;g\!(&% df cfoft lgof{tsf] cg'kft ^)M$) lyof]. df of] cg'kft &@M@* eof]. clxn] cfoft lgof{tsf] cg'kft (@M* df k'u]sf] 5. Ps bzsdf 8]9 v/aaf6 cfoft em08} * v/adf k'ub} 5 eg] lgof{t ;f]xl cjlwdf %* ca{af6 &! ca{df k'u]sf] 5. )&) ;fndf 8An"6Lcf]sf] ;b:o ag]sf] g]kfn, 8An"6Lcf]sf cnkljsl;t ;b:o d'n'sn] ljlegg ;'ljwf kfpfb} cfpsf] cj;/ klg pkef]u ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g. cd]l/sfn] % bh{g tyf rlgn] * xhf/ a:t'df lbpsf] lgof{t ;'ljwf g]kfnn] pkef]u ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g. cfoft lgof{tsf] 8/nfUbf] cgt/nfo{ klg udel/tfk"j{s glng] ;/sf/sf] ptkfbgzlntfk ltsf] pbf;lgtf k i6 emlnsg5. ;/sf/n] rfn" cf=j= df s[lif ljsf; ca{ $# s/f]8 /sd ah]6 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] ca{ ^% s/f]8 j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf!) s[lif kl/of]hgf s[lif ljsf; dgqfno cgtu{t ;+rfngdf /x]sf] 5. s[lif kl/of]hgfdf j}b]lzs s/f]8 %( nfv %) xhf/ 8n/ nufgl ul/psf] 5. s[lif ljsf; dgqfnosf] tyoffs cg';f/ s[lif kl/of]hgfsf] of] nufgldf ;aegbf a9l ljzj a}+sn] ( s/f]8 ^& nfv %) xhf/, cgt/f{li6«o s[lif ljsf; sf]if -cfo{pkmp8l_ n] ^ s/f]8 ( nfv, hlppkmp;kln] % s/f]8 &% nfv, P8LaLn] # s/f]8 *) nfv / nfv 8n/sf] ;xof]u epsf] 5. s[lif ljsf;sf] nflu caf}+{sf] ah]6 k ltjif{ ptkfbgzlntf a9fpg vr{ eo{ /x]sf] 5. ol kl/of]hgfaf6 k[ys )%@ jif]{ s[lif ljsf; sfo{qmd nfu" epsf] lyof]. Tof] ;s]/ )(@ ;fn;ddsf nflu csf]{ s[lif ljsf; /0fgLlt to epsf] 5. k wfgdgql s[lif cfw'lgsls/0f kl/of]hgf cgtu{t!) jif{sf nflu & j6} k b]zdf! va{ #) ca{ &$ nfv nufgl ug{ ah]6 5'6\ofO{Psf] 5. jfnl ptkfbgsf] ;DefJotf cwoog ul/ Ans, ks]6, hf]g / ;'k/hf]gsf] cfwf/df sxff s'g jfnl ptkfbg ug{ ;lsg5 egg] p2]zon] of] s[lif sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ vf]lhpsf] xf]. ;/sf/n] sf]n8 :6f]/, k ffufl/s dn sf/vfgf :yfkgf Pj+ s[lifjfnl / kz'aldfdf ;/sf/n] %)Ü cg'bfg lbg] lg0f{o lnpsf] 5. kz'aldfdf a[l4 ul/ &%Ü agfo{psf] 5. g]kfn /fi6«a}+sn] hf/l u/]sf] df}lb s gllt cg';f/ a}+sx n] s"n k jfx u/]sf] C0fsf]!)Ü s[lifdf nufgl ug]{ lgb]{zg klg hfl/ u/]sf] 5. s[lifnfo{ s/d'qm If]q 3f]lift u/]/ ptkfbg a9fpg o'jfnfo{ o; If]qdf ;+nug ug{ lagf nfv, To;kl5 % nfvsf] k f]t;fxg ;xof]u ;/sf/n] NofPsf] 5. s[lif shf{df %Ü Jofh b/df C0f pknaw u/fo{ lbg] ;a} a}+snfo{ ;/sf/sf] lgb]{zg /x]sf] 5. s[lif ;d:ofnfo{ xn ug{ s[liflj1sf] Joj:yf x/]s gu/kflnsf ufpfkflnsfdf ul/psf] 5. ctolws /f;folgs dnsf] k of]uaf6 ptkgg JofS6]l/of / /f]usf sl/fx laifflbsf] k of]u gul/ s[lif ptkfbg lng g;sg] cj:yfdf ;/sf/n] cfo{=kl=pd= -OlG6u ]6]8 k]:6 d]g]hd]g6_ k ljlwsf] ;kmn k of]u ul/ s[lifdf laifflbsf] k of]u lj:yflkt ul/ zq'hlj ptkfbgsf] dfwodaf6 s[lif ptkfbg a9fpg] gllt lnpsf] 5. pggt alpm hf]ufpg hlg a}+ssf] :yfkgf ul/psf] 5. bif k fljlws tof/ kfg{ s[lif ljzjljbfnosf] Joj:yf ul/psf] 5. cg'bfg / ;x'lnot C0fn] lghl If]qnfO{ klg s[lifdf cfslif{t u/]sf]n] s[lifdf w]/} kl/of]hgfx sf] yfngl epsf] 5. ;/sf/ / lghlif]qsf] s[lifif]qdf pt;fxhgs k of; /x]klg glthf eg] z"godf /x]sf] 5. s[lifdf olt w]/} glltut ;'wf/sf] glthf gsf/ftds lsg eof] egg] ljzn]if0f u/]klg ;/sf/n] Joj:yfkg / sfof{gjog kifnfo{ gabng g ;'wfg{ ;ls /x]sf] 5. cfpg] w]/} ;/sf/n] /fho ;+ogq ;dif cftd;dk{0f u/]sf] k df0fx vf]hg' kb}{g. 6«fG;k]/]G;L OG6/g]zgnn] )&) ;fnsf] cfkmgf] k ltj]bgdf /fhgllts bn, sd{rf/l, k x/l, Joj:yflksf ;+;b, Gofokflnsf, Jofkf/ If]q, ;}lgs, z}lifs k 0ffnL, :jf:yo ;]jf, ;+rf/ dfwod, wfld{s ;+:yf / u}/ ;/sf/l ;+:yf ;a} ;ffu7lgs kdf e i6frf/df ;+nug /x]sf] k ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] lyof]. k'ifsf] clgtd xktf æg]kfn blif0f Plzof s} t]>f] e i6 d'n'sæ zlif{s lbp/ 6«fG;k]/]G;L affsl ^ k]hdf

6 s[lif k wfg b]zdf===== OG6/g]zgnn] cfkmgf] k k sflzt u of]. g]kfnsf] /fho ;+ogq ;+:yfut kdf e i6frf/df ;fd]n /x]sf] s'/f af]ng s'g} lxlrsrfx6 /x]g. o;sf] cy{ ;Qfdf cfpg] h'g k sf/sf] ;/sf/sf] Pp6} Ph]08f wg sdfpg] g} b]lvg5. ljsf;sf] If]q klxnofpg], of]hgf agfpg], ljb]zl nufgl cfslif{t ug]{ sfof{gjogsf] k lqmof cufl8 a9fp/ /sd k fkt ug]{ / nlift p2]zonfo{ k"/f x'g glbo{ csf]{ nufglnfo{ cj;/ lbg] to ul/psf] ;fd"lxs lg0f{o s} cfwf/df ljsf;sf kl/of]hgfx ;+rfng t 5g\ t/ lgisif{df k'ug ;ls /x]sf] 5}g. cfkm} gcfp l;lh{t Jojwfgsf] sdl eg] /xfb}g. /fho ;+ogqsf] e i6frf/ ljlwnfo{ glhsaf6 x]/]sf nf]sdfgl;+x sfsl{nfo{ clvtof/ b' kof]u lgjf/0f cfof]usf] k d'vdf lgo'lqm u/fp/ b]zdf eo{ /x]sf] e i6frf/ / o;df lnkt /fho ogqnfo{ lhdd]jf/laf]w u/fpg s8f sbd rfng] lgb]{zg kfp/ nf]sdfgl;+x sfsl{n] e i6frf/ lj 4 ck ]zg z' u of]. ;fg] df5f ;dftb} nf]sdfgl;+x 7"nf] df5f ;dftg nfubf pgl bnlo k sf]ksf] lzsf/ ep. 7"nf df5f ;dftg' eg]sf] /fho ;+ogq ;+rfng ug]{ 7"nf t:s/x nfo{ ;dftg' lyof]. nf]sdfgl;+xsf] of] k of; s;}nfo{ u fxo epg. nf]sdfgnfo{ gx6fo{ e i6frf/ lj 4sf] of] cleofg /f]lsgg eg]/ ;a} bn ldn]/ nf]sdfgl;+x sfsl{nfo{ kbd'qm u/]. cfkm} e i6frf/ ul/ ;hfoftf nf]sdfgl;+xnfo{ e i6frf/sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;~hfn yfxf ep/ pgn] Pskl5 Ps ;dftg yfn]sf lyp. pgsf] of] k of;n] 6fG;k]/]G;L OG6/g]zgnn] g]kfndf ;+:yfut e i6frf/ /x]sf] s'/fnfo{ k'li6 u/]sf] lyof]. s[lifdf glltut ;'ljwf / nufglsf] oy]i6 /sd nufpklg ;a} If]qeGbf s[lifdf k/lge{/tf lsg a9]sf] egg] k Zg hl6n kdf pkl:yt /x]klg o;nfo{ ;fdfgo kdf lnp/ cfkmg} w'gdf /dfpg] ;/sf/nfo{ s'g} jf:tf 5}g. s[lifaldf, skml v]tldf ls;fgsf] cfsif{0f Ko'7fg,. skml v]tldf k"jl{ Ko'7fgsf s[ifs cfslif{t agb} upsf 5g\. kl5nnf] ;do Ko'7fg lhnnfsf s[ifsn] cfw'lgs s[lif v]tl k 0ffnL; u} Jofj;flos skml v]tl ug{ yfn]sf 5g\. sl/a!) jif{b]lv Ps b'o{j6f skml /f]k]sf P]/fjtL a/f}nfsf s[ifs tlnaxfb'/ lh;l Joj;foL kdf skml v]tl ug]{ s[ifs ;fljs a/f}nf uflj;sf klxnf] s[ifs x'g\. ut s]hl skml ptkfbg u/]sf] atfpg] pgn] skml pbf]u ;+3 kf]v/faf6! lsnf]u fd lap NofP/ a]gf{ ptkfbg u/]sf lyp. To:t} ;f]xl ufp sf s[ifs sdnl;+x u'?ªn] la?jf /f]k]sf] % jif{ ep klg clxn] Jofj;flos kd} skml v]tl yfn]sf 5g\. w]/}h;f] lj?jfn] cem} kmnlbpsf] 5}gÚ,pgn] eg]! lsnf]u fd skmlsf] ;o b]lv # xhf/ k}of ;Dd la?jf ptkfbg x'g5.ú skmlsf nflu dlnnf] df6f] / ;do ;dodf kfgl epdf ptkfbg klg /fd f] x'g] u'?ªn] atfp. a/f}nfsf] kfvf] hldgdf sfutl, kz'aldfdf &% k ltzt ;/sf/n] a]xf]g]{ eg] klg s[ifsn] aldf sfo{qmddf!) k ltzt klg ;+nug x'g ;s]g. cg'bfg / ;x'lnot C0fsf] ;'ljwf c;n ls;fgn] k fkt ug{ ;ls /x]sf] 5}g. ;DalGwt lgsfo / To;sf cf;]kf;]x cfkmgtsf] k efjnfo{ k of]u u/]/ gssnl ls;fg ag]/ s[lif sfo{qmdsf ;'ljwfx k fkt ul/ dfl; /x]sf], To;sf] cg'udg klg g/x]sf] oyfy{nfo{ ;a}n] gh/cgbfh u/]sf 5g\. lagf sdlzg ;/sf/sf] s'g} ;'ljwf pknaw x'g g;sg] rngn] e i6frf/sf] g]6js{ olt alnof] 5 ls o;nfo{ ;fdfgo 9+un] x6fpg s7lg 5. e i6 /fho ;+ogqnfo{ abng vf]hg] /fhgllts bnx o;}df lanfp/ up. oxff cfp/ ;a}n] cftd ;dk{0f g} u/]. /fho;qfsf] lg/gt/ ceof;df /x]sf Oln6ju{sf] Pp6f ;zqm 8kmf ljlegg dtfjndalsf epklg /fho;qfdfly Psflwsf/ sfod /fv]sf] 5. o;nfo{ zf;sju{ klg elgg5. logl legg ljrf/df affl8pklg PsfTds /fho;qfsf lxdfotl x'g. logn] /fho;qfsf] jl/kl/ 7"nf] ce]b b'u{ agfp/ a;]sf] 5. ljsf; sfo{sf nflu cfgtl/s / afxo ah]6nfo{ k fkt ul/ cd's p2]zo ;+rfng ug]{ cflb sfo{ log}åf/f g} ;+rflnt x'g5g. olafx]s c sf]xl klg of] b'u{df l5g{ ;Sb}g. l5/]klg oxff s]xl ug{ ;Sb}g. tyoffs x]bf{ v/adf vlr{g] /sd ls;fgn] s[lif pbd ug{!,@, nfv klg k fkt ug{ g;sg] cj:yf 5}g. ls;fgnfo{ lbog] ;]jf ;'ljwf ;/f]sf/jfnfnfo{ pknaw u/fpg] hl6n k lqmof, cf;]kf;]nfo{ al9;] al9 nlift sfo{qmddf ;xeflu u/fpg], sdlzgsf] rng, lkmtnf] sfof{gjog / cg'udg clb sf/0fx n] 3f]lift sfo{qmdnfo{ kl/0ffdd'vl agfpg ;ls /x]sf] 5}g. cfgbf]ngx klg oxl PsfTdjfb lj 4 rls{b} cfpsf] xf], / o;df cfd"n kl/jt{g geo{sg s'g} If]qsf] k ultsf] snkgf ug'{ d"v{tfafx]s c s]xl klg xf]og. -dw]z bk{0f lkmr/ ;]jf_ df};dl, ;'Gtnfnufotsf kmnkm"n v]tl klg u/]sf 5g\. k fom o'jf skmlnufotsf ljlegg kmnkm"n nufp/ d?e"ldh:tf] hldgnfo{ x/fe/ x' bf cfkm"nfo{ v';l nfug] u/]sf] pglx atfp. le/fnf] af/ldf /fd f] ptkfbg x' b}g, To;nfO{ kf6f kf6f agfpg' k5{ To;f] ubf{ ptkfbg klg /fd f] x'g'sf ;fy} l9s sfngfdf kmnkm"nsf la?jf nufpg cd]l/sg ljbfyl{n] l;sfp/ upsf lyp. To;kl5 gf+uf] el/df ;d]t ;'Gtnf v]tl u/]sf] pgn] atfp. xfn;dd o'jf s[ifs s[lifdf b]lvpsf lypgg\, t/, % hgf o'jfn] Jofj;flos kdf skml v]tl ug{ yfn]sf :yfglo jfl;gbf lxdgtf u'?ªn] atfog\. ldl>t kmnkm"n v]tl ug]{sf] ;+Vof t a/f}nfdf w]/} 5g\Ú lxdgtfn] elgg\ ;'?jft epsf] x' bf ptkfbg u/]sf] skml :yfglo hf/d} laqml epsf] 5.Ú ufpfd} kmnkm"nsf] la?jf kfog] epsfn] ;a}h;f]sf] $ a'6f kmnkm"nx /f]k]sf] / la:tf/} laqmlljt/0flt/ klg nfug yfn]sf] u'?ªn] atfog\. u[xdgql lglw=== >d ;xrf/lsf nflu c+u ]hl efiffdf s8fo c+u ]hl efiff k9fpg] OlG:6Ro'6af6 c+u ]hl efiff /fd f] /x]sf]ú ljj/0f pnn]v u/l k df0fkq k]; u/]sf cfwf/df ca s'g} klg sd{rf/l >d ;xrf/ldf lgo'qm x'g gkfpg] epsf 5g\. >d tyf /f]huf/ dgqfnon] sg;'n/ tyf >d ;xrf/l 5gf]6 tyf lgo'lqm;dagwl sfo{ljlw tyf dfkb08 tof/ kf/]sf] 5. dfkb08cg';f/ ca >d ;xrf/ldf of]uo x'g sd{rf/ln] cgt/f{li6«o :t/sf] kf7\oqmdcg';f/ c+u ]hl efiffdf bif x'g'kg]{5. dfkb08cg';f/ c+u ]hl efiffdf cfoopnl6p; 6]:6sf] k"0ff{+s -( c+s_dwo] sdtldf % c+s Nofpg'kg]{5. csf]{tkm{ 6f]km]n ug]{ sd{rf/ln] lkla6l l;la6l cfol6aldwo] s'g} Ps k/liffdf sdtldf qmdzm %)),!&#, ^! c+s Nofpg'kg]{ u/l dfkb08 tf]lspsf] 5. lkl6o{ k/liffdf ;xeful x'g] sd{rf/ln] eg] sdtldf #% c+s gnofp >d ;xrf/lsf nflu cof]uo agg]5g\. dgqfnon] Ps jif{sf] cjlwdf b'o{j6f sfo{ljlw tof/ kf/]sf] xf]. z}lifs OlG:6Ro'6af6 c+u ]hl efiff;dagwl gssnl k df0fkq k]; u/l >d ;xrf/l agg] / ljb]zdf uo;s]kl5 Jofjxfl/s kdf sfd ubf{ efiffut sdhf]/l bf]xf]l/g yfn]kl5 dfkb08 agfp/ s8fo ug{ nflupsf] >d tyf /f]huf/ dgqfnon] hfgsf/l lbpsf] 5. ljb]z uo;s]kl5 ;a} l8n c+u ]hl efiffd} ug'{k5{,ú dgqfnosf k jqmf uf]ljgbdl0f e't]{nn] eg], t/ sd{rf/ln] gssnl k df0fkq k]; u/l Jojxf/df v/f] pqg g;sg] 36gf bf]xf]l/pkl5 s8fo ug{ nflupsf] xf].ú >d tyf /f]huf/ dgqfnosf cg';f/ clxn] vf8lsf ^ tyf blif0f sf]l/of / dn]l;ofdf >d ;xrf/lsf] b/agbl 5. s'j]t / cf]dgdf >d ;xrf/lsf] b/agbl clxn] vfnl 5. g]kfnn] blif0f sf]l/of, dn]l;of, cf]dg / s'j]t;lxt ax/fog, stf/, o'po{ / ;fpbl c/adf >d ;xrf/l /xg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5. l/qm b'o{ d'n'sdf lgjf{rgkl5 >d ;xrf/l lgo'lqm k lqmof cufl8 a9fog] k jqmf e't]{nn] hfgsf/l lbp. ;'/Iffsf] lhdd]jf/l af]s]sf] u[xdgqlaf6} lgjf{rg x'g g;sg] clejolqm cfpg'n] :jod\ u[xdgql lgjf{rg rfxfb}gg\ egg] s'/fnfo{ an k'u]sf] 5. g]kfnl sf+u ];sf] ;xof]udf dfcf]jfbl s]gb sf cwoif k'iksdn bfxfnnfo{ k wfgdgql agfpg dxtjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf lglw sf+u ];sf] tkm{af6 pkk wfg;lxt u[xdgql epsf x'g\. cfkm\gf] kf6l{sf] tkm{af6 ;/s/fsf] g]t[tj u/]sf u[xdgqln] lgjf{rg x'g g;sg] h:tf] ul/ clejolqm lbpklg g]kfnl sf+u ];n] eg] cfh;dd s]xl k ltlqmof hgfpsf] 5}g. sf+u ];s} dw]zsf ;f+;b / kf6l{ lhnnf ;efkltx?n] ;d]t s]xl lbg klxnf ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg gep;dd dw]z lgjf{rg x'g sl7g x'g] ;'emfj kf6l{ ;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjfnfo{ lbpsf lyp. pglx?sf cg';f/ lgjf{rgsf] ldlt s]xl lbgkl5 ;f/]/ epklg dw]zjfbl bnx?sf dfu ;Daf]wg ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj lbpsf lyp. t/ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug{ ;/sf/;fu b'o{ ltxfo{ dt g/x]sf] cj:yfdf clxn] g} ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg x'g ;Sg] s'g} ;Defjgf b]lvfb}g. k d'v k ltkifl bn g]skf Pdfn]n] clxn]sf] cfjzostf eg]sf] ;+ljwfg sfof{gjog xf] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg xf]og elg/x]sf a]nf ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf Go"g /x]sf] 5. :yfglo lgsfosf] lgjf{rgsf] nflu ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{ cfjzostf b]lvfb}g. dw]zjfbl bnx?n] eg] cg';f/ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] ljw]os ;+;bdf btf{ eo;s]sf] cj:yfdf dw]zjfbl bnx?n] cfkm"x?n] eg] h:t} ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg x'g'kg] { lhl2 g5f]8\g] xf] eg] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] cfjzostf 5}g. k wfgdgqlo k2ltdf k wfgdgql;fu /fo gldn]sf] v08df dgqln] /flhgfdf lbp/ af6f] v'nnf ug] { ljzjjofkl l;4fgt /x]klg u[xdgql lglw gt dlgqkl/ifb\sf] a}7sdf hfg5g\ g t k wfgdgqlsf] lgb] {zg cg';f/ cl3 a9\5g\. ol ;a} tyox?nfo{ s]nfpfbf k i6 x'g5 u[xdgql lglw :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg u/fpg rflx/x]sf 5}gg\. 9'+u]nnfO{ l;lssd=== ;jf]{rrdf ;d]t rrf{ ;'? epsf] 5. :d/0flo 5, cfkm"lj?4 km};nf ug]{sf] lkmnf lrg]{ / t/jf/ xfgg] wdsl lbpsf lbp jfns[i0f 9'+u]nn]. To;kl5 ;jf]{rrn] & lbgleq kqmfp ug{ cfb]z hf/l u/]sf] lyof]. ;jf]{rrsf] cfb]znfo{ ;/sf/n] cjdfgg ul/lbpsf] 5. lj/f6gu/ ls+u; kmfogndf ;'zln sf8]nn] wfl/nf] alnª u/]kl5 lj/f6gu/ ls+u;n] wgu9l lk ldo/ lnu -l8lkpn_ sf] kmfogndf :yfg agfpsf] 5. klxnf] Sjflnkmfo/df lj/f6u/n] kgb]xl /gn] x/fpfb} clgtd b'o{ :yfg kssf u/]sf] xf]. klxn] Aofl6ª u/]sf] lj/f6gu/n] ( ljs]6sf] Ifltdf! /gsf] of]ukmn v8f u of]. kgb]xl k"/} cf]e/ v]n]/ (( /gd} cncfp6 epsf] lyof]. kgb]xln] ca bf]; f] Sjflnkmfo/df wgu9l l6d rf}/fxf;fu k lt:kwf{ ug{]5. wgu9ln] a'waf/ g} ;DkGg Olnldg]6/df sf7df8f}+ uf]n8]gdfly ^ ljs]6 lht lgsfnb} kgb]xl;fusf] e]6 kssf u/]sf] xf]. wgu9l / kgb]xlalrsf] ljh]tfn] pkflwsf nflu lj/f6gu/;fu k lt:kwf{ ug{]5. wgu9lsf] lkrdf k lt:kwf{tds nio k5\ofpsf] kgb]xl ;'?jftd} bafadf k of]. cf]kg/ xl/z+s/ ;fxnfo{ kjg ;/fkmn] t]; f] cf]e/df af]n8 u/]. csf{] cf]e/df ;'zlnn] csf{ cf]kg/ g"/wjh ;]gnfo{ z"go /gdf af]n8 u/]. $ ljs]6 g} af]n8 u/]/ lng] qmddf ;'zlnn] k'ik yfkfnfo{ t]; f] ljs]6sf kdf cfp6 u/]. kgb]xlsf nflu ;jf{lws /g agfpsf ljqmd ;f]anfo{ klg ;'zlnn] l;sf/ agfp. ;'zlnn] Olgªsf] clgtd andf ;fxa cfndnfo{ klg af]n8 u/]. ;'zlnn] Ps d]8g /fv]/!% /g vlr{p. kgb]xlsf nflu ;f]an] ;jf{lws ## /g agfp. lj/f6u/sf nflu dwoqmdsf Aof6\;Dofgn] of]ubfg lbg ;kmn ep. cf]kg/ k sfz lji6 z"go /gdf k]e]lnog kms{+bf cd[t >]i7n]!) /gsf] of]ubfg lbp. cfl;km z]vn] #^ /g hf]8\bf $! andf # rf}sf 5Ssf k xf/ u/]. blk]gb l;+x P]/Ln] zlqm uf}rgnfo{ Pnla8An" w/fkdf kf/]. sktfg z/b /g 5Ssf lxsf{p. df u]nsf]!) xhf/ /g j]:6 OlG8hsf lqm; u]n lqms]6df!) xhf/ /g k"/f ug]{ ljzjs} klxnf] Aof6\;Dofg ag]sf 5g\.!)cf}F OlG8og lk ldo/ lnucgtu{t d+unaf/ /f]on Rofn]Gh a]+unf]/af6 u'h/ftlj?4 k lt:kwf{ ub}{ u]nn]!) xhf/ /g k"/f u/]sf x'g\. Olgªsf] rf}yf] cf]e/df! /g lnfb} u]nn] cfkm\gf] gfddf Oltxf; agfp. k lt:kwf{df u]nn] #* andf & 5Ssf / % rf}sfsf] ;xof]udf && /g agfp. u]ns} lj:kmf]6s Aofl6ªsf] ;xof]udf a]+unf]/n] ;o!$ /gsf] nio lbpsf] 5. df u]nsf] gfddf bh{gf}f /]s8{ 5g\. o;dwo] JolQmut w]/} /g agfpg] /]s8{ klg pgs} gfddf 5. pgn] df a+]unf]/af6} cfolkpndf! ;o &% /gsf] ;jf{lws JolQmut of]ukmn agfpsf lyp. o;}u/l, df pgn] ;a}egbf a9l!* zts k xf/ u/]sf 5g\. pgn] ^) k6s cw{zts k"/f u/]sf 5g\. ol b'j} s} /]s8{ x'g\. pgn]!@ and} cw{ztssf] ljzjsllt{dfg /fv]sf 5g\. pgn] of] ;kmntf d]njg{ /]g]uf8];af6 xft kf/]sf x'g\. u]nn] ;jf{lws & ;o #^ 5Ssf / & ;o ^$ rf}sf k xf/ u/]sf 5g\. ;GGof; lnfb} 6]/L O+lUn; lk ldo/ Sna r]n;lsf sktfg hf]g 6]/Ln] l;hgsf] ;dflkt;fu} ;a}vfn] k'm6an k ltof]lutfaf6 ;GGof; lnfb} 5g\. 6]/Ln] bf]; f]k6s l;hgsf] ;dflktkl5 ;GGof; 3f]if0ff u/]sf x'g\. ut jif{ klg pgn] o:t} lg0f{o lnpsf lyp. t/, Snas} rfxgfcg';f/ pgn] yk Ps jif{ r]n;ldf latfp. o;k6s eg] 6]/Ln] cfkm\gf] lg0f{o kl/jt{g gx'g] atfpsf 5g\. pgn] Snasf kbflwsf/lnfo{ klg o;sf] hfgsf/l lbo;s]sf 5g\. #^ jifl{o 6]/Ln] r]n;laf6 ;ft ;o v]ndf ;xeflutf hgfpsf 5g\. pkflwsf ;fy 6]/Ln] sl/c/ ;dfkt ug{ rfx]sf 5g\. o; l;hgdf r]n;l zlif{ :yfgdf 5. 6f]6gx\ofd;Fu rf/ c+s b"/l /fv]sf] r]n;ln] affsl cf7} v]n lhtbf lk ldo/ lnu pkflw lhtg]5. Tof] ;kmntf k fkt u/] hljgdf ;a} ;kmntf k fkt x'g] 6]/Ln] atfp. pgl eg5g\, d}n] r]n;laf6 labf lng] lg0f{o lno;s]sf] 5', o;sf] hfgsf/l Joj:yfkgnfO{ lbpsf] 5', d]/f] csf]{ ;kgf r]n;l lk ldo/ lnu RoflkoG; xf];\ egg] xf], ToxL pkflwsf ;fy d r]n;laf6 ;GGof; lng5'.ú otf, Snan] ;f]daf/ lj1lkt hf/l ub}{ 6]/Ln] l;hgsf] cgto;fu} ;GGof; lng] hgfpsf] 5. xfd f sktfg 6]/Ln] cfh ;GGof; lng] 3f]if0ff u/]sf 5g\, pgn] l;hg ;dflktnuq} ;GGof; lng]5g\,ú r]n;lsf] lj1lktdf elgpsf] 5. ^

7 & >]of / clegj g]kfnl lnl6n :6f/ Okmf] OG6/6]Gd]G6n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] g]kfnl lnl6n sf] pkflw >]of dxh{g / clegj >]i7n] lht]sf 5g\.!) jifl{of >]of /!@ jifl{o clegj wfkf;ll:yt ckl :s'nsf ljbfyl{ x'g\. ;'Gwf/fl:yt cfdl{ clkm;;{ Snadf k lt:kwl{ ^* afnaflnsfnfo{ kl5 kfb}{ pglx n] pkflw xft kf/]sf x'g\. k ltof]lutfdf lbkt]z l;+x / k s[lt kf]v/]nn] l;lgo/tkm{sf] km:6{ /g;{ cksf] pkflw lht] eg] h'lqmljqmd zfxl / dfof]dl ah Frfo{n] h'lgo/tkm{sf] km:6{ /g;{ cksf] pkflw xft kf/]. o;}u/l, >[hg lqkf7l / k 1f /fo{n] l;lgo/tkm{ ;]s]g8 /g;{ cksf] pkflw lht] eg] cfofg l;njfn / ;'lk of sfsl{n] h'lgo/tkm{sf] ;]s]g8 /g;{ cksf] pkflw lht]. a];l;x/df v} cf] u'?ª rnlrq v} cf] ldxy]jfú cyf{t\ cfof] x} 7"nf] dfg5]ú ndh'ª ;b/d'sfd a];l;x/df k bz{g x' b} 5. u'?ª ;d'bfosf] ;fdflhs syfj:t'df agfopsf] j}zfvdf cggk"0f{ rnlrq xndf k bz{g ul/g]5. rnlrq ndh'ªsf] a];l;x/ / tgx' sf s]xl :yfgdf 5fof+sg ul/psf] lyof]. g]kfnl ep/ klg g]kfnl x'g gkfpg'sf] kl8f rnlrqdf ;d]l6pssf] lgb]{zs ;'efif u'?ªn] atfp. SnfOd]S; cf6{úsf] t]; f] / cf]:sf/sf] afx f}f k :t'ltdf cfpsf] of] rnlrq g]kfnl / u'?ª ;+:s[ltdf cfwfl/t 5. of] rnlrq!% jif{cl3 lgdf{0f epsf] ldxy]jfús} l;sj]n xf]. a];l;x/kl5 df sf7df8f}+df k bz{g ul/g] lgdf{0f l6dn] hgfpsf] 5. sd]8l lkmnd sfp;f]sf] z'e d'x"t{ sd]8l lkmnd sfp;f]úsf] z'e d'x"t{ ul/psf] 5. /fhwfglsf] /ftf]k'nl:yt /s xfp; Sofkm]df cfof]lht Ps sfo{qmddf lkmndsf] z'e d'x"t{ ul/psf] xf]. dbg l3ld/]sf] lgb]{zg /xg] rnlrqdf snfsf/ ;ljg >]i7, k'is/ /fpt, ;'/]Gb rfkfufo{+, cg' k/fh'nlnufotsf] clego /xg]5. eujfg\ vqlsf] lgdf{0f /xg] of] rnlrqsf] k :t'tstf{ cg{e j:g]t x'g\. sfp;f] cg{e lkmnd;\sf] bf]; f] k :t'lt xf]. rnlrqsf] ;'l6ª j}zfv!% ut]b]lv ;'? x'g] lgdf{0f kifn] hfgsf/l lbof]. /folhª :6f/ l;hg #sf] pkflw clwsf/lnfo{ /folhª :6f/ l;hg #Úsf] pkflw c;n clwsf/ln] lht]sf 5g\. s]pd;l :s'nsf] siff ( df cwoog/t clwsf/l &$ k lt:kwl{nfo{ kl5 kfb} { pkflw xft kfg{ ;kmn epsf x'g\. pgn] gub %) xhf/;lxt tfh, cjf8{ / ljlegg cfsif{s lukm\6 x\ofdk/ kfp. pgnfo{ ut jif{sl ljh]tf cg'isf dfggw/n] tfh nufolbpsl lyog\. afnaflnsfsf] k ltef, af}l4s Ifdtf / ;'Gb/tf phfu/ ug]{ p2]zon] tlg jif{b]lv lqmol6e jn8{ g]kfnn] of] cjf8{ cfof]hgf ub}{ cfpsf] 5. h]d; :s'nsf] siff ( df cwoog/t h]l;sf l;+v8f l;lgo/tkm{af6 km:6 /g/ck agg ;kmn eog\ eg] h'lgo/tkm{sf] km:6 /g/ck s]pd;l :s'ns} siff % df cwoog/t lk of+z' yfkf eog\. df]:6 slgkm8]g8 cjf8{;lxt ;]s]g8 /g/cksf] pkflw l;lgo/tkm{af6 nf]on6l :s'nsf] siff * df cwoog/t clgzf kf}8]nn] kfog\ eg] df]:6 6\ofn]G6]8 cjf8{ h'lgo/tkm{ a]lanf]g :s'nsl siff $ df k9\g] ;GWof s];ln] kfog\. sf7df8f}+ pktosfsf ljlegg ljbfnodf cwoog/t b]lv ( ;Ddsf &% afnaflnsf cl8;gaf6 5gf]6 epsf lyp. sfo{qmdsf ;+of]hs tyf lqmol6e jn8{sf k agw lgb]{zs k f1 zflgt/fd /fo{n] afnaflnsfx sf] JolQmTj ljsf;, af}l4s ljsf; / snf k ltefsf] ljsf;n] ef]lnsf] ;an /fi6«lgdf{0fdf d2t k'ug] ljzjf;sf ;fy sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/psf] atfp. zfxlnfo{ cjf8{ sf7df8f} + dg6]:j/l 6«]lgª ;]G6/n] ;~rfng sf] jflif{s cjf8{ /]Zdf zfxln] lht]sl 5g\. zlgaf/ cfof]hgf epsf] cjf8{df pgn] :6'8]G6 ckm b lhltg\. o:t}, a]:6 cf6{ PG8 qmfkm\6 cjf8{ zfgtf cfn] du/, zld{nf dfggw/ / ;~h' v8\uln] lht]. a]:6 ofd; cjf8{ú ;'?lr g]kfnn] kfog\. a]:6 l8l;lkng cjf8{ú hl/gf ah frfo{, ;"rgf e, xl/fs'df/l nfdf / ljlgtf If]qLnfO{ k bfg ul/psf] ;]G6/sf sfo{sf/l lgb] {zs cfggb b]jsf]6fn] hfgsf/l lbp. PgcfO;L Pl;ofsf] ;d'gglt art vftf PgcfO;L Pl;of a}+sn] ;d'gglt art vftfú of]hgf ;'? u/]sf] 5. ;j{;fwf/0fnfo{ art vftfdfkm{t clwstd Aofh pknaw u/fpg] p2]zon] ;'? ul/psf] art vftfdf z"go df}hbftdf jflif{s * k ltztsf b/n] Aofh k bfg ul/g] a}+sn] hgfpsf] 5. art vftfsf ;'ljwfdf z"go df}hbft, jflif{s * k ltzt Aofhb/, lgmz'ns 8]la6 sf8{, lgmz'ns P;PdP; / OG6/g]6 a}+lsª, b}lgs % nfv;dd lgmz'ns PlalaP;, qm]l86 sf8{ hf/l z'nsdf ljz]if 5'6 ;'ljwf /x]sf] a}+sn] atfpsf] 5. xfn a}+sn]!)@ zfvfdfkm{t a}+lsª sf/f]af/ ;~rfng ul//x]sf] 5 eg] eljiodf yk zfvf ;~rfng ug]{ p2]zo /x]sf] hgfpsf] 5. Hof]lt ljsf; a}+ssf] ;xof]u Hof]lt ljsf; a}+ssf] dxf]q/ll:yt alb{af; zfvfn] PsLs[t gd'gf d';x/ a:tl lgdf{0fsf nflu w'd{'; ;'GtnL kmfpg8];gnfo{ Ps nfv?k}off ;xof]u k bfg u/]sf] 5. dxf]q/lsf] alb{af;df lgdf{0f ul/psf] d';x/ a:tldf alb{af; zfvfsf zfvf k agws df]xg/fh lu/ln] kmfpg8];gsf cwoif ;Ltf/fd s ]n w'd{';únfo{! nfv?k}offsf] r]s x:tfgt/0f u/]sf lyp. a}+s zfvfn] l;cf/p;cgtu{t d';x/ a:tl lgdf{0fsf nflu ;xof]u pknaw u/fpsf] xf]. ul/a tyf ljkgg d';x/sf] cfly{s cj:yf ;'wfg{ a}+sn] n3'ljq sfo{qmd klg ;~rfng ug]{ epsf] 5. rgb flul/df P;OO{ k/liffyl{nfo{ ljz]if 5'6 sfod} rgb flul/df z}lifs ;q )&# sf] dfwolds lziff k/liff -P;OO{_ lbpsf k/liffyl{n] tlg ;o k}off df s]ansf/ r9\g kfpg] ;'ljwf j}zfv d;fgt;dd sfod} x'g] epsf] 5. of] 5'6 Joj:yf yfgsf]6l:yt rgb flul/ s]ansf/n] ljbfyl{sf] ;'ljwfsf nflu u/]sf] hgfpsf] 5. of] ;'ljwf lngsf nflu k/liffyl{n] k/liffsf] k j]z kq clgjfo{ kdf ;fydf lno{ cfpg'kg{] s'/f sdkgln] hgfpsf] 5. 5'6cGtu{tsf] l6s6 sdkglsf] yfgsf]6l:yt l6s6 sfpg6/df dfq pknaw x'g]5. o; 5'6sf] ;'ljwf lng] k/liffyl{n] cgo 5'6 gkfpg] sdkgln] hgfpsf] 5. P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s tyf ko{6slo ugtjosf kdf /x]sf] rgb flul/ 8fF8fdf sdkgln] efn]zj/ dxfb]j dlgb/, ;Qn, Eo'6fj/, lrn8«]g kfs{ / ;]ldgf/ xnnufotsf k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5. Eo'6fj/df /x]sf] b'la{gaf6 ;u/dfyfnufot cgo lxdz+[vnfsf ;d]t b[zofjnf]sg ug{ ;lsg5. g]kfnughdf 6f6fsf] ;f]?d g]kfndf 6f6f df]6;{sf] cflwsfl/s ljqm]tf l;k bl 6«]l8ª k flnn] affs]sf] g]kfnughdf ;f]?d / ;]jf ;'ljwf s]gb ;~rfngdf NofPsf] 5. sdkgln] g]kfnughdf 6f6f df]6/sf u fxsnfo{ cfw'lgs tyf ;'ljwf;dkg ;f]?d / laqmlkl5sf] ;]jf pknaw u/fpg ;]jf ;'ljwf s]gb :yfkgf ul/psf] hfgsf/l lbpsf] xf]. sfo{qmddf 6f6f df]6;{sf] sdl;{on e]lxsnsf sfo{sf/l lgb]{zs /jlgb lk;f/f]8\8ln] g]kfnl ahf/df 6f6fsf sdl;{on uf8lsf] Jofj;flos ;~hfn lj:tf/ u/l pkef]qmfsf] cfjzostf k"/f ug{ g]kfnughdf ;f]?d / ;]jf;'ljwf s]gb vf]lnpsf] atfp. 6f6f df]6;{sf cgt/f{li6«o Jofkf/, sdl;{on e]lxsn; o' 'lg6 k d' 'v?b k d}qn] g]kfn 6f6f df]6;{sf nflu d'vo ahf/ :yflkt eo;s]sfn] u fxsnfo{ :t/lo laqml tyf laqmlkl5 ;]jf ;'lglzrt ug{ /0fgLlts of]hgfcg' ' k ;f]?d vf]lnpsf] hfgsf/l lbp. g]kfnughdf vf]lnpsf] y L P; ;]jf ;'ljwf s]gb n] sfo{ut ;d"xaf6} u fxsnfo{ prr:t/lo ;]jf lbg] sdkglsf l;ocf] /fhgafa' >]i7n] k lta4tf JoQm u/]. ;f]?ddf cfjzostfcg';f/ 6f6f uf8lsf] ;]jf lbg tflndk fkt k fljlws /xg] pgn] atfp. sdkgln] ;f]?d ;~rfng u/]kl5 ;~hljgl ;]jfcgtu{t ^ lbgleq OlGhg dd{t u/l 8]lne/L ug]{5 eg] PS;k ]; ;]jfcgtu{t $* 3G6fleq uf8lsf] 8]lne/L ;]jf pknaw u/fpg]5. o;}u/l ;f]?ddf ;le{; al'sª ;'ljwfsf nflu k"j{a'lsª Joj:yf, lsjs ;le{; a]ghcgtu{t ;fgf uf8lsf] ;le{l;ª ul/g]5. sdkglsf cg';f/ P;PdP; cn6{cgtu{t dd{t ;Def/sf nflu cg'dflgt vr{ tyf ;dofjlwsf] ;"rgf P;PdP;af6 u fxsnfo{ lbog]5 eg] ;'k/ ;le{;cgtu{t rff8f] dd{t ;'ljwf lbog] sdkgln] hgfpsf] 5. xfn sdkgsl g]kfne/!* sdl;{on uf8l ;f]?d ;le{; s]gb /x]sf 5g\ eg] Kof;]Gh/ uf8ltkm{!^ uf8l ;f]?d ;le{; s]gb 5g\. ;]~r'/l a}+sn] xsk b hf/l ug]{ ;]~r'/l sdl;{on a}+ssf] 5}F6f}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f;ef ;DkGg epsf] 5. ;fwf/0f;efn] ;]o/wglnfo{!) k ltzta/fa/sf] af]g; ;]o/ / b'o{ ;+:yf k flktkkl5sf] k'fhldf $) k ltzt xsk b ;]o/ hf/l ug]{ k :tfj kfl/t u/]sf] a}+s ;~rfns ;ldltsf cwoif /fh]zs'df/ >]i7n] atfp. a}+ssf] ;fwf/0f;efn] e}/xjfdf d'vo sfof{no /x]sf] OGgf]e]l6e 8]enkd]G6 a}+s tyf sfe ]sf] ag]kfdf d'vo sfof{no c/lgsf] 8]enkd]G6 a}+snfo{ k flkt ug{] k :tfj klg :jls[lt u/]sf] 5. a}+ssf] $ ca{ & s/f]8 k'fhl / rf/ ;+:yf k flktaf6 ca{ k'fhl yk x'g]5 eg] gk'u k'fhl $) k ltzt xsk b ;]o/ / rfn" cfjsf] d'gfkmfaf6 * ca{ k'fhl k'ug]5. ;a} ;+:yf ;dflxt epkl5 a}+ssf s'n zfvf () j6f x'g]5g\.

8 9'+u]n=== lbpsf] 5. 9'Fu]nn] s]xl ;do klxnf cfkm"nfo{ ;j{:j;lxtsf] hgds}bsf] km};nf ug]{ Gofolwzdfly wfjf af]n]sf lyp. pgl ;fj{hlgs sfo{qmddf b]lvg5g\, t/ k x/l k zf;gn] pgnfo{ kqmfp ug]{ lxddt ub}{g. pgl;fu} a;]sf k x/lx?n] ;d]t pgnfo{ ;nf]6 7f]Sg'k5{. pgl k wfgdgql k'iksdn bfxfnsf kf6l{sf g]tf epsf]n] k x/l k zf;g lgl/x ag]sf] a]nf ;af]{rrn] kqmfp ug{ k x/l dxflg/lifsnfo{ g} cfb]z lbg'n] pgl kqmfp k5{g\ ls egg] cfzf a9fpsf] 5. ;af]{rr cbfntn] )^^ ;fnd} hgds}bsf] km};nf u/]sf JolQm olt nfdf] ;do;dd kqmfp gkg'{n] sfg'gl /fhosf] WjHhL p8fpsf] dfq 5}g ;fgfnfo{ P]g 7"nfnfO{ r}g egg] g]kfnl pvfgnfo{ ;d]t rl/tfy{ lgjf{rg ;fg]{=== kf6l{ g]t[tjn] eg] :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rgkl5 ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug]{ eg]/ cfpsf] wf/0ff dw]; s]lgb t ;f+;bx?n] ;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjf;fu /fv]kl5 ;efklt b]pjf /0fe'Nndf k/]sf 5g\. dw]zjfbl bnx?n] lgjf{rgnfo{ ljyf]ngsf nflu cfgbf]ngsf sfo{qmdx? cl3;f/]sf] / ToxLcg'?ksf] sfo{nfo{ cufl8 a9fo/x]sf] a]nf k'iksdn bfxfn g]t[tjsf] ;/sf/n] s] tf]lspsf] ;dod} :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rg u/fpnf ;Qfsf] k d'v 36s g]kfnl sf+u ];n] :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rgkl5 dfq ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug]{ c8fg lnpsf] epklg lgjf{rgkl5 ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg x'g] Uof/]G6L 5}g. ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf nflu b'o{ ltxfo{ dtsf] cfjzostf kb{5, cyf{t #(^ hgf. clxn] k d'v k ltkifl bn g]skf Pdfn]n] ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgnfo{ egbf sfof{gjonfo{ cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ egb} ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] ljkifdf plepsf] 5. ljho ur5bf/n] ;d]t ;/sf/nfo{ lbpsf] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lno;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf Go"g /x]sf] 5. k wfgdgql k'iksdn bfxfnn] Pp6f cj{df $@) 3/ dfq agfp5g\. o:tf u}/;/sf/l ;+:yfx?nfo{ k'glgdf{0fsf] lhdd]jf/l lbbf sfd sd, e i6frf/ Hofbf x'g]/x]5 egg] k df0f xf] of]. 8f=uf]ljGb kf]v/]n o:tf] l/kf]6{ cfpfbf klg r]t]sf 5}gg\, pgl cem} To:tf ;+:yfx?nfo{ 5'6 lbo/x]sf 5g\. k flws/0fsf sd{rf/ln] atfp lh=k =sf=sf=b=g+= #& )$) )$! u/]sf] 5. 9'+u]n clxn];dd sf/afxlsf] eful gx'g' eg]sf] ;+ljwfg P]g, sfg'g / ;af]{rr cbfntsf] 7f8f] ckdfg dfq gep/ sfg'gl /fhosf] alv{nfk ;d]t xf]. pgl clxn];dd lsg sf/afxlsf eflubf/ epgg\ To;sf] pq/ s;n] lbg] < sfg'g ;a}sf nflu a/fa/l eg] l;4fgt sxff x/fof] nf]stgqdf. k wfgdgql k'iksdn bfxfnn] ;d]t ca 9'+u]nnfO{ kqmfp ug{ k x/l k zf;gnfo{ cfb]z lbg'kg]{ cfjzostf epsf] 5. cbfntsf] cfb]zsf] kfngf ug]{ bflotj ;/sf/sf] xf] ;/sf/ k d'v bfxfn g} epsfn] ca 9'+u]nnfO{ argfpg]tkm{ pgl gnfug' g} plrt x'g]5. k wfgdgql;dd kx'fr epsf x'gfn] 9'+u]n clxn];dd sfg'gl sf/afxlaf6 ar]sf epklg ca 9+'u]ns} sf/0f k wfgdgql ;+s6df kg]{ epsfn] 9'Fun] lu/km\tf/ x'g] ;Defjgf a9]sf] 5. dw]zl df]rf{sf] ;xdltd} ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] klxnf] k :tfj lkmtf{ lnp/ bf]; f] k :tfj ;+;bdf btf{ ul/psf pnn]v u/]klg df]rf{n] To;nfO{ em'7sf] v]tl eg]sf] 5 eg] k d'v k ltkifl bn Pdfn]n] cfkm"x?;fu ;+zf]wgsf] ljifodf s'g} 5nkmn / ax;} gepsf] egb} k wfgdgql bfxfnnfo{ em'7sf] v]tl gug{ s8f r]tfjgl;d]t lbpsf] 5. dw]zl df]rf{sf] dfu cg';f/ ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] k :tfj ;+;bdf btf{ ul/psf] ep dw]zl df]rf{n] lsg lj/f]w u of]{ t < st} k wfgdgql bfxfn / dw]zl df]rf{alr leql ;ff7uff7 u/]/ df]rf{n] lj/f]w u of] eg]/ lgjf{rg kl5 ws]ng] / k wfgdgql bfxfnn] cfkm\gf] kbsf] cfo' ndaofpg] v]n t u/]sf xf]ogg\ egg] k Zg ;d]t plahpsf] 5. sf+u ]; ;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] dw]zl df]rf{n] lgjf{rgdf ;xeflutf hgfpg] ;xdlt u/]/ b'o{ r/0fdf lgjf{rg u/fpg ;lsg] clejolqm lbpklg sf+u ]; ;f+;b / kf6l{ lhnnf ;efkltx? eg] clxn]s} cj:yfdf :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rgdf up sf+u ];nfo{ 7"nf] 3f6f nfug] egb} lgjf{rgaf6 efug vf]lh/x]sf x'gfn] tf]lspsf] ;dodf lgjf{rg gu/fpg sf+u ]; dfcf]jfbl s]gb n] leql?kdf eg] lgjf{rg ;fg]{ k of;df /x]sf] sf+u ]; ;'qn] g} bfal u/]sf 5g\. M cgt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx?nfo{ lr9fpg] gllt g} 5}g sfo{sf/lhlsf]. h] l/kf]6{ cfp klg ;xl 7fG5g\. oxlsf/0f cfopghlx?sf] Kof/f ag]sf 5g\ 8f=uf]ljGb. of] va/n] ;/sf/ ugfof]. t/ sf+u ];sf] 6]sf]df l6s]sf] ;/sf/n] sf+u ];L sfo{sf/lnfo{ rnfpg] cyjf va/bf/ egg] x}l;ot;dd /fvb}gg\. o;sf/0f ;/sf/ ugfof], e i6frf/n] ugfof]. ;+;bsf=== lgjf{rg layf]ng] sfo{qmd 3f]if0ff ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;+;bdf /x]sf kffr 7"nf bnn] df]rf{ lgjf{rgdf gcfp klg j}zfv #! d} lgjf{rg u/fo5f8\g] k lta4tf hgfpsf 5g\. lgjf{rg cfof]un] lgjf{rgsf] clgtd tof/l ;d]t k'/f ul;;s]sf] egb} kffr bnn] lgjf{rgsf] ljifodf cem} klg cgof]n b]lvpsf] x'gfn] To;nfO{ k i6 kfg{ kffr bnsf] a}7s af]nfopsf] lyof]. sf+u ];, dfcf]jfbl s]gb, Pdfn] / /fk kfn] dw];l df]rf{sf] cj/f]wsf alrdf klg j}zfv #! sf] lgjf{rg g/f]sg] cf}krfl/s wf/0ff to u/]kl5 kmf]/d nf]stflgqs ;d]t To;df ;xdt epsf] lyof]. k wfgdgql k'iksdn bfxfnn] kffr bnsf] a}7sdf olb dw];l df]rf{ ;xdltdf cfpf5 eg] b'o{ r/0fdf klg lgjf{rg u/f}+ egb} df]rf{ ;xdltdf gcfpg] xf] eg] Ps} r/0fdf j}zfv #! ut] lgjf{rg u/fpg' kg]{ clejolqm lbpsf lyp. kl5nnf] ;dodf df]rf{ / ;+3Lo u7agwgnfo{ ;d]t lgjf{rgdf ;xeflutf hgfpg dw];sf hgtfn] Jofks bfafa lbpsf epklg lgjf{rg gep=== #! ut] lgjf{rg gep ;/sf/af6 aflxl/p/ ;/sf/nfo{ lbpsf] ;dy{g ;d]t lkmtf{ lng] /0fgLltdf /fk kf nfu]sf] x'gfn] k wfgdgql bfxfn lgjf{rg u/fpg nfluk/]sf] h:tf] b]lvpsf] 5. /fk kfsf cwoif sdn yfkfn] lgjf{rg cfof]un] r}q $ ut] u/]sf] lg0f{o ttsfn} g;rrfp ;/sf/ 5f]8]/ s8f cfgbf]ngdf hfg] clejolqm;lxtsf] r]tfjgl lbo{;s]sf 5g\. kf6l{n] cfkm\gf] kf6l{sf] r'gfjl /0fgLlt af/] hgtfnfo{ a'emfpg b]zsf ;a} c~rndf r'gfjl;ef ug]{ / tl ;efx? a}zfv!) ut] ;Dd hf/l /xg] atfopsf] 5. /fk kfsf] ljwfgaf6 lgjf{rg cfof]un] ;+ljwfg;fu aflempsf] egb} lxgb' /fi6«/ /fh;+:yf egg] zab x6fpsf]df /fk kfn] r}q & ut] g} cfof]usf] lg0f{o lj?4 k bz{g ub}{ 1fkgkq ;d]t a'emfo;s]sf] 5. cfgbf]ngsf sfo{qmd cgt{ut /fk kfn] d+unaf/ b]zsf &$$ j6} :yfglo lgsfodf cfof]usf] lg0f{osf] k ltlnlk;d]t hnfopsf] 5. ttsflng /fk kf g]kfn bf]; f] ;+ljwfg;efdf ToxL ljwfg lnp/ lgjf{rgdf xf]ldpsf] / hgtfn] ToxL ljwfgnfo{ cg'df]bg u/]/ l;6 lht]sf] lyof]. clxn] cfp/ ToxL ljwfg ;+ljwfg;fu aflempsf] egg'sf] s'g} cy{ /xfb}g. k To]s bnn] cfkm\gf s'/f lnp/ hgtfdf hfg kfpg] clwsf/nfo{ ;+ljwfgnfo{ b]vfp/ lgjf{rg cfof]un] vf]:g ;Sb}g To;}n] ttsfn cfof]un] unt lg0f{o ;RrfP/ /fk kfnfo{ Gofo lbg' g} plrt x'g]5. d=if]=x'= lg= b= g+=! )^% )^^ kf6l{ut :jfy{ / s]xl g]tfx?sf] JolQmut :jfy{n] ubf{ dw];jfbl bnx?n] lgjf{rg alxisf/ u/l lgjf{rg layf]ng] /0fgLlt lnpsf a]nf ;+;bsf kffr 7"nf bnn] Pp6} wf/0ff aflx/ NofPsf x'gfn] lgjf{rg x'g] ;Defjgf a9]/ up klg k'/} ljzjf; ul/xfng] cj:yf eg] alg;]sf] 5}g. csf{]tkm{ lgjf{rg cfof]un] dw];l df]rf{n] :yfglo txsf] lgjf{rgdf ;xeflutf ghgfpg] clejolqm lbp klg k b]z ;lxt b]ze/d} dtbfg s]gb tf]s]sf] 5. cfof]un] b]ze/!) xhf/ ^ ;o $) dtbfg :yn /!* xhf/ % ;o &@ dtbfg s]gb tf]s]sf] 5. dw];jfbl bnx?sf] cj/f]wsf sf/0f gda/ k b]zdf dtbfg s]gb tf]sg l9nfo{ u/]s]f lyof]. lgjf{rg cfof]un] lgjf{rgsf nflu cfjzos kg]{ ;a} k lqmof k'/f ug{ nfu]sf] a]nf a;]sf] kffr bnsf] a}7sn] u/]sf] lg0f{on] cfo]funfo{ cfkm\gf] sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg yk an k fkt epsf] 5. dw];l df]rf{ / ;+3Lo u7agwg r'gfjdf ;xeful x'g] cj:yf cfpsf] v08df k b]z df bf]; f] r/0fdf lgjf{rg u/fpg] k :tfj k wfgdgql bfxfnn] kffr bnsf] g]kfn ;/sf/ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dgqfno ;"rgf ljefu * a}7sdf /fv]sf]df To;nfO{ sf+u ]; ;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjfn] ;dy{g hgfpsf lyp eg] k d'v k ltkifl bn g]skf Pdfn]sf g]tfx?n] Ps} r/0fdf j}zfv #! ut} g} lgjf{rg u/fpg' kg]{ wf/0ff /fv] klg df]rf{ ;xdltdf cfpg] ep Pdfn] yk rns x'g tof/ /x]sf] atfp klg k b]z df bf]; f] r/0fdf lgjf{rg u/fpg klg tof/ /x]sf] clejolqm lbpsf] lyof]. sf+u ];, Pdfn], dfcf]jfbl / /fk kfsf] wf/0ffdf kmf]/d nf]stflgqsn] s]xl km/s wf/0ff /fvb} ;+ljwfg hf/l ubf{ h:t} k]n]/ lgjf{rgdf upsf] v08df d'n's ågådf hfg] atfpfb} /fhgllts jftf/0f agfp/ lgjf{rgdf hfg'kg]{ wf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf] lyof]. k wfgdgql bfxfnn] dw];l df]rf{;fu k'gm 5nkmn u/]/ kffr bnsf] lg0f{o df]rf{nfo{ ;'gfpg] / df]rf{;fu epsf] jftf{ / 5nkmn kl5 k'gm kffr bnsf] a}7s a;]/ clgtd lg0f{o ug]{ atfpsf] a}7sdf ;xeful Ps g]tfn] atfpsf 5g\. d'n'se/ g} lj:tf/} lgjf{rgsf] dfxf]n agb} upsf] a]nf kffr bnsf] a}7sn] j}zfv #! d} lgjf{rg ug]{ lg0f{on] lgjf{rgsf] yk dfxf]n agg ;Sg] cj:yf b]lvpsf] 5. ;dfgtf, :jtgqtf / Gofosf nflu cfkm\gf] clwsf/ k lt ;hu / ;r]t xf]cf}+. ;Dkfbs k sfzs M b]j]gb r'8fn sfof{no M a'4gu/, sf7df8f}+ kmf]g M $&*)@(%, df]= M (*$!@%$**% Od]n M abhiyan.weekly@yahoo.com d'b 0f M ;'gufef lk lg6ª k ];, afuahf/