Bacteria and your health. 8 th grade science October 2014

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1 Bacteria and your health 8 th grade science October 2014

3 This portion of the unit we will discuss the negatives of bacteria / food borne illness. It s important to remember that bacteria are critical to our survival and play many important roles in the ecosystem.

Why should you care about learning about food

Answer! 76+ million Americans contract a food borne illness each year.

7 Bacterial Food Poisoning 81 million cases a year. 20 of the many thousands of different bacteria actually are the culprits. Symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and dehydration. Salmonella, E.coli. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

8 Bacterial Food Poisoning 81 million cases a year. 20 of the many thousands of different bacteria actually are the culprits. Symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and dehydration. Salmonella, E.coli. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

9 Bacterial Food Poisoning 81 million cases a year. Generally, 20 of the many thousands of different bacteria in your body are the culprits. Symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and dehydration. Salmonella, E.coli. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

10 Bacterial Food Poisoning 81 million cases a year. Generally, 20 of the many thousands of different bacteria in your body are the culprits. Symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and dehydration. Salmonella, E.coli. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

11 Bacterial Food Poisoning 81 million cases a year. Generally, 20 of the many thousands of different bacteria in your body are the culprits. Symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and dehydration. Salmonella, E.coli. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

12 Bacterial Food Poisoning 81 million cases a year. Generally, 20 of the many thousands of different bacteria in your body are the culprits. Symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and dehydration. Salmonella, E.coli. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

13 Bacterial Food Poisoning 81 million cases a year. Generally, 20 of the many thousands of different bacteria in your body are the culprits. Symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and dehydration. Salmonella, E.coli. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Where in a restaurant would you expect to find the

25 Answer! Studies have found the lemon / limes have more harmful bacteria on them than even the restrooms. Very rarely are the lemons washed before they end up in your drink or on your food. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

26 Answer! Studies have found the lemon / limes have more harmful bacteria on them than even the restrooms. Very rarely are the lemons washed before they end up in your drink or on your food. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

27 Answer! Studies have found the lemon / limes have more harmful bacteria on them than even the restrooms. Very rarely are the lemons washed before they end up in your drink or on your food. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

28 Answer! Studies have found the lemon / limes have more harmful bacteria on them than even the restrooms. Very rarely are the lemons washed before they end up in your drink or on your food. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

29 Answer! Studies have found the lemon / limes have more harmful bacteria on them than even the restrooms. Very rarely are the lemons washed before they end up in your drink or on your food. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

30 Answer! Studies have found the lemon / limes have more harmful bacteria on them than even the restrooms. Very rarely are the lemons washed before they end up in your drink or on your food. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

31 Answer! Studies have found the lemon / limes have more harmful bacteria on them than even the restrooms. Very rarely are the lemons washed before they end up in your drink or on your food. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

32 Answer! Studies have found the lemon / limes have more harmful bacteria on them than even the restrooms. Very rarely are the lemons washed before they end up in your drink or on your food. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

33 Answer! Studies have found the lemon / limes have more harmful bacteria on them than even the restrooms. Very rarely are the lemons washed before they end up in your drink or on your food. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

49 Do you think that this bathroom door handle is germ free? -You ve now washed your hands to just touch a handle that hundreds have touched. -Most haven t washed their hands. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

50 Do you think that this bathroom door handle is germ free? -You ve now washed your hands to just touch a handle that hundreds have touched. -Most haven t washed their hands. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Refrigeration: Prevents the small number of

58 When the wait staff asks how you would like your meat cooked, say I would like my meat well done!

59 .

60 .

68 Don t place raw produce on cutting board and then place something else that isn t going to be cooked. Don t prepare a salad on a board that has touched raw meat without cleaning. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Don t prepare a salad on a board that has touched raw

69 Don t place raw produce on cutting board and then place something else that isn t going to be cooked. Don t prepare a salad on a board that has touched raw meat without cleaning Lemon Slice? Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

74 Anaerobic bacteria are bacteria that do not live or grow in the presence of oxygen. Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

75 Anaerobic bacteria are bacteria that do not live or grow in the presence of oxygen. Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

79 ?????? Lastly, Never feed infants honey.

80 ?????? Lastly, Never feed infants honey.

81 Lastly, Never feed infants honey.

82 Lastly, Never feed infants honey. Clostridium bacteria that cause infant botulism can be found in honey. It causes a number of dangerous health effects and even death.

88 Preventing contamination is one of the best measures to fight bacteria. But what happens when you contract a bacterial infection?

89 Penicillin: Antibiotic that destroys bacteria derived from penicillin mold (fungi).

Originally noticed by Ernest Duchesne, in 1896.

90 Originally noticed by Ernest Duchesne, in Penicillin was re-discovered by bacteriologist Alexander Fleming working at St. Mary's Hospital in London in 1928.

91 He observed that a plate culture of Staphylococcus had been contaminated by a blue-green mold.

92 He observed that a plate culture of Staphylococcus had been contaminated by a blue-green mold. Colonies of bacteria adjacent to the mold were dying.

93 He observed that a plate culture of Staphylococcus had been contaminated by a blue-green mold. Colonies of bacteria adjacent to the mold were dying. Alexander Fleming grew the mold and found that it produced a substance that killed a number of diseasecausing bacteria.

94 In 1939 Dr. Howard Florey began intensive research and was able to demonstrate penicillin's ability to kill infectious bacteria.

95 Penicillin won t kill a virus,

96 Penicillin won t kill a virus, it only attacks bacteria.

97 Antibiotics don t work on the flu since it is a virus.

98 It s not just what you eat.

99 Tetanus (Lockjaw) Caused by infection with C. tetani in a cut or wound. Results in spastic paralysis

100 Tetanus (Lockjaw) Caused by infection with C. tetani in a cut or wound. Results in spastic paralysis

101 Tetanus (Lockjaw) Caused by infection with C. tetani in a cut or wound. Results in spastic paralysis

102 Treat your wounds, they are an open door for bacteria.

103 Antiseptic: Agent that kills or inhibits the growth of micro-organisms on the external surfaces of the body.

104 Cleaning a wound safely has many steps.

105 Cleaning a wound safely has many steps. Removing debris.

106 Cleaning a wound safely has many steps. Removing debris. Irrigating.

107 Cleaning a wound safely has many steps. Removing debris. Irrigating. Disinfecting.

108 Cleaning a wound safely has many steps. Removing debris. Irrigating. Disinfecting. Bandaging.

109 Malaria causes a severe fever, vomiting, and headaches. Can lead to coma, seizures, and death. Caused by a protist.

110 Malaria causes a severe fever, vomiting, and headaches. Can lead to coma, seizures, and death. Caused by a protist. Transmitted by mosquitos.

111 Malaria causes a severe fever, vomiting, and headaches. Can lead to coma, seizures, and death. Caused by a protist. Transmitted by mosquitos.

112 Malaria causes a severe fever, vomiting, and headaches. Can lead to coma, seizures, and death. Caused by a protist. Transmitted by mosquitos. Kills an estimated 1-2 million people each year.

113 Malaria causes a severe fever, vomiting, and headaches. Can lead to coma, seizures, and death. Caused by a protist. Transmitted by mosquitos. Kills an estimated 1-2 million people each year.

114 A pimple is made up of dead skin, oil, and lots of bacteria.

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121 Activity! A trip to Sam and Ella s Café. Teacher added Baking Soda in a few of the bowls of water. (Could use NaOH) Litmus Paper can then be used to test which bowl had the Baking Soda / Food Borne Illness (Could us Phenolphthalein as indicator for the NaOH intead) Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

123 Create a name / specific food item for each and put on note card. Three food items are contaminated with bacteria (baking soda) Most cups filled with just water, and three with water and baking soda

125 You are the health inspector / person assigned to the outbreak. Record the food items in the buffet on the right, and the classes initials above. Record an X if they got sick and an O if they didn t for each food they ate from the buffet. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

126 You are the health inspector / person assigned to the outbreak. Record the food items in the buffet on the right, and the classes initials above. Record an X if they got sick and an O if they didn t for each food they ate from the buffet. What items in the buffet made people sick? Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

127 Activity Sheet! Found in Activities Folder

128 Item Initials of class X = Person got sick 0 = Not sick

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130 Bacteria and Dental Health

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132 Bacteria cause Tooth Decay

133 Bacteria in your mouth eat sugar and release lactic acid when they do cellular respiration. Acid on teeth = Decay.

134 This is what can happen if you don t clean your teeth and allow them to rot away.

135 Plaque is the accumulation of bacteria and micro-organisms on a tooth.

138 Plaque can be defined as a complex microbial community, with greater than 1010 bacteria per milligram. 10,000,000,000 per milligram. That s roughly 3 billion more than there are people on Earth in something that weighs less than a grain of rice. Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

139 Calculus/tartar is dental plaque that has mineralized. Where do these minerals come from?

140 Calculus/tartar is dental plaque that has mineralized. Calculus can form when plaque is not removed from the tooth surface.

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143 Gingivitis: A swelling and soreness of the gums that, without treatment, can cause serious gum problems and disease. Brushing your gums helps prevent this.

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145 If left unchecked, gingivitis can advance to periodontitis which is irreversible. It is a loss of bone. That bone will not grow back.

146 To prevent all this bad stuff

148 Remember Sip all day = Get decay

150 Don t dip either. This leads to that

151 Which can lead to this.

152 Finally - Brush, floss, and get dental check ups.

153 Finally - Brush, floss, and get dental check ups.

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156 Activity Exploring Exponential Growth Make 15 one inch squares. Try and make three rows of five 20 min 40 1 hour 1:20 1:40 2 Hours 2:20 2:40 3 hours 3:20 3:40 4 hours 4:20 4:40 5 hours Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

157 Draw one bacteria and have it reproduce in each square. Box 1 has one bacteria Box 2 has 2 Box 3 has 4 Box 4 has 8 Small line represents a bacteria, use the four lines and then a cross through to make five. Each reproduction = twenty minutes time What are your results and time? Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity Exploring Exponential Growth Each box represents 20 minutes for a

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Video: Bacterial Growth, from two to many.

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180 A trip to Sam and Ella s

181 Go around and sample 4 foods from the café. (by mixing your liquid with 10 ml of the food liquid. Please record the names of the 4 food items that you choose. 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.) Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

184 You are the health inspector / person assigned to the outbreak. Record the food items in the buffet on the right, and the classes initials above. Record an X if they got sick and an O if they didn t for each food they ate from the buffet. What items in the buffet made people sick? Copyright 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

185 Create a name / specific food item for each and put on note card. Three food items are contaminated with bacteria (baking soda) Most cups filled with just water, and three with water and baking soda

Foodborne Illness Can Cause More than a Stomach Ache!

Foodborne Illness Can Cause More than a Stomach Ache! Signs and symptoms Upset stomach Fever Diarrhea Vomiting Dehydration (sometimes severe) Don t count on these to test for food safety! Sight Smell Taste