o;aif{ rf/;o d]l6«s 6g dfq ;'Gtnf laqml

Transcription

1 { x/]s If0f x/]s lbg dfq s[lif ;dfrf/sf] nflu g]kfnsf] klxnf] Nepal's First Agriculture Weekly jif{ k';!& ut] ;f]daf/ January 1, 2018 d"no?=!) s[lifsf] nufgl kf/bzl{ agfcf}+, k/dk/fut xf]og Joj;flos agf}+, s'/fsf] v]tl xf]og, v]tlsf] s'/f u/f}+. lxpfb]afnlsf nflu dnsf] cefe vlkg;sg', pv'sf] d"no tf]lspg ls;fg lrlgtt ;lrj ;x;lrjx?sf] dgdfgln] k b]z s[lif ah]6 k efljt o;aif{ rf/;o d]l6«s 6g dfq ;'Gtnf laqml sf7df8f}+. goff g]kfn lgdf{0f ug]{, l;+xb/af/sf] clwsf/ uffp ;Ddf k' ofpg]ú gf/f lbp/ /fhlgltsbnx?n] :yflgo g]lttjsf] nflu lgjf{rg ;DkGg ul/;s]s] cj:yf 5. ca k b]zdf k b]z ;/sf/ / k b]zsf] /fhwflg tf]ls d'vodgql r'gg] k b]lzs sfo{no :yfkgf ug]{ qmddf ;a} bnanx? Nfflu /x]sf] jt{dfgsf] cj:yf 5. g]kfn s[lif k wfg b]z xf]. s[lifnfo{ ko{6g;fu} hf]8\b} cfpbf b]zsf] ljsf; b]lv lnp/ :j/f]huf/;dd cyf{t g]kfnsf] cy{tgqsf] d]?b08 eg]sf] s[lif / k o{6gg} xf]. l;+uf] g]kfnsf] cy{tgqsf] d]?b08 s[lif ljsf; dgqfnodf oltv]/ prr kb:yx?sf] dgdflgsf] tf08j v'n]cfd eo{/x]sf] 5. g s'g} nufd 5 g t s'g} 8f]/ ;a} u}/ lhdd]jf/ ep/ 9'Ss ep/ lx+l8 /x]sf 5g\. /fli6«sf] ;a}egbf dxtjk"0f{ k b]zsf s[lif dgqfnosf] nflu l;lgo/ ;x;lrj sfd' ;lrjsf] nflu k7fpg] eg]klg s[lif ljsf; dgqfnosf ;lrj, ;x;lrjx? h'lgo/ ;x;lrjnfo{ k b]zdf k7fpg] u/l gfd 5gf]6 u/l/x]sf 5g\. afd36ssf] ;/sf/n] ax'dt NofPkl5 dgqlx?n] nfoc/fpsf] sfdsf] lhdd]jf/l klg clxn] gu/]sf] cj:yf 5. gug]{ ca lsgug]{ elg dgqfno gcfpg], cg'udgsf gfddf lhnnfx?df 3'Dg] / la/fld epsf] axfgf agfp/ kmf]g ;d]t gp7fpg] sfd u/l/x]sf 5g. of] cj:yf slxn] ;Dd /xg] < ;/sf/ ut]df /fli6«o;efsf] r'gfa ub{}5, of] lx;fan] kmfu'g dlxgf k'/} of kmfu'gsf] cfwfcflw;dd olx ;/sf/ /xg] b]lvg5. x'g ;Sg] lgltut sfdnfo{ klg 7Kk kf/]/ b]zsf] :yflgo ;/sf/sf prrtxsf sd{rf/lx? s;/l eflu eflu lxl8 /xsf 5g\. o:tf] u}/lhdd]jf/ ep/ lxl8/x]sfx?sf] ljifodf cg'udg ug]{ s'g} lgsfo g} 5}g g]kfn ;/sf/sf] olt v]/. o;/l lgltut sfdnfo{ ;d]t 7Kk kf/]/ d]/f] bnsf] ;/sf/ ag5 of xfd f] kifsf] dgql cfp5 egb} lhdd]jf/l af]w gug] sd{rf/lnfo{ s] egg] < g]kfn ;/sf/ s[lif dgqfno dftxtsf lhdd]jfx? o;l/ u}/ lhdd]jf/ x'g5g eg] o;sf] k efj l;w} /fi6«/ k b]zsf l;dfgts[t s[ifsnfo{ kb{5. clxn] lxpb]jflnsf nflu dnsf] cefa b]lv g;sg' vkl g;sg' epsf]5, pv' a]rg' 5 / pv'sf] d'no tf]lsg' kg] { xf]. afl9 lkl8tn] lxpb] aflndf /fxt kfpg] a]nf xf] t/ o; tkm{ Wofgglbo/ dgqfno 7Kk kf/]/ prr :t/lo sd{rf/l a]kqf eo{ /x]sf 5g. s[lif dgqfnosf ;x ;lrj of]u]gb sfls{ t ef/t ;o/df upsf] >f]tn] b]vfpsf]5. :yflgo :t/df s[lif ;~rflnt sfo{qmd ;lxt ;;t{df ah]6 laof]lht ug] { a]nfdf ltg} ;lra ;x ;lra lab]z ;o/df /x]sf sf/0f lg;{tdf ah]6 uo{ s[lifsf] s/la % ca{!@ s/f]8 /sd ;a} h;f] :yflgo lgsfon] s[lif afx]s cgo lasf;sf nflu ljlgof]lht ubf{ s[lifsf] s'g} klgsfd :yflgo lgsfodf x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g\. :yflgodf s[lifsf] nflu ah]6 lalgof]hg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g. km]/l klg bf]; f] rf}dfl;sdf / t]; f] cf=a= sf sfo{qmd ;+rfngdf klg log} prr kb:y sd{rf/lx?n] ca/f]w l;h{gf u/l/xsf a'lempsf] 5. csf]{ ljifo k b]z ;lrjsf nflu l;kmfl/; x'g'kg]{ of]u]gb sfsl{, n]vgfy cfrfo{, OZjk ;fb l/hfn, ;'/]zafa' ltjf/lx? k b]z hfg OR5's g/x] kl5 ;lra ;'/h kf]v/ ]nn]! g+ k b]zdf x:t axfb'/ g+ k b]zdf efujt rf}w/l, k b]z # lg? bfxfn, $ g+ k b]zdf ;/brgb >]i7, k b]z % df, odgf/fo0f b]asf]6f ^ / & df kz'klg5 lasf; dgqfnoaf6 ls;fgl;ª e6\6 / b]a e6\6sf] gfd l;kmfl/; ug]{ u/l k7fopsf] ; f]taf6 a'lemg5. ;lra kf]v/]n / cgo ;x ;lrjx? dgqfnonfo{ yfxf glbo{ lhnnf lhnnfdf k'lu lhnnf ;'k/hf]gsf sfo{nodf hfb} ef]h vfb} df]h dl:tdf /dfo{/x]sf] lhnnf l:yt ; f]tn] atfpsf] 5. otf kz'klg5 lasf; dgqfno sf ;lra lazjgfy cf]lnsfx? ;a} ca goff ;/sf/ cfp kl5 sfd ug]{ u/l plg klg dgqfnodf b]lvb}gg. o:tf] bzfb[io b]lvb}5 g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cy{tgqsf] d]?b08 dflgpsf] s[lif dgqfnosf]. Og?jf. ;'g;/l;lxt rf/}lt/ ;'Gtnfsf] l;hg z'? epsf] 5. t/ ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf o;k6s k"jl{ kxf8l lhnnfdf dfu cg';f/sf] ;'Gtnfn] ahf/ wfgg g;sbf ;'Gtnfsf] d"no a9]sf] 5. ;'g;/l ;b/d'sfd Og?jf;lxt lhnnfsf] w/fg / O6x/L If]qsf] ahf/df ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf $% k ltzt dfq ;'Gtnf ahf/df cfpsf] 5. utjif{ of] l;hgdf s[lif pkh ahf/:yn w/fgdf Ps xhf/ %)) d]l6«s 6g ;'Gtnfsf] sf/f]af/ epsf] lyof]. t/ of] jif{ l;hgdf klg $)) d]l6«s 6g a/fa/sf] ;'Gtnf dfq laqml epsf] 5. ahf/df wgs'6f, ef]hk'/, t]x y'd, vf]6fª, ;+v'jf;efaf6 ;'Gtnf cfpg] ub{5g\. cl3nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf of] jif{ ;'Gtnf ptkfbgdf sdl cfpsf sf/0f ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf o; jif{ ;'Gtnf ahf/df sd cfpsf] ef]hk'/sf ;'Gtnf s[ifs lht]gb /fo{n] atfp. ut &# df w/fgdf ^ xhf/ $(# d]l6«s 6g ;'Gtnfsf] sf/f]af/ epsf] lyof]. To;a]nf yf]s d"no dfq? %@ s/f]8sf] sf/f]af/ epsf] lyof]. ls;fgsf] af/ld} up/ Jofkf/Ln] km"n km'nb} ubf{ af]6 g} vl/b ub{5g\. km"n km'n] cg';f/sf] ;'Gtnf gkmnbf eg] Jofkf/LnfO{ 3f6f epsf] s[lif pkh ahf/:yn w/fgsf Jofkf/L 6Lsf/fd >]i7n] atfp. pkef]qmfsf] dfu cg';f/sf] ;'Gtnf ahf/df cfpg ;s]sf] 5}g. k"jl{ kxf8l lhnnfdf ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf ^) k ltztn] sd ;'Gtnf ptkfbg epsf] 5. o;n] ubf{ ;'Gtnfn] ahf/ wfgg g;sbf ;'Gtnfsf] d"no bf]aa/ epsf] s[lif pkh ahf/:yn, w/fgsf Joj:yfks nid0f e6\6/fo{n] atfp. ;'Gtnf ptkfbgdf sdl cfpgfsf] d'vo sf/0f ;'Gtnfsf] af]6 dg'{ / km"n nfu]sf] a]nfdf emg'{ xf]. ;'Gtnfdf b]lvg] o:tf /f]usf] lgbfgaf/] ;DalGwt lgsfosf] ;dodf g} Wofg hfg h?/l 5 h;n] ubf{ ;'Gtnf v]tldf cfl>t /x]sf s[ifssf] k]zf ;'/lift agg ;sf];\. ;'g;/lsf kffr 7fpFdf s[lif 6x/fM o;}alr, lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;'g;/ln] lhnnfsf] ls;fgsf] dfu / cfjzostfnfo{ dwogh/ ub}{ kffr 7fpFdf s[lif ;]6 6x/f lgdf{0f ug]{ epsf] 5. cfkm\gf v]taf/ldf s[ifsn] ptkfbg ug]{ sfpnl, uf]ne]f8f, agbfsf]al, ;fukft, 6df6/ nufotsf ;fdu L /fv]/ laqml ljt/0f ug{sf nflu 6x/f lgdf{0f ug{ nflupsf] lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;'g;/ln] hgfpsf] 5. sfof{non] lhnnfsf] sf]zl ufpfkflnsfl:yt xl/k'/ xf6, >Lk'/sf] sf]zl s6fg /fhdfu{ 5]p, ah{" ufpfkflnsfsf] lrd8l cf;kf; If]qdf, b'xjl gu/kflnsfsf] k"j{s'zfxfdf / a/fxf gu/kflnsfsf] dw'jg jf k sfzk'/dwo] Ps :yfgdf u/l kffr :yfgdf s[lif 6x/f lgdf{0f ul/g] epsf] xf]. s[lif ;]6 6x/f lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu ;Demf}tf;d]t eo;s]sf] / l5 } lgdf{0f sfo{ yflng] lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no ;'g;/lsf k d'v /fhsfgt emfn] hfgsf/l lbp.

2 ;DkfbsLo lj1sf] k ]:s[kzgsf cfwf/df ljifflb vl/b ug{ kfpg] lglt cfjzos g]kfn s[lif k bfg b]z xf]. t/ oxfsf ls;fgx?n] lgaf{xd'lvsf?kdf dfq} s[lif ub} cfo/x]sf 5g. cem klg g]kfnsf] s[lif Joj;fod'lv x'g;s]sf] 5}g. Joj;fod'lv x'g g;sg'sf] sf/0f s[lifsf nflu cfw'lgs k ljlw ls;fg;dd k'ug g;sg' xf]. g]kfndf clwstd k/dk/fut?kdf s[lif x'g'n] k/dk/fut s[lifaf6 lgjf{x dfq} x'g;sg] cj:yf /x]sf]nfo{ xfdln] gsfg{ ;Sg] 7fFp b]lvb}g. ckjfb :j?k s[lif cfw'lgs k ljlw sxl st} k of]u eo{/x]sf] klg xf]nf. sxl st} kmf6\6 k'm6\6 cfw'lgs k ljlwsf] k of]u x'g'nfo{ l;+uf] b]zsf] s[lifdf cfw'lgs k ljlw k'u]sf] 5 egg' cyjf dfgg' eg]sf] s[lifsf] ckdfg ug'{ ;/xg} xf]. Psflt/ ls;fg;dd cfw'lgs k ljlw k'ug ;s]sf] 5}g eg] cfsf{lt/ ljifflb k of]un] cggafln ptkfbgdf jif]{lg sld x'g] dfq} xf]og ljifflb k of]un] hdlg g} agh8 x'g] ;+efjgf klg plqs}5. ljifflb d'qm gf/f jf ljifflb lbj; dgfpb}df ljifflb k of]un] k'ug] ljz]if u/]/ gsf/ftds c;/sf ljifodf ls;fgx?df hgr]tgf k'u5 / ljifflb k of]udf ls;fgx? bif x'g5g\ elg 7fGg' csf]{ d'v{tfg} x'g5. g]kfndf ls;fgn] al9 ptkfbg u/l d'gfkmf lng] pb]zon] ljlegg ls;ldsf xd]f{g / ljifflbsf] k of]u ug{ yfn]sf 5g\. ljifflb k of]un] Pslt/ t/sf/l kmnkm'n ljiffqm t x'g5 g} ;fy} jftfa/0fdf /x]sf lhjhgt' kz'klg5 nuffptsf nflu ;d]t jftfj/0f b'lift / wldnf] agb} uo{ /x]sf] 5. ;/sf/n] ljifflb k of]u ug]{ ;lhnf] af6f] klg v'nnf u/]sf] 5 eg] csf]{ lt/ ljifflb k of]sf] gug{ cfu x klg u/l/x]sf] 5. s[lifdf ljifflb k of]u ug'{ j}1flgs b[li6sf]0fn] ;xl klg x'g ;S5 t/ ljifflbsf] k of]usf af/]df ;lx lglt lgod v} < g]kfnsf ls;fgx? arrfx?n] k;naf6 rfsn]6 vl/b u/]em} ljifflb vl/b / k of]u ul//x]sf 5g\. s'g aflndf, s'g l:yltdf, s'g dfqfdf ljifflb k of]u ug]{ egg] ljifosf] hfgsl/ x'b}g. ls;fgn] cfk'm v'lz hlt k of]usf] cg'dfg u5{g\ Tolt dfqfdf k of]u u5{g. To;sf] lb3{sflng k l/0ffdsf] ljifodf ;f]rb}gg\. ;frr} egg] xf] eg] clxn] g]kfndf ljiffblsf] hyfeflj?kdf k of]u x'g yfn]sf] 5. h;n] ubf{ dfgj :jf:yo b]lv jftf/0f ;DDff o;sf] c;/ a9b} u}/x]sf] 5. ;/sf/l tj/af6 ls;fg ;dif hgr]tgf k'ug ;s]sf] 5}g. ls;fgn] ljifflb k of]un] kfg{ ;Sg] gsf/ftds k efjsf af/]df yfxf kfpg ;ls/ x]sf 5}gg. ljifflb vl/bsf nflu h;/l cf}iflw vl/b ubf{ 8fS6/;Fu r]shffr u/fp/ dfq} xfdl cf}ifwl lsg5f} / d]l8snn] klg 8fS6/sf] k ]:s[kzgsf] cfwf/df xfdlnfo{ cf}ifwl lbg5 7Ls To:t} ls;fgn] ljifflb vl/b ubf{ klg s[lif lj1sf] ;nfxdf / s[lif lj1sf] k ]:s[kzgsf cfwf/df dfq} ljifflb vl/b ug{ kfpg] gllt ;/sf/n] agfpg' cfjzos 5. ljiffbl vl/b lalqm ubf{ s;}sf] ;Nnfx jf lgu/flg klg gepsf] cj:yfdf Pu f]e]6x?df ;xh / ;/n tl/sfn] vl/b ug{ kfpg] aftfa/0f epsf] x'gfn] ljifflbsf] k of]uaf6 x'g] xfglsf] ljifodf hgr]tgf gfds hlt aff;'/l ahfp klg s'g} To;sf] ;sf/ftds xn lg:sg] 5}g\. s[lif If]qsf] csf] cfzrfo{ nfubf] s'/f hddf ^ lbgsf] tflndsf] cfwf/df ljifflb ljlqm ug] { cg'dlt kq lbog5. k Zg cfp5 s] ^ lbgsf] tflndn] ljifflb lalqm ug{ ;Sg] biftf x'g5 t < of] ;DaGlwt ;/f]sf/jfnf lhdd]jf/ ;/sf/l lgsfon] hfgg'kg]{ s'/f xf]. ljifflb cyf{t ljifsf] o;l/ vl/b lalqmn] s[lif, jftfj/0f / :jf:yodf dfq} xf]og oxl ljifflb ljif_ ;]jgu/l dg]{ dflg;sf] ;Vof klg al9 /x]sf] 5. ;/sf/l lgsfon] o; ljifodf a}n]df Wofg glbg] xf] eg] o;n] eljiodf s:tf] lb3{sflng c;/ lgdtofpgs5 xfdl ;xh} cg'dfg ug{ ;S5f}. cfˆg} ;"rgf g]kfnsf] klxnf] s[lif sf?kdf k sflzt s[lif df tkfofsf If]qsf ep u/]sf s[lif If]q;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgf ;dfrf/ jf n]v /rgfx? 5g\ eg] xfdlnfo{ laxlaf/leq k7fpg'x'g cg'/f]w ul/g5. s[lif, cgfdgu/ kmf]g M )! $&&))%( ;Dks{ Od]nM sajnepal@gmail.com Web: sf7df8f}f. dfgjlo :jf:yodf k lts"n k efj kg]{ u/l u'0f:t/xlg j:t' ptkfbg u/]/ laqml ljt/0f ug]{ %) pbf]unfo{ sfg"gl sf/afxl ug]{ epsf] 5. dfgl;n] vfg gx'g] -cvfb_ j:t' ptkfbg tyf laqml ljt/0f u/]sf] cleof]udf vfb k ljlw tyf u'0f lgogq0f ljefun] pqm pbf]usf nufglstf{nfo{ ;DalGwt lhnnf k zf;g sfof{nodf d'2f btf{ u/]sf] xf]. ævfb tyf k]o kbfy{df cvfb j:t' ld;fj6 u/l laqml ljt/0f u/]sfn] pkef]qmfsf] :jf:yok"j{s affrg kfpg] clwsf/nfo{ vnn k' ofpsf] s;'/df d'2f btf{ u/]sf xf}fæ ljefusf k jqm k"0f{rgb j:tln] eg]. a9l gfkmf cfh{g ug]{ p2]zon] dfgj hljgsf] :jf:yodf v]naf8 u/l cvfb j:t' ptkfbg tyf laqml ljt/0f ug]{ %) pbf]u tyf kmfd{nfo{ vfb cg';f/ sf/afxl ul/g] epsf] xf]. ;a}egbf w]/} cvfb j:t' ptkfbg ug]{df sf7df8f}f lhnnf /x]sf] 5. vfb k ljlw tyf u'0f lgogq0f ljefu, aa/dxnn] ;fpgb]lv sflqs d;fgt;dd ahf/ cg'udg u/l tof/ kf/]sf] pqm k ltj]bgdf sf7df8f}f lhnnf ;a}egbf w]/} cvfb j:t' ptkfbg ug]{ lhnnfdf u0fgf epsf] 5. sf7df8f}f lhnnffsf l8«lsª jf6/ k fnl, o'lgs pbf]u sflndf6l, uf]kls[i0f pbf]u, afnfh', :jl:ts cfon OG8li6«h, ;'hn 8]/L k fnl, sf7df8f}f 8]/L k fnl, :t"kf OG8li6«h ;'Gb/Lhn, >L/fd o" Kofs]lhª pbf]u rfkfufpf, b'uw ljsf; ;+:yfg afnfh' / uf}td l:j6\; Go"/f]8 cvfb j:t' ptkfbg ug]{ pbf]udf k/]sf] k ltj]bgdf pnn]v 5. To;}u/L k ltj]bgdf cvfb j:t' ptkfbg ug]{ %) pbf]u sfg"gl sf/afxldf afun'ª. kffrf}f afun'ª dxf]t;j cfhb]lv z'? epsf] 5. ;b/d'sfdl:yt wjnflul/ ax'd'vl SofDk;sf] k fª\u0fdf cfof]lht dxf]t;jsf] u}/cfj;lo g]kfnl ;+3sf cwoif ejg e n] pb\3f6g ub}{ ljb]zdf /x]sf g]kfnln] k7fpg] ljk ]if0fnfo{ nufgldf kl/0ft ug]{ of]hgf /x]sf] atfpfb} ko{6g, hnljb't\, s[lifnufot ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf If]qdf nufgl ug{ ;/sf/ / lghl If]q;Fu ;+3n] ;xsfo{ /fhf/fd sfsl{ pktosfsf tlg lhnnfafx]s af/f /?kgb]xldf ;ft, dsjfgk'/ kffr, ;nf{xl / s~rfgk'/df tlg, emfkf / affs]df b'o{, ;'g;/l, bfª, aemfª / sf:slsf Ps Ps pbf]unfo{ ;d]t cleof]u nufo{ ;DalGwt lhnnfdf d'2f btf{ ul/psf] 5. nlntk'/df rf/ / eqmk'/df tlg pbf]un] pkef]qmfsf] lxtnfo{ a]jf:tf ub}{ b"lift, Go"g u'0f:t/o'qm j:t' ptkfbg u/l laqml ljt/0fdf NofPsf 5g\. nlntk'/l:yt g]kfn / ldnsdf08' 8]/L k fnl, ggbg ld7fo e08f/, ls;fg bfgf pbf]u / eqmk'/l:yt z+vw/ ld7fo k;n, ;+lhjgl 8]/L k fnl / g]r'/n l:k ª jf6/ emf}v]nn] Go"g tyf u'0f:t/lxg vfbj:t'sf] ptkfbg tyf laqml ljt/0f u/]sf] pnn]v 5. pktosfsf tlg lhnnfafx]s af/f /?kgb]xldf ;ft, dsjfgk'/ kffr, ;nf{xl / s~rfgk'/df tlg, emfkf / affs]df b'o{, ;'g;/l, bfª, aemfª ug]{ atfp. ;f] cj;/df gjlgjf{lrt ;f+;b b]j]gb kf}8]nn] lhnnf / ;du d'n'ssf] ;d[l4sf nflu cfkm" k lta4 ep/ nfug] k lta4tf JoQm u/]sf lyp. g]kfn pbf]u jfl0fho dxf;+3sf pkfwoif rgb k ;fb 9sfnn] afun'ªdf ko{6g, hnljb't\, s[lif / :yfglo ptkfbgsf] b[li6sf]0fn] k z:t ;Defjgf /x]sfn] kl/of]hgf agfp/ cl3 a9\g'kg]{ wf/0ff /fv]. ;+3sf cwoif Pjd\ d]nf ;+of]hs / sf:slsf Ps Ps pbf]unfo{ ;d]t cleof]u nufo{ ;DalGwt lhnnfdf d'2f btf{ ul/psf] 5. btf{ ul/psf d'2fdf ;a}egbf a9l t]n tyf t]nhgo!#, vfbfgg bnxg / ;f]af6 ag]sf vfb kbfy{!), b'uw tyf b'uw kbfy{ gf}, k zf]lwt lkpg] kfgl rf/, kmnk"mn tyf ;f]af6 ag]sf kbfy{ tlg, ld7fo tlg / cgo vfb kbfy{df ^! k ltzt pbf]uaf6 ptkfbg ul/psf j:t' cvffb e]l6psf x'g\. btf{ d'2fdf!* b"lift vfb Go"g u'0f:t/sf / ;ft n]jn;dagwl /x]sf 5g\. ljefusf dxflgb]{zs ;+HfLjs'df/ s0f{n] af/fsf] cf/tl e]lh6]an k f]8s6;n] ;~rfng u/]sf ;ft pbf]unfo{ eg] k6s] cvfb j:t' ptkfbg u/]sf] cleof]udf sf/afxl rnfog] epsf] hfgsf/l lbp. emfkfsf] ;fu/dtl km'8\; / wl/h rfdn pbf]u, ;'g;/lsf] t/x/f ;lkª, dsjfgk'/sf] r'l/ofdfo a]s/l pbf]ucgtu{t kffr, affs]sf /jlgb a bz{ sf]xnk'/ / k zfgt rfpldg ;; pbf]u afu]zj/l, s~rgk'/sf] cfo'if bfgf pbf]u, h;lnª :6f]/ / aemfªsf] uf]n8]g lq:kf :6f]/ klg sf/afxlsf] bfo/fdf cfpsf 5g\. To;}u/L, bfªsf] Plzog ;'k/ dfs]{6, sf:slsf] ;'hn 8]/L k fnl /?kgb]xlsf dff b'uf{ e08f/l ls/fgf k;n, l;4fy{ cfon OG8l:6«h, /f}gs cfw'lgs t]n pbf]u, l;4fy{ l/kmfog/l P08 ;f]ne]06, b'uf{ df]8g{ cfon ldn / ;fo{s[kf lrof pbf]u;d]t cvffb j:t' ptkfbg ug]{ ;"rldf ;"rls[t eo{ d'2f v]lk/x]sf 5g\. afun'ªdf ko{6g, hnljb't\ / s[lifsf] ;Defjgf ho/fd ef/ln] dxf]t;jnfo{ $ g+ k b]z:t/lo s[lif, ko{6g / cf}bf]lus d]nfsf?kdf lnopsf] atfp. Jofkf/, ko{6g, v]ns'b, snf / ;+:s[ltsf] k j{4g ug]{ p2]zo;lxt /flvpsf] Ps ;o *@ Jofj;flos sif /x]sf] dxf]t;j oxl ut];dd rng]5. dxf]t;jdf s[lif tyf n3' pbd / :yfglo ptkfbg lgmz'ns?kdf tyf /fli6«o:t/sf] nf]sbf]xf]/l, elnannufot k ltof]lutf klg /flvpsf] 5.

3 siff # dfq} k9]sf df}/lkfns u0f]zsf] jflif{s cfo 5 nfv # ax'd'vl SofDk;;Fu} s[lif SofDk; klg pqm ejgdf ;+rfng ljgf]bl;+x lji6 bfr'{nf k};f;d]t ugg ghfgg] Ps o'jsn] jflif{s? 5 nfv egbf a9l sdfo ul//x]sf 5g\ egg] ;'Gbf w]/}nfo{ crdd nfug ;S5. siff # ;Dd dfq} cwoog ug'{epsf bfr'{nf n]sd ufpfkflnsf! ;]hfnlsf u0f]z sfsl{ df}/lkfng Joj;fo ckgfp/ ufpfd} pbfx/0flo eg]sf 5g\. :gftsf]q/;dd k9]/ klg g]kfndf /f]huf/l g} kfofb}g eg]/ ljb]z knfog x'g vf]hg]x n] u0f]zaf6 l;sg'k5{. kffr jif{ cufl8b]lv Jofj;flos?kdf df}/lkfng z'? ug'{epsf pgln] o;} Joj;foaf6 cf7 hgfsf] kl/jf/ ;lhn};fu} kfln/x]sf 5g\. l/8\; g]kfn gfds ;+:yfn] z'?df b'o{ 3f/ df}/l] pknaw u/fpsf] lyof]. ToxL b'o{ 3f/ df}/laf6 u0f]zn] #)) 3f/ df}/l agfp. clxn] eg] pgl;fu %) 3f/ dfq} 5. pgn] eg] æ#)) 3f/ agfpsf] ep klg c? 3f/ laqml u/]+. ca %) 3f/ affsl x'g.æ ;]/]gf hftsf df}/lsf nflu pko'qm xfjfkfgl, ef}uf]lns jftfj/0f / r/g cfjzos x'g] epsfn] oxff df}/lkfng Joj;fosf] k r'/ ;Defjgf /x]sf] pgsf] egfo /x]sf] 5. siff # ;Dd dfq} k9\g'epsf u0f]zn] :jb]zd} >d a]r]/ cfˆgf] 3/wGbf rnfo/x]sf 5g\. æ5f]/f5f]/lsf] k9fo ug{ s'g} ;d:of 5}g,Æ pgn] eg] æ3/wgbf rnfpg s;};fu d'v hf]8\g'k/]sf] 5}g.Æ jflif{s %) 3f/ hlt laqml ug]{ u/]sf] / rf/ lsjg6n dx laqml ug]{ u/]sf] pgn] atfp. :yfglo ahf/df dx k ltlsnf]? *)) sf b/n] laqml x'g] u/]sf] 5. pn] eg] ædf}/l;lxtsf] 3f/ laqml ubf{ k lt 3f/? cf7 xhf/ k fkt x'g5.æ df}/lkfng Joj;foaf6 pglsf] jflif{s? 5 nfvegbf a9l cfdbfgl x'g] u/]sf] 5. df}/lkfng ubf{ z'?df s]xl ck7]/f] cfpsf] ep klg clxn] cfp/ s'g} ;d:of gepsf] cg'ej plg ;'gfp5g\. xfn /x]sf %) 3f/ df}/laf6 casf] s]xl 3f/ agfpg] pgsf] nio 5. cfpfbf] jif{df kffr lsjg6n dx laqml ug]{ ;f]r agfpsf $$ jifl{o u0f]zn] df}/l kfng] df]x g} cfkm"df /x]sf] atfp5g\. pgn] eg] æjoj;fo ug{ pd]/ / k9fo gep/ /f]lsfb}g. sfd ug]{ OR5f x'g'k5{ hffu/ cfkm}f cfpf5. Æ pgnfo{ dx laqml ug{ s'g} ;d:of 5}g. 3/d} dx lsgg u fxs cfpg] plg atfp5g\. æbfr'{nf, a}t8l, 88]Nw'/f tyf l5d]sl /fi6«ef/taf6 ;d]t dx lsgg u fxs cfpf5g\æ pgn] eg] ædx tyf df}/l 3f/ laqml ug{ s'g} ;d:of 5}g. 3/d} cfpg] u/]sf 5g\ u fxs.æ df}/l Ps pkof]ul ls/f xf]. of] sldnf / af?nf;fu glhssf] ;DaGw epsf] hlj xf]. o;n] dx tyf d}g ptkfbg ug{'sf ;fy} k/fu;]rgdf klg 7"nf] e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'g5. oltdfq x}g, df}/ln] dflg;sf] :jf:yo / cfly{s ;d[l4df 7"nf] of]ubfg k' ofpsf] x'g5. yf]/} nufgldf jif{el/ cfdbfgl x'g] epkl5 oxffsf c? s[ifs klg df}/ldf nufgl ug{ xf}l;psf] pgn] atfp. df}/l kfng vf;} cwoog cfjzos gkg]{ pgsf] cg'ej 5. pgn] eg] æxftdf ;Lk eof] eg] dfg5]n] h] klg ;Sbf] /x]5, k9fo gep klg.æ PsfGt 7fpF dg k/fpg] df}/lsf] r/gsf nful lrp/l tyf tf]/lsf] af/l cfjzos x'g5. pgn] tf]/laf/l glhs} df}/lsf 3f/ /fvg'epsf] 5. df}/ln] la?jfsf] k/fu;]rgdf ;xof]u k' ofpg] epsfn] jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf nflu klg kmfobf k'ug] df}/lkfnssf] egfo 5. o;n] ls;fgsf] ptkfbg a9fpg;d]t ;xof]u u5{. /f;folgs ljiffblsf] k of]u a9\g'h:tf sf/0fn] df}/lsf] r/g If]q v'ldrfb} upsf] pglsf] u'gf;f] 5. pgn] eg] ælr;f] df};ddf r/g If]q sd x'g] epsfn] lrglsf] rf:gl v'jfpg] u/]sf] 5'.Æ df}/lkfng;fu} u0f]zn] t/sf/l v]tl / afv fkfng ;d]t u/]sf 5g\. afv fkfng / t/sf/l v]tlaf6 ;d]t pgn] yk cfdbfgl ul//x]sf 5g\. t/sf/l v]tlaf6 klg dfq} pgn] jflif{s? tlg nfv sdfp5g\ eg] afv fkfngaf6 jflif{s? b'o{ nfv. df}/lkfng Joj;fo ug{;s] lgs} kmfobf x'g] epsfn] o; Joj;fodf nfug plg c? o'jfnfo{ ;'emfa lbg5g\. pgn] eg] æsd nufgldf dguo cfdbfgl ug{ ;lsg5, a]/f]huf/ o'jfsf nflu df}/lkfng Joj;fo cfdbfglsf] e/kbf]{ ; f]t xf].æ df}/lkfng Joj;foaf6 cftdlge{/ ag]sf u0f]z ufpfs} nflu pbfx/0flo epsf] :yfglojf;l dfgaxfb'/ sfsl{ atfpf5g\. ; ;fgf] nufgldf yf]/}yf]/} dx ptkfbg ug{ ;lsg] epklg Jofj;flos?kd} df}/lkfng ug{ 7"nf] nufgl ug{'k5{. nufgld}ql jftfj/0f, cfw'lgs k ljlw;fu;fu} g]kfnl dx ptkfbs s[ifsnfo{ cgt//fli6«o ahf/;ddsf] kx'fr lbnfpg] /fli6«o gllt cfjzos epsf] df}/lkfns ls;fg atfpf5g\. kz' lj1fg k of]uzfnf ;~rfngdf l;gw'nl. l;gw'nl lhnnfsf] dl/0f ufpf kflnsfdf s[lif SofDk; ;+rfng epsf] 5. s[lif tyf jg lj1fg ljzjljbfno /fdk'/sf] ;xof]u / ;DjGwgdf dl/0f ufpf kflnsfdf s[lif SofDk; ;+rfngdf NofO{P]sf] xf]. dl/0f ax'd'vl SofDk;;Fu} s[lif SofDk; klg pqm ejgdf ;+rfng xg] SofDk; Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cwoif /fds'df/ kf}8]nn] hfgsf/l lbp. ut] dl/0f ax'd'vl SofDk;sf] bzf}+ jflif{sf]t;asf cj;/df pgln] pqm s'/f atfpg'epsf] xf]. sfo{qmdsf k d'v cltly gda/ If]qaf6 k ToIf gjlgjfl{\rt k ltlglw ;ef ;b:o tyf k"j{ s[lif dgql xl/jf]n uh'/]nn] dl/0fdf s[lif SofDk; Nofpg w]/} ldlxg]t ug{'k/]sf] atfp. xl/af]n uh'/]nn] pqm SofDk; ;+rfngdf rflxg] ef}lts k'jf{wf/sf nflu JolQmut?kdf ;d]t dxq\jk"0f{ kxn ug{'epsf] ;ldltsf cwoifn] atfp. lziff dgql lul//fhdl0f kf]v/]nsf kfnfdf o;sf] l:js[lt k fkt epsf] xf]. sfo{qmdsf cltly /fdk'/ s[lif SofDk;sf l8g hok sfz bqn] ;'?jftdf dl/0fvf]nf sxff s:tf] 7fpFdf xf]nf eg]/ oxff k9\g cfpg] g]kfnel/sf ljbfyl{df sf}t'xntf ep klg clxn] ;xh kdf lng] u/]sf] atfp. pgn] o; If]qdf :yflkt s[lif SofDk;nfO{ e/k"/ ;xof]u ug]{ atfp. k d'v k];f s[lif /x]sf] dl/0f If]qdf s[lif SofDk; :yfkgf x'g' l;gw'nlsf] ljsf;sf nflu cfwf/lznf epsf] k"j{dgql uh'/]nn] atfp. $) hgf ljbfyl{sf] sf]6f /x]sf] :gfts :t/sf] Bsc. ag k9fo x'g] o; SofDk;df :yfglonfo{ hddf b'o{j6f dfq} sf]6f lbopsf] 5. ToxL klg k j]z k/liffdf b'j}hgf cg'ql0f{ epkl5 dl/0faf6 s[lif SofDk;df k9\g] ljbfyl{ clxn] g/x]sf] SofDk; k d'v atfpf5g\. sd;]sd!) j6f sf]6f l;gw'nljf;lnfo{ 5' fpg' kg]{ pglx sf] dfu 5. t/ o;sf nflu cfgbf]ng g} ug]{ kifdf eg] pglx g/x]sf] atfog5. o;kfln dl/0f ufpf kflnsfsf gjlgjf{lrt cwoif kflg/fh adhgn] s[lif SofDk;sf] nflu? % nfv lbg] lg0f{o epsf] atfp. :yfglo pknaw ; f]t / ljbfyl{ z'nsdf ;~rfng x'g] o; SofDk;df ef}lts nufot ug{'kg]{ y'k } sfd afsl /x]sf] ;ldltsf cwoif atfpf5g\. ;d:ofx sf] afjh't klg o; e]udf s[lif SofDk; :yfkgf eo{ o;} z}lifs ;qb]lv k7gkf7g ;'? x'g' uf}/jsf] ljifosf?kdf oxffsf hgtfn] lnpsf 5g\. cfosf] d'vo ; f]t s[lif epsf] g]kfndf o:tf s[lif k fljlws SofDk; vf]ng' ;ld 4sf] klxnf] v'l8\snf epsf] uh'/]nn] atfp. dfwolds txcgtu{t siff ( b]lv!@ ;Ddsf nflu k fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lziffcgtu{t kz' lj1fg lziff ;~rfng eo/x]sf] 5. kfnkf. kfnkfsf] /fdk'/ gu/kflnsf & l:yt cfwf/e"t dfwolds ljbfnodf z'qmaf/af6 kz' lj1fg k of]uzfnf z'? ul/psf] 5. o;} z}lifs ;qb]lv k fljlws lziffcgtu{t kfnkf lhnnfd} klxnf] k6s ;~rfngdf cfpsf] ;f] k of]uzfnfdf afv fnfo{ agwofs/0f u/l z'? ul/psf] xf]. z}lifs ;qsf] z'?df cfjzos z}lifs ;fdu L, k of]uzfnf, pks/0f h'6fpg g;s] klg clxn] cfp/ ljbfyl{nfo{ k7gkf7gdf clt cfjzos kg]{ ljlegg k of]uzfnfsf] Joj:yfkg ug{ yfn]sf] ljbfnosf cwoif sdn/fh e /fo{n] hfgsf/l lbp. dfwolds txcgtu{t siff ( b]lv!@ ;Ddsf nflu k fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lziffcgtu{t kz' lj1fg lziff ;~rfng eo/x]sf] 5. lhnnf ;b/d'sfd tfg;]gb]lv sl/a ^% lsnf]ld6/ k"j{df /fdk'/ gu/kflnsfl:yt kz' lj1fg lziff ;~rfngdf cfpkl5 u08sla]f;lsf kfnkf, :ofª\hf, tgx'f / gjnk/f;lsf :yfglonfo{ k fljlws lziff lng ;xh epsf] 5. 3/ 5f]8]/ a'6jn, lrtjg, sf7df8f}fnufotsf :yfgdf sf]7f ef8fdf lnp/ cwoog ub}{ cfo/x]sf o; If]qsf :yfglonfo{ ufpfd} a;]/ k fljlws lziff lng kfpkl5 cfly{s ef/ klg sd kg]{ epsf] 5. kz' lj1fg lziffdf ;ft clgjfo{ ljifo;lxt!! ljifo ;dfj]z ul/psf] 5. kz' lj1fg lziffcgtu{t siff ( df 5fqf!@ / 5fq!) u/l hgf ljbfyl{ cwoog/t /x]sf] lzifs s[i0f rf}w/l atfpf5g\.

4 ] { $ ;+3Lotfsf] ;d[l4df ;xsf/lsf] d'vo e"ldsf sf7df8f}f. g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg cg';f/ ckgfopsf] ;+3Lo zf;g Joj:yf ;~rfngdf ;xsf/lsf] dxtjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'ug] ljzjf; lnopsf] 5. ;xsf/lsf] df]8núdf cfwfl/t ep/ g} ;+3Lotfsf] k fb'ef{j epsfn] ;f]xl cjwf/ 0ffdf /x]/ k b]z k b]zalrdf cfk;l ;xsfo{ tyf k b]zleqsf] cfly{s ;jnls/0f ug{ ;lsg] ck]iff ul/psf] xf]. tlg} txsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ep;fu} ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf] /fhgllts ;+/rgf k"/f epsf] 5. k zf;lgs tyf cfly{s ;+/rgfnfo{ k efjsf/l agfpg'kg]{5. ;xsf/l tyf ul/al lgjf/0f dgqfnosf ;lrj uf]klgfy d}gfnln] ;xsf/lnfo{ k j4{g ug{ ;s] ;+3LotfnfO{ cfly{s?kdf ;d[4 agfpg ;lsg] atfp. pgn] eg], ælgjf{rgkzrft\ /fhgllts?kdf 7f8f] ;+/rgf tof/ eof], o;df k zfl;s?kdf df+zk];l eg'{k5{ / o;nfo{ k f0f lbg cfly{s ;jntf Nofpg'k5{, To;sf nflu ;xsf/l pko'qm cjwf/0ff x'g ;S5.Æ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] lgb]{zs l;4fgtcgtu{t cy{, pbf]u / jfl0fho;dagwl afun'ª. affemf] kln6psf] huufdf cn}frl v]tl km:6fpkl5 h}ldgl / # sf ls;fg v'zl 5g\. k/lif0fd} /fd f] cfdbfgl kfpsf ls;fgn] cn}frlsf] Jofj;flos v]tl z'? u/]sf x'g\. /fd f] ahf/ d"nosf sf/0f klg cn}frl v]tldf ls;fgsf] cfsif{0f a9]sf] xf]. ;f]xl 7fpFsf] uffhf ;fd'bflos s[lif ;xsf/l ;+:yfdfkm{t Ps ;o /f]kgl hldgdf klg cn}frl v]tl eo/x]sf] 5. cgo If]qdf klg v]tl lj:tf/ ug]{ of]hgf /x]sf] pnn]v ub}{ ;xsf/lsf cwoif xf]dgfy ;fksf]6fn] eg], æk/lif0f ;kmn epkl5 xfdl pt;flxt 5f}F. bd]ssf ;/sf/l, ;fd'bflos / lghl jgdf ;d]t cn}frl v]tl z'? ul/psf] 5.Æ :yfglojf;l cfggb cddfo{, emfkfsf kf/; sfˆn] / cgo ls;fgn] klg cn}frlsf] g;{/l :yfkgf u/]sf 5g\. ls;fgn] cn}frlsf] kmnb]lv la?jf;d]t laqml ug]{ u/]sf 5g\. ut jif{ lhnnfe/sf ls;fgn]?!) nfvsf] la?jf a]r]sf] lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] hgfpsf] 5. jflif{s? %) nfv leqøfpg] u/l ls;fgn] sfd ul//x]sf] sfof{nosf s[lif k ;f/ clws[t ljknjk ;fb clwsf/ln] atfp. pgsf cg';f/ lhnnfe/ #) x]s6/ a9l If]qkmndf glltdf ;fj{hlgs, lghl tyf ;xsf/l If]qsf] ;xeflutf / :jtgq ljsf;dfkm{t /fli6«o cy{tgq ;'b[9 ug]{ pnn]v 5. ;xsf/l If]qnfO{ k j4{g ub}{ cfly{s ljsf;df kl/rfng ug]{ /fhosf] k lta4tf /x]sf] tyf :jkl/rfng, :jpq/bfol / :jnlift ;xsf/lsf] cfwf/e"t l;4fgt ;+3Lotfdf cfly{s ;jntfsf] ;"rs x'g;s5. hg:t/d} k"fhl ;+sng u/]/ kl/rfng ug{ ;lsg] epsfn] d'n'ssf] ul/al lgjf/0fsf nflu ;xsf/l g} dxtjk"0f{ cfwf/ x'g] ;lrj d}gfnlsf] ljzjf; 5. d'n'ssf ;ftj6} k b]z / && lhnnfdf ;xsf/l ;~rfng 5g\. ;xsf/l tyf ul/al lgjf/0f dgqfnosf cg';f/ d'n'se/ #$ xhf/ ;xsf/l 5g\. ;xsf/ln] cfly{s If]qdf!( ljqlo tyf s'n ufx{:yo ptkfbgdf rf/ k ltztsf] of]ubfg 5. d'n'se/ ;xsf/lsf ^! nfv ;b:o 5g\ eg] To;df %! k ltzt dlxnf / rf/ xhf/ ^)) ;xsf/l dlxnfn] dfq ;~rfng u/]sf 5g\. d'n'sdf ;~rfng epsf ;a} If]qnfO{ ;xsf/ln] ;d]6]sf] 5. ;xsf/ln] cfly{s ;zqmls/0f, cn}frl v]tl ul/psf] 5. bd]s, b'lbnfef6l, v/afª, a'lt{afª, cu{n, lxn, /fª\vfgl, a/]ªnufotsf If]q cn}frl v]tlsf nflu pko'qm dflgpsf] 5. cn}frltkm{ ls;fgsf] cfsif{0f a9]sfn] v]tl lj:tf/ x'fb} upsf] sfof{nosf s[lif k ;f/ clws[t ljknjk ;fb clwsf/ln] atfp. æafun'ªdf cn}frlsf] /fd f] ;Defjgf 5Æ, pgn] eg], æv]tl ul//x]sf ls;fgn] /fd f] cfdbfgl ul/x]sf 5g\.Æ l;d;f/, plq;sf]?v epsf vf]n;f / kfvf]af/l cn}frl v]tlsf nflu pko'qm dflgg5. cn}frl laqmlsf nflu eg] k"j{sf] emfkfnufotsf 7fpFdf k' ofpg'kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf] clws[t clwsf/lsf] egfo 5. 7"nf] dfqfdf ptkfbg ;fdflhs?kfgt/0f / ;f+:s[lts ;dfj]zls/0f ug]{ epsfn] klg ;xsf/lsf] dxtj a9\b} upsf] ;lrj d}nfgl atfp5g. pglsf cg';f/ k To]s :yfglo txdf Pp6f ;Ifd ;xsf/l x'g'k5{, ToxfFaf6 ;d[l4sf] 9f]sf p3 G5. ;lrj d}gfnln] eg] æ;xsf/l ljkggtfsf nflu ul/g] xf]og, ljkgg cfkm}fn] ug]{ xf]æ To;}n] ul/al lgjf/0fdf dxtjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g] epsf] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf hffbf klg ;xsf/l tyf ul/al lgjf/0f dgqfno cfjzos 5. /fli6«o ;xsf/l ;+3sf cwoif s]zj a8fnn] ;+ljwfgdf ;dfhjfb pdd'v cy{tgqsf] snkgf ;xsf/lsf] cfwf/df ul/psf] ;f]xlcg';f/ ;+3Lo ;'zf;g Joj:yfnfO{ cfly{s?kdf ;Ifd agfpg ;xsf/ln] dxtjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]ng] atfp. pgsf cg';f/ &%# :yfglo tx tyf && lhnnfdf ;xsf/lsf] pkl:ylt epsfn] ;f]xldfkm{t cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf jftfj/0flo?kdf kl/jt{g Nofpg ;lsg] atfp. cwoif a8fnn] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfdf cfly{s :yflotj k bfg ug{ d2t u5{ eg]. cn}frl v]tldf ls;fg cfslif{t epsf] cn}frl eg] Jofkf/Ln] ufpfd} cfp/ vl/b ug]{ u/]sf 5g\. g]kfndf ptkfbg x'g] cn}frl ljb]zl d'n'sdf ;d]t lgof{t x'g] u/]sf] 5. kl5nnf] ;do eg] cn}frlsf] d"nodf sdl cfpkl5 ls;fg lrlgtt 5g\. k ltlsnf]? b'o{ xhf/;dddf laqml x'g] cn}frl clxn] 36]/? xhf/egbf klg sd epsf] 5. ptkfbg ug{ ;s] laqmlsf] eg] ;d:of g/x]sf] ;Da4 ls;fgsf] egfo 5. sd nufgldf /fd f] cfdbfgl lbg] epsfn] klg ls;fg cn}frl v]tltkm{ cfslif{t epsf x'g\. lhnnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{non] v]tl ug{ rfxg] ls;fgnfo{ lgmz'ns la?jf pknaw u/fpfb} cfpsf] 5. s]xl dlxnf klxnf a'6jn jx'd'vl SofDk; ljp:;l l4lto aif{df cwoog ug] { # hgf ljbfyl{x?sf] dgdf cgf}7f] k s[ltsf] ;~rf/ eof]. l/t' aghf8], dlg;f e'iffn / cfzjlgl s'df/ u'ktf cwofog cg';f/sf] /f]huf/l gkfpkl5 Pp6f h'qml lgsfn]. h'qmldf pglx?n] :jb]zdf g} ptfkbg epsf] srrf kbfy{ k of]u u/l s]xl goff ug] ;f]r agfp. ;f]xl qmddf c3f{vffrldf k9\b} cfpsf efu/y aghf8] ;+u ;Nnfx u/l goff sfo{ ug]{ of]hgf agfp. pglx?n] ufpdf g} ptkfbg x'g] l;:g', l;gsl-u'gb 's_nfo ;+sng u/l ;'k agfp/ a]rg], To;df} clxn]sf o'jfx?sf] /f]hfo{df /x]sf] au{/nfo{ klg ;dfj]; ug]{ of]hgf agfp. ljbfyl{ pd]/sf ;a} 3/b]lv afxl/ a:b} cfpsf lyp. ;a}n] cf cfkm\gf] sf]7fdf epsf] ;fdfgx? NofP / o'6\o'j dfkm{t au{/ agfpg l;s]. To;sf] gfd /fv] s'nr] au{/. o;}df yk kl/sf/ ykg] of]hgf ;d]t pglx?sf] lyof]. To;df rsn]6l s]/f lrk; ;d]t agfpg o'6\o'jaf6 g} l;s]. km G8]; km'6 Sofkm] - Pkm=Pkm=;L_ u' k gfd lbpsf] pqm ;d'xl Ps ;b:o l/t' aghf8] eg5lg\ g]kfndf /f]huf/lsf] cj;f/sf] vf]hl u of}, t/ s]xl e]6]gf}, To;}n] cfkm}n] ;'? u of]. clxn] klg xhf/f} o'jfx? ljb]zl e'lddf up/ kl;gf aufpsf] oyf{ttf /x]sf] egb} pglx?n] ;fd'lxs efjgfaf6 pqm sfo{ ;'? u/]sf] atfp5g\. $ hgf ;fylx?n] k lt ljbfyl{ & xhf/?k}off hddf u/]/ Joj;foLs l;:g' / l;gslsf] ;'k / s'nr] au{/ a]rb} ljbfyl{ u'gb 's / l;:g'sf] ;'k nfo{ #)?k}off, rsn]6l s]/f lrk;nfo{ #)?k}off k lt Kn]6 /fv]sf 5g\ eg] s'nr] au{/sf] d'no ^)?k}off lgwf{/0f ul/psf] 5. a'6jndf hf/l k b{zgldf kl/sf/ agfpb} ljbfyl{x?. t:jl/m s[i0f vgfn a'6jn s[i0f vgfn a'6jn?kdf ;'?jft u/]sf] pglx?sf] egfo{ /x]sf] 5. ljbfyl{ aghf8] eg5lg\ xfdln] SofDk;df ltg'kg]{ /sd s6f}tl u/]/ of] Joj;fo ;'? u/]sf xf}. xfn a'6jndf hf/l!$ cf} cf}bf]uls k b{zglsf] a]s/l tyf kl/sf/ :6n gda/ $ df pglx?n] :6n /fv]sf 5g\. cfkm} ljbfyl{x?n] g} kl/sf// agfp/ ljlqm ub}{ cfpsf 5g\. ;'?jftl lbgdf sl/j % xhf/?k}off s/f]jf/ u/]sf] pglx?n] bf]; f] lbg zlgjf/ xhf/?k}off ;Dd cfdbfgl u/]sf 5g\. goff ufpsf] kl/sf/ epsf] sf/0f l;gsl / u'gb s'sf] ;'k /f]hfo{df kg]{ u/]sf] 5 eg] o'jfx?sf] /f]hfo{df eg] s'nr] au{/ kg]{ u/]sf] 5. :6ndf ;hfj6sf] ;a} ;fdfgx? ljbfyl{x? cfkm}n] g} srrf kbfy{sf] k of]u u/l lgdf{0f u/]sf 5g\. cfs{ifs?kdf ljlegg sfuh, tyf Knfi6Ls k of]u u/]/ pglx?n] :6n ;hjf6 u/]sf 5g\. u'gb 's / l;:g'sf] ;'k nfo{ #)?k}off, rsn]6l s]/f lrk;nfo{ #)?k}off k lt Kn]6 /fv]sf 5g\ eg] s'nr] au{/sf] d'no ^)?k}off lgwf{/0f ul/psf] 5. lgs6 eljzodf a'6jnsf] cgo :yfgdf Joj;foLs?kdf g} pqm Joj;fnfO{ lg/gt/tf lbg] tof/l /x]sf] ;d'xsf ljbfyl{ efu/y aghf8]n] hfgsf/l lbp. ;fgf] nufgldf g} :jb]zdf /fd f] sfd ug{ ;lsg5, cfdbfgl ug{ ;lsg5 egg] dfgotfn] pglx?n] Joj;fo ;'? u/]sf] atfpsf 5g\. dxf]t;jdf :6ndf ;d]t s]xl k ltzt 5'6 k fkt u/]sf] sf/0f cfkm'x?nfo{ ;xh epsf] ljbfyl{ atfp5g\.

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6 ^ Nepal's First Agriculture Weekly Siraha farmers facing fertilizer crunch k'; # 18 December 2017 Monday Lahan / Farmers in Siraha are a worried lot these days due to the shortage of fertilizers at the time of what cultivation. Farmers from rural areas coming to the fertilizer depot at Lahan in Siraha have to return empty-handed. There is shortage of DAP and urea fertilizer in the district. Mohammad Mastikim, who came to Lahan from Govindapur of the district to buy DAP fertilizer, said that he did not get the fertilizer and had to return emptyhanded. He complained that his field will remain fallow this season as he was not getting the fertilizer during the wheat cultivation time. Farmers have complained that the local dealers buy the little DAP and Urea fertilizer that the Agriculture Inputs Company, Lahan provides them and sell it at exorbitant price. Many farmers even get to buy the fertilizer even at that price. However, the cooperatives in the district have been getting the fertilizer in inadequate quantity through the Company that also after visiting the company depot for three or four days. The cooperatives say that they are compelled to sell it at higher price to farmers as the transportation cost is higher. Company's Lahan branch manager Chandra Prasad Chaulagain said there is shortage of chemical fertilizer in the district due to short supply. According to him, the branch has only Rs 7.5 million appropriated for tea farming 458 DAP sacks in stock at its warehouse and there is not a single bag of urea fertilizer. The Company stated that it supplied 7,500 sacks of urea fertilizer and 12 Lahan/The Himalaya Sugar Mills closed for seven months for lack of sugarcane s cks has resumed its produc on. The Chandra A y o d h y a p u r - b a s e d sugar mills restarted the produc on with the supply of sugarcane thousand 217 bags of DAP to the Lahan depot till now since October 18. The company sells urea fertilizer at the rate of Rs 738 per sack and the SAP fertilizer at Rs s cks from the farmers, Manager of the Mills Awadh Kishor Yadav said. Of the 13 sugar mills across the country, Himalaya Sugar Mills has installed the latest refinery for producing be er quality of sugar. The Mills has the 2,188 per bag to the cooperatives. But the cooperatives are charged of selling that to the farmers at higher price taking undue advantage of the shortage. Himalaya Sugar Mills resumes seven months a er capacity to produce 25,000 quintals of sugar every day, the company's management said. According to the District Agricultural Development Office, Siraha, sugarcane farming is being carried in 25,000 bigaha of land in the district. Bhojpur / A big amount is allocated for tea farming at Aamchowk rural municipality in Bhojpur district. Rural municipality chair Ashok Rai said that the budget was appropriated in a way to provide economic and technical support to the tea farmers. The first meeting of the rural municipality council after the formation of local government had allocated Rs 7.5 million for up-scaling the tea farming. Bhojpur is considered to have high potential for tea farming.

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Ps lsnf] k'jf? $)) df laqml x'g] u/]sf] 5. DofUbLdf JolQm / ljlegg ;d"xn] bzj6f cnnf] k zf]wg pbf]u ;~rfng u/]sf 5g\. h+unaf6 NofPsf] k'jfnfo{ tftf]kfgldf ksfp/ ;'sfpkl5 ; ;fgf] /]zf lg:sg] u5{. To;nfO{ rvf{df 3'dfP/ wfuf] agfpg] ul/psf] d'unfgl cnnf] sk8f pbf]usf ;~rfns vf]h]gb dnnn] atfp. ;f] wfuf]af6 sk8f tof/ kf/l sf]6, emf]nf, k;{, ;n / :j]6/ agfpg ;lsg5. alnof], l6sfp, hf8f]df Gofgf] / udl{df :ofxf/ gx'g', l;frfo tyf dnvfbsf] plrt Joj:yfkg ug{ g;sg' tyf ;'Gtnf km"n km"n]kl5 cl;gf cfpgfn] ptkfbgdf lu/fj6 cfpsf] >]i7 atfp5g. ;'Gtnf ptkfbgdf x f; cfp klg ls;fgnfo{ 3f6f gnfug] >]i7n] atfp. ptkfbg ut jif{egbf sl/a #@ k ltzt sd 5. k ltlsnf]? *) b]lv?!%) ;Dd ;'Gtnf laqml eo/x]sfn] ls;fgnfo{ 3f6f gnfug] >]i7n] atfp. ut jif{ rf/ xhf/ $) d]l6«s 6g ;'Gtnf kmn]sf] uf]/vfdf ls;fgn]?!( s/f]8 cfdbfgl lnpsf lyp eg] o; s/f]8;dd cfdbfgl ls;fgn] ;'Gtnf laqmlaf6} lng] >]i7 atfp5g\. o;}alr ;'Gtnfs} bfgfdf dgsfdgfsf] ;'GtnfÚ 6\ofu 6fF;]/ ls;fgn] laqml u/]sf 5g\. dgsfdgfsf] ;'Gtnfsf] a f08 hf]ufo/fvg ;'Gtnfs} bfgfdf 6Øfu nufopsf] xf]. au}frfdf k'u]/ Jofkf/Ln] af]6af]6} ;'Gtnf vl/b u/]kl5 ;'Gtnf laqml ug]{ em~em6af6 eg] ls;fg d'qm epsf 5g\. cnnf] k'jf cfdbfglsf] dfwod zltn x'g] cnnf]sf sk8fsf] dfu a9]sf] wf}nflul/ ufpfkflnsf & wf/fkfglsf] g]r'/n g]lknh xof08l qmfˆ6 k f]8s6 P08 dfs]{l6ª k f=lnsf ;~rfns ls/g yfkfn] atfp. pbdlsf cg';f/ alnof], l6sfp, hf8f]df Gofgf] / udl{df zltn x'g] cnnf]sf sk8fsf] dfu a9]sf] 5. ut r}tdf ;~rfngdf cfpsf] pqm pbf]uaf6 xfn;dd? tlg nfvsf] cnnf] sk8f laqml eo;s]sf] 5. yk rf/ ;o ld6/ sk8f laqml x'g affsl /x]sf] / ahf/sf] vf]hl eo/x]sf] yfkfn] atfp. k ltld6/ cnnf]sf sk8f u'0f:t/cg';f/? $)) b]lv *%) sf b/n] laqml x'g] u/]sf] 5. Ps lsnf] wfuf]af6 kffr ld6/ sk8f agfpg ;lsg5. x/]s ;f]daf/ laxfg &M!% b]lv &M$% ah];dd zlt nx/sf] ;dodf lr;f]sf sf/0f dflg;sf] d[to';d]t x'g ;S5 To;}n], ) afnaflnsf, j[4j[4f, ue{jtl dlxnf tyf la/fdlx?sf] x]/rfxdf ljz]if ;ts{tf ckgfpfb} afnaflnsfx?nfo{ Gofgf] cj:yfdf /fvg] Joj:yf ldnfcf}f. ) lr;f]sf] sf/0f la/fdl epdf ttsfn} glhssf] :jf:yo rf}sl jf c:ktfndf t'?gt pkrf/sf] nflu hfg] afglsf] ljsf; u/f}f. ) zlt nx/ rn]sf] a]nfdf kfnt' kz'k+iflnfo{ ;s];dd v'nnf :yfgdf r/fpg gn}hfcf}f. uf]7 6x/fd} /fv]/ kof{kt 3fF; k/fn / bfgf lbg] Joj:yf ldnfcf}f. ) lr;f]sf sf/0f k'zk+ifl lj/fdl epdf glhs}sf] kz' lrlst;fnodf t'?gt} ;Dks{ u/l cf}ifwf]krf/ ug{ n}hfcf}f. ) sf]7fleq cfuf] afnl tftf] kfbf{ kof{kt e]l06n];gsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg ge'nf}f. g]kfn ;/sf/ ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dgqfno ;"rgf ljefu

8 { * lh=k =sf=sf7df8f+} s[lif b=g+= M cgtjf{tf{ )^ )^( &) :yflgo tx;ddf s[lif laif]z1 ;]jf k'ug' k5{ egg] xfd f] dfgotf xf] s[lif k';!&!) 25 1 December January Monday k sfz s'df/ ;Gh]n s[lif ljefu pkdxflgb]{zs b]z ;+l3otfsf] 9fFrfdf k'lu;s]sf] cj:yf 5 s[lif ljefun] lbg] ;]jf / s[lifsf] ;+/rgf s] x'g] egg] 6'uf] nfu]sf] b]lvb}g s;/l ls;fgn] s[lif ;]jf kfpnfg < g]kfnsf] ;ljwfg cg';f/ b]z ;+l3otfsf] # txdf eo{;s]sf] cj:yfdf 5.s[lif ljefu klg Tolx cg';f/ hfg5. xfd f] b]ze/l 5l/o/ /x]sf lgsfox? s'g lgsfo ;+3df /xg], s'g lgsfo k b]zdf /x]g] / s'g :yflgo txdf /xg] egg] 6'Ëf] nfug;s]sf] 5}g\ t/ To; ljifodf 5nkmn / k of;x? hf/l g} 5g\. clxn]sf] cj:yfdf 5'6\6} sfo{no /xg] cj:yf b]lvb}g t/ s'gs'g sfd :yflgo tx, k b]z / ;+3af6 x'g] egg] s'/fsf] Pp6f ;'lr lglzrt epsf] 5. To;nfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ xfldn] clxn] ;+3 / k b]zdf of] of] kg]{ lgsfox? /xg' k5{ eg]/ k :tfj xfldn] s[lif ljsf; dgqfnodf k7fpsf 5f} / s;/l s[lifnfo{ clwsf/ ;dkgg ug'{ k5{ egg] xfldn] ;'emfj ;d]t a'emfpsf 5f}. To;sf] cg';f/ tkfo{n] eg] h:tf] s[lif ljefu ;+3df k :tfljt /x]sf] 5. To; sf/0f s[lif ljefu /xg5, To;}u/L s[lif ;"rgf s]gb / ljp ljhg u'0f:t/ lgogq0f s]gb klg ;+3df /xg] s'/f 5. c? lgsfox? s[lif ljefu dftxtdf s]lx lgb] {zgfnox? / s]lgb o k of]uzfnfx? h:t} afln afujflg To:t} dt:o x]g] u/]/ Pp6f /fli6«o s[lif ptkfbstj lgb] {zgfno /xg] u/]/ xfldn] k :tfj u/]sf 5f}. clxn] of] ljifo 5nkmnsf] qmddf /x]sf] 5. k b]zdf klg Tolx cg';f/ /xg], xfd f] ljefu / sfo{qmd lgb]{zgfnon] lo ;a} /fli6«o sfo{qmdx? nfo{ ufe]/ s]xl & b]lv * j6f sfo{qmd lgb]{zgfnox? x/]s k b]zdf /xg] k :tfj u/]sf 5f}. clxn] xfdln] k fkt hfgsf/l ep cg';f/ k b]zdf dgqfnosf] dfq} s'/f cfpsf] 5 To; dftxtsf lgsfox? k b]z ;/sf/ u7g ep kl5 g} 6'Uofpg] s'/f a'lempsf] 5. :yflgo txdf s[lifsf] 5'66} sfo{no /xg] xfd f] k :tfj lyof]. olb uffpkflnsfx?df s[lifsf] 5'6\6} lgsfosf]?kdf /x\of] eg] lgs} ;lhnf] x'g]5 lsgls Toxf xfd f] s[lif lj1x? /xg'x'g5 / xfd f] ;]jf :yflgo txdf ;Dd ;xh} k'ug;s5. s[lifdf Ps b'o{ hgf k fljlwsn] dfq k'ub}g egg] lx;fjn] xfldn] 5'6\6} lgsfosf] k Ztfj u/]sf] lyof} t/ Tof] ;a}wflgs Joj:yf cg';f/ cg's'n b]lvpg To;sf/0f ca ;Dalwt afln zfvf, dxfzfvf cyjf s'g} zfvfsf] gfddf /xg5. To;/L x]bf{ v]/l ;+3df dgqfno, ljefu / s]lgb o lgsfox?, ljefu dfkm{t s]lx lgb] {zgfnox?, k b]zdf dgqfno dfq /xg] / :yflgotxdf cfpbfv]/l :yflgo txdf zfvfsf]?kdf /xg] b]lvpsf] 5. ca s;/l s[lif ;]jf k'u5 t :yflgo txdf < xfldn] ub}{ cfpsf] sfdx? / ls;fgx?nfo{ lbg] ;]jf k jfx cem a9l s;/l ;'lglrt ug]{ ;f]rb} 5f}. clnslt cgof]ntf rflx xfdl ;a}sf] rf;f]sf] ljifo 5 / ljutdf s]xl ca/f]w eg] /x\of] clxn] h:t} xfldn] k efx ug{nfo{ vf;u/l :yflgo txdf ;d:of cfpsf] b]lvg5 clxn] :yflgo txdf ah]6sf] lx;fan] s[lif If]q k5fl8 kg]{ b]lvpsf] 5. o;df s[lif ljefun] dxtj a'emfpg g;s]sf] xf] ls < o;df ljlegg sf/0fx? 5g. vf;u/l :yflgo txdf lalqo ;dflgs/0f cg'bfg % cj{!@ s/f]8?k}of h'g xfd f] s[lif dgqfnon] lbof] k ltzt ah]6 x'g cfp5. tkfo{ eg]sf] h:tf] ;a} ah]6x? s[lif ljsf;s} sfo{qmddf ljlgof]hg x'g ;s]g. lxhf] dfq ljefudf ;ldiff eof] To;df s] b]lvof] e g] $* k ltzt /sd dfq s[lif ljsf; sfoqmdsf] nflu ljlgof]hg epsf] b]lvof]. s]lx s[lif ljefusf] tkm{af6 klg k ofkt cled'lvs/0fx?df :yflgo txsf h'g k ltlglw x?nfo{ af]nfpg g;s]s} xf] To;df s[lif ljefusf] k ToIf ;xsfo{ ;Djfb cyf{t ;Nnfxsf] lx;fadf /x]g. :yflgo ;/sf/ cfkm} :jfoq epsf] x'gfn] xfldn] rflx pglx? ;+u k ToIf?kdf kqrf/ u/]/ af]nfpg] l:ylt klg /x]g. h'g &$$ j6f :yflgo tx 5g\ lt txdf s]gb jf6 k'ug] cj:yf klg /x]g T;;}n] xfldn] lhnnf s[lif sfo{nox?nfo{ k6s k6s s] eg]sf 5f} eg] :yflgo tyf ;+l3odfldnf dgqfno dfkm{t :yflgo txsf k ltlglwx?nfo{ xfdln] lbpsf] % cj{!@ nfv?k}of of] sfo{qmd ug{sf] nflu xf] eg]/ & * j6f sfo{qmd :yflo txdf lbpsf lyof} Tof] sfo{qmd s;/l ug]{ / To;sf] df]8flnl6 s] xf] To;sf] sfo{ljlw ;lxt ;+l3o dfldnf tyf :yflgo ljsf; dgqfno dfkm{t lnlvt?kdf g} hfgsf/l lbpsf5f}+. lhnnf s[lif sfo{nonfo{ s] egof] eg] xfld ;a}if]qdf k'ug ;Sb}gf} cfk\mgf] txaf6 lhnnfdf /x]sf hgk ltlglwx?nfo af]nfp/ s[lifsf] dxtj / lglt lgodsf] af/]df ug'{ kg]{ s[lifsf sfo{qmdx?sf af/]df hfgsf/l u/fpg'xf]; eg]/ xfldn] lgb]{zg u/]sf 5f} t/ oxfn] eg] h:t} ;a} sfo{non] Tof]s'/f ug'{ epg. Toxf xfldn] toxff a'hbf v]/l k fljlws ;d:of klg s] /x\of] eg] otf cfkmgf] sfo{qmdx? klg ;dodf ;Sg' kg]{ afwotf / xfldn] s[lifsf sd{rf/l ;flyx?nfo{ 9Lnf u/]/ k7fof} To;n] ubf{ ah]6 aff8km8 ubf{ v]/l klxnf] rf} dfl;sdf xfd f k fljlwsx? k'ug' epg To;sf/0fn] klg o:tf] epsf] xf]. clxn] hgk\ltlglwx? e]6bf v]/l ;a}n] hgk ltlglwx?n] s[lifsf] dxtj a'em]sf 5f} / casf] bf]; f] rf}dfl;sdf xfdl s[lifsf sfo{qmdx? u5f}{. To;}n] ca hgk ltlglwx?n] s[lifnfo{ dxtj lbg'x"g5 egg] cfzf /fv]sf 5f}. t/ hxf s[lif k d'vx? ;lqmp epsf 7fpx?df xfdln] k7fpsf] egbf klg a9l ah]6 ljlgof]hg epsf] 5. clxn] ca goff ;+/rgf agb} 5. t/ s[lifnfo{ hlt dxtj lbg' kg] { xf] Tolt lbpsf] kfob}gf. lsg s[lif dgqfno cu ;/ epsf] b]lvb}gf < Psbd} dxtjk"0f{ k Zg ug'{eof]. k"0f{;+/rgfdf lgsfox? l9nf] epsf] h:tf] Aoltmut?kdf dnfo{ klg nfu5. xfldn] jf:tjdf lgsfo k :tfj ug]{ qmddf s[lif ljsf; dgqfno w]/} cufl8 /x]sf] 5. xfldn] w]/} tof/l u/]/ w]/} k6s ceof;x? u/]/ Pp6f lgrf]8 lgsfn]sf 5f} :yflgo tx;ddf s[lif laif]z1 ;]jf k'ug' k5{ egg] xfd f] dfgotf xf] / clxn] klg sfod /x]sf] 5. To;}n] ;Dej ep;ddf Pp6f x/]s uffpkflnsf, gu/kflnsf / dxfgu/kflnsfdf s[lif ljsf; sfo{no /xg' k5{. h'g Pp6f s[lif ljsf; cfw'lgs/0f tkm{ nlub} u/]sf] 5 Tof]ult 6'6\g' xb}g. :yflgo txn] klg clxn] s[lif ljsf; ;'lrdf k/]sf sfdx? cg'?k ljz]if1 ;]jf kfpg} k5{. dd{ cg'?k xfldn] ;Dej ep s[lif ljsf; sfo{no x/]s :yflgo txdf ;Dej 5}g eg] klg Pp6f sn:6/sf]?kdf cyjf s[lif ljz]if1sf] ;]jf b]lv #) j6f kflnsf x]g]{ u/]/ Tof] lgsfox? /xg' k5{. x/]s :yflgo txnfo{ ljz]if1 ;]jf, cg'udg / d'nofs+gsf] sfd xf]; egg] lx;fadf xfd f] tkmaf6 w]/} cufl8 epsf] xf]. To;}n] ;+3 / k b]zdf lgsfox? klg xfldn] s[ifssf] efjgf cg'?k s[lif lglt cg';f/ cfw'lgs/0f / cf]wf}lus/0f cg';f/ slif ljsf; dgqfno dfkm{t k :tfj epsf] xf]. of] s[lif lasf; dgqfnos} dfq gep/ ;a} ;+/rgf sf] ljifo xf]. ;+/rgf k'/f epsf] 5}g tyflk xfldn] s] sfo{qmd s[ifssf] lxtdf x'g5 / s[ifs cg's'n x'g'k5{ egg] xfd f] hf]8 xf]. xa a f]8sfl:6ª\ k f=ln=åf/f k sflzt, sfof{nom cgfdgu/, kmf]g g+=m (*%!)%($%%, kf]=a=g+=m $#!@, O{ d]nm sajnepal@gmail.com, d'b 0fM Zj]tsfnL 5fkfvfgf, sfo{sf/l ;DkfbsM of]u]gb k tfk zfxl, ;DkfbsM j}s'07 e08f/l