Effect of EDTA and Lysozyme on the Antimicrobial Activity of Ovotransferrin against Listeria monocytogenes

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Effect of EDTA and Lysozyme on the Antimicrobial Activity of Ovotransferrin against Listeria monocytogenes"

Transcription

1 Animl Inustry Report AS 656 ASL R Effect of EDTA n Lysozyme on the Antimicroil Activity of Ovotrnsferrin ginst Listeri monocytogenes Kyung Yuk Ko Iow Stte University Aurey F. Menonc Iow Stte University Dong U. Ahn Iow Stte University, uhn@istte.eu Recommene Cittion Ko, Kyung Yuk; Menonc, Aurey F.; n Ahn, Dong U. (2010) "Effect of EDTA n Lysozyme on the Antimicroil Activity of Ovotrnsferrin ginst Listeri monocytogenes," Animl Inustry Report: AS 656, ASL R2495. Aville t: This Animl Proucts is rought to you for free n open ccess y the Animl Science Reserch Reports t Iow Stte University Digitl Repository. It hs een ccepte for inclusion in Animl Inustry Report y n uthorize eitor of Iow Stte University Digitl Repository. For more informtion, plese contct igirep@istte.eu.

2 Effect of EDTA n Lysozyme on the Antimicroil Activity of Ovotrnsferrin ginst Listeri monocytogenes A.S. Leflet R2495 Kyung Y. Ko, grute reserch ssistnt; Aurey Menonc, professor, Deprtment of Foo Science n Humn Nutrition Dong Ahn, professor, Deprtment of Animl Science Summry n Implictions This stuy evlute the effect of EDTA n lysozyme on the nticteril ctivities of ctivte ovotrnsferrin ginst 5 strins of L. monocytogenes. First, isc test ws performe to screen the concentrtions of EDTA or lysozyme tht showe nticteril ctivities in ovotrnsferrin (O) or ovotrnsferrin in 100 mm NHCO 3 (OS) solution. Turiity n viility test were conucte using O or OS solution comine with either lysozyme (OL n OSL) or EDTA (OE n OSE). Also, OS comine with 2 mg/ml lysozyme (OSL) or/n 1 mg/ml EDTA (OSLE) were pplie on commercil hms to etermine if the solutions show nticteril ctivities on met proucts. The effect of initil cell popultion on the nticteril ctivities of ovotrnsferrin comine with either EDTA or lysozyme ws lso etermine. L. monocytogenes strte to grow fter 1 y of incution in the presence of > 2.0 mg/ml lysozyme. OL groups showe wek nticteril ctivities ginst L. monocytogenes in BHI roth culture n their ctivities were cteriosttic. OSL groups were ctericil ginst L. monocytogenes, resulting in 1 log reuction from initil cell popultion. Even though OSL showe stronger nticteril ctivity thn OS, lysozyme h no significnt effect on nticteril ctivity of OS ginst L. monocytogenes. Also, EDTA itself t 1.0 n 2.0 mg/ml were cteriosttic ginst 5 strins of L. monocytogenes. They were more susceptile to EDTA thn lysozyme, n OSE1 n OSE2 h ctericil ctivity ginst L. monocytogenes. There ws significnt ifference in the survivor cell popultions etween OS n OSE groups (p < 0.05). Therefore, EDTA enhnce the nticteril ctivity of OS ginst L. monocytogenes. However, ovotrnsferrin plus either lysozyme or/n EDTA i not show ny nticteril effect in commercil hms uring storge t 10 o C. In ition, the initil popultion of L. monocytogenes cells influence the nticteril ctivity of OSL or OSE. Introuction Nturl ntimicroil gents originte from plnt, niml, n cteril sources re expecte to provie gret stisfction to consumers who re sensitive to helth n sfety issues. Ovotrnsferrin, the secon mjor egg white protein, is n iron-ining glycoprotein n trnsports n scvenges Fe (III) in eggs of poultry. Anticteril properties of ovotrnsferrin ginst vriety of microorgnisms hve een reporte. However, the ntimicroil mechnisms of ovotrnsferrin re not fully efine yet. The iron ining cpility of ovotrnsferrin ws initilly elieve to e the mjor ntimicroil ction of ovotrnsferrin. However, recent stuies emonstrte tht irect interctions of ovotrnsferrin with cteril surfce were the mjor cuse of ntimicroil ction of ovotrnsferrin. L. monocytogenes cn proliferte in the presence of curing slt t refrigerte tempertures, n colonize, multiply n persist on processing equipment or plnt sustnces. The strins re sensitive to het tretment n cn e esily inctivte y cooking. However, rey-toet (RTE) met proucts such s frnkfurters, n eli mets hve high incience rtes of listeriosis ue to contmintion uring multiple hnling n processing steps performe fter cooking. Center for Disese Control n Prevention reporte tht 2,500 people suffer from listeriosis nnully in the Unite Sttes n one in five ie from the isese (FSIS). Due to this risk, the U.S. Deprtment of Agriculture currently estlishe zero tolernce policy for L. monocytogenes in RTE met proucts. Therefore, eveloping potent ntimicroils ginst L. monocytogenes for RTE met is necessry. Accoring to previous stuy, po-ovotrnsferrin lone ws not effective in controlling L. monocytogenes in BHI roth. To improve the ntimicroil ctivities of ovotrnsferrin, therefore, comintions of severl ntimicroil gents re necessry. The comintions of mterils with ifferent ntimicroil mechnisms re expecte to increse nticteril effectiveness since simultneous ttck on ifferent trgets is likely to mke the microorgnism more ifficult to overcome the environment. The use of ovotrnsferrin comine with EDTA or/n lysozyme s ntimicroils on the surfce of met or met proucts is ppeling to the met inustry ecuse ll the components re generlly regre s sfe (GRAS). Lysozyme ctlyzes the hyrolysis of (1-4) glycosiic linkges etween N-cetylmurmic ci n N-cetylglucosmine of cell wll peptioglycn. Therefore, the ntimicroil ctivity of lysozyme is scrie primrily to the enzymtic lyses of peptioglycn in the cell wll of microorgnisms. The ppliction of lysozyme in foos hs een limite ecuse grm-negtive cteri tht re protecte y n outer memrne, which is reltively resistnt to ntimicroil ctivities of lysozyme. However, lysozyme gine consierle interest for use in foo systems ecuse it is nturl enzyme prouce y nimls n its ctivity trgets specific cellulr structure of microorgnisms. Ethyleneiminetetrcetic ci (EDTA) hs een use in numer of foo proucts s chelting gent to

3 prevent oxition. Although the mechnism of nticteril effectiveness y EDTA is not fully unerstoo, its chelting property to ivlent ctions like C 2+ or Mg 2+ shoul e involve. EDTA inhiits the growth of microorgnisms y epriving Mg 2+, C 2+, n Fe 2+, which re essentil fctors for microil growth, from microorgnisms. EDTA is reporte to enhnce the ntimicroil ctivity of lctoferrin y estilizing the outer memrne of cteri n incresing the permeility of ivlent ctions. Also, chelting gents fcilitte the etchment of cells from iofilm n enhnce the killing of iofilm-proucing microorgnisms y epriving Mg 2+ ssocite with lipopolyscchries. The ojective of this stuy ws to enhnce the ntimicroil ctivity of ovotrnsferrin solution supplemente with 100 mm-soium icronte ginst cocktil of 5 strins of L. monocytogenes y comining with lysozyme or EDTA. Mny stuies relte to nticteril ctivity of ovotrnsferrin in vitro hve een reporte, ut little work hs een one to pply ovotrnsferrin s n ntimicroil gent in met or met proucts. Therefore, the present stuy pplie OS plus lysozyme or/n EDTA on commercil hms to etermine their effect on the growth of L. monocytogenes in met proucts. Mteril n Methos Apo-ovotrnsferrin (iron-free) use in this stuy ws prepre y the metho of Ko n Ahn. Five ifferent strins of Lister monocytogenes (NADC 2045, H7962, H7969, H7762, n H7596) were use. Prior to nlyzing the nticteril ctivity through viility n turiity tests, isc iffusion metho ws use to etermine the concentrtion of EDTA or lysozyme cple of promoting nticteril cpility of ovotrnsferrin. L. monocytogenes cocktil contining equl mount of ech strin ws ilute in series n then 0.1 ml of cell suspension corresponing to 10 5 or 10 6 CFU/ml ws spre homogenously on the BHI gr mei pltes. The ntimicroil cpcity of ovotrnsferrin solutions comine with EDTA or lysozyme ginst the growth of L. monocytogenes ws nlyze y mesuring the turiity of solution fter incution in BHI roth culture t 35 o C. The nticteril ctivities of ovotrnsferrin plus lysozyme (OSL) n ovotrnsferrin plus EDTA (OSE) were investigte using viility test. Commercil hms were slice, inoculte on the surfce with ctivte L. monocytogenes cocktil stock suspension n vcuum pckge in low oxygenpermele gs. After mnully mixing for 30 secon to istriute the inocul evenly, the pckge smples were rnomly ivie into 7 groups. Lysozyme or/n EDTA were e to ovotrnsferrin solution inclue 100 mm NHCO 3 n 0.15 M NCl. Ech prepre ovotrnsferrin solution (1 ml) ws istriute evenly on the surfce of hm. Vile L. monocytogenes cells on the pork chops were nlyze fter 0, 2, 5, 10, 15, 22, n 29 ys of storge. Results n Discussion Lysozyme t 1.0 n 1.5 mg/ml i not form cler zones, ut 2.0, 2.5 n 3.0 mg/ml lysozyme i. The strength of cler zone forme y lysozyme comine with ovotrnsferrin or OS i not show significnt ifference compre with tht of lysozyme (Tle 1). L. monocytogenes ws susceptile to 2.0 mg/ml lysozyme. The ntimicroil ctivity of lysozyme hs long een elieve to e ue to its cteriolytic ctions, which hyrolyze ß-1.4-glycosiic on in peptioglycn of grm-positive cteri tht o not possess ny outer memrne, ut grm-negtive cteri with outer memrne is reporte to e reltively resistnt to lysozyme. EDTA t 1.5 n 2.0 mg/ml me cler zone, ut no cler zone ws forme t 1.0 mg/ml EDTA. When EDTA ws comine with ovotrnsferrin or OS, the strength of cler zone ecrese (Tle 1). This stuy inicte tht more thn 1.5 mg/ml of EDTA inhiite the growth of L. monocytogenes. However, when EDTA ws comine with ovotrnsferrin or OS, the strength of cler zone ecrese. Bse on the isc test, more thn 2 mg/ml lysozyme or 1 mg/ml of EDTA were chosen in turiity n viility tests, n tests were performe to ientify EDTA n lysozyme effects on nticteril ctivities of ovotrnsferrin. L. monocytogenes entere log phse fter 7 ~ 8 hr of incution t 35 o C in BHI roth culture. They seeme to fce sttionry phse fter 24 hr incution n then eth. Lysozyme t 2 mg/ml elye the growth of L. monocytogenes for 24 hrs, wheres lysozyme 2.5 mg/ml n 3 mg/ml elye it for 30 hrs n 36 hr, respectively. Therefore, L. monocytogenes seeme to hve lg time to pt to new environment when lysozyme ws e (Figure 1). Even though lysozyme lone elye the growth of L. monocytogenes uring initil perio, L. monocytogenes strte to grow fter 24 ~ 36 hr incution t 35 o C. The turiity vlues otine from ll OL or OSL groups were lower thn 0.1 s in OS tretment (Figure 1). Accoring to the turiity test, L. monocytogenes were foun to e controlle y OL or OSL groups even though they were resistnt to lysozyme lone uner the concentrtions use. In the viility test, which mesures the numer of vile L. monocytogenes cells fter 48 hr incution t 35 o C, with 2.0, 2.5 or 3.0 mg/ml lysozyme ws not ifferent from tht of the control (Figure 2). As BHI mei use in this stuy is reltively nutrient-rich mei, injure cells of L. monocytogenes y lysozyme tretment shoul hve een repire esily in the mei. Thus they showe resistnce to 2.0 ~ 3.0 mg/ml lysozyme. Another possile explntion for resistnce of L. monocytogenes to lysozyme my e ttriute to using cocktil of 5 ifferent strins of L. monocytogenes inste of using specific strin. The numer of vile cells otine when using OS slightly increse from 4.6 log CFU/ml, the numer of the initil inocultion, to 4.9 log CFU/ml uring 48 hrs incution t 35 o C. Therefore, OS seeme to e

4 cteriosttic ginst L. monocytogenes. Also the numer of vile L. monocytogenes cells in OL2, OL2.5, n OL3 increse from 4.6 log CFU/ml, the numer of initil inoculte cell, to 5.1, 7.2, n 6.0 log CFU/ ml, respectively (Figure 2). OL groups showe wek nticteril ctivity ginst L. monocytogenes compre with control. However, OSL groups showe stronger ntilisteril ctivity ginst L. monocytogenes thn tht of OL groups. In ition, OSL2, OSL2.5, n OSL3.0 were listericil consiering their chnges from 4.6 log CFU/ml to 3.3, 3.0 or 2.9 log CFU/ml, respectively. Also there ws significnt ifference in nticteril ctivity ginst L. monocytogenes etween OL n OSL uner lysozyme t 2.5 mg/ml n 3.0 mg/ml (Figure 2). Therefore, this stuy emonstrtes tht 100 mm soium icronte enhnce the ntimicroil ctivity of OL ginst L. monocytogenes, while lysozyme t 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 mg/ml i not show cler effect on nticteril ctivity of OS towr L. monocytogenes. L. monocytogenes were susceptile to EDTA s shown in the isc test. As EDTA lone showe lower turiity thn OE or OSE t initil point, it ws impossile to compre the nticteril ctivity of OE or OSE with EDTA itself y turiity nlysis (Figure 3). As lmost ll tretments showe similr turiity vlues of less thn 0.1, it ws ifficult to etermine if EDTA h synergistic effect with ovotrnsferrin using turiity test. However, ccoring to the turiity test, EDTA increse the nticteril ctivity of OS (Figure 3). L. monocytogenes ws foun to e more susceptile to EDTA thn lysozyme uner the concentrtions use in this stuy (Figure 4). EDTA increse the nticteril ctivity of OS ginst L. monocytogenes. However, ntimicroil effects y EDTA itself seeme to e the mjor contriutor to the listericil ctivity of OSE. OS tretment to BHI roth mei inoculte with 10 4 n 10 5 CFU/ml occurre 1 log increse from the initil cell numer uring 35 o C incution for 48 hrs. However, the vile cells in BHI roth culture inoculte with 10 6 cells n trete with OS i not inicte ny increse (Figure 5). BHI roth culture e with OSL2 n inoculte with 10 4, 10 5 or 10 6 CFU/ml of L. monocytogenes resulte in 3.3, 3.7, or 4.5 log CFU/ml of vile cells, respectively, fter 48 hrs incution t 35 o C. BHI roth inoculte with 10 4, 10 5 or 10 6 CFU/ml of L. monocytogenes cells n OSE1 showe 3.1, 4.0, or 4.4 log CFU/ml of vile cells, respectively (Figure 5). These results emonstrte tht OSL2 or OSE1 h listericil ctivity ginst L. monocytogenes n the numer of initil cells existing in the mei ffecte the nticteril ctivity of OSL2 n OSE1. L. monocytogenes with 10 4 initil cells grew slowly in commercil hms to 10 5 CFU/ml uring storge t 10 o C for 29 ys. In contrst to in vitro test, 1OSL, 1OSLE, 2OSL, n 2OSLE i not show ny ntimicroil ctivity ginst L. monocytogenes (Tle 2). Therefore, it ws suggeste tht even though OSL2 n OSE1 showe cler ctericil effect ginst L. monocytogenes in moel systems, they i not hve nticteril ctivities ginst L. monocytogenes in commercil hms uring storge. EDTA plus lysozyme i not show ny ntimicroil ctivity ginst L. monocytogenes in hms in this stuy. Such ifference my e ue prtilly to mei compositions. As foo proucts provie nutrient-rich environment, injure microorgnisms y ntimicroils my recover more esily in foo systems thn those uner cell strvtion or limite mei conitions. Another possile explntion out no nticteril ctivities y OSL n OSE in commercil hms coul e istriution prolem or ilution effect of ovotrnsferrin to the proucts, stte of strins in inocul, or stility of ovotrnsferrin on the surfce of met proucts. Generlly, ntimicroil ctivity of ovotrnsferrin is epenent upon the ose of ovotrnsferrin. In the present stuy, 1 ml of 20~ 30 mg/ml ovotrnsferrin ws istriute on the surfce of hms, n the concentrtion ws likely to e ilute in certin prts of the prouct so tht low nticteril effect ginst L. monocytogenes might e shown in the re. Also, ovotrnsferrin ws spre mnully, n thus it is ifficult to istriute ovotrnsferrin uniformly or homogenously on whole proucts. Also, ovotrnsferrin incorporte coul hve een penetrte or sore insie the prouct so tht it coul not e involve in ntimicroil ctivities. Even though ntimicroils such s cteriocins re effective in inhiiting pthogens incluing L. monocytogenes n other spoilge microorgnisms in moel systems, high popultion of survivors or recovering fetures is often oserve in foo systems. This stuy showe tht there re mny limittions in pplying ovotrnsferrin s ntimicroil gent in foo systems.

5 Tle 1. Effect of ovotrnsferrin comine with NHCO 3 n EDTA or NHCO 3 n lysozyme on cler zone formtion on BHI gr mei pltes inoculte with L. monocytogenes uring 35 o C incution for 24 ~ 48 hrs. Tretment Conc. (mg/ml) Control OTF OTF + NHCO * - -/ /- - Lysozyme / EDTA ** mg/ml ovotrnsferrin 100 mm NHCO 3 ws use t this stuy. * No cler zone forme on BHI gr mei plte. ** Formtion of cler zone: the strength of cler zone ws escrie s + (wek), ++ (mile), n +++ (strong) y its size or clrity on the BHI gr. (n = 3) Tle 2. Vile cells of L. monocytogenes on commercil hms trete with or without ovotrnsferrin in 100 mm NHCO 3 (OS) plus or/n lysozyme (2 mg/ml) n/or EDTA (1 mg/ml) uring 10 o C storge. Tretments Storge perio (ys) Numer of vile cells (log 10 CFU/ml) Control 4.5 ± 0.0 * 4.6 ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.4 1OSL 4.3 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.3 1OSLE 4.4 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.4 2OSL 4.4 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.6 2OSLE t 4.3 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.2 L 4.3 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.5 LE 4.4 ± ± ± ± ± ± ± 0.6 Mens within column with no common superscript iffer (P < 0.05, n = 4). Control: only L. monocytogenes inoculte. * Men ± stnr evition. 1OSL: 20 mg/ml ovotrnsferrin mm NHCO mg/ml lysozyme 1OSLE: 1OSL + 1 mg/ml EDTA, 2OSL: 30 mg/ml ovotrnsferrin mm NHCO mg/ml lysozyme 1OSLE: 2OSL + 1 mg/ml EDTA, L: 2 mg/ml lysozyme LE: 2 mg/ml lysozyme + 1 mg/ml EDTA

6 Figure 1. Turiity of BHI roth cultures inoculte L. monocytogenes n ovotrnsferrin (20 mg/ml) comine with NHCO 3 or/n EDTA uring 35 o C incution. Figure 3. Turiity of BHI roth cultures inoculte L. monocytogenes n ovotrnsferrin (20 mg/ml) comine with NHCO 3 or/n EDTA uring 35 o C incution. Turiity (t 620nm) Time (hrs) Control L2 L2.5 L3 OS OL2 OL2.5 OL3 OSL2 OSL3 OSL2.5 Opticl ensity t 620nm Time (hrs) E1 E1.5 E2 OE1 OE1.5 OE2 OSE1 OSE1.5 OSE2 OS C: control, 10 4 CFU/ml of L. monocytogenes; L2: 2 mg/ml Lysozyme; L2.5: 2.5 mg/ml Lysozyme; L3: 3.0 mg/ml Lysozyme; OS: 20 mg/ml ovotrnsferrin mm-nhco 3 ; OL2: 20 mg/ml ovotrnsferrin + L2; OL2.5: 20 mg/ml ovotrnsferrin + L 2.5; OL3: 20 mg/ml ovotrnsferrin + L 3.0; OSL2: OS + 2 mg/ml lysozyme; OSL2.5: OS mg/ml lysozyme; OSL3: OS+ 3.0 mg/ml lysozyme C: control, only 10 4 CFU/ml of L. monocytogenes E1: 1 mg/ml EDTA; E1.5: 1.5 mg/ml EDTA; E2: 2.0 mg/ml EDTA; OS: 20 mg/ml ovotrnsferrin mm NHCO 3 ; OE1: 20 mg/ml ovotrnsferrin + E1; OE1.5: 20 mg/ml ovotrnsferrin + E2; OE2: 20 mg/ml ovotrnsferrin + E3; OSE1: OS + E1; OSE1.5: OS + E1.5; OSE2: OS+ E2 Figure 2. Anticteril ctivity of ovotrnsferrin (20 mg/ml) comine with 100 mm NHCO 3 n/or lysozyme ginst the growth of L. monocytogenes on BHI roth culture uring 35 o C incution for 24 ~ 36 hr. Log 10 CFU / ml c 1 C L2 L2.5 L3 OL2 OL2.5 OL3 OS OSL2 OSL2.5 OSL3 c c - Brs with ifferent letters inicte significntly ifferent vlues (P < n=4). C: control, only 10 4 CFU of L. monocytogenes; L2: 2 mg/ml Lysozyme; L2.5: 2.5 mg/ml Lysozyme; L3: 3.0 mg/ml Lysozyme; OL2: 20mg/ml ovotrnsferrin + L2; OL2.5: 20mg/ml ovotrnsferrin + L2.5; OL3: 20mg/ml ovotrnsferrin + L 3.0; OS: 20 mg/ml ovotrnsferrin mm-nhco 3 ; OSL2: OS + 2 mg/ml lysozyme; OSL2.5: OS mg/ml lysozyme; OSL3: OS+ 3.0 mg/ml lysozyme.

7 Figure 4. Anticteril ctivity of ovotrnsferrin (20 mg/ml) comine with 100 mm NHCO 3 n/or EDTA (1 mg/ml) ginst the growth of L. monocytogenes in BHI roth culture uring 35 o C incution for 48 hr. Log 10 CFU / ml c c 1 C E1 E2 OS OSE1 OSE2 - Brs with ifferent letters inicte significntly ifferent vlues (P < n=4). C: control, only 10 4 cells of L. monocytogenes E1: 1 mg/ml EDTA E2: 2.0 mg/ml EDTA OS: 20 mg/ml ovotrnsferrin mm NHCO 3 OSE1: OS + E1 OSE2: OS + E2 Figure 5. Effect of initil cell popultion on the nticteril ctivity of ovotrnsferrin (20 mg/ml) solution comine with 100 mm NHCO 3 n EDTA (2 mg/ml) or lysozyme (1 mg/ml) ginst L. monocytogenes in BHI roth culture uring 35 o C incution for 48 hr. Log 10 CFU / ml e e ce c OS (A) OSL2 (A) OSE1 1 (A) OS (B) OSL2 (B) OSE1 (B) OS (C) OSL2 (C) OSE1 (C) - Brs with ifferent letters inicte significntly ifferent vlues (P < n=4). A: 10 4 CFU/ ml BHI roth B: 10 5 CFU/ ml BHI roth C: 10 6 CFU/ ml BHI roth OS: 20 mg/ml ovotrnsferrin mm NHCO 3 OSL2: OS + 2 mg/ml lysozyme OSE1: OS + 2 mg/ml lysozyme + 1 mg/ml of EDTA c

Evaluation of Yogurt with Enhanced Cysteine Content

Evaluation of Yogurt with Enhanced Cysteine Content Diry Foods Evlution of Yogurt with Enhnced Cysteine Content S. Bl nd K. A. Schmidt Summry Amino cids re the uilding locks of protein nd ssist with metolism in the ody. In the humn ody, the mino cid cysteine

More information

Towards Grower-friendly Apple Crop Thinning by Tree Shading

Towards Grower-friendly Apple Crop Thinning by Tree Shading 314 Towrs Grower-frienly Apple Crop Thinning y Tree A. Wimer 1, K. Kockerols 1, S. Schwn 1, W. Stler 1 n L. Bertschinger 1 Astrct Light mngement with shing nets, which reuce sunlight y 74%, might e n lterntive

More information

Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry ISSN Available online at

Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry ISSN Available online at As. J. Food Ag-Ind. 2010, 3(04), 368-372 Asin Journl of Food nd Agro-Industry ISSN 1906-3040 Aville online t www.jofi.info Reserch Article Effect of drying nd frying time on texturl nd sensory chrcteristics

More information

Postharvest Application of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Extends Shelf Life of Kiwifruit

Postharvest Application of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Extends Shelf Life of Kiwifruit Posthrvest Appliction of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) Extends Shelf Life of Kiwifruit C.M. Cntin 1, D. Holcroft 2 nd C.H. Crisosto 1 1 University of Cliforni, Dvis, Deprtment of Plnt Sciences, Dvis, CA

More information

The Effect of Oat Bran Fiber on Texture, Moisture and Palatability of Pumpkin Muffins

The Effect of Oat Bran Fiber on Texture, Moisture and Palatability of Pumpkin Muffins The Effect of Ot Brn Fiber on Texture, Moisture nd Pltbility of Pumpkin Muffins M. Montrsi & K. Reidenbch 11/19/2012 NUTR 453 Finl Report Abstrct: Reserch hd shown n lrmingly low fiber intke of United

More information

Influence of Gibberellic Acid (GA 3 ) on Fruit Quality of Sweet Cherries John Cline

Influence of Gibberellic Acid (GA 3 ) on Fruit Quality of Sweet Cherries John Cline Influence of Gibberellic Acid (GA 3 ) on Fruit Qulity of Sweet Cherries John Cline University of Guelph, Simcoe & Vinelnd Cmpuses Tel: 519-426-7127 Ext 331 Jcline@uoguelph.c 1 Presenttion Outline Introduction

More information

Effect of AVG Application on Fruit Set, Yield and Fruit Size in Abate Fetel and Packam s Triumph Pears in a Semi-Commercial Statistical Trial

Effect of AVG Application on Fruit Set, Yield and Fruit Size in Abate Fetel and Packam s Triumph Pears in a Semi-Commercial Statistical Trial Effect of AVG Appliction on Fruit Set, Yield nd Fruit Size in Ate Fetel nd Pckm s Triumph Pers in Semi-Commercil Sttisticl Tril E. Sánchez nd M. Curetti Instituto Ncionl de Tecnologí Agropecuri Estción

More information

Rapid Reduction in Aroma Volatiles of Pacific Rose Apples in Controlled Atmospheres

Rapid Reduction in Aroma Volatiles of Pacific Rose Apples in Controlled Atmospheres Rpid Reduction in Arom Voltiles of Pcific Rose Apples in Controlled Atmospheres H.J. Tough nd E.W. Hewett Centre for Posthrvest nd Refrigertion Reserch Institute of Nturl Resources, Mssey University Plmerston

More information

The Impact of Supplementation of Green Tea Powder in Yellow Cupcakes. Teryn Sapper & Christian Ordaz November 22, 2010 F&N 453

The Impact of Supplementation of Green Tea Powder in Yellow Cupcakes. Teryn Sapper & Christian Ordaz November 22, 2010 F&N 453 The Impct of Supplementtion of Green Te Powder in Yellow Cupckes Teryn Spper & Christin Ordz Novemer 22, 2010 F&N 453 Astrct: Green te is known to hve mny helth enefits to the humn ody. Cumultive studies

More information

2011 ORGANIC SOYBEAN VARIETY TRIAL MATERIALS AND METHODS

2011 ORGANIC SOYBEAN VARIETY TRIAL MATERIALS AND METHODS 2011 ORGANIC SOYBEAN VARIETY TRIAL In 2011, the University of Vermont Extension conducted soyben vriety tril in Alburgh, VT. The purpose of this tril ws to provide yield comprisons of food- nd feed-grde

More information

Life Science Journal 2015;12(2)

Life Science Journal 2015;12(2) Comintions of nisin n γ irrition to improve miroiologil qulity of mine hiken uring refrigerte storge Dli A. Zhrn Helth Rition Reserh Dept., Ntionl Centre for Rition Reserh n Tehnology (NCRRT), Egyptin

More information

CARRILLO W*, TUBÓN J, VILCACUNDO R

CARRILLO W*, TUBÓN J, VILCACUNDO R Vol 9, Issue 3, 2016 Online - 2455-3891 Print - 0974-2441 Reserch Article ISOLATION OF HEN EGG WHITE LYSOZYME BY CATION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY, ANALYSIS OF ITS DIGESTIBILITY AND EVALUATION OF THE INHIBITION

More information

Microbiological Characteristics of White Cheese (Gibna bayda) Manufactured under Traditional Conditions

Microbiological Characteristics of White Cheese (Gibna bayda) Manufactured under Traditional Conditions Journl of Advnces in Microiology 2(3): 1-7, 2017; Article no.jamb.33152 SCIENCEDOMAIN interntionl www.sciencedomin.org Microiologicl Chrcteristics of White Cheese (Gin yd) Mnufctured under Trditionl Conditions

More information

Ensiling characteristics and aerobic stability of temperate grasses containing different concentrations of water soluble carbohydrates

Ensiling characteristics and aerobic stability of temperate grasses containing different concentrations of water soluble carbohydrates REPORT TO THE STAPLEDON MEMORIAL TRUST Ensiling chrcteristics nd eroic stility of temperte grsses contining different concentrtions of wter solule crohydrtes Aner A. Rodríguez-Crís Deprtment of Animl Science,

More information

Semi-commercial evaluation of SmartFresh with South African export avocados in static containers at the Westfalia packhouse during 2002

Semi-commercial evaluation of SmartFresh with South African export avocados in static containers at the Westfalia packhouse during 2002 South Africn Avocdo Growers' Assocition Yerbook. 2003. 26:55-64 Semi-commercil evlution of SmrtFresh with South Africn export vocdos in sttic continers t the Westfli pckhouse during 2002 D Lemmer #, J

More information

The Relationship Between Palm Oil Index Development and Mechanical Properties in the Ripening Process of Tenera Variety Fresh Fruit Bunches

The Relationship Between Palm Oil Index Development and Mechanical Properties in the Ripening Process of Tenera Variety Fresh Fruit Bunches Reserch Journl of Applied Sciences, Engineering nd Technology 3(3): 218-226, 211 ISSN: 24-7467 Mxwell Scientific Orgniztion, 211 Received: Jnury 31, 211 Accepted: Ferury 23, 211 Pulished: Mrch 3, 211 The

More information

PACKAGING ATMOSPHERES ALTER BEEF TENDERNESS, FRESH COLOR STABILITY, AND INTERNAL COOKED COLOR 1

PACKAGING ATMOSPHERES ALTER BEEF TENDERNESS, FRESH COLOR STABILITY, AND INTERNAL COOKED COLOR 1 Beef Cttle Reserh 2008 PACKAGING ATMOSPHERES ALTER BEEF TENDERNESS, FRESH COLOR STABILITY, AND INTERNAL COOKED COLOR 1 J. P. Groel, M. E. Dikemn, M. C. Hunt, nd G. A. Milliken 2 Introdution Severl met

More information

Effects of guar gum and arabic gum on the physicochemical, sensory and flow behaviour characteristics of frozen yoghurt

Effects of guar gum and arabic gum on the physicochemical, sensory and flow behaviour characteristics of frozen yoghurt doi: 1.1111/j.1471-37.211.75.x ORIGINAL RESEARCH Effects of gur gum nd ric gum on the physicochemicl, sensory nd flow ehviour chrcteristics of frozen yoghurt RAHIL REZAEI, MORTEZA KHOMEIRI,* MAHDI KASHANINEJAD

More information

Effects of Plant Density and Number of Shoots on Yield and Fruit Characteristics of Peppers Grown in Glasshouses

Effects of Plant Density and Number of Shoots on Yield and Fruit Characteristics of Peppers Grown in Glasshouses Turk J Agric For 27 (3) 29-35 TÜB TAK Effects of Plnt Density n Numer of Shoots on Yiel n Fruit Chrcteristics of Peppers Grown in Glsshouses H. Y l z DAfiGAN*, Kz m ABAK Deprtment of Horticulturl Science,

More information

Central NC Organic Bell and Hot Pepper Variety Trial, Summer 2014

Central NC Organic Bell and Hot Pepper Variety Trial, Summer 2014 Ojective Centrl NC Orgnic Bell nd Hot Pepper Vriety Tril, Summer 2014 North Crolin A&T Stte University John Beck, Aron Moore, nd Dr. Snjun Gu NC A&T Frm, Greensoro, NC To evlute the performnce of some

More information

Research Article Guar Gum as an Edible Coating for Enhancing Shelf-Life and Improving Postharvest Quality of Roma Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.

Research Article Guar Gum as an Edible Coating for Enhancing Shelf-Life and Improving Postharvest Quality of Roma Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. Hindwi Journl of Food Qulity Volume 217, Article ID 86834, 9 pges https://doi.org/.11/217/86834 Reserch Article Gur Gum s n Edile Coting for Enhncing Shelf-Life nd Improving Posthrvest Qulity of Rom Tomto

More information

Original article The effect of calcium chloride and calcium lactate pretreatment concentration on peach cell integrity after high-pressure processing

Original article The effect of calcium chloride and calcium lactate pretreatment concentration on peach cell integrity after high-pressure processing Interntionl Journl of Food Science nd Technology 2017, 52, 635 643 635 Originl rticle The effect of clcium chloride nd clcium lctte pretretment concentrtion on pech cell integrity fter high-pressure processing

More information

Control of black dot in potatoes

Control of black dot in potatoes Control of lck dot in pottoes Dr. Trevor Wicks SA Reserch & Development Institute Project Numer: PT11 PT11 This report is pulished y Horticulture Austrli Ltd to pss on informtion concerning horticulturl

More information

Comparison of alternative postharvest quarantine treatments for sweet cherries

Comparison of alternative postharvest quarantine treatments for sweet cherries Posthrvest Biology nd Technology 20 (2000) 107 114 www.elsevier.com/locte/posthrvio Comprison of lterntive posthrvest qurntine tretments for sweet cherries Lis G. Neven, *, Stephen R. Drke Ykim Agriculturl

More information

Influence of some safety post-harvest treatments on fruit quality and storability of Guava fruits

Influence of some safety post-harvest treatments on fruit quality and storability of Guava fruits Current Science Interntionl Volume : 06 Issue : 03 July-Sept. 2017 Pges: 491-500 Influence of some sfety post-hrvest tretments on fruit qulity nd storility of Guv fruits 1 Ftm K. M. Shn nd 2 Ahmed M. S.

More information

The Effect of Quinoa on the Taste and Texture of Chocolate Chip Cookies. Hannah Doren Tarryn Hake Mitch Simmonds NUTR 453.

The Effect of Quinoa on the Taste and Texture of Chocolate Chip Cookies. Hannah Doren Tarryn Hake Mitch Simmonds NUTR 453. The Effect of Quino on the Tste nd Texture of Chocolte Chip Cookies Hnnh Doren Trryn Hke Mitch Simmonds NUTR 453 November 19, 2012 Title: The Effect of Quino on the Tste nd Texture of Chocolte Chip Cookies

More information

Production of Two Types of Pocket-Forming Flat Bread by the Sponge and Dough Method

Production of Two Types of Pocket-Forming Flat Bread by the Sponge and Dough Method Production of Two Types of Pocket-Forming Flt Bred y the Sponge nd Dough Method A. Amr 1,2 nd R. Ajo 1 ABSTRACT Cerel Chem. 82(5):499 503 Two types of flt red (thin nd thick) were produced from strightgrde

More information

ScienceDirect. Development of a method for manufacturing noodles from finger millet

ScienceDirect. Development of a method for manufacturing noodles from finger millet Avilble online t www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedi Food Science 6 (2016 ) 293 297 Interntionl Conference of Sbrgmuw University of Sri Lnk 2015 (ICSUSL 2015) Development of method for mnufcturing

More information

Optimized wine quality potential through fruit-zone management practices in red varieties

Optimized wine quality potential through fruit-zone management practices in red varieties Finl Progress Report Virgini Wine Bord, 20 July 2016 Optimized wine qulity potentil through fruit-zone mngement prctices in red vrieties Principl Investigtor: Tony K. Wolf AHS Jr. AREC 595 Lurel Grove

More information

The effects of UV-C treatment on the quality of orange, carrot and celery juice blend

The effects of UV-C treatment on the quality of orange, carrot and celery juice blend Review Article http://www.lliedcdemies.org/journl-food-science-nutrition/ The effects of UV-C tretment on the qulity of ornge, crrot nd celery juice blend Nik Nornis, Chndrn Somsundrm*, Zulin Rzli Biotechnology

More information

Colonization of chasmothecia of grapevine powdery mildew by Ampelomyces quisqualis

Colonization of chasmothecia of grapevine powdery mildew by Ampelomyces quisqualis Biocontrol of powdery mildew Coloniztion of chsmotheci of grpevine powdery mildew y Ampelomyces quisqulis Drio Angeli, Frnc Vlentini, Chir Msiero, Oscr Giovnnini, Ilri Pertot Fondzione Edmund Mch, S.Michele

More information

Application of Toasted Oak and Micro-oxygenation to Ageing of Cabernet Sauvignon Wines

Application of Toasted Oak and Micro-oxygenation to Ageing of Cabernet Sauvignon Wines Appliction of Tosted Ok nd Micro-oxygention to Ageing of Cernet Suvignon Wines Dr. Jeff McCord StVin Inc., Cliforni, USA Introduction For mny yers, tosted ok in the form of rrels hs een used for wine storge

More information

CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION REACTIONS OF STAPHYLOCOCCI*

CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION REACTIONS OF STAPHYLOCOCCI* CARBOHYDRATE FERMENTATION REACTIONS OF STAPHYLOCOCCI* GEORGE H. CHAPMAN AND MERRITT H. STILES Clinicl Reserch Lbortory, New York, N. Y. A survey of the literture indictes tht wide vritions in technic nd

More information

Timing of partial defoliation affects carbohydrate

Timing of partial defoliation affects carbohydrate SHORT COMMUNICATION Timing of prtil defolition ffects crohydrte concentrtion of vegettive tissues nd concentrtion of phenolics in erries of potted De Chunc (Vitis sp.) grpevines Justine E. Vnden Heuvel

More information

DEVELOPMENT OF FRUIT DISEASES OF MICROBIAL ORIGIN DURING STORAGE AT TREATMENT WITH ANTIOXIDANT COMPOSITIONS

DEVELOPMENT OF FRUIT DISEASES OF MICROBIAL ORIGIN DURING STORAGE AT TREATMENT WITH ANTIOXIDANT COMPOSITIONS Technology nd equipment of food production UDC 664.8.037.1 DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2017.103858 Встановлено, що досліджувані антиоксидантні композиції пригнічували розвиток епіфітних мікроорганізмів на

More information

Abstract. 1. Introduction. Journal of Nutrition & Pharmacy Research

Abstract. 1. Introduction. Journal of Nutrition & Pharmacy Research Tomto Fruits (Solncee Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Feedck Mechnism in The Presence of Exogenous Ethylene under Prolonged Chilling Temperture Storge M. Mkky,, *, K. A. Pschlidis, P. Soni, A. Mngnris,

More information

Archives 2016 vol *

Archives 2016 vol * August 30, 2016 Archives 2016 vol.1 1-9 EVALUATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND CONTENT OF POLYPHENOLS OBTAINED FROM TEA (Cmelli Sinensis) OF FOUR BRANDS SOLD IN COLOMBIA BY EXTRACTION AT ROOM TEMPERATURE

More information

CENTRAL VALLEY POSTHARVEST NEWSLETTER

CENTRAL VALLEY POSTHARVEST NEWSLETTER CENTRAL VALLEY POSTHARVEST NEWSLETTER COOPERATIVE EXTENSION UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Kerney Agriculturl Center 9240 S. Riverbend Avenue, Prlier, CA 93648 USA (559) 646-6500 April 2005 Vol. 14, No. 1 Crlos

More information

Postharvest quality and chilling injury of plums: benefits of 1-methylcyclopropene

Postharvest quality and chilling injury of plums: benefits of 1-methylcyclopropene Instituto Ncionl de Investigción y Tecnologí Agrri y Alimentri (INIA) Spnish Journl of Agriculturl Reserch 9(), 554-564 Aville online t www.ini.es/sjr ISSN: 695-97-X eissn: 7-99 Posthrvest qulity nd chilling

More information

EVALUATION OF SEED AND IN-FURROW AT-PLANTING APPLIED INSECTICIDES ON SORGHUM

EVALUATION OF SEED AND IN-FURROW AT-PLANTING APPLIED INSECTICIDES ON SORGHUM EVALUATION OF SEED AND IN-FURROW AT-PLANTING APPLIED INSECTICIDES ON SORGHUM Texs Agriculturl Experiment Sttion, Corpus Christi, TX, nd Michel nd Wlter Kuck Frm, Lvc County, 1999 Roy D. Prker, Emil D.

More information

PREPARATION AND HANDLING FRESH-CUT ROOT VEGETABLES. MERETE EDELENBOS DEPT. OF FOOD SCIENCE AARHUS UNIVERSITY DENMARK

PREPARATION AND HANDLING FRESH-CUT ROOT VEGETABLES. MERETE EDELENBOS DEPT. OF FOOD SCIENCE AARHUS UNIVERSITY DENMARK PREPARATION AND HANDLING FRESH-CUT ROOT VEGETABLES MERETE EDELENBOS DEPT. OF FOOD SCIENCE AARHUS UNIVERSITY DENMARK merete.edelenos@food.u.dk Preprtion nd hndling fresh-cut root vegetles Production Hndling

More information

EFFECT OF BORON AND ARSENIC ON JUICE ACIDITY

EFFECT OF BORON AND ARSENIC ON JUICE ACIDITY SMITH: BORON & ARSENIC ON GRAPEFRUIT 95 Fig. 2. Vlenci ornge leves from declining tree showing type of mteril used for electron microscopic study Ar rows point to typicl res long midveins tht were excised,

More information

THE EFFECTS OF POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS OF SALICYLIC ACID AND POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE ON THE STORAGE OF KIWIFRUIT

THE EFFECTS OF POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS OF SALICYLIC ACID AND POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE ON THE STORAGE OF KIWIFRUIT 76 Bulgrin Journl of Agriculturl Science, 6 (No ), 76-8 Agriculturl Acdemy THE EFFECTS OF POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS OF SALICYLIC ACID AND POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE ON THE STORAGE OF KIWIFRUIT E. BAL * nd S.

More information

Biological Control of Alternaria Fruit Rot of Chili by Trichoderma Species under Field Conditions

Biological Control of Alternaria Fruit Rot of Chili by Trichoderma Species under Field Conditions Mycobiology 38(2) : 113-117 (2010) The Koren Society of Mycology DOI:10.4489/MYCO.2010.38.2.113 Biologicl Control of Alternri Fruit Rot of Chili by Trichoderm Species under Field Conditions Most. Ferdousi

More information

The effect of seed treatments on the yield and yield components of various levels of sprouted wheat

The effect of seed treatments on the yield and yield components of various levels of sprouted wheat Brnrd nd Booyse (2018). Seed Science nd Technology, 46, 1, 53-63. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2018.46.1.05 The effect of seed tretments on the yield nd yield components of vrious levels of sprouted whet

More information

Food and Agricultural Import Regulations and Standards - Certification

Food and Agricultural Import Regulations and Standards - Certification THIS REPORT CONTAINS ASSESSMENTS OF COMMODITY AND TRADE ISSUES MADE BY USDA STAFF AND NOT NECESSARILY STATEMENTS OF OFFICIAL U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY Required Report - public distribution Dte: GAIN Report

More information

Study on Varieties Combination Suitable for Mutual Pollination of Yan Mountain Chestnut *

Study on Varieties Combination Suitable for Mutual Pollination of Yan Mountain Chestnut * Nturl Resoures, 212, 3, 66-7 http://x.oi.org/1.4236/nr.212.321 Pulishe Online June 212 (http://www.sirp.org/journl/nr) Stuy on Vrieties Comintion Suitle for Mutul Pollintion of Yn Mountin Chestnut * Qin

More information

Virus Inactivation by Grapes and Wines

Virus Inactivation by Grapes and Wines APPLIZD AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Dec. 1976, p. 757-763 Vol. 32, No. 6 Copyright C) 1976 Americn Society for Microiology Printed in U.S.A. Virus Inctivtion y Grpes nd Wines JACK KONOWALCHUK* AND

More information

Spray to Flowering Mango Trees on Fruit Retention, Fruit Size, Tree Yield, and Fruit Quality.

Spray to Flowering Mango Trees on Fruit Retention, Fruit Size, Tree Yield, and Fruit Quality. Effect of KN 3 Spry to Flowering Mngo Trees on Fruit Retention, Fruit Size, Tree Yield, nd Fruit Qulity. Steven. Oosthuyse Merenslry Tuhno!ogim! 5 ervicej, P.. ox 14, Duive!sk!oof 835, South fric In South

More information

Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology

Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology Mejo Int. J. Sci. Technol. 2011, 5(03), 365-373 Communiction Mejo Interntionl Journl of Science nd Technology ISSN 1905-7873 Aville online t www.mijst.mju.c.th Sunlight-stimulted phenyllnine mmoni-lyse

More information

2006 BELL PEPPER VARIETY EVALUATION TRIALS

2006 BELL PEPPER VARIETY EVALUATION TRIALS 26 BELL PEPPER VARIETY EVALUATION TRIALS In Sn Joquin County University of Cliforni Coopertive Extension 42 South Wilson Wy Stockton, CA 9525 1 26 BELL PEPPER VARIETY EVALUATION TRIAL In Sn Joquin County

More information

Research Article Chemometrics of Wheat Composites with Hemp, Teff, and Chia Flour: Comparison of Rheological Features

Research Article Chemometrics of Wheat Composites with Hemp, Teff, and Chia Flour: Comparison of Rheological Features Interntionl Journl of Food Science Volume 2013, Article ID 968020, 6 pges http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/968020 Reserch Article Chemometrics of Whet Composites with Hemp, Teff, nd Chi Flour: Comprison

More information

Research Note Effect of Volume and Toast Level of French Oak Barrels (Quercus petraea L.) on Cabernet Sauvignon Wine Characteristics

Research Note Effect of Volume and Toast Level of French Oak Barrels (Quercus petraea L.) on Cabernet Sauvignon Wine Characteristics Reserch Note Effect of Volume nd Tost Level of French Ok Brrels (Quercus petre L.) on Cernet Suvignon Wine Chrcteristics Pedro Rodríguez-Rodríguez 1 nd Encrn Gómez-Plz 1 * Astrct: The effects of tost level

More information

Control of electrostatic interactions between F-actin and genetically modified lysozyme in aqueous media

Control of electrostatic interactions between F-actin and genetically modified lysozyme in aqueous media Control of electrosttic interctions etween F-ctin nd geneticlly modified lysozyme in queous medi Lori K. Snders*, Wujing Xin*, Cmilo Guáquet*, Michel J. Strohmn*, Chuck R. Vrsich*, Erik Luijten*, nd Gerrd

More information

Volume : 07 Issue :01 Jan.-Mar Pages:

Volume : 07 Issue :01 Jan.-Mar Pages: Middle Est Journl of Applied Sciences Volume : 07 Issue :01 Jn.-Mr. 2017 Pges: 162-167 Studies on the Impct of Successive Sprys with ertin Insecticides on Whitefly nd Aphids Infesting Roselle Plnts nd

More information

The Effect of Acetic and Lactic Acid on the Oil Uptake, Texture and Color of Rice (Sang Tarom) During Cooking

The Effect of Acetic and Lactic Acid on the Oil Uptake, Texture and Color of Rice (Sang Tarom) During Cooking World Applied Sciences Journl 4 (2): 183-187, 2008 ISSN 1818-4952 IDOSI Publictions, 2008 The Effect of Acetic nd Lctic Acid on the Oil Uptke, Texture nd Color of Rice (Sng Trom) During Cooking 1 1 2 E.

More information

Effects of chemical treatments on dormancy breaking and some sprouting characteristics of two potato cultivars in different tuber sizes

Effects of chemical treatments on dormancy breaking and some sprouting characteristics of two potato cultivars in different tuber sizes Avilble online t www.pelgireserchlibrry.com Europen Journl of Experimentl Biology, 2014, 4(4):98-102 ISSN: 2248 9215 CODEN (USA): EJEBAU Effects of chemicl tretments on dormncy breking nd some sprouting

More information

Assessment of Metal Chelating, Bioautography and Spot Screening by TLC of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis)

Assessment of Metal Chelating, Bioautography and Spot Screening by TLC of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) Int.J.urr.Microbiol.pp.Sci (2017) 6(10): 302-313 Interntionl Journl of urrent Microbiology nd pplied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 10 (2017) pp. 302-313 Journl homepge: http://www.ijcms.com

More information

RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS TO DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMICAL TRAITS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS TO DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMICAL TRAITS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS Pkistn J. Agric. Res. Vol. 9 No1, 016 RESPONSE OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS TO DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL AND AGRONOMICAL TRAITS UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS Doult Big*, Fid Mohmmd Asi*, Hi Ahmed*,

More information

Acknowledgements. Recent Research: Vine Balance and Fruit Thinning. Brief Outline. Take Aways. How many of you have read? Vine Balance.

Acknowledgements. Recent Research: Vine Balance and Fruit Thinning. Brief Outline. Take Aways. How many of you have read? Vine Balance. Recent Reserch: Vine Blnce nd Fruit Thinning Sustinble Ag Expo Monterey County Jim Wolpert Extension Viticulturist Deprtment of Viticulture nd Enology UC Dvis Acknowledgements Funding Americn Vineyrd Foundtion

More information

Review of Arabica Coffee Management Research in Ethiopia

Review of Arabica Coffee Management Research in Ethiopia Review of Aric Coffee Mngement Reserch in Ethiopi Anteneh Netsere 1, Tye Kuf 1 Tesfye Shimer 2 1, Jimm Agriculturl Reserch Center, P.. Box 192, Jimm, Ethopi 2, Ethopin Institute of Agriculturl Reserch,

More information

Factors Associated with Dough Stickiness as Sensed by Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy

Factors Associated with Dough Stickiness as Sensed by Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopy Fctors Associted with Dough Stickiness s Sensed by Attenuted Totl Reflectnce Infrred Spectroscopy Ewoud J. J. vn Velzen, 1,2 John P. M. vn Duynhoven, 1 Pul Pudney, 3 Peter L. Weegels, 1 nd John H. vn der

More information

2014 Sunflower Planting Date Trial

2014 Sunflower Planting Date Trial 214 Sunflower Plnting Dte Tril Dr. Hether Drby, UVM Extension Agronomist Sr Ziegler, Eric Cummings, Susn Monhn, nd Julin Post UVM Extension Crops nd Soils Technicins (82) 524-651 Visit us on the web t

More information

Crackers Made of Green Mussel Shells Substitution as High Calcium Snacks

Crackers Made of Green Mussel Shells Substitution as High Calcium Snacks Advnces in Economics, Business nd Mngement Reserch, volume 28 1st Interntionl Conference on Tourism Gstronomy nd Tourist Destintion (ICTGTD 2016) Crckers Mde of Green Mussel Shells Sustitution s High Clcium

More information

Quick Reference Guide FB 7600

Quick Reference Guide FB 7600 Quick Reference Guide FB 7600 Reference Crd Error Types Disply Possile cuse Possile ction messge Brnch pipe error elevtor error locking the movement of the rnch pipe. Grese or dirt locking the movement

More information

IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Cover Sheet

IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Cover Sheet 013094.pdf IR4 Ornmentl Horticulture Progrm Reserch Report over Sheet Resercher(s) Gry hstgner Tril: 013WA Affilition: Wshington Stte University Pullyup WA PhoneNumer: (53) 445458 Emil: chstg@wsu.edu ProjectTitle:

More information

Kucuker and Ozturk Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2015) 12(2):

Kucuker and Ozturk Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. (2015) 12(2): Kucuker nd Ozturk Afr J Trdit Complement Altern Med. (2015) 12(2):114-119 http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jtcm.v12i2.17 THE EFFECTS OF AMINOETHOXYVINYLGLYCINE AND METHYL JASMONATE ON BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND

More information

Food Research International

Food Research International Food Reserch Interntionl 43 (2010) 2284 2288 Contents lists vilble t ScienceDirect Food Reserch Interntionl journl homepge: www.elsevier.com/locte/foodres Effect of honey powder on dough rheology nd bred

More information

Postharvest Disease Control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Penicillium expansum on Stored Apples by Gamma Irradiation Combined with Fumigation

Postharvest Disease Control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Penicillium expansum on Stored Apples by Gamma Irradiation Combined with Fumigation Plnt Pthol. J. 3(5) : 46-468 (6) http://x.oi.org/.543/ppj.oa.3.6.6 pissn 598-54 eissn 93-98 Reserh Artile Open Aess The Plnt Pthology Journl The Koren Soiety of Plnt Pthology Posthrvest Disese of Colletotrihum

More information

Fruit ripeness and temperature affect friction coefficient of McLemore and Gala apples

Fruit ripeness and temperature affect friction coefficient of McLemore and Gala apples Int. Agrophysis, 21, 15, 19-114 INTERNATIONAL Agrophysis www.ipn.lulin.pl/int-grophysis Fruit ripeness nd temperture ffet frition oeffiient of MLemore nd Gl pples C. Puhlski 1 *, G.H. Brusewitz 2 1 Agriulturl

More information

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROPAGULE TYPES, GROWING MEDIA AND ROOTING HORMONES ON INITIAL SPROUTING OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROPAGULE TYPES, GROWING MEDIA AND ROOTING HORMONES ON INITIAL SPROUTING OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. Cey. J. Sci. (Bio. Sci.) Vol. 30,2002,165-178 165 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROPAGULE TYPES, GROWING MEDIA AND ROOTING HORMONES ON INITIAL SPROUTING OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT CYPERUS ROTUNDUS L. K.K.S.K. De Alwis,

More information

Preview. Chapter 3. Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model

Preview. Chapter 3. Labor Productivity and Comparative Advantage: The Ricardian Model hpter 3 Lbor roductivity nd omprtive Advntge: The Ricrdin Model review Opportunity costs nd comprtive dvntge roduction possibilities Reltive supply, reltive demnd & reltive prices Trde possibilities nd

More information

Modelling of Apple Fruit Growth by Application of Image Analysis

Modelling of Apple Fruit Growth by Application of Image Analysis ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER 59 Modelling of Apple Fruit Growth y Appliction of Imge Anlysis Denis STAJNKO 1 Zltko ÈMELIK SUMMARY The possiility of RGB imge processing nd nlysis for modelling of the development

More information

Research Article Oenological and Quality Characteristic on Young White Wines (Sauvignon Blanc): Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing

Research Article Oenological and Quality Characteristic on Young White Wines (Sauvignon Blanc): Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing Hindwi Journl of Food Qulity Volume 2017, rticle ID 8524073, 12 pges https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8524073 Reserch rticle Oenologicl nd Qulity Chrcteristic on Young White Wines (Suvignon Blnc): Effects

More information

OF THE CITRUS RUST MITE

OF THE CITRUS RUST MITE esults of this experiment re in generl greement with the results of our previous experiment (7) tht were otined under the sme grove conditions with different smple loctions. However, different grove nd

More information

Characterization of Fruitbody Morphology on Various Environmental Conditions in Pleurotus ostreatus

Characterization of Fruitbody Morphology on Various Environmental Conditions in Pleurotus ostreatus Mycobiology 31(3): 145-150 (2003) Copyright 2003 by The Koren Society of Mycology Chrcteriztion of Fruitbody Morphology on Vrious Environmentl Conditions in Pleurotus ostretus Kb-Yeul Jng, Chng-Sung Jhune,

More information

ABSTRACT REZIME

ABSTRACT REZIME Bilid: 1821-4487 (2015) 19; 5; p 219-223 DK: 577.151.3 ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY AND METABOLISM OF FESH-CT FIT AS A FNCTION OF IPENING DEGEE ENZIMSKA AKTIVNOST I METABOLIZAM SVEŽE EZANOG VOĆA KAO FNKCIJA STEPENA

More information

Coffee Berry Processing By-Product Valorization: Coffee Parchment as a Potential Fiber Source to Enrich Bakery Goods

Coffee Berry Processing By-Product Valorization: Coffee Parchment as a Potential Fiber Source to Enrich Bakery Goods Reserch Article imedpub Journls www.imedpub.com Journl of Food, Nutrition nd Popultion Helth Coffee Berry Processing By-Product Vloriztion: Coffee Prchment s Potentil Fiber Source to Enrich Bkery Goods

More information

Agronomic approaches in yield and quality stability of high oleic sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)

Agronomic approaches in yield and quality stability of high oleic sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) Agronomic pproches in yield nd qulity stbility of high oleic sunflowers (Helinthus nnuus L.) to obtin the Ph. D. degree in the Fculty of Agriculturl Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Germny

More information

Cluster-zone leaf removal refers to deliberate removal of selected

Cluster-zone leaf removal refers to deliberate removal of selected Lef Removl s Influence on Pinot Noir Bsl lef removl chnges chemicl nd voltile compositions By Hui Feng, Fng Yun, Ptrici A. Skinkis nd Michel C. Qin Cluster-zone lef removl refers to delierte removl of

More information

How to get the best eating quality of pork

How to get the best eating quality of pork The effect of ft on the eting qulity of pork Ensuring the best eting qulity Ensuring the best flvours The effect of cooking ft on the eting qulity of pork How to get the best eting qulity of pork The cooking

More information

Abhijit Mishra, Samir Kumar Sarkar, Subhasish Ray and Sudipto Haldar

Abhijit Mishra, Samir Kumar Sarkar, Subhasish Ray and Sudipto Haldar Veterinry World, EISSN: 2231-0916 Aville t www.veterinryworld.org/vol.6/sept-2013/21.pdf RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Effects of prtil replcement of soyen mel with rosted gur korm nd supplementtion of

More information

Plant Growth Regulation

Plant Growth Regulation J Plnt Growth Regul (1994) Journl of Plnt Growth Regultion Heriidl Ativity of Hydrolyzed Corn Gluten Mel on Three Grss Speies under Controlled Environments Dinn Ln-Ying Liu, 1 Nik E. Christins, 1 * nd

More information

The pear cultivars Spadona and Coscia produce

The pear cultivars Spadona and Coscia produce Journl of Horticulturl Science & Biotechnology (7) 82 () 83 87 Plnt growth regultors increse the fruit size of Spdon nd Cosci pers (Pyrus communis) in wrm climte By RAPHAEL A. STERN 1 *, ISRAEL DORON 2

More information

Consumer evaluation of cold smoked fat in beef sausages

Consumer evaluation of cold smoked fat in beef sausages Interntionl Food Reserch Journl 23(4): 1782-1786 (2016) Journl homepge: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my Consumer evlution of cold smoked ft in beef susges Mrtinez, C.C. nd * Mchdo, T.J. Deprtment of Animl,

More information

Indicate (X) client(s) to whom this final report is submitted. Replace any of these with other relevant clients if required. FINAL REPORT FOR 2011/12

Indicate (X) client(s) to whom this final report is submitted. Replace any of these with other relevant clients if required. FINAL REPORT FOR 2011/12 Finl report 1 CFPA Cnning Fruit Producers Assoc. Sumit to: Wiehhn Victor Tel: +27 (0)21 872 1501 inmk@mwe.co.z SAAPPA / SASPA / SAT Fruitgro Science Sumit to: Louise Lieenerg Tel: +27 (0)21 882 8470/1

More information

Behavioral and Physiologic Responses to Environmental Enrichment in the Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus)

Behavioral and Physiologic Responses to Environmental Enrichment in the Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) Zoo Biology 0:1 13 (2007) RESEARCH ARTICLE Behviorl nd Physiologic Responses to Environmentl Enrichment in the Mned Wolf (Chrysocyon rchyurus) Dwn Cummings, Jnine L. Brown, Meliss D. Rodden, nd Nuchrin

More information

Studies on wine production from pawpaw (Carica papaya)

Studies on wine production from pawpaw (Carica papaya) Journl of Brewing n Distilling Vol. 2(4), pp. 56-62, Novemer 2 Aville online t http://www.emijournls.org/jbd ISSN 24-297 2 Aemi Journls Full Length Reserh Pper Stuies on wine proution from pwpw (Cri ppy)

More information

MACLIT INDICATOR PILOT LAMP & INDICATOR FEATURES SPECIFICATIONS (RATINGS, PERFORMANCE)

MACLIT INDICATOR PILOT LAMP & INDICATOR FEATURES SPECIFICATIONS (RATINGS, PERFORMANCE) MACLIT INDICATO INDICATO FEATUES The Mclit indictor is operted y the electromgnetic polrity inversion method. The sttus is displyed y rotting the disply prt. The SS nd MS types hve uilt-in LED for night

More information

SHELF LIFE OF FIVE MEAT PRODUCTS DISPLAYED UNDER LIGHT EMITTING DIODE OR FLUORESCENT LIGHTING KYLE STOVER STEELE. B.S., Kansas State University, 2009

SHELF LIFE OF FIVE MEAT PRODUCTS DISPLAYED UNDER LIGHT EMITTING DIODE OR FLUORESCENT LIGHTING KYLE STOVER STEELE. B.S., Kansas State University, 2009 SHELF LIFE OF FIVE MEAT PRODUCTS DISPLAYED UNDER LIGHT EMITTING DIODE OR FLUORESCENT LIGHTING by KYLE STOVER STEELE B.S., Knss Stte University, 2009 A THESIS Submitted in prtil fulfillment of the requirements

More information

Abstract. Ramiréz-Aristizabal, L. S. * ; Ortiz, A. ; Restrepo-Aristizabal, M.F.; Salinas-Villada, J.F. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira,Colombia

Abstract. Ramiréz-Aristizabal, L. S. * ; Ortiz, A. ; Restrepo-Aristizabal, M.F.; Salinas-Villada, J.F. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira,Colombia Evlution of the ntioxidnt cpcity nd content of polyphenols obtined from te (Cmelli sinensis) of four brnds sold in Colombi by extrction t room temperture Rmiréz-Aristizbl, L. S. * ; Ortiz, A. ; Restrepo-Aristizbl,

More information

PRO LIGNO Vol. 13 N pp

PRO LIGNO Vol. 13 N pp EFFECTIVE SPECIFIC HEAT OF WOOD BRIQUETTES Daniela SOVA Transilvania University of Brasov, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Str. Politehnicii nr. 1, 500024 Brasov, Romania E-mail: sova.@unitbv.ro Abstract:

More information

Effect of Phosphate Salts on the Pasting Properties of Korean Instant-Fried Noodle

Effect of Phosphate Salts on the Pasting Properties of Korean Instant-Fried Noodle Effect of Phosphte Slts on the Psting Properties of Koren Instnt-Fried Noodle Li Wng, 1,2 Gry G. Hou, 2,3 Y-Hsun Hsu, 2 nd Lirong Zhou 4 ABSTRACT Cerel Chem. 88(2):142 146 Up to 15% modified potto strch

More information

The Physico-Chemical Properties of Pomegranate Juice (Punica granatum L.) Extracted From Two Egyptian Varieties

The Physico-Chemical Properties of Pomegranate Juice (Punica granatum L.) Extracted From Two Egyptian Varieties Worl Journl of Diry & Foo Sienes 9 (1): 29-35, 2014 ISSN 1817-308X IDOSI Pulitions, 2014 DOI: 10.5829/iosi.wjfs.2014.9.1.1131 The Physio-Chemil Properties of Pomegrnte Juie (Puni grntum L.) Extrte From

More information

INFLUENŢA DIFERITELOR METODE DE PĂSTRARE ASUPRA CALITĂŢII MERELOR INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT STORAGE METHODS ON APPLE FRUITS QUALITY

INFLUENŢA DIFERITELOR METODE DE PĂSTRARE ASUPRA CALITĂŢII MERELOR INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT STORAGE METHODS ON APPLE FRUITS QUALITY Fruit Growing Reserh, Vol XXXIII 27 INFLUENŢA DIFERITELOR METODE DE PĂSTRARE ASUPRA CALITĂŢII MERELOR INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT STORAGE METHODS ON APPLE FRUITS QUALITY Sumere Dorin, Flore Alin, Sumere Mihel,

More information

Effects of Prohexadione-calcium on Grape Yield Components and Fruit and Wine Composition

Effects of Prohexadione-calcium on Grape Yield Components and Fruit and Wine Composition Effects of Prohexdione-C on Yield nd Composition 73 Effects of Prohexdione-clcium on Grpe Yield Components nd Fruit nd Wine Composition Dnielle Lo Giudice, 1 Tony K. Wolf, 2 * nd Bruce W. Zoecklein 3 Abstrct:

More information

VALUE ADDITION OF IDLI THROUGH INCORPORATION OF GREENS AND LEGUMES

VALUE ADDITION OF IDLI THROUGH INCORPORATION OF GREENS AND LEGUMES VALUE ADDITION OF IDLI THROUGH INCORPORATION OF GREENS AND LEGUMES Thesis submitted to Pondicherry University for the wrd of the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION By S. UMA MAHESWARI

More information

EFFECT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND DEOXYGENATION ON THE QUALITY OF ORANGE JUICE

EFFECT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND DEOXYGENATION ON THE QUALITY OF ORANGE JUICE EFFECT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND DEOXYGENATION ON THE QUALITY OF ORANGE JUICE By ROSALIA GARCIA TORRES A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

More information

Quantification of Glycosidase Activity in Selected Strains of Brettanomyces bruxellensis and Oenococcus oeni

Quantification of Glycosidase Activity in Selected Strains of Brettanomyces bruxellensis and Oenococcus oeni Quntifiction of Glycosidse Activity 303 Quntifiction of Glycosidse Activity in Selected Strins of Brettnomyces ruxellensis nd Oenococcus oeni Ann K. Mnsfield, 1 Bruce W. Zoecklein, 2 * nd Roert S. Whiton

More information

Archived at

Archived at Archived t http://orgprints.org/13657/ Results from three yer testing project of new strwberry cultivrs in Verticillium infested soils nd under orgnic frming conditions A. Spornberger 1, H. Weissinger

More information