Healthy Foods in Minneapolis Urban Communities: Economic, Policy and Community Strategies to Improve Healthy Food Access

Transcription

1 Healthy Foods in Minneapolis Urban Communities: Economic, Policy and Community Strategies to Improve Healthy Food Access University of Minnesota Office for Public Engagement and Obesity Prevention Center

2 894 OBESITY; PREVENTING AND MANAGING THE GLOBAL EPIDEMIC Report of a WHO Consultation Geneva 2000

3 Overweight Among US Adults, Black Mexican American White BMI 25 BMI Source: Hedley et al (2004), JAMA 291:

4 Overweight Among US Children, th percentile Black Mexican American White th percentile Source: Hedley et al (2004), JAMA 291:

5 Obesity by Poverty Level Among US Adults, Black Mexican American White lower income 27 higher income Source: Chang & Lauderdale (2005), Arch Intern Med 165:

6 Do people with lower income have less access to healthy food?

7 Food Access Community Level Household Level

8 Community Food Access Retail food outlets Food items (number and type) Food prices Economic environment Public transportation Neighborhood demographics

9 Supermarkets Are Less Available in Lower Income and in Black Neighborhoods Three times more supermarkets in high-wealth neighborhoods Supermarkets : Residents - 1 : 3,816 White neighborhoods - 1 : 23,582 Black neighborhoods Morland, et al (2002), Am J Prev Med 22:23-29.

10 Healthy Foods Are More Available and Food Prices Are Lower in Supermarket Chain Stores Market Basket Price (49 items) Chain $ Non-Chain $ Price Difference: $ Chung & Meyers (1999), J Consumer Affairs 33:

11 Grocery Store Price Comparison for Healthy Foods Item Name Rainbow Price Aldi Price Broccoli, frozen (1 lb) $1.39 $0.89 Carrots, fresh (2 lb) $1.38 $0.89 Navel oranges, fresh (4 lb) $3.49 $1.69 Apples, fresh, Red Delicious (3 lb) $3.97 $1.29 Bananas, fresh (1 lb) $0.49 $0.33 Peanut butter (18 oz) $1.69 $1.29 Tuna, chunk light (2 6-oz cans) $1.18 $0.78 Bread, whole wheat $1.39 $1.49 Cereal, Cheerios-type $2.59 $1.39 Cereal, Cornflakes $1.49 $0.99 Macaroni & cheese (3 7-oz boxes) $1.77 $0.87 Frozen pizzas (3 10-oz pizzas) $3.75 $2.67 Skim milk (1 gal) $1.99 $1.99 Cola, regular (2 liters) $0.89 $0.49 Total Food Bill: $27.36 $16.95 Savings: $10.41

12 In the US, prices for sweetened foods have risen more slowly than prices for fruits and vegetables (Consumer Price Index = 100) 240 Price index Fruits & vegetables All foods Sweetened foods Carbonated sweetened soft drinks Drewnowski and Darmon 2005, data from ERS/USDA, 2004

13 Household Food Access Income available for food Education level Car ownership Food preferences Motivation (health)

14 Spending on Fruits and Vegetables by Household Income, 2000 Per capita mean weekly spending in dollars Income Quintile Fruits & Vegetables Fruits Vegetables Source: Blisard, Stewart & Jolliffe (2004) USDA/ERS, Consumer Expenditure Survey

15 Vegetables Consumed Per Individual by Income, All vegetables (gm/day) Income group Source: USDA, Agricultural Research Service,

16 Fruit Consumed Per Individual by Income, All fruits (gm/day) Income group Source: USDA, Agricultural Research Service,

17 Fruit & Vegetable Prices and Weight Change Kids who live in neighborhoods with high fruit and vegetable prices gained more weight over three years. Low prices for fruits and vegetables were associated with greater protective effects among kids in poverty areas. Sturm & Datar (2005), Public Health 119:

18 Fruit & Vegetable Availability Affects Intake Fruit & vegetable intake among Black adults was 32% higher with each additional supermarket in their neighborhood. Fruit & vegetable intake among White adults was 11% higher among those with one or more supermarkets in their neighborhood. Morland et al (2002), Am J Public Health 92:

19 Food Access is Influence by Many Sectors Business Public Health Nutrition Communities City Planners Policy Makers

20 Symposium Purpose Research Issues Business Issues Community Initiatives Policy Strategies