Low-Sodium Diet Guidelines

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1 Low-Sodium Diet Guidelines This article provides basic information to help you start or continue following your lowsodium diet. Planning what you eat and balancing your meals are important ways to manage your health. Eating healthy often means making changes in your current eating habits. A registered dietitian can provide in-depth personalized nutrition education, tailor these general guidelines to meet your needs, and help you begin a personal action plan. Some evidence suggests a daily sodium restriction to 1500 milligrams (1.5 grams) may benefit patients with cardiovascular risks including heart failure, hypertension, African- American ethnicity, and all middle aged and older adults. Here are some basic guidelines that will help you get started: Control the sodium in your diet. Decrease the total amount of sodium you consume to 2,000 mg (2 g) per day. Learn to read food labels. Use the label information on food packages to help you to make the best low-sodium selections. Include high-fiber foods such as vegetables, cooked dried peas and beans (legumes), whole-grain foods, bran, cereals, pasta, rice and fresh fruit. Fiber is the indigestible part of plant food that helps move food along the digestive tract, better controls blood glucose levels, and may reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood. Foods high in fiber include natural antioxidants, which reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. The goal for everyone is to consume 25 to 35 grams of fiber per day. Maintain a healthy body weight. This includes losing weight if you are overweight. Limit your total daily calories, follow a low-fat diet and exercise regularly to achieve or maintain your ideal body weight.

2 Learning to read food labels Food labels are standardized by the U.S. government's National Labeling and Education Act (NLEA). Nutrition labels and an ingredient list are required on most foods so you can make the best selection for a healthy lifestyle. Review the food label below. If you do not know how much total sodium is in this product, ask your dietitian, or health care provider, to show you how to read food labels and apply the information to your personal needs. A. The serving size represents the typical amount eaten by an adult. B. The sodium content is listed on the food label per serving size. Ignore the % daily value and focus on the amount of mg sodium per serving. Decrease the total amount of sodium you consume to 2,000 milligrams (mg) or 2 grams (g) per day. Low sodium = 140 mg or less per serving No sodium = less than 5 mg per serving Sodium guidelines Sodium is a mineral found in many foods. It helps keep normal fluids balanced in the body. Most people eat foods containing more sodium than they need. Some foods may be high in sodium and not taste salty. Eating too much sodium causes the body to keep or retain too much water. Following a low-sodium diet helps control high blood pressure (hypertension), swelling, and water build-up (edema). A low-sodium diet also can help decrease breathing

3 difficulties caused when the weakened heart has difficulty pumping excess fluid out of the body. Your doctor may recommend that you consume no more than 2,000 mg (2g) of sodium per day. A low-sodium diet means more than just eliminating the salt shaker from the table! However, that is a good start since one teaspoon salt = 2,300 mg of sodium. It is important to keep a record of the amount of sodium you consume every day. Write down the amount in mg after each meal or snack. Comparison of Sodium in Foods Protein Bacon 1 medium slice 155 Chicken (dark meat) 3.5 oz roasted 87 Chicken (light meat) 3.5 oz roasted 77 Egg, fried 1 large 162 Egg, scrambled with milk 1 medium slice 171 Dried beans, peas or lentils 1 cup 4 Haddock 3 oz cooked 74 Halibut 3 oz cooked 59 Ham (roasted) 3.5 oz Hamburger (lean) 3.5 oz broiled medium 77 Hot dog (beef) 1 medium 585 Peanuts, dry roasted 1 oz 228 Pork loin, roasted 3.5 oz 65 Roast lamb leg 3.5 oz 65 Roast veal leg 3.5 oz 68 Salmon 3 oz 50 Shellfish 3 oz 100 to 325 Shrimp 3 oz 190 Spareribs, braised 3.5 oz 93 Steak, T-bone 3.5 oz 66 Tuna, canned in spring water 3 oz chunk 300 Turkey, dark meat 3.5 roasted 76 Turkey, light meat 3.5 roasted 63 Dairy Products American Cheese 1 oz 443 Buttermilk, salt added 1 cup 260

4 Dairy Products Cheddar cheese 1 oz 175 Cottage cheese, low fat 1 cup 918 Milk, whole 1 cup 120 Milk, skim or 1% 1 cup 125 Swiss cheese 1 oz 75 Yogurt, plain 1 cup 115 Vegetables and Vegetable Juice Asparagus 6 spears 10 Avocado 1/2 medium 10 Beans, white, cooked 1 cup 4 Beans, green 1 cup 4 Beets 1 cup 84 Broccoli, raw 1/2 cup 12 Broccoli, cooked 1/2 cup 20 Carrot, raw 1 medium 25 Carrot, cooked 1/2 cup 52 Celery 1 stalk raw 35 Corn boiled, (sweet, no butter/salt) 1/2 cup 14 Cucumber 1/2 sliced 1 Eggplant, raw 1 cup 2 Eggplant, cooked 1 cup 4 Lettuce 1 leaf 2 Lima beans 1 cup 5 Mushrooms 1/2 cup (raw or cooked) 1-2 Mustard greens 1/2 chopped 12 Onions, chopped 1/2 cup (raw or cooked) 2-3 Peas 1 cup 4 Potato 1 baked 7 Radishes Spinach, raw 1/2 cup 22 Spinach, cooked 1/2 cup 63 Squash, acorn 1/2 cup 4 Sweet potato 1 small 12 Tomato 1 small 11 Tomato juice, canned 3/4 cup 660

5 Fruits and Fruit Juices Apple 1 medium 1 Apple juice 1 cup 7 Apricots 3 medium 1 Apricots (dried) 10 halves 3 Banana 1 medium 1 Cantaloupe 1/2 cup chopped 14 Dates 10 medium 2 Grapes 1 cup 2 Grape juice 1cup 7 Grapefruit 1 medium 0 Grapefruit juice 1 cup 3 Orange 1 medium 1 Orange juice 1 cup 2 Peach 1 0 Prunes 10 3 Raisins 1/3 cup 6 Strawberries 1 cup 2 Watermelon 1 cup 3 Breads and Grains Bran flakes 3/4 cup 220 Bread, whole wheat 1 slice 159 Bread, white 1 slice 123 Bun, hamburger Cooked cereal (instant) 1 packet 250 Corn flakes 1 cup 290 English muffin 1/2 182 Pancake 1 (7-inch round) 431 Rice, white long grain 1 cup cooked 4 Shredded wheat 1 biscuit 0 Spaghetti 1 cup 7 Waffle 1 frozen 235 Convenience Foods Canned soups 1 cup 600-1,300 Canned and frozen main dishes 8 oz 500-2,570

6 Please note: These are sodium content ranges the sodium content in certain food items may vary. Please contact your dietitian for specific product information. Source: Sodium analysis was done using ESHA Food Processor for Windows, Version 8.4, Sodium guidelines: Foods to choose Protein - choose 2-3 servings per day 2-3 ounces of fresh or frozen fish, shellfish, meat (beef, veal, lamb, pork) or poultry 1/2 cup cooked dried beans or peas 1/2 cup low-sodium canned fish (such as salmon or tuna) 1 low-sodium frozen dinner (less than 600mg sodium per meal) - Limit to one per day 1 egg (no more than 3 whole eggs per week) Dairy products - choose 2 or more servings/day 1-1/2 ounces of low-sodium cheese 1 cup milk (non-fat or 1% recommended) 1/2 cup low-sodium cottage cheese 1 cup soy milk Vegetables and fruits - choose 5 or more servings/day 1/2 cup fresh whole, chopped, cooked, frozen or canned fruit 1/2 cup chopped, cooked, frozen or no-salt added canned vegetables 1/2 cup low-sodium tomato juice or V-8 juice 1/2 cup low-sodium tomato sauce 1 cup raw leafy vegetables Bread and grains - choose 6 or more servings/day Low-sodium breads, rolls, bagels and cereals (1 serving = 1 slice bread, 1 small roll, 1/2 bagel, 1/2 English muffin or a 4-inch pita 1/2 cup pasta (noodles, spaghetti, macaroni) 1/2 cup rice Low-sodium crackers (read label for serving size) Sweets and snacks (include sparingly) 1 ounce unsalted nuts 1/2 cup low-sodium pretzels or chips 3 cups popped low-sodium popcorn 3 fig bars or gingersnaps

7 1 slice angel food cake 1 tbsp jelly or honey 1 cup sherbet, sorbet or Italian ice; 1 popsicle 8-10 jelly beans; 3 pieces hard candy Fats, oils and condiments (use sparingly) Olive and canola oils Low-sodium butter and margarine Low-sodium soups Low-sodium salad dressing Homemade gravy without salt Low-sodium broth or bouillon Low-sodium catsup Low-sodium mustard Low-sodium sauce mixes Other seasonings (can use freely) Lemon juice Vinegar Herbs and spices without salt Sample Menu Breakfast Lunch Dinner Fresh fruit Low sodium cereal (hot or cold) Milk Low sodium wheat bread Reduced sodium margarine or peanut butter Lean roast turkey on whole wheat bread with low sodium mustard Raw carrot sticks Applesauce Unsalted pretzels Grilled Chicken Boiled potatoes Steamed fresh vegetables Tossed salad and low sodium dressing Low sodium roll with low sodium margarine

8 Fresh melon Angel food cake Snack Fresh fruit Note: For a diet in which you consume 2,000 mg pf sodium per day, a sample plan might involve eating 500 mg at breakfast, 150 mg for snacks twice daily, 600 mg for lunch, and 600 mg for dinner. Sodium guidelines Use fresh ingredients and/or foods with no salt added. For favorite recipes, you may need to use other ingredients and delete or decrease the salt added. Salt can be removed from any recipe except from those containing yeast. Try orange or pineapple juice as a base for meat marinades. Avoid convenience foods such as canned soups, entrees, vegetables, pasta and rice mixes, frozen dinners, instant cereal and puddings, and gravy sauce mixes. Select frozen entrees that contain 600 mg or less of sodium. However, limit to one of these frozen entrees per day. Check the Nutrition Facts label on the package for sodium content. Use fresh, frozen, no added salt canned vegetables, or canned vegetables that have been rinsed before they are prepared. Low sodium canned soups may be used. Avoid mixed seasonings and spice blends that include salt, such as garlic salt. Don t use a salt substitute unless you check with your doctor first. Seasoning recipes Directions: Combine all ingredients in a small bowl and blend well. Spoon into shaker. Store in a cool, dark place. Spicy blend 2 tbsp dried savory, crumbled 1/4 tsp freshly ground white pepper 1 tbsp dry mustard 1/4 tsp ground cumin 2-1/2 tsp onion powder 1/2 tsp garlic powder 1/4 tsp curry powder

9 Saltless surprise 2 tsp garlic powder 1 tsp basil 1 tsp oregano 1 tsp powdered lemon rind or dehydrated lemon juice Spicy seasoning 1 tsp cloves 1 tsp pepper 2 tsp paprika 1 tsp coriander seed (crushed) 1 tbsp rosemary Herb seasoning 2 tbsp dried dill weed or basil leaves, crumbled 1 tsp celery seed 2 tbsp onion powder 1/4 tsp (pinch) dried oregano leaves, crumbled freshly ground pepper Restaurant dining tips Appetizers Select fresh fruit or vegetables Avoid soups and broths Stay away from bread and rolls with salty, buttery crusts Salads Select fresh fruits and vegetables Avoid pickles, canned or marinated vegetables, cured meats, seasoned croutons, cheeses, salted seeds Order salad dressings on the side and use small amounts of them Main courses Select meat, poultry, fish or shellfish choices that includes the words broiled, grilled or roasted Select plain vegetables, potatoes and noodles Ask the server about the low sodium menu choices, and ask how the food is prepared Request food to be cooked without salt or monosodium glutamate (MSG) Avoid restaurants that do not allow for special food preparation (such as buffet style restaurants, diners or fast food chains) Avoid casseroles, mixed dishes, gravies and sauces

10 Desserts At fast food restaurants, choose the salad entrees or non-fried and non-breaded entrees (such as a baked potato) and skip the special sauces, condiments and cheese* Avoid salted condiments and garnishes such as olives and pickles Select fresh fruits, ices, ice cream, sherbet, gelatin and plain cakes Alcohol guidelines Because alcohol can slow your heart rate and worsen your heart failure, your health care provider may tell you to avoid or limit alcoholic beverages. Alcohol may also interact with the medications you are taking. Ask your health care provider for specific guidelines regarding alcohol. Copyright The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. All rights reserved. Can't find the health information you re looking for? Ask a Health Educator, Live! Know someone who could use this information?...send them this link. This information is provided by the Cleveland Clinic and is not intended to replace the medical advice of your doctor or health care provider. Please consult your health care provider for advice about a specific medical condition. This document was last reviewed on: 9/15/ #12958