Unit Topic Me and Family

Transcription

1 Japanese English

2 Unit Topic Me and Family Assessment task: Your task is to introduce yourself and your family, including your pet, by filming in Japanese. You are required to demonstrate accuracy in using a range of vocabulary and sentence patterns and fluency in speaking Japanese in your film. By the end of this term, you will; Be able to greet in Japanese Be able to introduce yourself in Japanese Be able to count up to 100 in Japanese Be able to understand simple classroom instructions in Japanese Be able to write Hiragana script from あ ~ の Check your understanding Can you; Say your name in Japanese Say your age in Japanese Say your grade in Japanese Say where you live in Japanese Say how old you are in Japanese Say your phone number in Japanese Say your birthday month in Japanese Write the Hiragana from あ ~ お Write the Hiragana from か ~ こ Write the Hiragana from さ ~ そ Write the Hiragana from た ~ と Write the Hiragana from な ~ の Be able to say all the body parts in Japanese Be able to describe a body part with the studied adjectives Be able to say who your family members are Be able to say how many people in your family Say if you do or don t have pets and what they are Be able to describe personalities of people in your family Be able to say you like something Be able to say you don t like something 1

3 STUDENT PROFILE YEAR 7 JAPANESE 2017 STUDENT: TEACHER: SEMESTER ONE ASSESSMENT CONDITIONS + A - + B - + C - + D - + E - 1. Me and Family Introduction Video Unit Length: 10 weeks Time Allowed: 3 weeks 2. Life at Saints Promotion Video 3. Hiragana Reading and Writing Exam Due Date: Monday 27 th March Term 1 Week 10 Unit Length: 10 weeks Time Allowed: 3 weeks Due Date: Monday 19 th June Term 2 Week 10 Unit Length: 10 weeks Length: 40 minutes Due Date: Wednesday 17 th May Term 2 Week 5 LEVEL OF ACHIEVEMENT OVERALL SEMESTER 1 HIRAGANA MINI TEST A / 5 HIRAGANA MINI TEST K / 5 HIRAGANA MINI TEST S / 5 HIRAGANA MINI TEST T / 5 HIRAGANA MINI TEST N / 5 HIRAGANA MINI TEST H / 5 HIRAGANA MINI TEST M / 5 HIRAGANA MINI TEST Y / 3 HIRAGANA MINI TEST R / 5 HIRAGANA MINI TEST Wn / 3 2

4 o i n o r i おいのり - SIGN OF THE CROSS c h i c h i ちち t o と k o こ t o と s e i r e i せいれい t o n o との m i n a みな n i に y o r i t e よりて In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, a ア a ー m e n メン Amen. y o h a n e n i y o r u f u k u i n s h o ヨハネによるふくいんしょ John 3-16 k a m i s a m a w a k o n o y o w o h o n t o u n i かみさまは このよをほんとうに For God so loved the world, a i s a r e t a n o d e あいされたので t a t t a たった h i t o r i n o ひとりの ko こ wo w a t a s h i t a c h i n i k u d a s a t t a n o d e s u を わたしたちにくださったのです as to give his only begotten Son; k a m i s a m a w o かみさまを s h i n j i r u しんじる h i t o w a ひとは that whosoever believeth in him, d a r e d e m o だれでも s h i n u i k o t o n a k u しぬことなく may not perish, e i e n n o えいえんの i n o c h i w o いのちを i t a d a k e r u n o d e s u いただけるのです but may have life everlasting. 3

5 Japanese Greetings Song o h a y o u おはよう g o z a i m a s u ございます (Good morning) k o n n i c h i w a こんにちは (Hello/Good afternoon) k o n b a n w a こんばんは (Good evening) s a y o u n a r a さようなら (Good bye) o y a s u m i n a s a i おやすみなさい (Good night) m a t a a s h i t a またあした (See you tomorrow) ありがとう a r i g a t o u (Thanks) 4

6 9. さっぽろ 8. にいがた 7. きょうと 6. ふくおか 5. なは 10. とうきょう 4. ひろしま 3. おおさか 2. なごや 1. よこはま 5

7 Hiragana Chart 1 (Basic 46 Symbols) 6

8 Youon - Combination Characters Ten Ten & Maru

9 Katakana Chart 1 (Basic 46 Symbols) (N) W R Y M H N T S K A ン (n) ワ (wa) ラ (ra) ヤ (ya) マ (ma) ハ (ha) ナ (na) タ (ta) サ (sa) カ (ka) ア (a) a リ (ri) ミ (mi) ヒ (hi) ニ (ni) チ (chi) シ (shi) キ (ki) イ (i) i ル (ru) ユ (yu) ム (mu) フ (fu) ヌ (nu) ツ (tsu) ス (su) ク (ku) ウ (u) u レ (re) メ (me) ヘ (he) ネ (ne) テ (te) セ (se) ケ (ke) エ (e) e ヲ (o) ロ (ro) ヨ (yo) モ (mo) ホ (ho) ノ (no) ト (to) ソ (so) コ (ko) オ (o) o 8

10 Youon - Combination Characters Ten Ten & Maru R M H N T S K P H H B T D/Z /J S Z/J K G リャ (rya) リュ (ryu) リョ (ryo) ミャ (mya) ミュ (myu) ミョ (myo) ヒャ (hya) ヒュ (hyu) ヒョ (hyo) ニャ (nya) ニュ (nyu) ニョ (nyo) チャ (cha) チュ (chu) チョ (cho) シャ (sha) シュ (shu) ショ (sho) キャ (kya) キュ (kyu) キョ (kyo) i+ya i+yu i+yo パ (pa) ピ (pi) バ (ba) ビ (bi) ダ (da) ヂ (ji) ザ (za) ジ (ji) ガ (ga) ギ (gi) a i P H H B T J S J K G プ (pu) ブ (bu) ヅ (zu) ズ (zu) グ (gu) u ピャ (pya) ピュ (pyu) ピョ (pyo) ビャ (bya) ビュ (byu) ビョ (byo) ヂャ (jya) ヂュ (jyu) ヂョ (jyo) ジャ (jya) ジュ (jyu) ジョ (jyo) ギャ (gya) ギュ (gyu) ギョ (gyo) i+ya i+yu i+yo ペ (pe) ポ (po) ベ (be) ボ (bo) デ (de) ド (do) ゼ (ze) ゾ (zo) ゲ (ge) ゴ (go) e o 9

11 月 日 ( ) じかんめ 10 Classroom Rules in Japanese

12 Teacher Intro Your teacher s name is Sensei ( せんせい )means Japanese Roll Marking Way Presence Absence Boy Girl Did you know? After becoming friendlier, one can call a girl by putting chan after her first name. But not for the first time meeting Scripts in Japanese There are3 different scripts in Japanese. They are:

13 月 日 ( ) じかんめ Greetings in the classroom Good morning Hello or Good afternoon Good bye Thank you I am sorry. May I go to the toilet? May I drink water? Classroom Instructions Please stand up. Please sit down. Please be quiet. Did you know? In stead of shaking hands, the Japanese makes a bow. At least two to three times. At the department store, the clerks make a 30-degree bowing. 12

14 Greetings - あいさつ You have to stop and bow when you make formal greetings in the Japanese community. When they make informal greetings, they sometimes raise up their dominant hand instead of bowing. Morning Good morning あさ a s a formal o h a y o u g o z a i m a s u おはようございます o h a y o u informal おはよう Afternoon Good afternoon/hello ごご gogo k o n n i c h i w a こんにちは Night Good evening よる y o r u k o n b a n w a こんばんは Good night formal o y a s u m i n a s a i おやすみなさい o y a s u m i informal おやすみ Farewell Greetings Good-bye s a y o u n a r a さようなら See you j y a a n e じゃあね Take care o g e n k i d e おげんきで 13

15 The greetings are done without hugs and kisses in Japan. They neither hug nor kiss in front of other people. 月 日 よう日 じかんめ Formal Informal How are you? How are you doing? o g e n k i d e s u k a おげんきですか g e n k i げんき I am good. Not bad./so-so. g e n k i d e s u げんきです m a a m a a まあまあ おはよう おはようございます ごめんなさい ちこくよ! ありがとうございます どういたしまして 14

16 Thanks and Apologies Thank you. Formal Thanks. Informal a r i g a t o u g o z a i m a s u ありがとうございます I am sorry. a r i g a t o u ありがとう Sorry. g o m e n n a s a i ごめんなさい Excuse me. g o m e n n e ごめんね Hey!(getting attention) s u m i m a s e n すみません c h o t t o ちょっと Thanks and apologies should be made with a bow in the Japanese community. Add ほんとうに (Hontouni) to the expression to tell your deeper feelings. I really thank you. h o n t o u n i ほんとうに a r i g a t o u I am really sorry. ありがとう h o n t o u n i ほんとうに g o m e n n a s a i ごめんなさい Did you know? The Japanese think an important thing should be wrapped properly consider the wrapping paper as part of the important gift. It is rude to rip the wrapping paper in front of a friend. When they give money, it is always wrapped 15

17 Understanding and Response Do you understand? w a k a r i m a s u k a わかりますか Yes. h a i はい I understand. w a k a r i m a s h i t a わかりました A little. c h o t t o d a k e ちょっとだけ No. I do not understand. i i e いいえ w a k a r i m a s e n わかりません Responses I see. s o u d e s u k a そうですか Really? h o n t o u d e s u k a ほんとうですか Oh, my god! h e e へえ Unbelievable! s h i n j i r a r e n a i しんじられない Mighty どうも Doumo 16

18 Hiragana A line - Vowels Symbol and Stroke Order Pronunciation and Clue 17

19 Hiragana K line Symbol and Stroke Order Pronunciation and Clue 18

20 Hiragana Writing Practice (A&K lines) Trace on the greyed ones first, and then, write each Hiragana symbol 9 times following appropriate stroke orders. You will have a mini test on them at the beginning of next lesson. a ああ i いい u うう e ええ o おお ka かか ki きき ku くく ke けけ ko ここ Vocabulary in AK lines あおい (blue) あかい (red) おおきい (big) き (tree) かお (face) かき (persimmon) 19

21 Self-introduction English Japanese Hello. ko n ni chi wa. How do you do? ha ji me ma shi te. My name is My Name. bo ku no na ma e wa My Name de su. I am Age years old. Age sa i de su. I am in Year 7. nana ne n se i de su. Nice to see you. do u zo yo ro shi ku. Vocabulary Check ぼく boku means. の no after ぼく boku n a m a e means. なまえ means. 11 in Japanese is. 12 in Japanese is. 13 in Japanese is. 7 in Japanese is. 20

22 Kanji Numbers reading in Japanese Kanji for numbers Clue 0 zero Your phone number Write your phone number in Japanese referring to the chart above. Then practise pronouncing it in your head. Your phone number (English) Your phone number in Japanese 21

23 Kanji Numbers Quiz - Sudoku Challenge <How to Play> Fill all the blank squares in a game with the correct numbers. There are three very simple constraints to follow. In a 9 by 9 square Sudoku game: Every row of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order Every column of 9 numbers must include all digits 1 through 9 in any order Every 3 by 3 subsection of the 9 by 9 square must include all digits 1 through 9 EASY 二一八三 三七一二四 八六五 五六二一 六四 一五 一二九七六八 二七九八 七八五二九三 三九八六 六 HARD 二一 四 五三 一九二 七 三 四 三 五 八一 七 22

24 Culture - Setsubun - せつぶん In Japan, Setsubun is the day before the beginning of each season. The name literally means "seasonal division", but usually the term refers to the spring Setsubun, properly called Risshun celebrated yearly on February 3 as part of the Spring Festival. In its association with the Lunar New Year, Spring Setsubun can be thought of (and was previously thought of) as a sort of New Year's Eve, and so was accompanied by a special ritual to cleanse away all the evil of the former year and drive away disease-bringing evil spirits for the year to come. This special ritual is called mamemaki (bean scattering). Mamemaki まめまき Mamemaki is usually performed by the toshiotoko (the male who was born on the corresponding animal year on the Chinese zodiac) of the household, or else the male head of the household. Roasted soybeans (called irimame) are thrown either out the door or at a member of the family wearing an Oni (demon or ogre) mask, while the throwers chant "Oni wa soto! Fuku wa uchi!". The literal meaning of the words is something like "Demons out! Luck in!" The beans are thought to symbolically purify the home by driving away the evil spirits that bring misfortune and bad health with them. Then, as part of bringing luck in, it is customary to eat soybeans, one for each year of one's life, and in some areas, one for each year of one's life, plus one more for bringing good luck for the year to come. Read the passages above and answer the questions below. Question 1. What is Setsubun? Question 2. When is Setsubun happening? Question 3. What activity is seen on Setsubun? 23

25 Hiragana S line Symbol and Stroke Order Pronunciation and Clue 24

26 Hiragana T line Symbol and Stroke Order Pronunciation and Clue 25

27 Hiragana Writing Practice (S&T lines) Trace on the greyed ones first, and then, write each Hiragana symbol 9 times following appropriate stroke orders. You will have a mini test on them at the beginning of next lesson. sa ささ shi しし su すす se せせ so そそ ta たた chi ちち tsu つつ te てて to とと Vocabulary in A -T lines すし (sushi) うし (cow) て (hand) つき (moon) くち (mouth) あし (foot/leg) 26

28 Questions and Answers 1 English Japanese What is your name? o na ma e wa. How old are you? na n sa i de su ka. Which grade are you in? na n ne n se i de su ka. Please say it again. mo u i chi do i tte ku da sa i. Check your understanding 1. When you are asked o namae wa?, you answer; 2. When you are asked nan nen sei desu ka?, you answer; 3. When you are asked nan sai desu ka?, you answer; 27

29 Questions and Answers 2 English Japanese Where do you live? do ko ni su n de i ma su ka. I live in Place. Place ni su n de i ma su. What is your phone number? de n wa ba n go u wa. My phone number is Phone Number. de n wa ba n go u wa Phone Number de su. Your Home Phone Number in Japanese の no Your Mobile Phone Number in Japanese の no の no Vocabulary Check どこ doko s u n d e i m a s u means. すんでいます means. に n i after どこ doko or Place means. d e n w a でんわ means. b a n g o u ばんごう means. 28

30 Birthday Month Months English Roma-ji Kanji Hiragana January ichi gatsu February ni gatsu March san gatsu April shi gatsu May go gatsu June roku gatsu July shichi gatsu August hachi gatsu September ku gatsu October jyuu gatsu November jyuuichi gatsu December jyuuni gatsu 29

31 Questions and Answers 3 Question English When is your birthday? Roma-ji tanjyou bi wa itsu desuka. Symbols Answer English My birthday is in Month. Roma-ji tanjyou bi wa Month desu. Symbols Vocabulary Check いつ i t s u t a n j y o u b i means. たんじょうび means. Exercise 1 Ask all the students in your class when their birthday is in Japanese and report your outcomes in the chart below in Japanese. First Name in Katakana Birthday in Japanese Sentence Pattern when Reporting Back くん k u n の no t a n j y o u b i たんじょうび は wa です d e s u s birthday is. 30

32 Hiragana N line Symbol and Stroke Order Pronunciation and Clue 31

33 Hiragana H line Symbol and Stroke Order Pronunciation and Clue 32

34 Hiragana Writing Practice (N&H lines) Trace on the greyed ones first, and then, write each Hiragana symbol 9 times following appropriate stroke orders. You will have a mini test on them at the beginning of next lesson. na なな ni にに nu ぬぬ ne ねね no のの ha はは hi ひひ fu ふふ he へへ ho ほほ Vocabulary in A -H lines かた (shoulder) ひこうき (airplane) おなか (stomach) ねこ (cat) いぬ (dog) はな (nose/flower) 33

35 Introducing Your Friend English Japanese This is my friend,. to mo da chi no sa n (girl) ku n (boy) de su. S/he is Age years old. Age sa i de su. S/he is in Year Grade. Grade ne n se i de su. S/he lives in Place. Place ni su n de i ma su. Her/his phone number is. de n wa ba n go u wa de su. t o m o d a c h i ともだち means. Vocabulary Check さい s a i n e n s e i means. ねんせい means. <Trivia> *Did you know たまごっち (Tamagotchi/Tamagocchi)is a Japanese product and t a m a g o t o m o d a c h i the name is a combination of たまご (egg)and ともだち(friend). 34

36 Culture - Girl s Day - Hinamatsuri - ひなまつり The Japanese Doll Festival ( ひなまつり, Hina-matsuri), or Girls' Day, is held on March 3, the third day of the third month. Platforms with a red hi-mōsen are used to display a set of ornamental dolls ( ひなにんぎょう hina-ningyō) representing the Emperor, Empress, attendants, and musicians in traditional court dress of the Heian period. Origin and customs The custom of displaying dolls began during the Heian period. Formerly, people believed the dolls possessed the power to contain bad spirits. Hinamatsuri traces its origins to an ancient Japanese custom called hinanagashi ( ひなながし, hina-nagashi lit. "doll floating"), in which straw hina dolls are set afloat on a boat and sent down a river to the sea, supposedly taking troubles or bad spirits with them. The Shimogamo Shrine (part of the Kamo Shrine complex) in Kyoto celebrates the Nagashibina by floating these dolls between the Takano and Kamo Rivers to pray for the safety of children. Also people have stopped doing this now because of fishermen catching the dolls in their nets. They now send them out in to the sea, and when the spectators are gone they take the boats out of the water and bring them back to the temple and burn them. The customary drink for the festival is amazake, a sweet, non-alcoholic version of sake made from fermented rice; the customary food is colored arare, bite-sized crackers flavored with soy sauce. A soy sauced based soup is also served containing clams still in the shell. Clam shells in the food are deemed as the symbol of a united and peaceful couple, because a pair of clam shells can closely fit to each other, and no other shells than its original pair can get fixed. Read the passages above and answer the questions below. Question 1. What is Hinamatsuri? Question 2. When is Hinamatsuri happening? Question 3. What activity is seen on Hinamatsuri? 35

37 Origami - Ohinasama 36

38 Hiragana M line Symbol and Stroke Order Pronunciation and Clue 37

39 Hiragana Y line Symbol and Stroke Order Pronunciation and Clue Vocabulary in A -Y lines Part 1 まち (town/city) みせ (shop) むし (bug/insect) め (eye) もも (peach) やさしい (kind) ゆめ (dream) ようふく (western clothes) よやく (reservation) Did you know? Japanese people sometimes put their hands together like this when asking a favour. It is hard to say No when your friend asks you something like this 38

40 Hiragana Writing Practice (M&Y lines) Trace on the greyed ones first, and then, write each Hiragana symbol 9 times following appropriate stroke orders. You will have a mini test on them at the beginning of next lesson. ma まま mi みみ mu むむ me めめ mo もも ya やや yu ゆゆ yo よよ Vocabulary in A -Y lines Part 2 あたま (head) みみ (ear) かみ (hair/paper) ゆき (snow) あめ (rain/lolly) かめ (turtle) つゆ (rainy season) やま (mountain) やさい (vegetable) 39

41 How to spell your name in Katakana 40

42 Make a Poster to Introduce Yourself in Japanese <Steps> Log on to computer. 2. Open Microsoft Word. 3. Change the language from English to Japanese. 4. Please start typing in according to the example below; ko nn ni chi ha. ha ji me ma shi te. bo ku no na ma e ha TYPE YOUR NAME in ENGLISH de su. jyu u ni sa i de su. (for 12 years old) or jyu u sa nn sa i de su (for 13 years old). ha chi ne nn se i de su. Cairns ni su n de i ma su. de n wa ba n go u ha xxxx no xxxx de su. (x to be replaced by your phone number) do u zo yo ro shi ku. *Please DO NOT press space between letters. 5. Insert your picture on your poster. 6. Print your poster out. 41

43 Hiragana R line Symbol and Stroke Order Pronunciation and Clue 42

44 Hiragana Wn lines Symbol and Stroke Order Pronunciation and Clue Vocabulary in A - n lines Part 1 むらさき (purple) むら (village) りか (science) もり (forest) はる (spring) はれ (fine weather) くるま (car) くもり (cloudy) くろい (black) 43

45 Hiragana Writing Practice (R&Wn lines) Trace on the greyed ones first, and then, write each Hiragana symbol 9 times following appropriate stroke orders. You will have a mini test on them at the beginning of next lesson. ra らら ri りり ru るる re れれ ro ろろ wa わわ wo をを n んん Vocabulary in A - n lines Part 2 しろい (white) きいろい (yellow) きんいろ (gold) まるい (round) かわいい (cute) こわい (scary) にほん (Japan) ひまわり (sunflower) ほん (book) 44

46 Hiragana Symbols Search You already know most of Hiragana symbols and you are now able to distinguish them from other Japanese scripts, such as Katakana and Kanji. Colour in the boxes of Hiragana symbols so that you will find one Hiragana symbol hidden. The hidden Hiragana symbol is. 45

47 Ten-ten and Maru Ten-ten literally means dot-dot, and describes the two short lines added to the right top corner of symbols in the K, S, T and H lines in order to produce alternate pronunciations. Ten-Ten on the K When Ten-ten is added to the symbols in K line, the ka, ki, ku, ke and ko hiragana assume their alternate pronunciations: ga, gi, gu, ge, and go. The vowel sounds remain the same; only the consonant sounds change. が ga ぎ gi ぐ gu げ ge ご go Ten-Ten on the S When ten-ten is written beside the symbols in the S line, the resulting pronunciations are za, ji, zu, ze, and zo. The ji romaji and pronunciation is exceptional, as it is shi plus ten-ten, and pronounced like "jeep" without the "p" sound. za ざ j i じ zu ず ze ぜ zo ぞ Ten-Ten on the T With ten-ten added, the symbols in the T line become da, ji, zu, de, and do. だ da ぢ j i づ zu で de ど do Ten-Ten and Maru on the H With ten-ten, the symbols in H line become ba, bi, bu, be, and bo. ば ba び bi ぶ bu べ be ぼ bo In addition, H line is the only set that can take Maru as well as Ten-ten. When Maru is added beside a member of the H line (instead of ten-ten), the resulting set is pa, pi, pu, pe, and po. ぱ pa ぴ pi ぷ pu ぺ pe ぽ po *Clue to remember the rules with Ten-ten and Maru K G KeG S Z(/J) SeZ T D(/Z/J) TeD H B Heb H P HoP 46

48 Body Parts Label the body parts in Japanese (Hiragana) and Roma-ji (English reading) in the blank boxes below. Then practise pronouncing them in your mind. Body Parts Song め me みみ m i m i くち k u c h i はな h a n a くち k u c h i はな h a n a くち k u c h i はな h a n a め me みみ m i m i くち k u c h i はな h a n a て t e を o t a t a k o u たたこう a t a m a あたま かた k a t a ひざ h i z a あし a s h i ひざ h i z a あし a s h i ひざ h i z a あし a s h i a t a m a あたま かた k a t a ひざ h i z a あし a s h i て t e を o t a t a k o u たたこう 47

49 Adjectives for Body Parts <Sentence Pattern> Body Part が ga Adjective です d e s u (Body Part is Adjective.) English Reading Japanese (Hiragana) big o o ki i small (size/height) chi i sa i long na ga i short (length) mi ji ka i red a ka i black ku ro i white shi ro i yellow ki i ro i brown cha i ro i gold ki n i ro silver gi n i ro blue a o i green mi do ri pink pi n ku 48

50 Fill the Gap Fill the gaps below in with appropriate Japanese words to complete the sentences according to the English meaning. The first question is done for you. 1. ( かみ ) が ( ちゃいろい ) です My hair is brown. 2. ( ) が ( ) です My eyes are blue. 3. ( ) が ( ) です My hands are big. 4. ( ) が ( ) です My fingers are short. 5. ( ) が ( ) です My nose is red. 6. ( ) が ( ) です My mouth is pink. 7. ( ) が ( ) です My feet are small. 8. ( ) が ( ) です My ears are long. 9. ( ) が ( ) です My knees are black. 10. ( ) が ( ) です My stomach is green. Writing Exercise Write those English sentences in Japanese (Hiragana)using the sentence pattern Body Part が Adjective です 1. My eyes are green. 2. My hands are black. 3. My fingers are long. 4. My feet are silver. 5. My hair is short. 6. My mouth is red. 7. My shoulders are small. 8. My stomach is big. 9. My nose is pink. 10. My head is black. 49

51 Youon - Combination Characters Youon ( ようおん, contracted word or diphthong) is a feature of the Japanese language in which a mora is formed with an added sound. Youon are represented in hiragana using a kana ending in i, such as き (ki), plus a smaller-than-usual version of one of the three y kana, ya( ゃ ), yu ( ゅ )or yo( ょ ). For example kyō, "today", is written きょう, using a small version of the yo kana, よ. Contrast this with kiyō, "skillful", which is written きよう, with a full-sized yo kana. R M H N T S K りゃ (rya) りゅ (ryu) りょ (ryo) みゃ (mya) みゅ (myu) みょ (myo) ひゃ (hya) ひゅ (hyu) ひょ (hyo) にゃ (nya) にゅ (nyu) にょ (nyo) ちゃ (cha) ちゅ (chu) ちょ (cho) しゃ (sha) しゅ (shu) しょ (sho) きゃ (kya) きゅ (kyu) きょ (kyo) i+ya i+yu i+yo P H H B T J S J K G ぴゃ (pya) ぴゅ (pyu) ぴょ (pyo) びゃ (bya) びゅ (byu) びょ (byo) ぢゃ (jya) ぢゅ (jyu) ぢょ (jyo) じゃ (jya) じゅ (jyu) じょ (jyo) ぎゃ (gya) ぎゅ (gyu) ぎょ (gyo) i+ya i+yu i+yo Sokuon The sokuon ( そくおん ) is a Japanese symbol consisting of a small hiragana or katakana tsu. In less academic language it is called chiisai tsu ( ちいさいつ ) or chiisana tsu ( ちいさなつ ), meaning "little tsu". The sokuon is used for various purposes. The main use is for showing a geminate consonant, which is represented in rōmaji by the "doubling" of the following consonant. In speaking a word involving the sokuon, the protocol is to motion the mouth into pronouncing the consonant which follows the sokuon and stopping, allowing a slight pause before carrying out the speech of the actual consonant. e.g きっぷ kippu ほっかいどう hokkaidou Exercise: Write the pronunciations below in Hiragana, referring to the chart above. 1. shashin (photo) 4. kitte (stamp) 2. ryokou (trip) 5. Sapporo (Sapporo) 3. byouin (hospital) 6. shippai (failure) 50

52 Writing Test Practice A. Fill the chart below in with appropriate Hiragana characters for each blank box to complete it. (46 marks) (n) W R Y M H N T S K A a i u e o B. Write the sentences in Roma-ji with English meanings in brackets below in Hiragana, Katakana (for your name) and Kanji (for numbers). Put your own name in the underlined part and choose either BOKU or WA TA SHI according to your gender. (2 marks each) 1. KO N NI CHI HA (Hello.) 2. BO KU/ WA TA SHI NO NAMAE HA My Name DE SU (My name is My Name.) 3. JYU U SA N SA I DE SU (I am 13 years old.) 4. HA CHI NE N SE I DE SU (I am in Year 8.) 5. DO U ZO YO RO SHI KU (Nice to see you.) 51

53 Word Search - Greetings Write the English greeting phrases in Japanese (Hiragana). Then, move onto the word-search below. Good morning. English Japanese (Hiragana) Good afternoon. / Hello. Good bye. See you tomorrow. How do you do. Nice to meet you. Thank you. What is your name? What is your phone number? またあしたうむきそでせいさだくてっわすんもおたぬよやきつけわいなおえのとをんわばすまいざごうよはおんらえぬねとゆじれわごなはきがちめりるろううくりすまこんにちはよあくしろよぞうどおさどてたってください 52

54 Internet research about Japan Questions: General Information about Japan 1. What is the population of Japan? (Specify when it was recorded.) 2. What is the land area of Japan? 3. What is the capital city of Japan? 4. What is the population of the capital city? (Specify when it was recorded.) 5. List 5 biggest cities (based on population) in Japan, apart from the capital city. 6. Who is the current Prime Minister of Japan? 7. Briefly explain Japan s politics. 8. What is the Japan s currency? How much is 1 Australian Dollar in its currency as of the date of your research? 9. What religions are followed in Japan? List 3 most popular ones with brief explanation for each religion. 10. What educational system is used in Japan? 53

55 Culture - Kendama - けんだま What Is Kendama? Kendama is a kind of toy that has long enjoyed popularity in Japan among both children and adults. While it may appear simple at first glance, kendama is a deep game with more than 1,000 different techniques for players to try to master. It can be played anywhere and by anyone, both men and women, young and old. The game is said to be helpful in developing concentration and perseverance. These days, however, this traditional toy is no longer just an amusement; it is becoming a competitive sport with competitions taking place all across Japan. The kendama today are made from a stick with a point at one end, three attached cups, and a ball with a small hole in one end. The cups on either side of the stick are called the big cup and small cup. The ball is connected to the stick by a roughly 40-centimeter (16-inch) piece of string. At the end of the stick is a point with which the player can attempt to spear the ball. At the other end of the stick is a cup called the medium cup. The game is basically played by tossing the ball and attempting to catch it in one of the cups or to spear it with the point of the stick. Although it may sound simple, there are a nearly unlimited number of specific techniques for doing so. Project - Kendama Making Your next task is to make a Kendama using any recyclable items, which you can bring from your house. Think what you have to bring and list the items. Then, draw a diagram of your original Kendama. Items to be brought Diagram 54

56 Trivia Quiz Research on the questions below on the Internet individually. Most correct answers will win a prize along with 2 stamps. So try your best! Questions 1 There are more Seven Eleven stores in Japan than in the United States. True or False? 2 Mt Fuji is higher than Uluru. True or False? 3 The Japanese flag is called Hinomaru. True or False? 4 You are allowed to use 2 swords in Kendo (Japanese art of fencing). True or False? 5 The coastline of the Japanese Archipelago is almost equal to Australian Continent s. True or False? 6 Japan is the only nation, which designates Japanese as the official language. True or False? 7 Doraemon is the first Japanese animation film, which was exported to overseas. True or False? 8 The time difference between Japan and Brisbane is just 1 hour. True or False? 9 People drive on the right in Japan, the same as USA. True or False? 10 The consumption duty (similar to GST) is 5% in Japan. True or False? 11 Most of the scenes of the Hollywood movie Last Samurai were shot in New Zealand. True or False? 12 Tokyo Disney Land is located in Tokyo. True or False? 13 People are allowed to get driver s license from 18 years of age in Japan. True or False? 14 Senior high school education is compulsory in Japan. True or False? 15 One of the Japanese festivals Hinamatsuri was originally for both boys and girls. True or False? 16 The Olympic Games (Summer and Winter) have been hosted 3 times in Japan. True or False? 17 There are 15 national holidays a year in Japan. True or False? 18 Japan s land area is about one-twentieth of that of Australia. True or False? 19 The Hollywood movie Shall We Dance? is a remake of a Japanese film of the same name. True or False? 20 Kyoto used to be the capital city of Japan. True or False? 55

57 Family k a z o k u Family - かぞく English Pronunciation Hiragana dad o to u sa n mum o ka a sa n older brother o ni i sa n older sister o ne e sa n younger brother o to u to younger sister i mo u to grand father o ji i sa n grand mother o ba a sa n Counting People English Reading Kanji and Hiragana 1 person hi to ri 2 people fu ta ri 3 people sa n ni n 4 people yo ni n 5 people go ni n 6 people ro ku ni n 7 people shi chi ni n/ na na ni n 8 people ha chi ni n 9 people kyu u ni n 10 people jyu u ni n 56

58 Q and A English Japanese How many people are there in your family? nan nin kazoku desuka. There are my family. people in kazoku wa desu. There are MEMBER, MEMBER, and me. MEMBER to MEMBER to. to watashi/boku desu *If you have more than 2 of same kind of siblings, you say SIBLING が ga No. of SIBLING. e.g. f u t a r i いもうとがふたり s a n n i n とおとうとがさんにん Vocabulary Check k a z o k u かぞく means. n a n n i n なんにん means. と t o between MEMBERs means. Counting People Song h i t o r i ひとり f u t a r i ふたり s a n n i n さんにん i m a s u います y o n i n よにん g o n i n ごにん r o k u n i n ろくにん i m a s u います s h i c h i n i n しちにん h a c h i n i n はちにん k y u u n i n きゅうにん i m a s u います z e n b u d e ぜんぶで j y u u n i n じゅうにん i m a s u います i m a s u * います z e n b u d e ** ぜんぶで means excist. means altogether. 57

59 Exercise - Labelling the Family Tree Task 1. Label the Simpsons family tree from Lisa s point of view in Japanese (Hiragana). Extra Vocabulary uncle おじさん aunt おばさん cousin いとこ baby あかちゃん 58

60 Task 2: Draw your family tree in the box below and label your family in Japanese. Task 3: Based on above, write about your family members in Japanese (Hiragana and Kanji). 59

61 Pet (Animals) Pet (Animals) English Pronunciation Japanese English Pronunciation Japanese dog i nu chicken ni wa to ri cat ne ko snake he bi bird to ri sheep hi tsu ji rabbit u sa gi cow u sh i fish sa ka na horse u ma mouse (rat) ne zu mi lizard to ka ge Counting Animals English Pronunciation Japanese English Pronunciation Japanese 1 animal i ppi ki 6 animals ro ppi ki 2 animals ni hi ki 7 animals na na hi ki 3 animals sa n bi ki 8 animals ha ppi ki 4 animals yo n hiki 9 animals kyu u hi ki 5 animals go hi ki 10 animals jyu ppi ki Counting Animals Song i p p i k i いっぴき n i h i k i にひき s a n b i k i さんびき i m a s u います h o n h i k i よんひき g o h i k i ごひき r o p p i k i ろっぴき i m a s u います s h i c h i h i k i しちひき h a p p i k i はっぴき k y u u h i k i きゅうひき i m a s u います z e n b u d e ぜんぶで j y u p p i k i じゅっぴき i m a s u います 60

62 Q and A English Japanese Do you have a pet? pet wa imasu ka. Yes, I have ANIMAL. hai. ANIMAL ga imasu. No, I do not have any pet. iie. Pet wa imasen. *If you have more than 2 of same animals, you say ANIMAL が ga No. of ANIMAL. e.g. n i h i k i いぬがにひき s a n b i k i とねこがさんびき Adjectives for Family and Pets English Reading Japanese (Hiragana) fun (personality) o mo shi ro i kind ya sa shi i healthy ge n ki cute ka wa i i pretty ki re i beautiful u tsu ku shi i noisy wonderful strong u ru sa i su go i tsu yo i 61

63 Reading Exercise - Family and Pets Read the Japanese passage below and then translate it to English. ぼく boku の no n a m a e なまえ は wa バ ba ー a ト t o です d e s u jyuuichi 十一 さい s a i です d e s u nana 七 n e n s e i ねんせい です d e s u s u p u r i n g u f i i スプリングフィー ルド r u d o に n i s u n d e i m a s u すんでいます d e n w a b a n g o u でんわばんごう は wa yon 四 ichi 一 go 五 n i 二 の no ichi 一 s a n 三 roku 六 hachi 八 です d e s u k a z o k u かぞく は wa rokunin 六人 です d e s u o t o u s a n おとうさん と t o o k a a s a n おかあさん と t o i m o u t o いもうと が ga f u t a r i 二人 と t o o j i i s a n おじいさん と t o ぼく boku です d e s u o t o o s a n おとうさん の no n a m a e なまえ は wa h o o m a a ホーマー です d e s u o n a k a おなか が ga o o k i i おおきい です d e s u o k a a s a n おかあさん の no n a m a e なまえ は wa マ ma ー a ジ j i です d e s u かみ k a m i が ga a o i あおい です d e s u i m o u t o いもうと の no n a m a e なまえ は wa リサ r i s a と t o マギ m a g i ー i です d e s u マギ m a g i ー i は wa c h i i s a i ちいさい です d e s u o j i i s a n おじいさん の no n a m a e なまえ は wa e i b u r a h a m u エイブラハム です d e s u y a s a s h i i やさしい です d e s u p e t t o ペット は wa ねこ n e k o が ga ichi p i k i 一ぴき と t o いぬ i n u が ga ichi p i k i 一ぴき i m a s u います ねこ n e k o の no n a m a e なまえ は wa スノ s u n o ー o です d e s u スノ s u n o ー o は wa k a w a i i かわいい です d e s u いぬ i n u の no n a m a e なまえ は wa s a n t a サンタ です d e s u s a n t a サンタ は wa o m o s h i r o i おもしろい です d e s u 62

64 History of Japan Archaeological evidence reveals that since upper Palaeolithic period people were living in Japan. Scholars divide the history of Japan into various periods to understand it better. The Yayoi period (300 B.C to 300 A.D) in Japanese history points to the introduction of agriculture and as a result one finds the growth of differentiation in the society. The Kofun period ( ) is the time when greater political unity could be seen in then Japan. The country was united and the centre of power lay in the province of Yamato. The emperor ruled from Yamato and from time to time the capital shifted from one city to another. It was during this time due to the external influence one finds the introduction of Buddhism into Japan. During this period one can also find Chinese influence under the rule of Prince Shotoku. Further in 710 A.D. the first permanent capital was established in Nara. Large Buddhist monasteries were built with political support and a lot of important traditions and customs were established. The Fujiwara (major political influential family) dominance came to an end in 1068 A.D. and Emperor Go- Sanjo took the reign. In 1185 the Minamoto (major political influential family) family ruled Japan but after the death of Yoritomo feuds started again until Kamakura (feudal government) were able to control effectively. The leading social class of this period was the samurai class which also supported the new Zen sect. Another development in the history of Japan was the introduction of the legal code that stressed the importance of loyalty to the master and stood for high morals. In 1259 the Mongols invaded China and had their eyes on Japan as well. The Mongols even attempted but due to bad weather conditions they had to pull out. By 1333 due to various reasons the influence of Hojo (major political influential family) regents in Kamakura declined and Emperor GO- Daigo came back to power. But troubles and feuds never ceased as Ashikaga Takauji challenged the Emperor and thereby the latter had to flee to south of Kyoto leading the existence of two courts (south and north). By the 15th and the 16th centuries the Ashikaga influenced and reduced land owning and military families came to power. The new families were called the Daimyo and often fought with each other. In 1542 there was a Portuguese influence in the form of traders and missionaries who introduced firearms and also the new religion of Christianity in Japan. In the 1580's Toyotomi Hideyoshi took over control and subdued the Northern provinces and Shikoku and Kyushu in Tokugawa Ieyasu succeeded Hideyoshi and provided patronage to Europeans but, suppressed Christianity. The ensuing peace in the country led to the growth of literature and philosophy. The Edo period ( ) the culture flourished and arts forms also developed. The most important development in the Tokugawa Japan was the growth of Neo- Confucianism that laid stress on hierarchy, morals and education. But financial weakness and the increasing dependence of Samurai on the merchants led to the downfall of the Tokugawa government. In the 18th century external pressure increased in the form of Russian endeavour to establish trading relations with Japan. Soon to follow were the Europeans and Americans in the 19th century. One finds that in 1853 Commodore Perry was able to force the Tokogawa government to open up for trades. Another historical event in Japan was the coming of the Meiji Restoration. Then the capital was moved to Tokyo from Kyoto. In order to do away with existing inequality, serious reforms were undertaken. Establishing democracy was stressed and differences between social classes were slowly weakened. Another historical event of Japan was the growing clash of interest between China and Japan that led to Sino- Japanese war in The clash of interest with Russia led to the Russo- Japanese War in Form during the rule of Emperor Taisho, there was the shift to parliament and democratic parties. Japan took part in the World Wars and underwent huge loses and one is reminded of the atomic bombing in the World War II. 63

65 月 日 ( ) じかんめ Numbers 1 to 100 No Japanese Kanji No Japanese Kanji No Japanese Kanji No Japanese Kanji No Japanese Kanji 0 zero 0 20 nijyuu 二十 40 yonjyuu 四十 60 rokujyuu 六十 80 hachijyuu 八十 1 ichi 一 21 nijyuuichi 41 yonjyuuichi 61 rokujyuuichi 81 hachijyuuichi 2 ni 二 22 nijyuuni 42 yonjyuuni 62 rokujyuuni 82 hachijyuuni 3 san 三 23 nijyuusan 43 yonjyuusan 63 rokujyuusan 83 hachijyuusan 4 yon/shi 四 24 nijyuuyon 44 yonjyuuyon 64 rokujyuuyon 84 hachijyuuyon 5 go 五 25 nijyuugo 45 yonjyuugo 65 rokujyuugo 85 hachijyuugo 6 roku 六 26 nijyuuroku 46 yonjyuuroku 66 rokujyuuroku 86 hachijyuuroku 7 nana/shichi 七 27 nijyuunana 47 yonjyuunana 67 rokujyuunana 87 hachijyuunana 8 hachi 八 28 nijyuuhachi 48 yonjyuuhachi 68 rokujyuuhachi 88 hachijyuuhachi 9 kyuu 九 29 nijyuukyuu 49 yonjyuukyuu 69 rokujyuukyuu 89 hachijyuukyuu 10 jyuu 十 30 sanjyuu 50 gojyuu 70 nanajyuu 90 kyuujyuu 11 jyuuichi 十一 31 sanjyuuichi 51 gojyuuichi 71 nanajyuuichi 91 kyuujyuuichi 12 jyuuni 32 sanjyuuni 52 gojyuuni 72 nanajyuuni 92 kyuujyuuni 13 jyuusan 33 sanjyuusan 53 gojyuusan 73 nanajyuusan 93 kyuujyuusan 14 jyuuyon 34 sanjyuuyon 54 gojyuuyon 74 nanajyuuyon 94 kyuujyuuyon 15 jyuugo 35 sanjyuugo 55 gojyuugo 75 nanajyuugo 95 kyuujyuugo 16 jyuuroku 36 sanjyuuroku 56 gojyuuroku 76 nanajyuuroku 96 kyuuryuuroku 17 jyuunana 37 sanjyuunana 57 gojyuunana 77 nanajyuunana 97 kyuujyuunana 18 jyuuhachi 38 sanjyuuhachi 58 gojyuuhachi 78 nanajyuuhachi 98 kyuujyuuhachi 19 jyuukyuu 39 sanjyuukyuu 59 gojyuukyuu 79 nanajyuukyuu 99 kyuujyuukyuu 100 hyaku 百 64

66 月 日 ( ) じかんめ Challenge Kanji Numbers Maths Quiz A. Answer the questions below in Kanji numbers. 1. 三 + 五 = 2. 六 二 = 3. 九 四 = 4. 十八 三 = 5. 二十三 + 十六 = 6. 三十九 十三 = 7. 四十四 二十三 = 8. 十六 三 = 9. 九十八 + 二 = 10. 七十七 十八 = B. Challenge the Sudoku in Kanji numbers. 二 三 五七六九 四九八 六八七 二 三 三九六 七一二 八二一五 六 四 65

67 Shinkansen しんかんせん Bullet Train The Shinkansen ( しんかんせん ) also known as the "bullet train" is a network of high-speed railway lines in Japan operated by four Japan Railways Group companies. Starting with the 210 km/h Tōkaidō Shinkansen in 1964, the now 2,459 km long network has expanded to link most major cities on the islands of Honshū and Kyūshū at speeds up to 300 km/h. Test runs have reached 443 km/h for conventional rail in 1996, and up to a world record 581 km/h for maglev trainsets in Shinkansen literally means "New Trunk Line", referring to the tracks, but the name is widely used inside and outside Japan to refer to the trains as well as the system as a whole. The name "Superexpress" ( ちょうとっきゅう chō-tokkyū), initially used for Hikari trains, was retired in 1972 but is still used in English-language announcements and signage. The Tōkaidō Shinkansen is the world's busiest high-speed rail line. Carrying 151 million passengers a year (March 2008), it has transported more passengers (over 6 billion) than any other high speed line in the world. Between Tokyo and Osaka, the two largest metropolises in Japan, up to ten trains per hour with 16 cars each (1,300 seats capacity) run in each direction with a minimum of 3 minutes between trains. Though largely a long-distance transport system, the Shinkansen also serves commuters who travel to work in metropolitan areas from outlying cities. Future Speed increases E5 series trains, capable of up to 320 km/h (200 mph) (initially limited to 300 km/h), were introduced on the Tōhoku Shinkansen from 5 March Extensive trials using the Fastech 360 test trains has shown that operation at 360 km/h (224 mph) is not currently feasible because of problems of noise pollution, overhead wire wear, and braking distances. Operation at speeds of up to 320 km/h between Utsunomiya and Morioka on this route is expected to allow journey times of around 3 hours for trains from Tokyo to Shin-Aomori (a distance of 674 km (419 mi). Maglev The CEO of JR Central announced plans to have the maglev Chūō Shinkansen operating from Tokyo to Nagoya (366 km/227 mi) by Following the shortest route (through the Japanese Alps), JR Central estimates that it will take 40 minutes to run from Tokyo to Nagoya. However, Nagano Prefecture prefers a routing that swings north to serve the city of Chino and either Ina or Kiso-Fukushima. However, this will increase both the travel time (from Tokyo to Nagoya) and the cost of construction. Maglev trains have been doing test runs on the Yamanashi test track since 1997, running at speeds of over 500 km/h (310 mph). Because of this extensive testing, maglev technology is almost ready for public usage. 66

68 Origami Shinkansen しんかんせん - Bullet Train 67

69 Likes and Dislikes <Sentence Pattern - Like> Object が ga s u k i d e s u すきです I / someone like(s) Object. <Sentence Pattern - Dislike> Object が ga s u k i j a n a i d e s u すきじゃないです I / someone do(es) not like Object. English Reading (Roma-ji) Japanese (Hiragana/Katakana) Japan Australia (Katakana) food ni ho n o su to ra ri a ta be mo no meat ni ku fish (seafood) sa ka na vegetables ya sa i fruits ku da mo no cooked rice go ha n miso soup mi so shi ru pickled vegetables tsu ke mo no natto na tto u sushi su shi seaweed no ri soy sauce sho u yu 68

70 Writing Exercise Write the sentences below in Japanese symbols (Hiragana/Katakana) referring to the sentence patterns and vocabulary on the previous pages. 1. I like sushi. ga Object が ga s u k i d e s u すきです s u k i j a n a i d e s u I / somone like(s) Object. Object がすきじゃないです I / someone do(es) not like Object. 2. I do not like seaweed. 3. I like Australia. 4. I do not like natto. 5. I like Japan. 6. I do not like miso soup. 7. I like meat. 8. I do not like pickled vegetables. 9. I like fruit. 10. I do not like cooked rice. 69

71 Food - Okonomiyaki おこのみやき Okonomiyaki ( おこのみやき ) is a Japanese savoury pancake containing a variety of ingredients. The name is derived from the word okonomi, meaning "what you like" or "what you want", and yaki meaning "grilled" or "cooked". Okonomiyaki is mainly associated with Kansai or Hiroshima areas of Japan, but is widely available throughout the country. Toppings and batters tend to vary according to region. Recipe Ingredients for one pancake Cooked bacon 2-3strips cut into small pieces Cabbage 3/4 cup shredded A few prawns Baking powder 1 teaspoon Cake flour 4 tablespoons Salt 1/6 teaspoon Chopped green onion 1/2 cup Water 3 tablespoons Egg 1 Ingredients Okonomiyaki sauce and toppings Okonomiyaki Sauce Ketchup Soy sauce Worcestershire sauce Mix the above together 3 tablespoons 1 teaspoon 1 tablespoon Okonomiyaki Toppings Mayonnaise 1 tablespoon Aonori (dried green seaweed) and dried bonito shavings (to taste) Method 1. Mix together the flour, salt, and baking powder and sift. Gently mix in the water. Next, add all the remaining ingredients and mix them together thoroughly. 2. Heat the griddle (or frying pan) and lightly oil. Spoon the okonomiyaki mixture on the griddle and spread it into a round shape about 1.2 to 1.5 cm thick. 3. When air bubbles start to rise in the middle of the okonomiyaki, turn it over with a spatula and fry while pressing down on it slightly until done. 4. Spread the sauce over the okonomiyaki, top with mayonnaise if you like. Sprinkle on the aonori and dried bonito. The okonomiyaki is now ready to eat. Note: For an easier way to make okonomiyaki, use ready-made pancake mix in the place of the dry ingredients. 70

72 Sushi and Sashimi Sashimi ( さしみ ) is a Japanese delicacy. It consists of very fresh raw meat, most commonly fish, sliced into thin pieces. The word sashimi means "pierced body", i.e. " さしみ = sashimi = さし = sashi (pierced, stuck) and み = mi (body, meat). This word dates from the Muromachi period, and was possibly coined when the word " きる = kiru (cut), the culinary step, was considered too inauspicious to be used by anyone other than Samurai. This word may derive from the culinary practice of sticking the fish's tail and fin to the slices in identifying the fish being eaten. Another possibility for the name could come from the traditional method of harvesting. 'Sashimi Grade' fish is caught by individual handline. As soon as the fish is landed, its brain is pierced with a sharp spike; and it is placed in slurried ice. This spiking is called the Ike jime process. The flesh contains minimal lactic acid because it died instantly so it will keep fresh on ice for about ten days, without turning white or otherwise degrading. The word sashimi has been integrated into the English language and is often used to refer to other uncooked fish preparations. Many non-japanese use the terms sashimi and sushi interchangeably, but the two dishes are actually distinct and separate. Sushi refers to any dish made with vinegared rice; and, while raw fish is one traditional sushi ingredient, many sushi dishes contain seafood that has been cooked, and others have no seafood at all. Sashimi often is the first course in a formal Japanese meal, but it can also be the main course, presented with rice and miso soup in separate bowls. Many Japanese people believe that sashimi, traditionally considered the finest dish in Japanese cuisine, should be eaten before other strong flavours affect the palate. Sashimi represents the Japanese cultural appreciation of subtlety. The finer sensation can vary from salmon (not traditionally Japanese) to squid and everything in between. The sliced seafood that composes the main ingredient is typically draped over a garnish. The typical garnish is Asian white radish, daikon, shredded into long thin strands, accompanied by one green perilla leaf per slice. Wasabi paste is sometimes mixed directly into soy sauce as a dipping sauce, which is generally not done when eating sushi, however. Purists denounce the practice of mixing wasabi into soy sauce, saying that this dilutes the sharp hot flavor of wasabi. Another more correct way to flavour soy sauce with wasabi is to place the wasabi mound into the soy sauce dish and then pour it in. This allows the wasabi to infuse the soy sauce more subtly. A reputed motivation for serving wasabi with sashimi (and also gari, pickled ginger), besides its flavor, is killing harmful bacteria and parasites that could be present in raw seafood. Sashimi is normally served only with a dipping sauce (soy sauce with wasabi paste or such condiments as grated fresh ginger, or ponzu), and such garnishes as shiso and shredded daikon radish. Dimensions vary but are typically about 2.5 cm (1") wide by 4 cm (1.5") long by 0.5 cm (0.2") thick. 71

73 月 日 ( ) じかんめ Draft Introducing yourself, your family and pets Photos and Pictures Japanese Sentences (Romaji) 72

74 月 日 ( ) じかんめ 73