Patti Clifford Data Entry Person: Patti Clifford WRA Score 20

Transcription

1 Famil: Mrtaceae Taxo: Szgium jambos Som: ) Eugeia jambos L. (basiom) Commo Name: jambos Malabar-plum rose-apple Questioaire : curret Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Patti Clifford Desigatio: H(HPWRA) Data Etr Perso: Patti Clifford WRA Score Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, = Does the species have weed races? =1, = Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, = Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 Prit Date: 5/26/2011 Szgium jambos (Mrtaceae) Page 1 of 6

2 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, = Hbridizes aturall =1, = Self-compatible or apomictic =1, = Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, = Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, >3 4+ ears = Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, = Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, = Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, = Propagules water dispersed =1, = Propagules bird dispersed =1, = Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, = Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, = Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, = Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, = Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, = Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: H(HPWRA) WRA Score 20 Prit Date: 5/26/2011 Szgium jambos (Mrtaceae) Page 2 of 6

3 Supportig Data: WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Is the species highl domesticated?? No] No evidece of domesticatio that reduces ivasive characteristics WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Has the species become aturalized where grow?] NA WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Does the species have weed races?] NA USDA, ARS, Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network (GRIN) [Olie Database Idex]. Natioal Germplasm Resources Laborator, Beltsville, Marlad USDA, ARS, Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network (GRIN) [Olie Database Idex]. Natioal Germplasm Resources Laborator, Beltsville, Marlad Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical"?] Probable origi Malesia. [Qualit of climate match data?] Probable origi Malesia. [Broad climate suitabilit? Yes] "The rose apple flourishes i the tropical ad eartropical climates ol. I Jamaica, it is aturalized from ear sea-level up to a altitude of 3,000 ft (915 m); i Hawaii, from sea-level to 4,000 ft (1,200 m). I Idia, it rages up to 4,400 ft (1,350 m); i Ecuador, to 7,500 ft (2,300 m). At the upper limits, as i Califoria, the tree grows vigorousl but will ot bear fruit." [Broad climate suitabilit? Yes] m. Does ot produce fruit at higher elevatios. [ Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates?] "The rose apple is ative to the East Idies ad Malaa ad is cultivated ad aturalized i ma parts of Idia, Celo ad former Idochia ad the Pacific Islads. It was itroduced ito Jamaica i 1762 ad became well distributed i Bermuda, the Bahamas, the West Idies ad, at low ad medium elevatios, from souther Mexico to Peru. I Guatemala, the tree ma be plated as a livig fecepost or i hedgerows aroud coffee platatios. For this purpose, it is drasticall prued to promote dese growth. It grows wild abudatl, formig solid stads ad thickets, i Puerto Rico, the Virgi Islads, Guatemala, Hoduras ad Paama." [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Yes] "The rose apple is ative to the East Idies ad Malaa ad is cultivated ad aturalized i ma parts of Idia, Celo ad former Idochia ad the Pacific Islads. It was itroduced ito Jamaica i 1762 ad became well distributed i Bermuda, the Bahamas, the West Idies ad, at low ad medium elevatios, from souther Mexico to Peru. I Guatemala, the tree ma be plated as a livig fecepost or i hedgerows aroud coffee platatios. For this purpose, it is drasticall prued to promote dese growth. It grows wild abudatl, formig solid stads ad thickets, i Puerto Rico, the Virgi Islads, Guatemala, Hoduras ad Paama." [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Yes] "Itroduced rage: Ivasive i the Caribbea, Hawaii, Galapagos, Sechelles, Fiji, Cook Islads, Mauritius ad a small part of Australia. Itroduced but ot cosidered ivasive i souther Africa ad Tazaia, southeaster USA, Mexico ad tropical South America." [Naturalized beod ative rage?] "The rose apple is ative to the East Idies ad Malaa ad is cultivated ad aturalized i ma parts of Idia, Celo ad former Idochia ad the Pacific Islads. It was itroduced ito Jamaica i 1762 ad became well distributed i Bermuda, the Bahamas, the West Idies ad, at low ad medium elevatios, from souther Mexico to Peru. I Guatemala, the tree ma be plated as a livig fecepost or i hedgerows aroud coffee platatios. For this purpose, it is drasticall prued to promote dese growth. It grows wild abudatl, formig solid stads ad thickets, i Puerto Rico, the Virgi Islads, Guatemala, Hoduras ad Paama." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed?] Scored as a evirometal weed. Prit Date: 5/26/2011 Szgium jambos (Mrtaceae) Page 3 of 6

4 303. Bigelli, P.. The huma dimesios of ivasive wood plats. og/docs/mcneel pdf Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., Richarc, A./Rame, V.. Ivasive ad oative plats ou should kow, recogitio cards Publ. No.SP431. UF/IFAS Ceter for Aquatic ad Ivasive Plats, Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Kueffer, C./Laverge, C.. Case studies o the status of ivasive wood plat species i the Wester Idia Ocea 4. Reuio. Food ad Agriculture Orgaizatio of the Uited Natios, Rome [ Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? Yes] "Similarl o Pitcair Islad the dese ad extesive root mat produced b mature Szgium jambos trees is detrimetal to shiftig agriculture or i agroforestr sstems." [Evirometal weed? Yes] "Forms dese, fast growig caopies that block out light for lower vegetatio, leadig to moospecific stads. Trees are able to resprout quickl if damaged. Has the abilit to ivade udisturbed forest due to shade tolerace. Rapidl ivades disturbed areas.' [Cogeeric weed? Yes] Szgium cumii is a ivasive weed i Florida, where it forms dese caopies that shade out oug ative trees i wet pilads, hammocks, ad well draied uplads. [Produces spies, thors or burrs? Yes] "Trees 6-15 m tall, bark graish brow, smooth, glabrous throughout. Leaves thi, coriaceous, somewhat pedet, arrowl laceolate." [Allelopathic?] Szgium jambos has bee reported to exhibit allelopathic effects Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. [Parasitic? No] Mrtaceae. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Dhakal,M.R./Aziz, A.. Geeral surve of fodder trees ad shrubs of Biratagar ad [Upalatable to grazig aimals? No] Szgium jambos is used as fodder for goats i Biratagar. surroudig localit. Tribhuva Uiversit Joural. 19: /3882/ Natioal Ceter for Biotecholog Iformatio. PubMed. U.S. Natioal Librar of Medicie, Bethesda, Marlad [Toxic to aimals? No] No evidece of toxicit Cao, P.. Developig a agreemet for the Uiversit of Vicosa, i Brazil, to stud guava rust for the State of Hawaii. USDA Forest Service, etral-south-america/2008-cao-brazilguava_rust Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? Yes] Szgium jambos is extremel vulerable to Pucciia psidii rust. [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No] "Aroud the tropical world, rose apples are mostl eate out-of-had b childre. The are seldom marketed. I the home, the are sometimes stewed with some sugar ad served as dessert." Medicial uses: "I Idia, the fruit is regarded as a toic for the brai ad liver. A ifusio of the fruit acts as a diuretic. A sweeteed preparatio of the flowers is believed to reduce fever. The seeds are emploed agaist diarrhea, dseter ad catarrh. I Nicaragua, it has bee claimed that a ifusio of roasted, powdered seeds is beeficial to diabetics. The sa i Colombia that the seeds have a aesthetic propert. The leaf decoctio is applied to sore ees, also serves as a diuretic ad expectorat ad treatmet for rheumatism. The juice of macerated leaves is take as a febrifuge. Powdered leaves have bee rubbed o the bodies of smallpox patiets for the coolig effect. The bark cotais % tai. It is emetic ad cathartic. The decoctio is admiistered to relieve asthma, brochitis ad hoarseess. Cuba people believe that the root is a effective remed for epileps." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No] No evidece of biomass loadig o ecosstems. Prit Date: 5/26/2011 Szgium jambos (Mrtaceae) Page 4 of 6

5 Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Yes] Prefers full su but is shade tolerat. [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad)? Yes] "A deep, loam soil is cosidered ideal for the rose apple but it is ot too exactig, for it flourishes also o sad ad limestoe with ver little orgaic matter." [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad)? Yes] Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] Tree 6-15 m tall. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Motooka, P./Castro, L./Nelso, D./Nagai, G./Chig,L.. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures ad [Forms dese thickets? Yes] Forms dese stads i mesic forests ad pastures, shadig out udergrowth. Natural Areas: A Idetificatio ad Maagemet Guide. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI l Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. [Aquatic? No] Terrestrial. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. [Grass? No] Mrtaceae. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI. [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] Mrtaceae Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI. [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No]. Tree WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No] No evidece Morto, J.. Fruits of warm climates. J.F. Morto, Miami, FL [Produces viable seed? Yes] Mail grow from seeds WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Hbridizes aturall?] Ukow Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., Shivaramu, K./Jaga Moha, N.. Impact of bee flora i a platatio-based ecosstem. 20tree%20idia%20.pdf#page= Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., [Self-compatible or apomictic? Yes] Fruits are produced after self-polliatio. [Requires specialist polliators? No] Szgium jambos trees were plated as bee foragig plats to assist polliatio ad hoe productio at the cetral horticultural experimet statio at Chettalli i Kodagu. [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? Yes]. Dispersed b vegetative fragmets i flowig water. Prit Date: 5/26/2011 Szgium jambos (Mrtaceae) Page 5 of 6

6 Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., Bigelli, P.. The huma dimesios of ivasive wood plats. og/docs/mcneel pdf Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., [Miimum geerative time (ears)? >3] Fruits are produced after five ears. [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas)? Yes] "Similarl o Pitcair Islad the dese ad extesive root mat produced b mature Szgium jambos trees is detrimetal to shiftig agriculture or i agroforestr sstems." [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] Itroduced b humas for use as a orametal tree, fruit tree or for fuel WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? No] No evidece of produce cotamiatio Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI. [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? No] Berries Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Sohmer, S.H.. Maual of the flowerig plats of Hawaii. Revised editio.. Uiversit of Hawai i Press ad Bishop Museum Press, Hoolulu, HI Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., [Propagules dispersed b? Yes] Seeds ad root fragmets are dispersed b flowig water. [Propagules bird dispersed? Yes] Berries subglobose, 2-4 cm log. Seed usuall oe. [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? No] Berries. [o meas of exteral attachmet] [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Yes] The fruit is dispersed b humas ad pigs WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)?] Ukow Motooka, P./Castro, L./Nelso, D./Nagai, G./Chig,L.. Weeds of Hawaii's Pastures ad [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Yes]. "Sesitive to picloram applied cut-surface ad to glphosate applied to drilled holes. Good cotrol with triclopr applied Natural Areas: A Idetificatio ad Maagemet basal bark ad cut-surface(30)." Guide. CTAHR, UH Maoa, Hoolulu, HI l Tropical Biolog Associatio. Szigium jambos. Tropical Biolog Associatio Ic., [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Yes] "Forms dese, fast growig caopies that block out light for lower vegetatio, leadig to moospecific stads. Trees are able to resprout quickl if damaged. Has the abilit to ivade udisturbed forest due to shade tolerace. Rapidl ivades disturbed areas." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets)?] Ukow. Prit Date: 5/26/2011 Szgium jambos (Mrtaceae) Page 6 of 6