Dendrologické dni v Arboréte Mlyňany SAV 2008 Zborník referátov z vedeckej konferencie

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1 Arborétum Mlyňany SAV Ústav genetiky a biotechnológie rastlín SAV Fakulta záhradníctva a krajinného inžinierstva SPU v Nitre Združenie arborét a botanických záhrad Slovenska Slovenská spoločnosť pre poľnohospodárske, lesnícke a veterinárske vedy pri SAV v Bratislave, pobočka Nitra Dendrologické dni v Arboréte Mlyňany SAV 2008 Zborník referátov z vedeckej konferencie Days of Dendrology in the Arboretum Mlynany SAS 2008 Proceeding of papers from scientific conference Arborétum Mlyňany SAV Október

2 Odbormí garanti: Scientific Commitee: Ing. Zuzana Knetigová Prof. Ján Supuka, CSc. Doc.Ing. Ivan Lukáčik, CSc. RNDr. Andrej Kormuťák, DrSc. Doc. RNDr. Sergej Mochnacký, CSc. Doc. Ing. Gabriela Juhásová, CSc. Organizační garanti: Organizing Commitee: Ing. Zuzana Knetigová Ing. Jana Konôpková, PhD. Ing. Peter Hoťka Ing. Vieroslava Farkašovská Bc. Róbert Šusták Mária Vozáriková ISBN EAN

3 Obsah PREDSLOV...11 HRUBÍK, P.: Dendrologické dni v Arboréte Mlyňany SAV 2008 a Dr. Štefan Ambrózy- Migazzi...14 VREŠTIAK, P., VREŠTIAK, R.: Sempervirenty v zmenených podmienkach prostredia...22 HRAZDÍRA, M., ÚRADNÍČEK, L.: Hodnocení introdukce rodu Chamaecyparis na ŠLP ML Křtiny...28 BEČÁROVÁ, M., FANČOVIČ, B.: Introdukcia, aklimatizácia a adaptácia drevín v Botanickej záhrade SPU v Nitre...38 HOŤKA, P., FOGADOVÁ, K.: Výsledky a zhodnotenie expedície do Číny realizovanej pracovníkmi Arboréta Mlyňany SAV v roku HOŤKA, P., HRUBÍK, P.: Medziročné odlišnosti vo fenológii introdukovaných taxónov Acer sp. v Arboréte Mlyňany SAV...57 TOKÁR, F.: Klimatické podmienky a produkcia nadzemnej dendromasy rovnorodých porastov orecha čierneho (Juglans nigra L.) na Slovensku...67 MOKRIČKOVÁ, J., SALAŠ, P.: Možnosti znižovania stresu zo sucha a ovplyvňovania kvality rastlín pestovaných v kontajneroch KALOČAIOVÁ, M.: Populácie vybraných inváznych drevín na sídlisku Chrenová I v Nitre...83 ŠTRBA, P., GOGOLÁKOVÁ A.: Výškové maximá rozšírenia vybraných druhov drevín na Slovensku...90 FERIANCOVÁ, Ľ.: Nové trendy v záhradnej a krajinnej architektúre RÓZOVÁ, Z., MIKULOVÁ, E., MARKECHOVÁ, D., TIRPÁKOVÁ, A.: Štruktúra vegetačných úprav a jej súvis s typom zástavby LUKÁČIK, I.: Úloha Arboréta Borová hora pre zachovanie genofondu autochtónnej dendroflóry Slovenska ANTALÍKOVÁ, M.: Formy a kultivary buka lesného (Fagus sylvatica L.) v Arboréte Borová hora KOBLÍŽEK, J.: Smuteční vrby pěstované v České republice

4 JEŽOVIČ, V.: Botanické a staré záhradné ruže na Slovensku a ich využitie v sadovníctve GRAMATOVÁ, A.: Formy a kultivary smreka obyčajného (Picea abies L. Karst) v Arboréte Borová hora Technickej univerzity vo Zvolene ROVNÁ, K., BAKAY, L., FILOVÁ, A.: Rod Rosa L. a jeho využitie v sídelnej zeleni LAUROVÁ, S.: Využitie a význam /Ars topiaria/ v histórii záhradnej tvorby HRUBÍK, P., HOŤKA, P., MŇAHONČÁKOVÁ, E., KOLLÁR, J.: Možnosti pestovania sempervirentov v meniacich sa klimatických podmienkach Slovenska KUBA, J., BELADIČOVÁ, Z.: Dreviny vhodné do alejí a stromoradí v urbanizovanom prostredí BENČAŤOVÁ, B., BENČAŤ, T., KOPRDA, J.: Agátové spoločenstvá okolia Arboréta Mlyňany HRUBÍK, P., KOLLÁR, J.: Klimatické zmeny a ich vplyv na dreviny v urbanizovanom prostredí LUPTÁKOVÁ, K., PÚPAVOVÁ, Z.: Starostlivosť o dreviny v urbanizovanom prostredí KUCZMAN, G.: Estetické zhodnotenie drevín v sídle vidieckeho typu KORMUŤÁK, A., GALGÓCI, M., VOOKOVÁ, B., GÖMÖRY, D.: Príspevok k štúdiu fertility medzidruhových hybridov jedlí (Abies sp.) PAGANOVÁ, V., BAKAY, L.: Perspektívy pestovania a reprodukcie jarabiny oskorušovej (Sorbus domestica L.) na Slovensku BAKAY, L., ROVNÁ, K.: Generatívne rozmnožovanie druhov rodu Rosa L OSTROLUCKÁ, M. G., GAJDOŠOVÁ, A., LIBIAKOVÁ, G., ŠIMALA, D., ONDRUŠKOVÁ, E.,: Využitie techník in vitro pri reprodukcii introdukovaných odrôd druhov rodu Vaccinium a skúsenosti s ich pestovaním v podmienkach Slovenska KONÔPKOVÁ J.: Rozmnožovanie vždyzelených rododendronov metódou in vitro VOOKOVÁ, B., KORMUŤÁK, A.: Reprodukcia Abies sp. cestou somatickej embryogenézy

5 GALGÓCI, M., KORMUŤÁK, A., ČAMEK, V., GÖMÖRY, D.: Rastové charakteristiky vybraných medzidruhových hybridov jedlí (Abies sp.) KÁDASI HORÁKOVÁ, M., KORMUŤÁK, A., GŐMŐRY, D.: Porovnanie diverzity jedľových pralesov a obhospodarovaných jedľových lesov pomocou PCR RFLP chloroplastovej DNA DEMANKOVÁ, B., KORMUŤÁK, A.: Analýza procesu introgresie druhov Pinus sylvestris L. a Pinus mugo Turra využitím chloroplastovej DNA ČAMEK, V., KORMUŤÁK, A., GALGOCI, M., GŐMŐRY, D.: Životaschopnosť peľu hybridného roja Pinus mugo x Pinus sylvestris v Habovke vo vegetačných sezónach 2007 a MAŇKA, P., KORMUŤÁK, A., GÖMÖRY, D.: Diferenciácia populácií dvoch príbuzných druhov borovíc Pinus sysvestris L. a P. mugo TURRA (Pinaceae) pomocou izoenzýmov JAKL, J.: Multimediální dokumentace hybridizace Magnolia obovata x M. tripetala BARTA, M.: Obrubnica západná, Leptoglossus occidentalis HEIDEMANN, 1910 (Heteroptera: Coreidae), nový škodca ihličnatých drevín na Slovensku IVANOVÁ, H., BERNADOVIČOVÁ, S.: Hálkotvorní škodcovia na druhoch rodu Acer, Quercus a Ulmus v urbanizovanom prostredí BARTA, M.: Výskyt cecidikolného hmyzu na duboch (Quercus spp.) v podmienkach Arboréta Mlyňany SAV v rokoch KNETIGOVÁ, Z.: Výskum gaštana jedlého (Castanea sativa Mill.) na Slovensku HLAVÁČ, P., KMEŤ, J.: Vonkajšie prejavy poškodenia a chorôb drevín mestskej i prímestskej zelene JUHÁSOVÁ, G., KOBZA, M., ADAMČÍKOVÁ, K., TOMAJKO, M.: Problémy alejových výsadieb drevín vo verejnej zeleni ADAMČÍKOVÁ, K., JUHÁSOVÁ, G., KOBZA, M.: Ohrozenosť drevín hubami rodu Phomopsis KOBZA, M., JUHÁSOVÁ, G., ADAMČÍKOVÁ, K.: Ochrana drevín metódou mikroinjektáže BERNADOVIČOVÁ, S., IVANOVÁ, H., PASTIRČÁKOVÁ, K.: Poškodenia asimilačných orgánov dubov biotickými činiteľmi v podmienkach mestských sídiel

6 BUGALA, M.: Zdravotný stav prirodzených populácií jelše sivej (Alnus incana (L.) MOENCH.) ZOZNAM AUTOROV ZOZNAM ÚČASTNÍKOV

7 OBRUBNICA ZÁPADNÁ, LEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALIS HEIDEMANN, 1910 (HETEROPTERA: COREIDAE), NOVÝ ŠKODCA IHLIČNATÝCH DREVÍN NA SLOVENSKU THE WESTERN CONIFER SEED BUG, LEPTOGLOSSUS OCCIDENTALIS HEIDEMANN, 1910 (HETEROPTERA: COREIDAE), A NEW PEST OF CONIFERS IN SLOVAKIA Marek Barta BARTA, M., 2008: Obrubnica západná, Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Heteroptera: Coreidae), nový škodca ihličnatých drevín na Slovensku. In Zborník referátov z medzinárodnej vedeckej konferencie: Dendrologické dni v Arboréte Mlyňany SAV, Vieska nad Žitavou: Arborétum Mlyňany SAV. s ISBN ABSTRACT In the summer 2007, the alien coreid bug Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (the western conifer seed bug) was observed in the Arboretum Mlynany SAS. The important seed feeder of coniferous trees native to North America was detected on cones of Pinus x schwerinii. During the summer 2008, an occurrence of the western conifer seed bug was studied in collections of conifers in the arboretum and the coreid bug was recorded on 10 pine species (Pinus x schwerinii, P. strobus, P. ponderosa, P. sylvestris, P. nigra, P. mugo, P. flexilis, P. griffithii and P. rigida), 5 spruce species (Picea abies, P. orientalis, P. engelmanii, P. wilsonii, and P. asperata), on California Incense-cedar (Calocedrus decurrens) and on Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Altogether, 156 individuals were collected during the survey (51 adults and 105 nymphs). Basic information on description, life history, host spectrum, symptoms of activity, geographic distribution, and management of the western conifer seed bug is presented in the paper. Key words: Leptoglossus occidentalis, conifers, alien pests, Arboretum Mlynany SAS Obrubnica západná, Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910, je pomerne veľká bzdocha (Heteroptera) z čeľade obrubnicovitých (Coreidae). Pochádza z oblastí západného pobrežia Severnej Ameriky, kde žije v porastoch ihličnatých drevín (Pinaceae) a na plantážach pistácií (Pistacia vera L., Anacardiaceae) (MCPHERSON a kol., 1990). Na ihličnanoch poškodzuje vyvíjajúce sa semená v šiškách a na pistáciách poškodzuje plody 307

8 (CONNELY a SCHOWALTER, 1991). V druhej polovici minulého storočia populácia bzdochy začala expandovať na východ kontinentu (BERNARDINELLI a ZANDIGIACOMO, 2001) a v roku 1999 bola obrubnica dokonca prvýkrát zistená mimo amerického kontinentu. Objavená bola v Taliansku (TESCARI, 2001). V súčasnosti je už rozšírená v južnej, západnej a strednej Európe a zaznamenané boli aj škody v semenárstve lesných drevín. Na Slovensku bol publikovaný prvý výskyt bzdochy v roku 2007 (MAJZLAN a ROHÁČOVÁ, 2007). Podľa autorov nálezu boli jedince pozorované v Bratislave 19. októbra. Obrubnica západná bola zaznamenaná aj na zbierkových drevinách v Arboréte Mlyňany SAV. Prvýkrát bola objavená 2. júla 2007 na mladých šiškách borovice Pinus x schwerinii Fitschen na parcele P54. Na šiškách sme objavili 4 dospelé jedince a 7 nýmf. V priebehu leta sme obrubnicu zaznamenali niekoľkokrát na uvedenej skupine borovíc, vždy po krátkej prehliadke šišiek na oslnenej strane korún sme našli niekoľko jedincov. Bzdochy vytvárali malé kolónie v počte 3-10 jedincov a pri vyrušení sa rýchlo ukryli v korunách borovíc. V lete v roku 2008 sme uskutočnili prieskum výskytu obrubnice na ihličnatých drevinách v zbierkach arboréta. Bzdochu sme zaznamenali na uvedených taxónoch drevín: Pinus x schwerinii, Pinus strobus L., Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Law., Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus nigra Arnold, Pinus mugo Turra, Pinus flexilis James, Pinus griffithii McClelland, Pinus rigida Mill., Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin, Picea abies (L.) Karst., Picea orientalis (L.) Link, Picea wilsonii Mast., Picea engelmanii (Parry) Engelm. a Picea asperata Mast. Počas prieskumu sme hodnotili výskyt škodcu na výhonoch s mladými šiškami na oslnenej strane koruny a bzdochy sme sklepávali do entomologickej siete. Celkovo sme odchytili 156 jedincov z toho bolo 51 dospelých a 105 nýmf. Zo skutočností, že bzdocha bola pozorovaná nezávisle na 2 lokalitách vzdialených zhruba 100 km (Bratislava a Arborétum Mlyňany) už v roku 2007 a že škodca bol zistený aj okolitých krajinách (Maďarsko, Rakúsko a Česká republika), môžeme usudzovať že populácia bzdochy je v súčasnosti aspoň v podmienkach južného Slovenska stabilizovaná. Podľa početnosti odchytených jedincov sa môžeme tiež domnievať, že škodca je v danej lokalite prítomný už niekoľko rokov. V ďalšej časti príspevku uvádzame základnú charakteristiku obrubnice západnej. Morfologický popis Dospelé bzdochy majú ploché telo hnedočervenej farby s charakteristickým žltým vlnitým pásom prechádzajúcim naprieč predných krídiel. Dorzálna strana bruška je žltej alebo svetlooranžovej farby s piatimi priečnymi škvrnami, ktoré sú pozorovateľné pri roztvorených 308

9 krídlach. Celková dĺžka tela dospelých bzdôch je mm a šírka tela je 5-7 mm. Samičky sú väčšie ako samčekovia. Na hlave sa nachádzajú 4-článkové tykadlá, 2 zložené oči a 2 jednoduché očká. Dôležitým determinačným znakom je silne rozšírená tíbia zadných nôh. Stehná zadných nôh sú tiež rozšírené a nesú pevné tŕne. Nymfy sú oranžové alebo hnedé. Vajíčka sú svetlohnedé, valcovitého tvaru, asi 2 mm dlhé a uložené za sebou akoby v retiazke po 4 až 5 kusov (BERNARDINELLI a ZANDIGIACOMO, 2001). Obrázok 1. Dospelý jedinec obrubnice západnej, foto autor Obrázok 2. Nymfa obrubnice západnej, foto autor Bionómia V Severnej Amerike je obrubnica univoltinná, iba v Mexiku sa môže počas roka vyvinúť niekoľko generácií (zvyčajne 3). Prezimujú dospelé jedince alebo staršie nymfy v rôznych prirodzených úkrytoch. Na jar vyhľadávajú hostiteľské dreviny a živia sa vyciciavaním vyvíjajúcich sa kvetov a semien rôznych druhov ihličnanov. Od mája do júna oplodnené samičky kladú vajíčka v rade za sebou na ihlice stromov. Vajíčka kladú v skupinkách po 4 až 5 kusov. Jedna samička môže naklásť v priemere až 80 vajíčok. Nymfy sa liahnu v priebehu 10 dní a živia sa cicaním na mäkkých pletivách šupín mladých šišiek, zriedkavo aj na 309

10 ihliciach. Staršie nymfy a dospelé bzdochy sa živia vyciciavaním endospermu nezrelých semien. Počas vývoja prechádza bzdocha piatimi vývojovými štádiami a dospieva koncom leta. Dospelé jedince novej generácie univoltinnej populácie sa do jesene živia cicaním na dozrievajúcich semenách ihličnanov. Nymfy aj dospelé bzdochy sa objavujú zvyčajne v menších skupinkách na šiškách a vrcholoch výhonkov. Sú pomerne pohyblivé a pri vyrušení rýchlo hľadajú úkryt v korunách stromov. Dospelé jedince pri vyrušení zvyčajne odlietajú. V ohrození obrubnice vylučujú pachové látky charakteristickej vône. V korunách stromov uprednostňuje oslnené polohy. Pred zimou si vyhľadávajú úkryty, kde prezimujú. Zvyčajne zimujú zahrabané v lístí alebo v štrbinách kôry stromov. Občas sa objavujú aj v budovách a rôznych stavbách v blízkosti lesov, kde nachádzajú vhodné podmienky na prezimovanie (KOERBER, 1963; GALL, 1992; WHEELER, 1992; BLATT, 1994; BATES a BORDEN, 2005). Hostiteľské rastliny V pôvodnom areáli rozšírenie bzdocha môže poškodzovať okolo 40 druhov ihličnatých drevín z čeľade Pinaceae, najmä však duglasku (Pseudotsuga menziesii) a rôzne druhy borovíc: Pinus strobus, Pinus resinosa Soland., Pinus ponderosa, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus nigra, Pinus mugo a Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. Poškodzovať môže aj cédre (Cedrus spp.), jedle (Abies spp.), smreky (Picea spp.) a pistácie (Pistacia vera L.). Symptómy poškodenia Vonkajšie príznaky poškodenia semien nie sú pozorovateľné. Poškodené semená sú čiastočne alebo úplne prázdne v závislosti od vývinového štádia semien, v ktorom boli bzdochou poškodené. Pri prázdnych semenách však nie je možné vizuálne zistiť, či sú nevyvinuté z fyziologických, genetických príčin, alebo v dôsledku aktivity obrubnice západnej. Rozšírenie a ekonomický význam Prirodzený areál rozšírenia tejto bzdochy sa rozprestiera na západnom pobreží Severnej Ameriky, od Mexika po južné oblasti Britskej Kolumbie v Kanade (MCPHERSON a kol., 1990). Obrubnica západná bola popísaná v Kalifornii v roku Do roku 1969 bolo jej rozšírenie obmedzené v USA na južné oblasti Britskej Kolumbie, Alberty, Arizony, Nového Mexika a Texasu. V 70. rokoch sa začala šíriť na východ kontinentu, zistená bola v štátoch Illinois a Wisconsin. V 80. rokoch bola už objavená v štátoch Minnesota, Michigan a Ontario, v 90. rokoch v Pensylvánii a New Yorku (BERNARDINELLI a ZANDIGIACOMO, 2001). V roku 1999 bola obrubnica zistená po prvýkrát na európskom kontinente, v severnom Taliansku 310

11 v okolí mesta Vicenza (TESCARI, 2001), kam bola pravdepodobne náhodne zavlečená. Z miesta prvého výskytu sa bzdocha rýchlo rozšírila v Taliansku (VICIDOMINI a PIGNATARO, 2007) a prenikla do susedných krajín (TESCARI, 2001; 2003): Španielska (RIBES a ESCOLÀ, 2005), Francúzska (MOULLET, 2006; DUSOULIER a kol., 2007), Švajčiarska (TESCARI, 2003), Slovinska (GOGALA, 2003), Chorvátska (TESCARI, 2004), Maďarska (HARMAT a kol., 2006), Rakúska (HIPOLD, 2005; RABITSCH a HEISS, 2005) a Nemecka. V Českej republike bola bzdocha po prvý raz objavená 8. októbra 2006 na okne budovy Štátnej rastlinolekárskej správy a druhý nález bol o rok neskôr 23. júla 2007 na borovici čiernej (Pinus nigra) v areáli Mendelovej univerzity v Brne (BERÁNEK, 2007). Na Slovensku bola severoamerická bzdocha zistená 2. júla 2007 v Arboréte Mlyňany SAV a 19. októbra 2007 v Bratislave (MAJZLAN a ROHÁČOVÁ, 2007). L. occidentalis patrí v USA a v Kanade k významným škodcom semenných porastov ihličnatých drevín. Bodavo-cicavými ústnymi orgánmi bzdochy nabodávajú mladé šišky stromov a vyciciavajú endosperm vyvíjajúcich sa semien. Pri silnom napadnutí stromov mladé šišky prestávajú rásť a odumierajú. Ak sú poškodzované mladšie šišky, tak sú škody vyššie a vývoj semien sa úplne zastaví. Bzdochy môžu poškodzovať aj samčie kvety ihličnanov a znižovať produkciu peľu. Obrubnica spôsobuje priame ekonomické škody v produkcii semien semenárskych porastov. Jej pôsobením sa znižuje nielen kvantita, ale aj kvalita semien. V prirodzených podmienkach bzdochy môžu poškodiť 50-80% semien (CONNELY a SCHOWALTER, 1991; BATES, 2000). Klíčivosť poškodených semien duglasky môže klesnúť až o 80% (BATES a kol., 2001). V experimentoch bolo zistené, že 1 bzdocha prítomná na strome počas sezóny spôsobí zníženie počtu životaschopných semien v priemere o 310 kusov (BATES a BORDEN, 2005). Ochrana V USA sa v rámci manažmentu ochrany semenných porastov ihličnanov odporúča sledovať populácia obrubnice. Pri silnom výskyte škodcu sa vykonáva ošetrenie syntetickými pyretroidmi. Z prirodzených nepriateľov sa na znižovaní populácie bzdôch v pôvodnom areáli rozšírenia podieľajú najmä vajíčkové parazitoidy (Gryon pennsylvanicum (Ashmead, 1893), Anastatus pearsalli Ashmead a Ooencyrtus spp.), ktorých využitie sa zvažuje v biologickej ochrane (BATES, 2004; BATES a BORDEN, 2004; 2005). V Taliansku bol vo vajíčkach obrubnice zistený vajíčkový parazitoid Anastatus bifasciatus (Geoffroy, 1872) (CAMPONOGARA a kol., 2003). 311

12 Poďakovanie Príspevok vznikol za podpory agentúr VEGA, projekt č. 2/7166/27 a APVV, projekt LPP č LITERATÚRA BATES, S. L., 2000: Impact of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) on Douglasfir seed production. In J. Econ. Entomol., Vol. 93, p BATES, S.L. a kol., 2001: Effect of feeding by the western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis, on the major storage reserves of developing seeds and on seedling vigor of Douglas-fir. In Tree Physiology, Vol. 21, p BATES, S.L., BORDEN, J.H., 2004: Parasitoids of Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in British Columbia. In J. Entomol. Soc. Brit. Columbia, Vol. 101, p BATES, S. L., BORDEN, J. H., 2005: Life table for Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) and prediction of damage in lodgepole pine seed orchards. In Agr. and Forest Entomol., Vol. 7, p BERNARDINELLI, I., ZANDIGIACOMO, P. 2001: Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann (Heteroptera, Coreidae): a conifer seed bug recently found in northern Italy. In 4th Workshop of IUFRO WP , September 2001, Prague, Czech Republic. BLATT, S.E., 1994: An unusually large aggregation of the western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera: Coreidae), in a man-made structure. In J. Entomol. Soc. Brit. Columbia, Vol. 91, p CAMPONOGARA, P., a kol., 2003: La cimice dei semi americana: unospite indesiderato delle conifere. In Vita in Campagna, Vol. 2, p CONNELY, A. E., SCHOWALTER, T. D., 1991: Seed losses to feeding by Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) during two periods of second year cone development in Western White Pine. In J. Econ. Entomol., Vol. 84, p DUSOULIER, F. a kol., 2007: L invasion orientale de Leptoglossus occidentalis en France: bilan de son extension biogéographique en 2007 (Hemiptera: Coreidae). In L Entomologiste, Vol. 63, No. 6, p

13 GALL, W. K., 1992: Further eastern range extension and host records for Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) well documented dispersal of a household nuisance. In Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 25, p GOGALA, A., 2003: Listonožka (Leptoglossus occidentalis) že v Sloveniji (Heteroptera: Coreidae). In Acta Entomologica Slovenica, Vol. 11, p HARMAT, B. a kol., 2006: First occurrence of the western conifer seed bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann) in Hungary (Heteroptera: Coreidae). In Növényvédelem, Vol. 42, p HIPOLD, A., 2005: Neu für Südtirol: Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Heteroptera, Coreidae). In Gredleriana, Vol. 5, s KOERBER, T.W., 1963: Leptoglossus occidentalis (Hemiptera, Coreidae), a newly discovered pest of coniferous seed. In Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer., Vol. 56, p MAJZLAN, O., ROHÁČOVÁ, M., 2007: Faunistické správy zo Slovenska. In Naturae Tutela, Vol. 11, p MCPHERSON, J. E., a kol., 1990: Eastern range extension of Leptoglossus occidentalis with a key to Leptoglossus species of America North of Mexico (Heteroptera: Coreidae). In Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 23, No. 2, p MOULLET, P., 2006: Un nouveau Coréide en France: Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Heteroptera: Coreidae). In Entomologiste (Paris), Vol. 62, p RABITSCH, W., HEISS, E., 2005: Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910, eine merikanische Adventivart auch in Österreich aufgefunden (Heteroptera: Coreidae). In Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlich-Medizinischen Vereins in Innsbruck, Vol. 92, p RIBES, J., ESCOLÀ, O., 2005: Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910, a Nearctic bug (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Coreidae) found in Catalonia, Spain. In Sessió Conjunta d Entomologia ICHN-SCL, Vol. 13, p TESCARI, G., 2001: Leptoglossus occidentalis, coreide neartico rinvenuto in Italia (Heteroptera, Coreidae). In Societŕ Veneziana di Scienze Naturali, Lavori, roč. 26, p TESCARI, G., 2003: Note sulla diffusione di Leptoglossuso ccidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Hemiptera, Heteroptera) nel territorio vicentino. Studi e Ricerche Associazione Amici del Museo Museo Civico G. Zannato, p TESCARI, G., 2004: First record of Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in Croatia. In Entomologica Croatica, Vol. 8, p

14 VICIDOMINI, S., PIGNATARO, C., 2007: Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Heteroptera: Coreidae) in provincia di Salerno (Italia meridionale). In Il Naturalista Campano, Vol. 35, p. 1-5 WHEELER, A. G., 1992: Leptoglossus occidentalis, a new conifer pest and household nuisance in Pennsylvania. In Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture Bulletin, Vol. 18, p

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