Terrestrial Invasive Species. Susan Burks Invasive Spp Program Coord MNDNR, Forestry

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1 Terrestrial Invasive Species Susan Burks Invasive Spp Program Coord MNDNR, Forestry

2

3 Gypsy Moth Adults (Jul-Sept) Pupae (Jun-Jul) Caterpillars (Apr-Jun) Egg mass (Jul-Apr)

4 Continental Gypsy Moth Quarantines

5 Risk of Tree Mortality (DNR) Risk of Defoliation = Host species + Natural enemies Risk of Tree Mortality = Accumulative stress Defoliation severity & frequency Tree age Drought conditions Disturbance history

6 Adults (Apr-Aug) Emerald Ash Borer Larvae (Jul-May)

7 Thin Tree Canopies Symptoms Woodpecker Feeding

8 EAB Infestations MN, WI & IA Infestation Parallel quarantine State quarantine

9

10 Certified vs Approved Firewood Certified firewood = legal designation per federal regulation Certified firewood is regularly inspected, treatment methods are carefully tested DNR statute only applies to DNR lands DNR vendor approval is based on the honor system - akin to owner allowed

11 DNR Approved Firewood Firewood offered for sale by MNDNR PAT Firewood sold by an DNR approved vendor. Two types of approved vendors: Those selling untreated firewood harvested within 50 miles of the DNR facility where it is to be used Those MDA or APHIS certified Kiln-dried, clean (unpainted & unstained) dimensional lumber free of any metal or foreign substance. Manufactured firewood (ex. pressed sawdust)

12

13 MN Noxious Weed Categories Prohibited/Eradicate: must kill the entire plant (i.e. Yellow star thistle) Prohibited/Control: must prevent reproduction (i.e. Wild parsnip) Restricted: Can not sell or transport (i.e. Buckthorn) Specially Regulated: Regulations depend on the plant (i.e. Japanese barberry)

14 European or Common Buckthorn Restricted Perennial shrub/tree up to 25 feet tall Leaves dark green, smooth, oval, & finely toothed Leaf veins curve toward tip of leaf Produces many small dark blue/black berries Reproduces by seed, cut stumps will resprout Twigs grey with pale lenticels, terminal spine

15 Common Buckthorn Cont. Buckthorn Leaves alternate or sub-opposite. Twigs tipped with sharp thorn. Buds pressed to stem. Leaves with curved parallel veins. Berries black with several seeds Cherry Leaves alternate. Buds often clustered near tips. Leaves with straight parallel veins Berries red or black with single hard seed.

16 Glossy Buckthorn - Restricted Smooth leaf edge, Alternate leaves, 7-9 pair of leaf veins

17 Impacts Forms dense thickets Shades out hardwood regeneration & herbaceous plants Changes soil chemistry Degrades wildlife habitat Hinders land use Correlated with earthworm invasion

18 Time of year Fall: Both buckthorn species hold their leaves later than native trees Spring (May): flowers are small, yellow-green, not very showy Common buckthorn flower Glossy buckthorn flower

19 Oriental Bittersweet Prohibited - Erad Occurs in only two confirmed counties Anoka & Winona (unconfirmed in Houston Co)

20 American bittersweet (native) Leaves similar Oriental bittersweet (invasive) Orange capsules Yellow capsules Fruits & flower at end of branch MDA Photos Fruits & flowers all along branch at leaf axils

21 Japanese Barberry Specially Regulated Small rounded leaves, in clusters above single spines Yellow flowers, in clusters in May Red, egg-shaped berries, in pairs Seeds dispersed by birds Spreads vegetatively - lower branches root freely. Naturalized plants may have green rather than purple leaves.

22 Japanese Barberry Continued Winter characteristics: Purple-red fall foliage on multi-stemmed spiny shrub, 3-6' tall Arching grooved or angular stems.5 spine at each leaf node Berries can persist through the winter

23 Knotweeds Specially Regulated Japanese 6-9 tall Fast growing, hollow, bamboo-like stems Large, alternate simple leaves Tufts of white flowers in Aug & Sept Flower stalks longer than leaf blades Spreads by stem & root pieces & rhizomes

24 Knotweeds Continued Giant >12 ; Bohemian = Japanese x Giant, more likely to produce viable seed Leaves underside hairy on Giant knotweed Bohemian leaf midribs have hairs Giant flower stalks shorter than leaf blades Giant Bohemian Japanese

25 Wild Parsnip Prohibited - Control Biennial, 3-5 ft tall Erect, stout, hollow stems with alternate, compound leaves Yellow flowers in a distinctive terminal umbel Reproduces by seed Compounds in plant can cause severe skin burns

26 Spotted Knapweed Prohibited - Control Biennial, 3-5 tall, stout/branched stems, grey green Upper leaves linear, basal leaves deeply lobed Purple flowers, stiff bracts in June Reproduces by seed

27

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