Ceratocystis fimbriata a new fungal pathogen of kiwifruit in Brazil
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1 Ceratocystis fimbriata a new fungal pathogen of kiwifruit in Brazil Joy Tyson, Mike Manning KiwiNet Workshop, Mount Maunganui, New Zealand. 9 December 2015.
2 Background Ceratocystis fimbriata» Fungus first recorded in 1890» Postharvest rot of Ipomoea batatas (kumara, sweet potato)» Broad host range» Rots of storage roots and corms» Wilt and cankers on many woody plants Wikipedia.com
3 Geographic distribution CABI -
4 Identification Ceratocystis fimbriata perithecia
5 Identification A B C D Ceratocystis fimbriata: A) Perithecial beak, B) ascospores, C) conidia, D) chlamydospores
6 First report on kiwifruit
7 Brazil» Visit affected orchards» Meet with Prof. Acelino Alfenas and staff at Viçosa University who are testing Brazilian isolates on kiwifruit cultivars in Brazil» Align methods of testing» Take part in a workshop on Ceratocystis diseases» Meet international experts on Ceratocystis, including Professor Tom Harrington (Iowa State University)
8 Disease symptoms Leaf wilt and curl
9 Disease symptoms Shrivelled canes
10 Disease symptoms Darkened xylem tissues
11 Observations in Brazil» Kiwifruit was one of the most profitable crops in Brazil» Reduces the number of harvestable fruit» Most affected vines eventually die
12 Means of spread Natural spread is limited:» Soilborne fungus» Root grafts» Potentially some movement by wood-boring beetles Human-assisted spread:» Propagative material» Pruning tools» Other equipment
13 Brazils response to the threat» Focus on hygiene» Resistance testing» Strain identification
14 Brazils response to the threat
15 New Zealand situation» Ceratocystis fimbriata has been known in New Zealand since 1907» Never recorded on kiwifruit» Recorded on kumara» Many different strains/clades of Ceratocystis fimbriata are known worldwide» Host specific?» Geographic isolation?
16 Pathogenicity testing - cultivars Actinidia species Cultivar A. deliciosa Hayward A. chinensis G3 A. deliciosa x G14 A. macrosperma Bounty
17 Pathogenicity testing - isolates Accession Number Collection date Location ICMP 894 Dec Auckland, Mt Albert ICMP 1731 Jul Auckland ICMP 2085 Oct Northland, Ruawai ICMP May 1998 Northland ICMP Jul Northland, Ruawai
18 Inoculation» Five cultivars» Five Ceratocystis isolates + water control» Five plants (replicates) for each treatment
19 28 days
20 Assessments
21 Effect of kiwifruit cultivar on lesion length
22 Effect of Ceratocystis isolate on lesion length
23 Brazil pathogenicity tests
24 New Zealand pathogenicity tests
25 Conclusions» New Zealand Ceratocystis fimbriata strain not pathogenic on kiwifruit» Host specific» Geographic isolation
26 Conclusions» No action needs to be taken to mitigate the threat of the New Zealand kumara strain moving into kiwifruit orchards.» The New Zealand kiwifruit industry does need to be vigilant in monitoring for new Ceratocystis fimbriata strains.» Growers should be alert for symptoms similar to those described from Brazil orchards.
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