CARE Ethiopia's Nutrition at the Center: Contribution of Wild Edible Plants to Nutrition and Resilience

Transcription

1 CARE Ethiopia's Nutrition at the Center: Contribution of Wild Edible Plants to Nutrition and Resilience With Bahir Dar University Wild Edible Plants in Amhara Region of Ethiopia April 20th, 2016

2 Agenda Background Objectives Methodology Major Findings The Way forward: Suggested Strategies 1

3 Background Facts One of the world's eight major Vavilovian centers Primary center of origin & diversity for many crop plants Positive relationship between: Biodiversity Dietary diversity Genetic diversity Food security Realities Globally 7,000 plant species that have been used for food 50% of human food is from maize, wheat, and rice Consequences in Ethiopia: Low-quality diets are common Micronutrient deficiencies is high Food insecurity is a severe 27 % of women = BMI< 18.5 kg/m2 Prevalence of IDA WCBA= 17% 2 April 20, 2016

4 Background Challenges There is a pressing need to confirm this R/S based on Empirical evidence. Studies addressing the contribution of WEPs to human diets are still rare. Huge information deficits on WEPs nutritional properties. Objectives of the Study Identify, prioritize and document existing WEPs Assess knowledge, perception use of WEPs by the community (SSQ FGD) Dietary assessment with 24 hr recall. Proximate and mineral analysis Suggest strategies for future promotion 3 April 20, 2016

5 Methodology - Quantitative Site selection Training of Data Collectors Informant selection o Stratified cluster sampling 440 HH, o Criteria: U2 children & PLWs Data collection in: o Field observation / guided field walk o Collection, Preservation & Identification o Quantitative Dietary assessment 24 hr recall period DDS & WDDS 16 food groups proposed for IDDS 10 food groups proposed for M-WDD Preference ranking of WEPs o Laboratory analysis - Top ranked WEPs AOAC, 2005 & ICP Spectroscopy: "ULTIMA-2"

6 Methodology - Qualitative 12 focus group sessions FGD points: o Community KP about WEPs o WEPs known to the community o Major barriers in accessing WEPs o Major facilitators in accessing WEPs o The availability and consumption of WEPs o The major WEPs they think better contribute for Maternal and child nutrition 5 April 20, 2016

7 Major Findings 2.9 = The M-WDDS of the study area 3.56 = DDS of the children was 100 % = non-diversified diet. 2.4 % =women have animal source foods %= women have VA rich vegetables 54 species of wild plants used as food Most of the wild vegetables are available during the rainy seasons Wild fruits available in the dry seasons. Most of the wild tubers are available throughout the year. WEPs play an important role to compensate shortages. 6 Males and older children have a better access to WEPs than females 389 (88.4%) reported decreasing availability of WEPs WEP consumption NOT linked to wealth Considered to be natural and therefore more healthy The distance from the forest to the house & seasonality limiting WEPs access. Lack of knowledge on how to prepare for consumption (vegetables, spices and root crops) 355 (80.7%) didn t practice any PHP as 345 (78.4%) do not know marketing of WEP April 20, 2016

8 WEPs & Micronutrients The average Ca++ content of analyzed WEPs (36.0 mg/100gm) Comparable with Barely (28mg/100gm) 2-3 folds higher than the Ca content Corn (16mg/100gm), wheat (12mg/100gm) and teff (92.7mg/100gm). This study found WEPs may contribute significantly to the micronutrient requirement of children and mothers. 7

9 Justification to work on WEPs 1. Ethnobotanic surveys and FGD confirm that hundreds of such crops are still to be found 2. Nutritionally rich and are adapted to low input agriculture 3. Increased incomes for the rural poor 4. Ecosystem stability 5. Cultural Identity 8

10 The way forward: Suggested Strategies Gathering and sharing information Little is known about the extent of their: Cultivation Agronomic requirements Local uses and values, and Contribution to local food and nutrition security 9

11 2. Priority Setting: Identification of the species Food Type Protein (%) Fat (%) CHO (%) Energy (Kcal) Iron Mg/100gm Calcium Mg/100gm Teff Wheat (whole) Vegetables Moringa oleifera Physalis peruviana Urtica simensis Fruits Diospyros mespiliformis Tulisa Nuts Ababina

12 3. Promoting Production and Use Advocacy: WEPs that will be promoted for Home Gardens are safe, widely acceptable, nutritious and easy to grow Food Type Dry Season Cold Wet Vegetables Moringa oleifera Physalis peruviana Urtica simensis Fruits 1. Diospyros mespiliformis 2. Tulisa Nuts Ababina 11 April 20, 2016

13 % RDA of U2 children and PLWs From 100gm of Selected WEPS WEPs Energy (Kcal/d) CHO (g/d) % RDA from 100 gm Protein (g/d) Fat (g/d) Ca (mg/d) Fe (mg/d) Zn (g/d) U2 Pw U2 PW U2 Pw U2 Pw U2 Pw U2 Pw U2 Pw Diospyros mespiliformis Tulisa (Local name) Ababina (Local name) Physalis peruviana L Moringa Olifera Urtica simensis April 20,

14 4. Preservation of WEP for extended time period for increased Dietary Diversity Safe, high density WEPs to be promoted for preservation for extended time use in the year: Category Vegetables WEP common name/botanical name Moringa oleifera Jan Feb M ar Apr May Jun Jul A u g Leaf & pod- Raw/Cooked Sun dried/powdered Sep Oct N o v Dec Nut value Physalis peruviana L Sundried/Puree/Juice Raw/Cooked / sauce Urtica simensis Sun dried/powdered Cooked/Boiled Fruit Physalis micrantha Jam Raw/Pickling Local name: Tulisa /Sundried/Jam/picking Raw 13 Nuts Local name: Ababina Raw/Roasted Powdered April 20, 2016

15 5. Women Focused Marketing Marketable WEPs to nearby town cities for IGA by tagging on to other value chains being promoted by CARE Food Type Vegetables Dry Season Cold Season Wet Season Physalis micrantha (Awet) Moringa oleifera (Shiferaw ) Physalis micrantha (Awet) 14 April 20, 2016 Fruits Ximenia americana (Enkoy ) Syzygium guineense (Dokma ) Mimusops kummel (Eshe ) Prunus persica (Kok) Ficus vasta (Warka) Ficus sycomorus (Banba)

16 15 አመሰግናለሁ / Thank You!