Plum cultivars in Sweden. History and conservation for future use.
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1 Plum cultivars in Sweden. History and conservation for future use.
2 Cultivar lists during the 18th century. Privy councillor Gustaf Bonde ( ) Hässelby castle, Stockholm (built in the 1640s) 1709: cold winter (from 600 to 9 trees) 1719: new purchase 1729: Aprikosplommon, Hvita, Röda och Smärre Äggplommon, Hvita och Röda Ungerska, Bogesundsplommon, Damascener, Mirabeller, Spräckliga och Gula Spilling, Pedrigon, Violettes, Reine Claude, Pedrigons Blanche, Drap d Or, Catrine plommon and Diapre. P J Bergius ( ) member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science Speach of fruit gardens 1780 Små Blå Damas Reine Claude (Greengage) Imperial Mirabeller Stora Sviskonplommon Allmänna Röda Plommon Krikon (Damson) Gula Äggplommon
3 19th century. Cultivars on their own root. Allmänt Gulplommon Krikon (Damson)
4 19th century. Grafted cultivars. Reine Claude (Greengage) Gult Äggplommon
5 19th century. Olof Eneroth ( ) Svensk Pomona 1864 Completely neglected as the growing of plums is, one has occasionally not even names for the plum cultivars. Often one is content with such general descriptions as white plum, blue plum, egg plum with the specification of yellow, red and so on. Eneroth describes some 40 cultivars but probably only half of them had been grown in Sweden for a longer period. 1888: Ulriksen at Alnarp has a collection of 300 cultivars.
6 Early 20th century. Commercial orchards with grafted trees. Commercial orchards with trees on their own roots.
7 Commercial plum production with trees on their own root. Orchards were situated mainly in the archipelago of lake Mälaren near Stockhom. Few records. First mentioned in literature Mälarplommon - old cultivar first described by pomologist Carl G. Dahl No need for nurseries. Productive and hardy. Planting distance 4m x 2m. Small, white-yellow fruits, ripening early, rather good tasting. Easy harvest. Sold at casual trading areas (5 litre package). Dessert fruit.
8 The nursery assortment. 1932: 73 cultivars in 54 nurseries 1983: 28 cultivars in 40 nurseries Most popular cultivars 1932: Victoria, Reine Claude d Oullins, Czar, Jefferson, Grön Reine Claude, Experimentalfältets sviskon, Hackman, Rivers Early Prolific, Blått Herreplommon och Allmänt Gulplommon Most popular cultivars 1983: Opal (33), Reine Claude d Oullins (33), Victoria (32), Czar (32), Jefferson (16), Hackman (12), Kirke (10), Gilbert (9), Herman (9).
9 Commercial production. 1955: 2000 tonnes per year. 2015: 250 tonnes per year. Plums are mainly produced in the southern parts of the country. Today s cultivars: Herman, Opal, Jubielum, Victoria, Valor, Emil and Vision.
10 The programme for Diversity of Cultivated plants. Inventories fruit, berry, vegetables and ornamentals. National gene bank for vegetatively propagated horticultural crops.
11 Approximately 50 mandate cultivars of plum. Considered to belong to the Swedish pomological heritage. Chosen to be preserved in the National gene bank. Should either have a long growing tradition in Sweden or be of Swedish origin.
12 Literature Pomology books Eneroth, Olof Handbok i svensk pomologi. 2, Svensk pomona eller Beskrifning öfver ädlare i Sverge på fritt land odlade trädfrukter och fruktträd. Norstedt, Stockholm. Pihl, Axel & Jakob Eriksson Svenska fruktsorter i färdglagda avbildningar. Dahl, Carl G Pomologi, beskrivningar över de viktigaste i Sverige odlade fruktsorterna. Del 2, Päron och plommon. Bonnier, Stockholm. Nilsson, Anton Våra päron-, plommon och körsbärssorter, deras historia, egenskaper och och kännetecken. Karlebo, Stockholm. Other sources of information Annual reports from Swedish Pomology Society (SPF), Reports from Statens trädsgårdsförsök (ST), Alnarp, Reports from Department of Fruit and Berry, Alnarp, Older annual reports from Fruit breeding institute, Balsgård. Articles in old Horticultural Journals. Old textbooks in Pomology. Old nursery cathalogues
13 Where did we find the plum mandate cultivars? Local clonal archives Alnarp Balsgård Swedish Elite Plant Station Inventory findings
14 National gene bank at Alnarp. Each mandate cultivar will be represented with two trees
15 Local clonal archives. Each mandate cultivar will be represented with two trees in a local clonal archive. The allocation of cultivars to local clonal archives reflects where in the in the country the cultivars have been grown.
16 Examples of mandate cultivars.
17 Cultivars from France. Mirabelle de Nancy Bonne de Bry
18 Reine Claude d Oullins Reine Claude Althans
19 Cultivars from England. Rivers Early Prolific Kirke
20 Cultivars from U.S. Jefferson Washington
21 Swedish local cultivars. Västmanlands Rödplommon Skårbyplommon
22 Hackman. Eneroth Hackman (and Jeffersson) Eneroth Hackman
23
24 Hagbyholms Sviskon (Prune). Pihl & Eriksson 1924 Pihl & Eriksson 1924 and fruits from Uppsala botanical garden
25 Elam
26 Experimentalfältets Sviskon (Prune)
27 Cultivars from Alnarp. Emil Opal
28 Cultivars from Balsgård. Anita Jubileum
29 The trademark Green Heritage
30 Plum cultivars sold under the trademark Green Heritage Czar Experimentalfältets Sviskon Herman Ive Jubileum Opal Reine Claude Althans Reine Claude d Oullins Victoria Violetta
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