UNNExT Workshop on Promoting Cross-border Agricultural Trade for Sustainable Development November 2016 Bangkok, Thailand

Transcription

1 UNNExT Workshop on Promoting Cross-border Agricultural Trade for Sustainable Development 28-3 November 216 Bangkok, Thailand

2 Meeting international quality requirements in production and packaging for fresh fruits by Jingtair Siriphanich Ph.D. Department of Horticulture Kasetsart University at amphaeng-saen

3 Outline: - Technology development for quality for the export of tropical fruits - Some lessons learnt and best practices in post-harvest and packaging methodologies for export of fresh fruits to export markets - Challenges and opportunities in meeting the international quality requirements for export of fresh produce

4 Outline: Individual fruit export statistic including key development Durian and longan best practices: HACCP in durian handling, longan SO2 fumigation Longkong export trial to China

5 Durian export quantity & value from TH tons Phytophthora 15 Paclobutrazol 1 5 Cultural Practice Standard Logistic Labor, CC million USD Export quantity (1 tons) Export value (million USD) Source : OAE (Thailand)

6 Dry matter is now the maturity standard for export durians Monthong 32% Chanee 3% Kradum 27% Puangmanee 3%

7 Commercial adoption of durian standard DM (%) /4/2 4/4/2 5/4/2 7/4/2 18/3/3 19/3/3 2/3/3 23/3/4 25/3/4 26/3/4 27/3/4 3/3/4 3/4/4 6/4/4 Export study in Monthong cv.

8 HACCP: Company SS Harvesting Primary sorting Buying, Sorting for size,form and defect Weighing Add sticker Holding overnight Dipping Weighing individual Packing Palletize, Strapping, Stamping Weighing whole pallete Container checking Loading

9 HACCP: Company TH Harvesting Primary sorting Buying, maturity and defect sorting Weighing Cleaning Leave to ripen Sorting for ripeness Add sticker Packing Weighing Palletting Cooling Holding Loading Temperature control in transit

10 Disease control Disease incidence in durians harvested from 3 orchards stored at 15C Storage duration Orchard X Y Z 2 weeks 8.9 b* b 3 weeks 33.3 a b p =.5 DMRT

11 Sangchote, 213 Phytophthora? Phomopsis 6% Lasiodiplodia 28% 2-29% of Phomopsis found to resist to Carbendazim Imazalil 25 ppm, Difeconazole 125 ppm

12 Some facts about Ethephon Release ethylene + 2-hydroxyl ethyl phosphonic acid Not a carcinogen, mutagenic agent (US FDA, EPA) LD5 = 34mg/kg ADI =.3 mg/kg/day MRL Codex: grape, olive 1 mg/kg apple, pepper 5 mg/kg cherry 1 mg/kg EU banned Spanish chilly due to ethephon residue Not registered to use in durian

13 1 Tons SO2 Longan Export Quantity & Value KClO3 Training SO2 CC Million USD $3 $25 $2 $15 $1 $5 $ Source : Office of Agricultural Economics Export Quantity Export Value

14 Treatment 2 days at 2 C/ 95% RH SO 2 residue (ppm) Disease incidence Skin browning 1/ Peel Pulp (Score) L* Chroma Hue Soluble solids ( brix) Control b 29.2 b 62.5 c 17.1 Vertical forced- 93 b 46.7 a 36.7 a 73.9 a 16.7 air(4, ppm) Conventional a 47.4 a 38.9 a 67. b 17.8 (2, ppm) F-test ns * N/A * * * ns CV (%) N/A

15 1 Tons Paclo V-heat Mango Export Quantity & Value Antracnose Bagging Million USD Irradiation $5 $4 $3 $2 $1 $ Source : Office of Agricultural Economics Export Quantity

16 1 tons Young Coconut Export Quantity & Value Cracking $6 Aroma 2mo storage $5 Peeler, Opener Laser guide $4 Sulfite substitute Sulfite residue $3 $ Million USD $1 $ Export Quantity Export Value Source : Office of Agricultural Economics

17 Longkong: Research and Development By Jingtair Siriphanich Department of Horticulture Kasetsart University KamphaengSaen

18 Problems Fungal infection (Kaewson and Sangchote, 23) Browning (Kunjet and Siriphanich,1998) (Lichanporn et al., 29) Fruit abscission

19 Past research Browning Causes water loss ethylene wounding high oxygen (อภ ตา และคณะ, 2546 ; Lichanporn et.al., 29; ส ม ตร, 2541) Browning control 1-MCP 1 ppb High humidity Low oxygen (จร งแท และ จาร ว ฒน, 2547; Lichanporn et.al., 29).

20 Cause of fruit drop Past research <18 o C (อภ ตา และคณะ, 2546) >.5ppm Ethylene (Taesakul et.al., 212) >13 weeks after full bloom (เย นจ ตต และคณะ, 254) Control of fruit drop CaCl 2 4% before harvest (โสภาร ตน, 255) NAA 2 ppm after harvest (น จร นทร, 2554) O 2 5% CO 2 5% (อภ ตา และคณะ, 2546) 1-MCP 1 ppb (จร งแท และ จาร ว ฒน, 2547)

21 % fruit drop Ethylene as low as.5 part per million cause fruit drop ethylene ppm ethylene.5 ppm ethylene.1 ppm ethylene.15 ppm ethylene.2 ppm ethylene 1. ppm Days of storage ethylene 4. ppm

22 Disease symptom from various fungi Control Wounded Phomopsis sp. Lasiodiplodia theobromae Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Fusarium sp. Pleumjit, 215

23 Phomopsis and Lasiodiplodia gave highest ethylene production Pleumjit, 215

24 Semi-commercial scale experiment 212 Ventilation rate trial Ventilation rate.5 room volume/hr Adjusted according to Ethylyene concentration In the cold room

25 Simulation experiment Ventilation rate.8 room vol/hr + KMnO 4

26 Result simulation experiment % score 1 4 A Total drop Browning % score B Water loss 2.5 Off-flavor ว นเก บร กษา ว นเก บร กษา Longkong fruit drop, water loss, browning and off-flavor after storage in container then store at room temperatur for another 6 D C

27 Browning score TSS/TA Maturity influence fruit 8 drop A B weeks after full bloom Total fruit drop (%) wafb 13 wafb 14 wafb Day a b 3 a b Day Total fruit drop (A) Browning (B) of longkong12, 13, 14 weeks after full bloom

28 Total fruit dro[p (%) Longkong from different orchards drop off differently 1 8 KhaoKhitchakut Thamai 2 Thamai 1 Makham 6 ns b 4 2 ns b a ab a Days in transit + holding

29 Browning 5% 1% 2% Consumer response หวาน Aroma ช ดเจน ปานกลาง เล กน อย ไม ม กล น Taste หวาน หวานอมเปร ยว เปร ยวอมหวาน จ ด % Off-flavor ไม ม เล กน อย ม แต ร บได ร บไม ได % Future purchase 1% 8% 6% % %

30 Prochloraz residue in longkong fruit Treatment Days Prochloraz residue (ppm) Conc.(ppm) At 18 C peel pulp None 5 ND <.1 None 1 ND ND Prochloraz MRL1 mg/kg and 7 mg/kg in orange and tropical fruits of which peel are not consumed

31 Improvement needed: More sweet more aroma Less fruit drop Less decay