Assessment of Some Yield Components of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Local Germplasm Collected from Western Romania

Transcription

1 ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC PAPER Emilian MADOŞĂ, Sorin CIULCA, Giancarla VELICEVICI, Lavinia SASU, Diana ŞULEA Assessment of Some Yield Components of Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Local Germplasm Collected from Western Romania Emilian MADOŞĂ, Sorin CIULCA, Giancarla VELICEVICI, Lavinia SASU 2, Diana ŞULEA Banat s University of Agricultural Sceinces and Veterinary Medicine Timişoara, Faculty of Agriculture, Calea Aradului 9, Romania, ( madosae@yahoo.com) 2 Vasile Goldiş University Arad, Faculty of Biology Abstract The plant breeding programs are continuously searching new gene sources subsequently used to improve different characters. The present study refers to the obtained results concerning the value of some pepper local landraces collected from the west part of Romania in order to retrieve old cultivated forms. There have been collected 5 pepper local landraces pertaining to the following groups: green pepper (var. grosum), bell pepper (var. tetragonum), long pepper (var. longum paprika) and hot pepper (var. microcarpum). The collected biological material presented a large variability for all studied characters. In case of green pepper, the most valuable local landraces in terms of fruit weight per plant proved to be Tăgădău AR, Tomantic TM and Dudeştii Vechi TM. In case of bell pepper, remarkable traits were observed for Lovrin TM, Cenad TM Apateu I AR. Regarding paprika, the largest fruits were found in Cermei AR, Zărand AR and Zimand AR. In case of hot pepper, high fruit yields per plant were noticed for the following local landraces: Rieni III BH, Apateu I AR. Key words: Capsicum anuum L., local germplasm, yield components Utvrđivanje nekih komponenata prinosa paprike (Capsicum annuum L.) kod lokalne germplazme sakupljene u zapadnom dijelu Rumunjske Sažetak Oplemenjivački programi stalno traže nove izvore gena koji se koriste za poboljšanje različitih svojstava. U ovome radu su prikazani rezultati proučavanja vrijednosti lokalnih populacija papra skupljenih u zapadnom dijelu Rumunjske radi očuvanja starih kultiviranih formi. Sakupljeno je 5 lokalnih populacija papra koji pripadaju različitim grupama: zeleni papar (var. grosum), zvonasti papar (var. tetragonum), dugi papar (var. longum paprika) I ljuti papar (var. microcarpum). Sakupljeni biološki materijal ima široku varijabilnost za sva proučavana svojstva. U slučaju zelenog papara, najvrednije lokalne populacije za masu ploda po biljci su se pokazale Tăgădău AR, Tomantic TM te Dudeştii Vechi TM. Kod zvonastoga papra, izvanredna svojstva su opažena kod Lovrin TM, Cenad TM Apateu I AR. Kod paprike, najveći plodovi su nađeni kod Cermei AR, Zărand AR i Zimand AR. U slučaju ljutog papra veliki prinos ploda po biljci za slijedeće lokalne populacije: Rieni III BH, Apateu I AR. Ključne riječi: Capsicum anuum L., lokalna germplazma, komponente prinosa Proceedings. 43 rd Croatian and 3 rd International Symposium on Agriculture. Opatija. Croatia ( ) XXX) 380

2 Assessment of Some Yield Components of Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Local Germplasm Collected from Western Romania Introduction The field preservation of local forms started declining as a consequence of the release on the market of new bred varieties with high yielding potential and that are intensely commercialized by breeders. In addition, the increased yield potential requires the use of sophisticated technologies. In the regions with less fertile soils and with economical deficiencies such forms do not express their maximum productiveness. Moreover, the old cultivated forms show high adaptability to local climate and soil conditions and do not require special crop care. (Balkaya et Karaagac, 2006, Lebeda et Boukema, 200, Maggioni, 2004) These forms are extremely important for the breeding process considering that they present important genes such as resistant genes to different biotic and abiotic stress factors. Nevertheless, these local populations evolved as a consequence of long-term guided selection amd preferential multiplication, which led to improvement of yield characters and its quality (Coetzee et al., 999; Kracteva, 200; Silva et al., 200) In case of pepper, the variability of characters was wide. In Romania, pepper is cultivated on large areas and serves for various food purposes. In private gardens, there are usually cultivated local landraces (Madoşă, 2004, Madoşă et al., 200). Material and methods The biological material was represented by collected local landraces and a pepper variety used as control variant. With regard to paprika, the collection was completed with several Hungarian, Serbian and Slovakian varieties (Karmina) (Table ). The study aimed the evaluation of some morphological characters that represent the main yield elements: fruit length (FL), fruit diameter (), mean fruit weight (M), fruit number per plant () and fruit weight per plant (P). Evaluation of variability and the value of studied characters were performed according to the biplot model (Yan et. al., 2003). Table. The origin of the studied biological material Var. grosum Var. tetragonum Var. longum (paprika) Var. microcarpum.cristal (control), 2.Gelu TM, 3.Aldeşti AR, 4.Seleuş AR, 5.Cutina TM, 6.Şimian BH,.Altringen TM, 8.Satchinez TM, 9.Temereşti I TM, 0.Temereşti II TM,.Şiria AR, 2.Girişu de Criş BH, 3.Fiziş BH, 4.Tomantic TM, 5.Rieni I BH, 6.Ceica BH,.Cenad TM, 8.Belinţ TM, 9.Tăgădău AR, 20.Ohaba Lungă TM, 2.Vinga AR, 22.Begheiu Mic TM, 23.Buteni AR, 24.Pordeanu TM, 25.Dudeştii Vechi TM, 26.Chesinţi AR, 2.Rieni II BH.Globus (control), 2.Tăgădău AR, 3.Temereşti TM, 4.Şiria AR, 5.Ohaba Lungă TM, 6.Apateu I AR,.Apateu II AR, 8.Pădureni TM, 9.Valcani TM, 0.Fiziş BH,.Cutina TM, 2.Valea lui Mihai BH, 3.Aldeşti AR, 4.Tomnatic I TM, 5.Tomantic II TM, 6.Dudeştii Vechi TM,.Lovrin TM, 8.Cenad TM, 9.Pordeanu TM, 20.Ceica BH, 2.Şimian BH.Apateu I AR, 2.Buzad TM, 3.Cenad TM, 4.Belinţ TM, 5.Cermei AR, 6.Pocola BH,.Cutina TM, 8.Răchita TM, 9.Arad 6 (control), 0.Kolocsai H,.Csardas H, 2.Szegedi H, 3.Karmina SK, 4.Aleva WK SRB, 5.NS 6 SRB, 6.Seleuş AR,.Mocirla AR, 8.Apateu II AR, 9.Zărand AR, 20.Craiva AR, 2.Zimand AR, 22.Aldeşti AR.Portocaliu (control), 2.Temereşti I TM, 3.Temreşti II TM, 4.Temereşti III TM, 5.Satchinez I TM, 6.Satchinez IV TM,.Aldeşti I AR, 8.Aldeşti II AR, 9.Rieni I BH, 0.Rieni II BH,.Rienei III BH, 2.Apateu I AR, 3.Apateu II AR, 4.Secusigiu AR, 5.Juliţa AR Results and discussion In case of green pepper, (Fig. 3), the graphic sectors grouped three characters in the same area: fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit weight. In this regard, valuable local landraces proved to be Fiziş BH, Şimian BH and Aldeşti AR. It has been also observed from the graphical representation that all these forms developed the largest fruits. Studying the position of character mean towards the origin, the largest variability has been observed for fruit mean weight and fruit diameter whilst the lowest variability for fruit length. An important yield element is also considered fruit weight per plant that registered the highest values for Tăgădău AR land race followed by Tomantic TM and Dudeştii Vechi TM. The largest fruit number per plant was registered for Şiria AR local landraces but with smallest fruits. Large variability was also registered for fruit number and fruit weight per plant. Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production 38

3 Emilian MADOŞĂ, Sorin CIULCA, Giancarla VELICEVICI, Lavinia SASU, Diana ŞULEA Referring to bell pepper (Fig. 2), the largest variability within the collection was registered for fruit weight and fruit number per plant, while the smallest for fruit length. Also for this variety, fruit size and weight were grouped in the same graphical sector that may indicate a correlation between them. The largest fruits were observed for Lovrin TM, Cenad TM and Apateu I AR while the smallest in case of Tomnatic II TM but with the largest fruit number/plant. Fruit weight per plant was found in the same sector of the graphical representation with fruit size and therefore it could be assessed that fruit yield/plant in case of bell pepper depends on fruit size and fruit number. In case of paprika (Fig. 4), the largest fruit were observed for Cermei AR, Zărand AR and Zimand AR local land races. Among characters that determine the fruit size are fruit diameter and fruit weight. Within the collection large variability has been noticed also for number of fruits per plant and fruit weight. These two characters are found in the same graphical sector and are usually correlated. The most productive plants belong to the Hungarian varieties Szegedi and Csardas even though they developed small fruits. With regard to plant productivity, among best local land races were registered Cenad TM, Belinţ TM and Apateu II AR. As for hot pepper (Fig. ), it has been noticed that fruit diameter is separately situated from its length. Fruit diameter is correlated with weight while fruit length influences fruit weight per plant. The largest variability was presented by fruit weight and its diameter while the most reduced variability was registered for fruit weight per plant. PC= 4,5 % = 33,04 % Sum= 80,6 %,5, , FL ,0-3,5-2,5 -,5 4-0,5 0,5,5 2,5 3,5 P 2 4-0,5 3 -,0 0 -,5 PC Figure. Polygon view of the hot pepper highest value for certain traits. PC= 6,06 % = 25,49 % Sum= 86,55 % 5 2,5,5,0 0, FL , ,0 - -,0 0,0,0-0, , ,0 -,5 - -2,5 PC P Figure 2. Polygon view of the bell pepper highest values for certain traits. The different position of fruit number per plant in comparison with other characters clearly demonstrates that fruit yield per plant is not depending on this character. Considering fruit yield per plant, best results were obtained for Rieni III BH and Apateu I AR, these presenting also the largest fruit diameters. In addition, the longest fruits were found for Aldeşti I AR and Juliţa AR local landraces. 382

4 Assessment of Some Yield Components of Pepper (Capsicum Annuum L.) Local Germplasm Collected from Western Romania 3,5 P PC= 5,4 % = 26,4 % 2,5 Sum= 8,4 %,5 FL , ,0 - -,0 4-0,5 0,0, ,5 3,0-2,5-3,5 PC Figure 3. Polygon view of the green paper highest values for certain traits P 3,0 FL 9, , ,5 -,5 20-0,5 5 0,53,5 2, ,0 8 PC= 49,6 % = 30,4 % - Sum= 9,30 % -3,0 PC Figure 4. Polygon view of the paprika highest values for certain traits. Conclusions As a result of evaluation of yield traits for 5 local landraces that belong to four pepper varieties, it has been observed that for all studied traits variability was found and this may be successfully used in the plant breeding program. In case of green pepper, the largest variability was observed for mean fruit weight and fruit diameter while the smallest was registered for fruit length. Relating to bell pepper, the largest variability was observed for fruit weight and fruit number and the smallest by fruit length. With regard to paprika, the character with the largest variability is fruits number and fruits weight/plant and among fruit components, fruit diameter and fruit weight. In case of hot pepper, the largest variability was observed for number of fruits/plant as well as for fruit sizes. Regarding green pepper, the most valuable local land races are de Tăgădău AR, Tomantic TM and Dudeştii Vechi TM relating to fruit weight per plant while the most numerous fruits per plant were seen for Şiria AR. Fiziş BH, Şimian BH and Aldeşti AR. In case of bell pepper the most remarkable forms proved to be Lovrin TM, Cenad TM Apateu I AR, with largest fruits and largest fruit productivity per plant. As for paprika, the largest fruits were registered for Cermei AR, Zărand AR and Zimand AR, while plants with highest fruit yield for Cenad TM, Belinţ TM and Apateu II AR. Hot pepper has registered remarkable results concerning fruit yield per plant and fruit diameter for Rieni III BH and Apateu I AR. Aldeşti I AR and Juliţa local land races presented the longest fruits. References Balkaya A., Kraagac O., (2006). Vegateble genetic resources of Turkey, Journal of Vegetable Science, /4: 8-02 Coeteye C., Jefthas E., Reinten E., (999). Indigenous plant genetic resources of South Africa, In: J. Janick (ed), Perspectives on new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria.: Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production 383

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