Citrus Canker? What went wrong last season? Pamela D Roberts Southwest Florida REC Immokalee April 10, 2012
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1 Citrus Canker? What went wrong last season? Pamela D Roberts Southwest Florida REC Immokalee April 10, 2012
2 Disease Triangle ENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN HOST
3 Disease Triangle ENVIRONMENT Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri PATHOGEN HOST
4 Disease Triangle ENVIRONMENT Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri PATHOGEN HOST
5 Disease Triangle ENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN CITRUS LEAF MINER HOST
6 Disease Triangle ENVIRONMENT PATHOGEN HOST
7 Citrus Canker? What went wrong last season? Did something go wrong?
8 Canker Ratings by Hits
9 HIT
10 Citrus Canker Disease Progress, Valencia 2008
11 Citrus Canker Disease Progress, Valencia 2009 Disease severity diluted because of host growth: Zadoks
12 Citrus Canker Disease Progress, Valencia 2010
13 Citrus Canker Disease Progress, Valencia 2011
14 Citrus Canker? What went wrong last season?
15 Citrus Canker Disease Progress by Hits on Grapefruit, X canker hits at end of 2011 compared to 2010 Final hit level in 2010
16 30-year average high and low temperatures (F) for Immokalee
17 year average high and low temperatures (F) for Immokalee and Maximum, Optimum and Minimum Temperatures for Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Low High Max Optimum Minimum 20 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
18 30-year average high and low temperatures (F) for Immokalee and Maximum, Optimum and Minimum Temperatures for Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Low High Max Optimum Minimum 2011 max 20 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Optimum temperature for Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri started in Feb and ended in Dec
19 30-year Average
20 Rainfall in inches
21 Rainfall and Temperature: significant?
22 Canker Trials 2011 Canker on Valencia Air Temperature Plot (Min, Avg, Max and 7 Day moving Average). Rainfall Totals Dew point temperature Plot (Min, Avg, Max and 7 Day moving Average). Regression Plots Moving average (7 days) air temperature and moving average interpolated canker hits (7 days). Moving total rainfall (7 days) and moving average interpolated canker hits (7 days). Moving average (7 days) dew point temperature and moving average interpolated canker hits (7 days).
23 Valencia 2011 Trial Temperature (Deg C) Citus Canker Hits /1/11 5/1/11 5/31/11 6/30/11 7/30/11 8/29/11 9/28/11 10/28/11 Date (MM/DD/YYYY) 0.00 Min Air Temp Mean Air Temp Max Air Temp Citus Canker (Hits) 7 Day Moving Average
24 Valencia 2011 Trial Total Rainfall (inches) Citus Canker (Hits) /1/2011 5/21/2011 7/10/2011 8/29/ /18/2011 Date (MM/DD/YYYY) 0.00 Daily Rainfall Total Citus Canker (Hits)
25 Valencia 2011 Trial Temperature (Deg C) Citus Canker Hits Apr May Jul Aug Oct-11 Date (MM/DD/YYYY) 0.00 Min DP Temp Mean DP Temp Max DP Temp Citus Canker (Hits) 7 Day Moving Average
26 Citrus Canker Hits Log(Citrus Canker Hits) Valencia 2011 Trial y = 0.05x R² = No statistically significant relationship exists for 7 day rainfall totals verse Log(Canker Hits) DF= 29, F Ratio=1.541, =0.224 Low R 2 (0.050) and only improved slightly with non-log transformed data (0.051) Day Rainfall Total (inches) y = x R² = A statistically significant relationship between 7 day mean air temp and canker hits (non-log transformed) is apparent. DF=29, F Ratio=6.368, =0.017 However the relationship has a low R 2 value of Day Mean Air Temp. (Deg C)
27 Valencia 2011 Trial Citrus Canker Hits y = x R² = Day Mean Dew Point Temp (Deg C) A statistically significant relationship between 7 day mean dew point temp and canker hits (nonlog transformed) is apparent. DF=29, F Ratio=56.772, =0.001 The relationship has a mid range R 2 value of The relationship did not improve significantly with log transformation canker hits (R 2 = ).
28 Conclusion: Did something go wrong? In Immokalee: 2011: Intense rains occurred from late March through October 2011: Temperature was conducive for bacteria growth early in the season and throughout Mean dew point temperature at which the air becomes saturated seemed to be related to canker in 2011 April Early morning fog
29 2012 Is this year a repeat of 2011? Warm weather Isolated rainfall Dew Canker lesions developing for several weeks now in south Florida April Early morning fog
30 Trials to suppress citrus canker in Immokalee
31 Background Trials began in 2007 at the request of a local producer to test claims made by various companies Test various products and programs to suppress citrus canker Not timing trials- 21 day calendar Not to compare different copper materials
32 Product selection criteria Trials were initiated in response to grower asking for independent verification of claims Grower interest IR-4 program Other Researchers My non-citrus trials - Agrichemical companies
33 Goals 1. Identify efficacious materials to integrate into sustainable management programs 2. Three applications per year for canker control
34
35
36
37 Tomato Citrus
38
39 Fungicide Rate (lb or oz per acre) % Metallic Equivalent kg AI/ha oz AI/A Kocide lb Kocide lb Kocide lb Magna Bon 64 oz (100 gal prep, 250 ppm) Magna Bon 51.2 oz (100 gal prep, 200 ppm) Magna Bon 25.6 oz (100 gal prep, 100 ppm) Copper Count N 2 lb Cueva 256 oz Badge X lb
40 Area Under the Disease Progress Curve Commercial Site, Valencia, 2008 ab ab a a b Nutritional
41 Area Under the Disease Progress Curve Commercial site, Valencia, 2009 a bc d d bcd Nutritional
42 Area Under the Disease Progress Curve for Untreated Valencia Trees
43 Greening rating on a scale of 0-9 in untreated plots of canker trial Greening was interfering with canker development
44 Citrus Canker Disease Progress, Valencia 2011
45 Greening Severity Ratings 0= no symptoms;9= tree dead Philip A. Stansly, H. Alejandro Arevalo, Moneen Jones, Katherine Hendricks, Pamela D. Roberts, and Fritz M. Roka
46 Citrus Canker Disease Progress by Hits on Grapefruit, 2011
47 Grapefruit, 2011
48 My reason for doing these trials to evaluate Products and Programs that are being applied to citrus to control canker or mitigate HLB Regalia Serenade Max Actinovate AG Phosphorus acid Sulphur Zinc Oxide
49 Keyplex Saver Kasumin Oil and Copper Citrex In repeated testing, some of these products could be alternated or combined with 0.6 lb metallic Serenade copper or less and still achieve the Phosmax same level of control statistically at Actinovate Kphite Agriphage Regalia
50
51 Summary I think that we all know that canker development is tied very closely to the environment However, changes in management programs for HLB will also impact citrus canker control Copper compounds are currently the most efficacious for canker but many other products are being used
52 Many thanks to Pathology lab members Shea Teems Dr. Katherine Hedricks David Ballesteros Chad Grannis Rod Sytsma Dr. Ryan Donahoo Jake Collins
53 Many thanks to Entomology lab members Robert Reifer Barry Kostyk Dr. Jawwad Qureshi Phil Stansly Mo Jones Grower cooperators and Companies that partially supported these studies with products or grants
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