Prepared by Louise Ferguson, Mark Bell, Mark Henderson

Transcription

1 Prepared by Louise Ferguson, Mark Bell, Mark Henderson

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4 IPM FOR THE DISEASES Verticillium Wilt Armillaria Root Rot (Oak Root Fungus) Alterneria (Late Blight) Botrytis (Blossom, Shoot & Fruit Blight) Panicle and Shoot Blight IPM FOR THE FOLLOWING PESTS Navel Orangeworm Citrus Flat Mite Leaffooted Plant Bugs Plant Bugs

5 Verticillium Wilt Fungal disease causing decline or death in tree Fungus plugs water-conducting tubes in roots Identification: Yellowing of leaves in mid-summer One or more scaffold death Black xylem in center of truck Photos courtesy of: UC IPM, and University of Georgia Plant Pathology

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8 Use resistant rootstocks: Pioneer Gold, Pistacia intergerrimia, UCB 1 Avoid rootstocks: P. atlantica, P. terebinthus Control Use clear solar-strength plastic to Solarize soil for several weeks Does not work if trees are large with lots of shade

9 Damage Alterneria Late Blight Black lesions on leaves and hulls Leaf blight Staining nut shells Identification: Rubbing lesions will leave black spores on the fingers. Photos courtesy of: UC IPM, and University of Georgia Plant Pathology

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11 Causes Flood and sprinkler irrigation Sometimes microsprinklers Control Use subsurface irrigation Adjust irrigation schedule so from August 1 st to 10 th is irrigation free. Harvest mature nuts as soon as possible. Sprays Pyraclostrobin Pristine Azoxystrobin Abound Pyraclostrobin Cabrio

12 Armillaria Root Rot (Oak Root Fungus) Fungus attacks roots Thrives on dead roots Identification: White mould between bark and wood Black damage seen on roots

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14 Black rhyzomorphs

15 Management Options Resistant Rootstocks P. terebinthus P. atlantica x P. intergerrima hybrids Susceptible Rootstocks P. atlantica P. intergerrima

16 Botrytus (Blossom, Shoot & Fruit Blight) Damage Death of young shoots Cankers on current or 2 year old wood Often affects male trees more severe Identification: Early Spring new shoots die with wilted leaves still attached. Flagging. Photos courtesy of: UC IPM, and University of Georgia Plant Pathology

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18 Orchard Sanitation Remove and destroy infected shoots or fruit bunches. Sprays Consider spray treatment if spring is cool and wet. Fenhexamid Elevate Pyraclostrobin Pristine

19 Panicle and Shoot Blight (Botryosphaeria dothidea) Damage Death of vegetative and fruiting shoots Cankers Can cause leaf blight Identification: Blackened shoots and stems of compound leaves (May June) BUDMON tests (early March) Photos courtesy of: UC IPM, and University of Georgia Plant Pathology

20 Black Shoot Black Leaf stem

21 Pruning Remove and destroy infected shoots in Summer. Irrigation Lower sprinklers so water does not reach canopy Irrigate only in the day time for 12 for 2 consecutive days Fungicide Sprays PYRACLOSTROBIN Pristine TRIFLOXYSTROBIN Gem AZOXYSTROBIN Abound

22 Destructive caterpillar of pistachios and other fruits and nuts. Pest burrows into and feeds on nuts once hull splits Identification Crescent shape Cream color with dark red head

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26 Cultural Control Remove all un-harvested nuts in fall Including nuts on ground Harvest nuts as early as possible Delayed harvesting allows orangeworm more time Biological Control Releases of Goniozus legneri

27 Sprays Entrust (Spinsosad) with wasps Inteprid (METHOXYFENOZIDE) Brigade (BIFENTHRIN) Ambush/Pounce (PERMETHRIN)

28 Damage Feeds on early season nuts Blacken and drop Feeds on mature nuts Pin points through hard shell. Entire nut darkens Entire nut clusters are usually affected

29 Identification Shield-shaped, about 2 cm length Brown with white stripe across the back Expanded back legs

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31 Cultural Control Remove debris to reduce overwintering insects Monitor Look for dropped small black nuts clusters on ground in April and May Sprays PERMETHRIN Pounce, Ambush BIFENTHRIN Brigade CYFLUTHRIN Baythroid XL

32 Feeds on leaf clusters and nuts Stems and nuts can shrivel Identification Slow moving Flat Oblong Red brown or red

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34 Sprays Best to spray when mites are present but before shriveling occurs. SULFUR DUST WETTABLE SULFUR

35 Feeds on young nuts (April May) Once nut is hard in shell, they are finished Nuts blacken and fall Hulls turn brown Identification Small triangle on back

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38 Careful cover crop management to keep populations down Either eliminate all grasses and weeds Or maintain monitoring strips Or grow trap crops and then spray Or use unattractive cover crops

39 Sprays Spray the ground only if bugs aren t in tree foliage. Don t spray after May, as the shells are hard and the insect is no longer damaging PERMETHRIN Ambush and Pounce BIFENTHRIN Brigade CYFLUTHRIN Baythroid XL CARBARYL Sevin

40 Statewide Pesticide Program. - UC ANR IPM Images

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