SWD Identification Key Characteristics. Drosophila suzukii Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) SWD Fruit Hosts

Transcription

1 SWD Identification Key Characteristics Black spot on male s wings; can be a light colored spot. Two black combs parallel on front legs Male Female She inserts her sawlike device (ovipositor) into ripening fruits and lays eggs; typically it is tucked under her posterior. Drosophila suzukii Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) Up-to-date information on OSU website Scouting information for Western WA: Prepared by A.J. Dreves SWD Fruit Hosts Most preferred* Cherries Blueberries Raspberries Blackberries Boysenberries Strawberries Grapes *some fruit crops may not be affected by SWD under certain environmental conditions or because of specific commercial management practices Other hosts Peaches Nectarines Asian Plums Plumcots Satsyma Plums Elderberry Kiwi, Figs Italian Prunes Persimmon Asian Pears Bev Gerdeman SWD has 4 stages of life: egg, larvae, pupae, and adult. They prefer intact, on-the-plant, ripe to ripening fruit. SWD is noted to spend the winter as an adult on borders or perimeters in protected areas. Adults become active in the spring when temp. increases.

2 SWD Identification Key Characteristics Black spot on male s wings; can be a light colored spot. Two black combs parallel on front legs Male Female She inserts her sawlike device (ovipositor) into ripening fruits and lays eggs; typically it is tucked under her posterior. Drosophila suzukii Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) Up-to-date information on OSU website Scouting information for Western WA: Prepared by A.J. Dreves SWD Fruit Hosts Most preferred* Cherries Blueberries Raspberries Blackberries Boysenberries Strawberries Grapes *some fruit crops may not be affected by SWD under certain environmental conditions or because of specific commercial management practices Other hosts Peaches Nectarines Asian Plums Plumcots Satsyma Plums Elderberry Kiwi, Figs Italian Prunes Persimmon Asian Pears Bev Gerdeman SWD has 4 stages of life: egg, larvae, pupae, and adult. They prefer intact, on-the-plant, ripe to ripening fruit. SWD is noted to spend the winter as an adult on borders or perimeters in protected areas. Adults become active in the spring when temp. increases.

3 SWD Monitoring TRAPS Monitoring Traps Assembling Trap Obtain clear 32oz durable plastic cup with lid. Drill 1/8 holes (approx 10) right under the rim of the cup; leave a 3 area free on one side for pouring out. Add approx. 1.5 of pure apple cider vinegar + a drop of non-fragrant dish soap to break surface tension. Placing Trap Begin monitoring early with baited traps, when daytime air temperatures are higher than 50 F for several days, and/or before fruit set. Hang or place trap on shady or cooler side of plants. To hang, use either heavy wire to hang cup from plant, or attach a loop of gutter mesh to post to hold cup. Servicing Trap Check traps once per week. Filter out male and female SWD flies from for identification. Male flies are the easiest to distinguish from other flies (black spot on each wing). Use a hand lens or OptiVisor to better see spots on male s wings. Dump away from plants. Recording Fly Numbers Record weekly SWD male flies (and female flies if trained) in a record book. in bag and add sugar Extracting SWD Larvae from fruit in tray and cover with Damage from SWD Juice can exude out SWD egg hole. Collect suspicious fruit with potential SWD larvae Prepare a Salt-Water (1/4 cup plain salt: 4 cups water). in shallow white pan. Cover fruit with dissolved. OR Prepare a Sugar-Water (3/4 cup sugar: 4 cups water). in zip-loc bag with crushed fruit. Add sugar-water to cover and stir mixture. After minutes, SWD larvae will exit from egglaying holes; some will float to the top and separate out from fruit that sinks to the bottom. Detection of small larvae (1mm) may require the use of a magnifying hand lens and good lighting. Look for oviposition scarring or spotting on fruit surface. Fruit can collapse at scarring site 2-3 days after egg laying Fruit will soften and bruise. Mold can occur at damaged site. Two small hair-like filaments are attached to egg that stick out of fruit at egg-laying site. Look closely for small white larvae inside fruit.

4 SWD Monitoring TRAPS Monitoring Traps Assembling Trap Obtain clear 32oz durable plastic cup with lid. Drill 1/8 holes (approx 10) right under the rim of the cup; leave a 3 area free on one side for pouring out. Add approx. 1.5 of pure apple cider vinegar + a drop of non-fragrant dish soap to break surface tension. Placing Trap Begin monitoring early with baited traps, when daytime air temperatures are higher than 50 F for several days, and/or before fruit set. Hang or place trap on shady or cooler side of plants. To hang, use either heavy wire to hang cup from plant, or attach a loop of gutter mesh to post to hold cup. Servicing Trap Check traps once per week. Filter out male and female SWD flies from for identification. Male flies are the easiest to distinguish from other flies (black spot on each wing). Use a hand lens or OptiVisor to better see spots on male s wings. Dump away from plants. Recording Fly Numbers Record weekly SWD male flies (and female flies if trained) in a record book. in bag and add sugar Extracting SWD Larvae from fruit in tray and cover with Damage from SWD Juice can exude out SWD egg hole. Collect suspicious fruit with potential SWD larvae Prepare a Salt-Water (1/4 cup plain salt: 4 cups water). in shallow white pan. Cover fruit with dissolved. OR Prepare a Sugar-Water (3/4 cup sugar: 4 cups water). in zip-loc bag with crushed fruit. Add sugar-water to cover and stir mixture. After minutes, SWD larvae will exit from egglaying holes; some will float to the top and separate out from fruit that sinks to the bottom. Detection of small larvae (1mm) may require the use of a magnifying hand lens and good lighting. Look for oviposition scarring or spotting on fruit surface. Fruit can collapse at scarring site 2-3 days after egg laying Fruit will soften and bruise. Mold can occur at damaged site. Two small hair-like filaments are attached to egg that stick out of fruit at egg-laying site. Look closely for small white larvae inside fruit.

5 To Access Scouting Data WSU Scouting Program Anonymous scouting data from raspberry and blueberry fields, consisting of total trap numbers, can be accessed online at: Fields are scouted weekly; trap counts are updated by 6:00 PM on the day the trap was checked. Please visit the website above for more detailed information on this project. WSU Extension received funding from the Washington Blueberry & Red Raspberry Commissions and the Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration to collect trap data in cooperating grower fields. Shaded areas in the map above indicate which counties contain fields participating in the project. SWD SWAT Team Washington State University (Western WA): Lynell Tanigoshi - Mount Vernon REC Colleen Burrows, Dan Coyne,Chris Benedict - Whatcom County Extension Don McMoran - Skagit County Extension Andrew Corbin - Snohomish County Extension Washington State University (Eastern WA): Doug Walsh, Elizabeth Beers Oregon State University (SWD project directors): Amy Dreves, Vaughn Walton, Peter Shearer, British Columbia: Tracy Hueppelheuser, Mark Sweeney SWD Management Plan Set-up monitoring traps. Place trap in shady cool part of the plant, when ambient air temp. are higher than 50 F for several days and before fruit colors. Control flies before they lay eggs. Refer to management and pesticide document on SWD website. Fruit starts to be susceptible when they begin to color. Include sanitation in your IPM program. Properly dispose of or destroy infested fruit that falls on the ground or remains on plant to reduce breeding sites and food sources for SWD (e.g. solarizing, bagging) Check fruit for larvae. Use Salt or Sugar Methods for extracting larvae (see website) Harvest fruit in a timely manner. Avoid SWD egg-laying Rotate pesticides avoid resistance Observe pre-harvest and re-entry intervals. Target fruit zone with good coverage. Follow pesticide label, it s the law.

6 To Access Scouting Data WSU Scouting Program Anonymous scouting data from raspberry and blueberry fields, consisting of total trap numbers, can be accessed online at: Fields are scouted weekly; trap counts are updated by 6:00 PM on the day the trap was checked. Please visit the website above for more detailed information on this project. WSU Extension received funding from the Washington Blueberry & Red Raspberry Commissions and the Washington State Commission on Pesticide Registration to collect trap data in cooperating grower fields. Shaded areas in the map above indicate which counties contain fields participating in the project. SWD SWAT Team Washington State University (Western WA): Lynell Tanigoshi - Mount Vernon REC Colleen Burrows, Dan Coyne,Chris Benedict - Whatcom County Extension Don McMoran - Skagit County Extension Andrew Corbin - Snohomish County Extension Washington State University (Eastern WA): Doug Walsh, Elizabeth Beers Oregon State University (SWD project directors): Amy Dreves, Vaughn Walton, Peter Shearer, British Columbia: Tracy Hueppelheuser, Mark Sweeney SWD Management Plan Set-up monitoring traps. Place trap in shady cool part of the plant, when ambient air temp. are higher than 50 F for several days and before fruit colors. Control flies before they lay eggs. Refer to management and pesticide document on SWD website. Fruit starts to be susceptible when they begin to color. Include sanitation in your IPM program. Properly dispose of or destroy infested fruit that falls on the ground or remains on plant to reduce breeding sites and food sources for SWD (e.g. solarizing, bagging) Check fruit for larvae. Use Salt or Sugar Methods for extracting larvae (see website) Harvest fruit in a timely manner. Avoid SWD egg-laying Rotate pesticides avoid resistance Observe pre-harvest and re-entry intervals. Target fruit zone with good coverage. Follow pesticide label, it s the law.