Chuck Chimera Data Entry Person: Chuck Chimera WRA Score 1

Transcription

1 Famil: Arecaceae Taxo: Arega tremula Som: Arega midoresis Becc. Carota tremula Blaco (basiom) Saguerus midoresis (Becc.) O. F. Cook Wallichia tremula (Blaco) Mart. Commo Name: Philippies dwarf sugar palm Questioaire : curret Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: EVALUATE Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, = Does the species have weed races? =1, = Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, = Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 Prit Date: 8/4/2012 Arega tremula (Arecaceae) Page 1 of 7

2 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, = Hbridizes aturall =1, = Self-compatible or apomictic =1, = Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, = Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, 4+ ears = Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, = Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, = Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, = Propagules water dispersed =1, = Propagules bird dispersed =1, = Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, = Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, = Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, = Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, = Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, = Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: EVALUATE WRA Score 1 Prit Date: 8/4/2012 Arega tremula (Arecaceae) Page 2 of 7

3 Supportig Data: Elliso, D./Elliso, A.. Cultivated palms of the world. UNSW Press, Sde. [Is the species highl domesticated? No] No evidece WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA Huag, T.-C.. Flora of Taiwa Secod Editio. Volume 5. Agiosperms Moocotledos [Alismataceae - Triuridaceae]. Departmet of Bota, Natioal Taiwa Uiversit, Taipei, Taiwa Elliso, D./Elliso, A.. Cultivated palms of the world. UNSW Press, Sde Elliso, D./Elliso, A.. Cultivated palms of the world. UNSW Press, Sde. [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Souther Japa (Kushu, the Rukus ad Yakushima) ad tropical Asia. Taiwa, low elevatios, thought the islad." [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-High] "Edemic to the Philippies, this elegat clusterig palm grows i thick clumps of small to medium height." "Requirig a tropical to subtropical climate, it has moderate to high light ad water eeds." [Qualit of climate match data 2-High] ASEAN Tropical Plat Database. Arega tremula (Blaco) Merr.. o=205 [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No] "Edemic to the Philippies (Luzo, Midoro); i secodar forests ad thickets at low altitudes." Dave's Garder. PlatFiles: Philippie Dwarf Sugar Palm - Arega tremula Huag, T.-C.. Flora of Taiwa Secod Editio. Volume 5. Agiosperms Moocotledos [Alismataceae - Triuridaceae]. Departmet of Bota, Natioal Taiwa Uiversit, Taipei, Taiwa Elliso, D./Elliso, A.. Cultivated palms of the world. UNSW Press, Sde. [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No] "Hardiess: USDA Zoe 9b: to -3.8 C (25 F) USDA Zoe 10a: to -1.1 C (30 F) USDA Zoe 10b: to 1.7 C (35 F) USDA Zoe 11: above 4.5 C (40 F)" [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Souther Japa (Kushu, the Rukus ad Yakushima) ad tropical Asia. Taiwa, low elevatios, thought the islad." [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Edemic to the Philippies, this elegat clusterig palm grows i thick clumps of small to medium height." "Requirig a tropical to subtropical climate, it has moderate to high light ad water eeds." Meerow, A.W.. Salvagig Hurricae- Damaged Palms i the Nurser. ENH 106. [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Itroduced i Florida] Istitute of Food & Agricultural Scieces, Uiversit of Florida, Gaiesville, FL ERY/EP06400.pdf Starr, F./Starr, K.. Plats of Hawaii - Arega tremula. ga+tremula&o=plats [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Cultivated i Hawaii] "Habit Hilo, Hawaii" Radall, R.P.. The itroduced flora of Australia & its weed status. CRC for Australia Weed Maagemet, Gle Osmod, Australia Evirometal Horticulture Program. Cultivated Plats of Palm Beach Cout. Palm Beach Commuit College, Palm Beach, FL df Radall, R.P.. The itroduced flora of Australia & its weed status. CRC for Australia Weed Maagemet, Gle Osmod, Australia [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Itroduced ito Australia] [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? Yes] "Sugar Palm is just oe of multiple Arega species cultivated i South Florida. Dwarf Sugar Palm (Arega tremula) from the Philippies is smaller (12 tall) with log leaves risig to 20, regrowig from basal suckers after the mai truk dies postflowerig." [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece] Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Kha, N./Fl, [Naturalized beod ative rage? No evidece i Hawaiia Islads] T.. Hawaiia Vascular Plat Updates: A Supplemet to the Maual of the Flowerig Plats of Hawai`i & Hawai`i's Fers & Fer Allies. iaflora/supplemet.htm Prit Date: 8/4/2012 Arega tremula (Arecaceae) Page 3 of 7

4 Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex Radall, R.P.. The itroduced flora of Australia & its weed status. CRC for Australia Weed Maagemet, Gle Osmod, Australia Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex Radall, R.P.. The itroduced flora of Australia & its weed status. CRC for Australia Weed Maagemet, Gle Osmod, Australia Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex Radall, R.P.. The itroduced flora of Australia & its weed status. CRC for Australia Weed Maagemet, Gle Osmod, Australia Biggeli, P.. The East Usambaras (Tazaia) - The Pearl of Africa. Aliea. 10: [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No evidece] [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No evidece] [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? No evidece] [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2)? No evidece] [Evirometal weed? No evidece] [Evirometal weed? No evidece] [Cogeeric weed? Possibl A. piata] "Casual observatios at two other locatios idicate that other species, hitherto ot thought to be ivadig, are also spreadig ito atural forest icludig two tree species, Castilla elastica ad Arega piata, ad a bamboo." Dawso, W./Mdolwa, A.S./Burslem, D.F.R.P./Hulme, P.E.. Assessig the risks of plat ivasios arisig from collectios i tropical botaical gardes. Biodiversit ad Coservatio. 17: [Cogeeric weed? Possibl A. piata] "Table 5 Spreadig species with kow platig histor i ABG...Arega piata...naturalised or Ivasive elsewhere: Yes" Huag, T.-C.. Flora of Taiwa Secod Editio. Volume 5. Agiosperms Moocotledos [Alismataceae - Triuridaceae]. Departmet of Bota, Natioal Taiwa Uiversit, Taipei, Taiwa The StuartXchage.. Philippie Medicial Plats - Gumaaka WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Allelopathic? Ukow] USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN) The StuartXchage.. Philippie Medicial Plats - Gumaaka Dichoso, W.C.. Useful Plat Species with Toxic Substaces (A Compilatio). Research Iformatio Series o Ecosstems 21(3). Departmet of Eviromet ad Natural Resources, Lagua Elliott, M.L./Broschat, T.K.. Gaoderma Butt Rot of Palms. Fact Sheet PP-54. Istitute of Food ad Agricultural Scieces, Uiversit of Florida, Gaiesville, FL [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No] "Large evergree shrubs, mooecious (dioecious?); truks to 36 clustered, ofte bet i age, m tall, cm i diam. Leaves odd piate, m log, m wide; leaflet iduplicate liear to laceolate, cm log, cm across, thick paper, pairs, evel spaced, glaucous, black dots o lower surface, margis irregularl serrulate, with 1 oblique auricle at base; termial leaflet coate with 2 or 3 lateral leaflets, resemblig a fish tail at apex; rachis gree with fie black dots; petiole gree with black dots, m log, 2 cm across, cross sectios roud apicall, cocave at base; margi of sheath with black fibrous ettig." [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No] "Ulike the kaog, Gumaaka is a small, trukless palm with thick ad advetitious roots. Stems are ot log, but relativel sleder ad occurrig i clumps. Leaves are up to 5 to 8 meters log, spreadig, with petioles 1 to 2 meters log, gree, chaeled alog the base where the edges are frigede with black, ascedig bristlelike fibers. The leaflets are liear, varig from 50 to 80 cm log ad 1.5 to 4 cm wide, sometimes partiall uited at the apex, opposite or i alteratig pairs, subglaucous udereath, the costricted base with a small lobe, trucate apex fiel toothed, the midrib ridged beeath." [Parasitic? No] Arecaceae [Upalatable to grazig aimals? Ukow] "The bud (ubod), eate i cosiderable quatit, is itoxicatig followed b log periods of profoud sleep." [Refers to huma cosumptio] [Toxic to aimals? Possibl] "Plat parts with toxic substace: Fruit Active priciple: Raphides are cotaied i the pericarp. Toxic effects Fruit juice produces irritatio, ad blisters upo cotact with ski." [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? Possibl] "Palms are foud throughout Florida i both atural ad ladscaped settigs. Oe of the lethal diseases of palms is Gaoderma butt rot. I geeral, a plat disease has three requiremets the susceptible host, the virulet pathoge ad a eviromet that is coducive for disease developmet." "Table 1. Palms documeted to have bee ifected with Gaoderma zoatum" [Icludes Arega tremula] Prit Date: 8/4/2012 Arega tremula (Arecaceae) Page 4 of 7

5 Dichoso, W.C.. Useful Plat Species with Toxic Substaces (A Compilatio). Research Iformatio Series o Ecosstems 21(3). Departmet of Eviromet ad Natural Resources, Lagua The StuartXchage.. Philippie Medicial Plats - Gumaaka. [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? Yes] "Fruit juice produces irritatio, ad blisters upo cotact with ski." [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? Yes] "Fruit is poisoous ad cotais irritatig raphides i the pericarp." Betrock's Palm World. Arega tremula. [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? Yes] "The fruits of all Arega species cotai high cocetratios of irritatig calcium oxalate crstals." Dave's Garder. PlatFiles: Philippie Dwarf Sugar Palm - Arega tremula. [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? Yes] "Dager: Seed is poisoous if igested" Gra, M.. Palms: Arega tremula. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No] "Habitat: Philippie raiforest" [No evidece from ative rage that A. tremula cotributes to fire frequec or is adapted to fire proe regimes] tml Chou, F.-S./Liao, C.-K./Yag, Y.-P.. [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Presumabl Yes. Foud Classificatio ad Ordiatio of Evergree Broad- i groud laer of multi-tiered forest] "This associatio is cofied to hillsides or Leaved Forest i the Middle ad Upper Watershed of the Na-Tze-Shia Stream i Southwester Taiwa. Taiwaia. 52(2): broad ridge with ragig altitudes from 900 to 1300 m. This is mail idicated b Castaopsis formosaa (Table 1). The caop is primaril formed b tall Castaopsis formosaa, Machilus philippiese, with some Beilschmiedia erthrophloia ad Machilus kusaoi. The subcaop laer is domiated b Turpiia formosaa, Glcosmis citrifolia ad Viburum odoratissimum. The groud laer is mail composed of Elatostema lieolatum, Calamus quiquesetiervius, Arega tremula, Bolbitis cotamias, Lepidagathis formosesis, Alocasia odora ad Colsis wrightii." Gra, M.. Palms: Arega tremula. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), tml [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Yes] " Likes full su, or light shade." South-Florida-Plat-Guide.com. Arega Palm - Arega egleri/arega tremula. [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Yes] "Though full su is fie - where it will grow slightl faster - the arega keeps its best deep gree color i partial to full shade." Betrock's Palm World. Arega tremula. [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? Yes] "SOIL REQUIREMENTS: Widel adaptable" Gra, M.. Palms: Arega tremula. PACSOA (Palm ad Ccad Societ of Australia), tml [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] "A trukless, clumpig feather palm, to about 3m high. " Fosberg, F.R.. Notes o the Vegetatio of Iriomote-Zima Ruku Islads. Sciece bulleti of Agriculture & Home Ecoomics Divisio, Uiversit of the Rukus. 4: Nickret, D.L./Barceloa, J./Pelser, P./Molia, J.E./Callado, J.R.. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippies Nickret, D.L./Barceloa, J./Pelser, P./Molia, J.E./Callado, J.R.. Co's Digital Flora of the Philippies. [Forms dese thickets? A compoet of thicket vegetatio] "If the hills are of limestoe, the are covered b dese thickets i which Ficus, Arega, Pipturus, Hibiscus, Erthria, Macaraga, Melaolepis, Padaus, Mallotus, Pouteria, Ccas, Musa, ad Alocasia. are promiet." [Forms dese thickets? Part of thicket vegetatio] "Low altitude thickets ad secodar forests, occurrig i large clumps." [Aquatic? No] "Low altitude thickets ad secodar forests, occurrig i large clumps." [Terrestrial] USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources [Grass? No] Arecaceae Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN) USDA ARS Natioal Geetic Resources [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] Arecaceae Program. Germplasm Resources Iformatio Network - (GRIN) ASEAN Tropical Plat Database. Arega tremula (Blaco) Merr.. [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No] "Habit Clusterig, large shrubb palm to 4 m high, stems few, to 6 cm i diameter ear the base, taperig; covered with old, shredded leaf sheaths." o=205 Prit Date: 8/4/2012 Arega tremula (Arecaceae) Page 5 of 7

6 Palm & Ccad Societies of Florida, Ic.. Arega tremula. [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No] "Coservatio status: Not threateed" ega_tremula.htm Meerow, A.W.. Salvagig Hurricae- Damaged Palms i the Nurser. ENH 106. Istitute of Food & Agricultural Scieces, [Produces viable seed? Yes] "Palm Seed Germiatio Time, Part 1 (compiled b A.W. Meerow)" "Arega tremula" "Germiatio Time - Uevel over ma moths" Uiversit of Florida, Gaiesville, FL ERY/EP06400.pdf Dichoso, W.C.. Useful Plat Species with Toxic Substaces (A Compilatio). Research Iformatio Series o Ecosstems 21(3). Departmet of Eviromet ad Natural Resources, Lagua [Produces viable seed? Yes] "Propagatio: Seeds" Dave's Garder. PlatFiles: Philippie Dwarf Sugar Palm - Arega tremula Utami, N.. Natural hbrid betwee Arega piata ad A. obtusifolia i Bogor Botaical Garde (Idoesia). Berita Biologi (Idoesia). 3: Huag, T.-C.. Flora of Taiwa Secod Editio. Volume 5. Agiosperms Moocotledos [Alismataceae - Triuridaceae]. Departmet of Bota, Natioal Taiwa Uiversit, Taipei, Taiwa Haasaka, D./Fujiwara, K.. Habitat Differeces ad Spatial Distributio Patters of Maritime Strad Forest ad Adjacet Ilad Forest o Subtropical Iriomote Islad, Souther Japa. Ecotropica. 13: [Produces viable seed? Yes] "Propagatio Methods: From seed; germiate i vitro i gelati, agar or other medium" [Hbridizes aturall? Ukow] "The morpholog ad leaf aatom of three collectios of Arega sp. of ucertai idetit, grow i the Bogor Botaical Gardes (Idoesia) are ivestigated ad compared with those of Arega piata ad Arega obtusifolia. Results showed that the characteristics of those collectio oscillate betwee A. piata ad A. obtusifolia. It is suggested cosequetl that the plats represet a atural hbrid of these two latter species." [Other members of the geus ma be able to hbridize] [Self-compatible or apomictic? Ukow] "Large evergree shrubs, mooecious (dioecious?);" [Self-compatible or apomictic? Possibl No] "TABLE 1. Numbers of idividuals i each growth stage for each species i the stud plot (0.14 ha), plus selected species characteristics." "Arega tremula" "Flower tpe - Dioecious" Hederso, A.. A Review of Polliatio [Requires specialist polliators? No] "Fisher ad Moore (1977) described Studies i the Palmae. Botaical Review. 52: 221- iflorescece morpholog ad developmet of Arega tremula (Blaco) Becc., a 259. hapaxathic protadrous species with multiple ifloresceces. The reported hoe bees visitig the stamiate flowers which smelt like coriader. The also oted that sequetial maturatio of flowers ad ifloresceces prologed the flowerig period. Start ad Marshall (1976) reported that bats i west Malasia collected polle of Arega spp." Howard, F.W./Moore, D./Gibli-Davis, R.M./Abad, R.G.. Isects o Palms. CABI, Walligford, UK Dave's Garder. PlatFiles: Philippie Dwarf Sugar Palm - Arega tremula Duke, J.A.. Hadbook of uts. CRC Press, Boca Rato, FL J.D. Aderse Nurser. Arega tremula. Z/Palms/A/Arega-tremula.html South-Florida-Plat-Guide.com. Arega Palm - Arega egleri/arega tremula. [Requires specialist polliators? Presumabl No] "Apis mellifera visit sceted male flowers of Arega tremula." [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? No evidece] "Propagatio Methods: From seed; germiate i vitro i gelati, agar or other medium" [Miimum geerative time (ears)? Ukow for A. tremula. Related A. piata reaches maturit i 6+ ears] "Trees reach reproductive maturit (flowerig stage) i 6 to 12 ears ad cotiue to flower for about 15 ears before replatig." [Miimum geerative time (ears)? Ukow. Probabl >3-4 ears] "Growth Rate: Ver Slow" [Miimum geerative time (ears)? Ukow. Probabl >3-4 ears] "Aregas make excellet cotaier palms because of their slow growth rate." ASEAN Tropical Plat Database. Arega tremula (Blaco) Merr.. [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked areas)? Possibl, but ulikel] "Fruit globose, to 1.5 cm i diameter, smooth, with thi epidermis ad scat pulp, usuall 2 seeded, ripeig ellow o=205 the bright red." [Small fruit & seeds lack meas of exteral attachmet] Prit Date: 8/4/2012 Arega tremula (Arecaceae) Page 6 of 7

7 Dichoso, W.C.. Useful Plat Species with Toxic Substaces (A Compilatio). Research Iformatio Series o Ecosstems 21(3). Departmet of Eviromet ad Natural Resources, Lagua [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] "It is used for orametal purposes, ad for ladscapig parks ad school campuses." Betrock's Palm World. Arega tremula. [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] "POPULAR USES: Shrub, scree, specime plat" "Arega tremula ad the related A. egleri are hardier 4 ad much more useful as ladscape plats tha the ecoomicall importat A. piata. Though the idividual stems die after fruitig, ew stems cotiue to arise from the base. Both are clusterig ad low-growig, ad ca be utilized as screeig plats." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? No] No evidece that this palm has become a seed cotamiat of other produce The StuartXchage.. Philippie Medicial Plats - Gumaaka Fosberg, F.R.. Notes o the Vegetatio of Iriomote-Zima Ruku Islads. Sciece bulleti of Agriculture & Home Ecoomics Divisio, Uiversit of the Rukus. 4: Huag, T.-C.. Flora of Taiwa Secod Editio. Volume 5. Agiosperms Moocotledos [Alismataceae - Triuridaceae]. Departmet of Bota, Natioal Taiwa Uiversit, Taipei, Taiwa Elliso, D./Elliso, A.. Cultivated palms of the world. UNSW Press, Sde. [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? No] "Fruit is globose, smooth, thiskied, scat pulp, dark red whe ripe, ad usuall two seeded." [Propagules water dispersed? Possibl] "The baks of tidal streams are lied with trees icludig Castaopsis luchuesis, Heritiera littoralis (Sterculiaceae), Padaus, Arega tremula " [Seeds possibl moved b water alog streams] [Propagules bird dispersed? Presumabl Yes] "Drupe globose, cm log, cm across, ellow, deep red or red black at maturit; seeds 3, black brow, flesh, 1.2 cm log, 9 mm wide, 6 mm thick; periath segmets 3, persistet, 4 mm log, 8 mm wide, orage." [Propagules bird dispersed? Yes] "The mature fruit is red ad seed germiatio is sometimes erratic, takig from 8 to 20 weeks." [Flesh-fruited] ASEAN Tropical Plat Database. Arega tremula (Blaco) Merr.. [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? No] "Fruit globose, to 1.5 cm i diameter, smooth, with thi epidermis ad scat pulp, usuall 2 seeded, ripeig ellow the bright red." [Small fruit & seeds lack meas of exteral o=205 attachmet] Elliso, D./Elliso, A.. Cultivated palms of the world. UNSW Press, Sde Huag, T.-C.. Flora of Taiwa Secod Editio. Volume 5. Agiosperms Moocotledos [Alismataceae - Triuridaceae]. Departmet of Bota, Natioal Taiwa Uiversit, Taipei, Taiwa [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Presumabl Yes] "The mature fruit is red ad seed germiatio is sometimes erratic, takig from 8 to 20 weeks." [Flesh-fruited] [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? Ukow] "Large evergree shrubs, mooecious (dioecious?); truks to 36 clustered, ofte bet i age, m tall, cm i diam." "Iflorescece 60 cm log, 40 cm wide. Stamiate flowers: sepals 3, orage, 2 mm log, 4 mm across, petals 3, oblog, orage outside, deep orage iside, 1.5 cm log, 0.4 cm wide, thick, valvate; stames ma, ellowish orage; athers liear; pistillate flowers: sepals 3, petals 3, triagular, 1 cm log, 1 cm across, ovar 3 celled, valvate. Drupe globose, cm log, cm across, ellow, deep red or red black at maturit; seeds 3, black brow, flesh, 1.2 cm log, 9 mm wide, 6 mm thick; periath segmets 3, persistet, 4 mm log, 8 mm wide, orage." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? Ukow] WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Ukow] No iformatio o herbicide efficac or chemical cotrol of this species Rogers, G.K.. Ladscape Plats for South Florida - Sugar Palm, Arega piata. Palm Beach State College, Palm Beach Gardes, Florida [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Possibl. Ca regrow from basal suckers] "Sugar Palm is just oe of multiple Arega species cultivated i South Florida. Dwarf Sugar Palm (Arega tremula) from the Philippies is smaller (12 tall) with log leaves risig to 20, regrowig from basal suckers after the mai truk dies post flowerig." ga_piata.html WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets)? Ukow] Prit Date: 8/4/2012 Arega tremula (Arecaceae) Page 7 of 7

8 Summar of Risk Traits High Risk / Udesirable Traits Native to the Philippies ad thrives i tropical climates Fruit juice produces irritatio, ad blisters upo cotact with ski Shade tolerat (ma be able to ivade forest uderstor) Tolerates ma soil coditios (ad potetiall able to exploit ma differet habitat tpes) Flesh-fruited & presumabl bird ad/or mammal dispersed Low Risk / Desirable Traits No records of aturalizatio or egative impacts have bee documeted Uarmed Ladscapig ad orametal value