Summer Fruiting Raspberry Walk

Transcription

1 Summer Fruiting Raspberry Walk Thursday 14 July pm at Rectory Farm, Stanton St John, Oxford, OX33 1HF Trial Handout Presentation by: Janet Allen and Emma Worrall ADAS UK Ltd AHDB Horticulture Stoneleigh Park, Kenilworth Warwickshire, CV8 2TL

2 Background There is a continuing requirement to identify raspberry varieties for commercial production which meet the evolving needs of the market, whilst offering opportunities for profitable production to growers. This project has been established within a commercial plantation of raspberries to enable the identification of varieties and advanced selections which would offer growers: High yields and reliable cropping over longest possible season Reduced labour costs because of less complicated cane management and a greater proportion of easy to access fruit for pickers Fruit with an attractive appearance, good flavour, texture and shelf-life Potential to reduce crop protection product usage as the result of improved tolerance or resistance to major pests and diseases In combination, the above, selected traits for raspberry cultivars will enable the UK industry to maintain and increase its market share, extend the harvest season and, importantly, reduce unit costs. This trial has been designed to critically evaluate cultivars and advanced selections, sourced from two UK raspberry breeding programmes; NIAB EMR and the Institute ( Ltd) and four non-uk raspberry breeding programmes; Agricultural and Agri- Food research Canada and Agricultural Agri-Food Canada substation in L Acadie (PARC), Washington State University (WSU) and Graminor AS, Norway, offering the opportunity to appraise cultivars that may soon be available to growers, but for which there is little or no experience as to their suitability for growing in the UK or elsewhere in Europe. Methods The trial is located at Rectory Farm, Stanton St John near Oxford. Selected cultivars and advanced selections were established within a commercial south facing plantation of raspberries. The soil is a free draining light loamy sand. The raspberries were propagated from root cuttings as module raised and planted 0.45m apart into poly mulch covered raised beds with trickle irrigation. Four replicates of each of the main entries with 10 were apportioned to each plot. Guard entries are single un-replicated 10 plant plots of each cultivar. A list of the advanced selections and varieties planted in the main (i.e. replicated) and single plot guard part of the trial is provided in Tables 1 and 2 below. All of the main and the majority of the guard entries were planted as the planting material became available in June, July and Five numbered selections namely 0427G (from the Institute), RU , RU and RU from the Norwegian raspberry breeding programme Graminor and a single plot of the main entry EM6803/16 from East Malling Research were planted in July The latter was planted to check that the of this selection supplied and planted in the main trial were true to type. As in 2013 all the additional planting material was supplied as module raised.

3 The supplied in 2013 established a large root system and in the majority of cases produced a reasonable number of (short) primocane during the year of planting. However so as to ensure that all are as even in growth as possible and that their first harvest would be as fully cropping, all of the primocane was removed (cut out at ground level) in mid- February The first flush of primocane produced by these cut back was thinned by hand down to 3-4 per plant in late May and then again in early A further thinning of the canes was made in September-early October 2014 so as to leave approximately 3 canes/plant or 6 floricane per linear run of crop row to crop in When their rind was sufficiently mature, these canes were secured in their fruiting position for 2015 to the fixed wires of the support trellis in mid-october In 2015 the polytunnels protecting the trial were clad on the 22 nd April and removed within a few days of the end of harvest. In 2015, the first fruit was picked on 18 June and harvest completed on 12. The harvest periods, average yield/plant and berry weights of the main and single plot guard entries are displayed in Tables 3, 4, 5 & 6. Records were also made during the 2015 harvest of fruit quality characteristics such as size, colour, fruit texture, skin strength, cohesiveness, flavour, Brix and shelf-life. This information is displayed below in Tables 7 & 8. Plant characteristics of all the entries was also evaluated e.g. plant habit, date of and evenness of bud break, ease of management, lateral pose, strength of attachment, ease of fruit detachment and pest and disease susceptibility. This information is given in Table 9. In 2015 immediately post-harvest, all spent floricane was cut through at ground level and removed from the crop rows. At the same time the final selection of primocane to be retained to crop in 2016 was made and once the rind of this cane was sufficiently matured, it was secured (laced in using twine) to the fixed wires of the crop support trellis. This spring and early summer primocane management has been as per The tunnels were clad on 16 April and harvest commenced on 18 June 2016.

4 2015 results Table 1. Details of the main entry selections in order of season, with their source and type of planting material used. All selections planted in June Source, Planting Variety Season Harvest Harvest country material start date end date 0435D-3 BC (Squamish) 0485K-1 Tulameen (Naktuinbouw clone) AAC Eden (KO6-2) 0019 E2 Octavia EM6803/16 EM6805/142 EM6804/ C-5 EM6804/81 PARC, Canada RW Walpole, England PARC, Canada RW Walpole, England EMR, England EMR, England EMR, England EMR, England Very Early Early Early-mid Mid Mid Mid- - V 18/06/ /08/ /06/ /07/ /06/ /08/ /06/ /08/ /06/ /08/ /07/ /08/ /07/ /08/ /06/ /08/ /07/ /08/ /07/ /08/ /06/ /08/ /06/ /08/2015 Table 2. Details of the guard entry selections in order of season, with their source and type of planting material used. All selections planted in June 2013 unless otherwise stated. Variety Source, country Planting material Season 2015 Harvest start date 2015 Harvest end date 0658 C-5 Early 26/06/ /08/ E4 Early 29/06/ /08/2015 Glen Fyne Early 03/07/ /08/ F-5 Early 03/07/ /08/2015 RU * Graminor Norway Early-Mid - -

5 Variety Source, country Planting material Season RU * Graminor Norway 2015 Harvest start date Early-Mid Harvest end date WSU 1568 WSU, America Early-Mid 03/07/ /07/2015 BC Early-Mid 01/07/ /08/2015 RU * Graminor Norway Early-Mid - - WSU 1607 WSU, America Early-Mid 03/07/ /08/2015 WSU 1605 WSU, America Mid 03/07/ /08/2015 Tulameen Pearl Clone PARC, Canada Mid 03/07/ /08/2015 Tulameen Pearl Clone PARC, Canada Mid 29/06/ /08/2015 Tulameen Pearl Clone PARC, Canada Mid 03/07/ /08/ E-1 Mid 26/06/ /07/ G-7* Mid - - EM6804/42 EMR Mid - 29/06/ /08/ RB1 Mid - 26/06/ /08/ F-1 29/06/ /07/2015 Ukee PARC Jean d Orléans *Planted in 2014 PARC (L Acadie, Quebec) 01/07/ /08/ /07/ /08/2015

6 Table harvest dates for the main selections including start date, 25%, 50%, 75% and end date Variety/Selection Start 25% 50% 75% End 0435D-3 18-Jun 10-Jul 10-Jul 17-Jul 03-Aug BC (Squamish) 18-Jun 06-Jul 08-Jul 13-Jul 29-Jul 0485K-1 26-Jun 15-Jul 13-Jul 17-Jul 03-Aug Tulameen (Naktuinbouw clone) 26-Jun 13-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 12-Aug AAC Eden (KO6-2) 18-Jun 13-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 10-Aug 0019 E2 01-Jul 13-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 12-Aug Octavia 01-Jul 15-Jul 24-Jul 03-Aug 12-Aug EM6803/16 29-Jun 15-Jul 22-Jul 27-Jul 10-Aug EM6805/ Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 03-Aug 12-Aug EM6804/68 01-Jul 13-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 03-Aug 0447C-5 (Glen Dee) 26-Jun 06-Jul 24-Jul 31-Jul 12-Aug EM6804/81 29-Jun 15-Jul 24-Jul 03-Aug 12-Aug Table harvest dates for the guard selections including start date, 25%, 50%, 75% and end date Variety Start 10% 50% 90% End 0658 C-5 26-Jun 10-Jul 17-Jul 27-Jul 10-Aug 0550 E4 29-Jun 15-Jul 22-Jul 29-Jul 10-Aug Glen Fyne 03-Jul 13-Jul 17-Jul 22-Jul 05-Aug 0460 F-5 03-Jul 13-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 05-Aug WSU Jul 08-Jul 13-Jul 17-Jul 29-Jul BC Jul 06-Jul 13-Jul 17-Jul 03-Aug WSU Jul 13-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 05-Aug WSU Jul 13-Jul 22-Jul 27-Jul 12-Aug Tulameen Pearl Clone Jul 13-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 10-Aug Tulameen Pearl Clone Jun 10-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 12-Aug Tulameen Pearl Clone Jul 13-Jul 17-Jul 27-Jul 10-Aug 0658 E-1 26-Jun 08-Jul 13-Jul 22-Jul 29-Jul EM6804/42 29-Jun 10-Jul 17-Jul 27-Jul 05-Aug 0534RB1 26-Jun 13-Jul 17-Jul 27-Jul 12-Aug 0015F-1 29-Jun 10-Jul 15-Jul 22-Jul 29-Jul Ukee 01-Jul 13-Jul 17-Jul 24-Jul 03-Aug Jean d Orléans 01-Jul 13-Jul 19-Jul 24-Jul 03-Aug

7 Table 5. A summary of the yield and average berry weights recorded at Rectory farm in 2015 in order of season earliest selections first Average Variety/Selection Marketable yield kg/plant % marketable fruit Average floricane berry weight over the Minimum berry weight (g) Maximum berry weight (g) /plant season (g) 0435D BC (Squamish) K Tulameen (Naktuinbouw) clone) AAC Eden (KO6-2) E Octavia EM6803/ EM6805/ EM6804/ C EM6804/ Table 6. A summary of the yield and average berry weights recorded at Rectory farm in 2015 in order of season for the unreplicated guard entry plots earliest selections first Variety/Selection Marketable yield kg/plant % marketable fruit Average floricane /plant Average Berry Weight over the season (g) Minimum berry weight (g) Maximum berry weight (g) 0658 C E Glen Fyne F WSU BC WSU WSU Tulameen Pearl Clone Tulameen Pearl Clone Tulameen Pearl Clone E EM6804/ RB F Ukee Jean d Orléans

8 Table 7. Average berry quality scores and Brix readings over the harvest period for the main selections in order of season - replicated trial Rectory Farm =pale 1=dark 5=bright 1=dull 5=even 1=irreg. 5=firm 1=soft 5=strong 1=weak 5=whole 1=crumbly 5= good 1= poor Variety/ Selection Brix Redness Brightness Outline Texture Skin strength Berry cohes'nes Flavour 0435D BC (Squamish) K Tulameen (Naktuinbouw clone) 9.5 AAC Eden E Octavia EM6803/ EM6805/ EM6804/ C-5 (Glen Dee) EM6804/ Table 8. Average berry quality scores and Brix readings over the harvest period for the guard entries in order of season un-replicated trial Rectory Farm =pale 1=dark 5=bright 1=dull 5=even 1=irreg. 5=firm 1=soft 5=strong 1=weak 5=whole 1=crumbly 5= good 1= poor Variety/ Bright- Skin Berry Brix Redness Outline Texture Selection ness strength cohes'nes Flavour 0658 C E Glen Fyne F WSU BC WSU WSU Tul. Pearl Clone Tul. Pearl Clone Tul. Pearl Clone E EM6804/ RB F Ukee Jean d Orléans

9 Appendix 1 Trial plan 48 5 EM6803/ AAC Eden (KO6-2) 24 2 Tulameen 12 6 EM6805/ K EM6804/ AAC Eden (KO6-2) E BC Tulameen 22 1 Octavia 10 7 EM6804/ E C EM6805/ Octavia 44 6 EM6805/ E C Tulameen C EM6803/ EM6804/ EM6803/ Octavia 30 3 BC EM6803/ K D K BC D EM6804/ EM6804/ D AAC Eden (KO6-2) 39 4 AAC Eden (KO6-2) 27 6 EM6805/ E2 3 8 EM6804/ Tulameen D EM6804/ BC EM6804/ Octavia K C-5 Plot Treat Variety Plot Treat Variety Plot Treat Variety Plot Treat Variety Block 4 Tunnel 3 Block 3 Tunnel 3 Block 2 Tunnel 2 Block 1 Tunnel 2 22 EM6803/16 21 RU RU RU EM6804/42 13 Tulameen Pearl clone (2 ) 6 BC E-1 12 Tulameen Pearl Tulameen Pearl clone clone (6 5 (6 ) ) G RB C-5 17 WSU Jean d' Orleans 3 Ukee F-5 9 WSU WSU 1568 PT4 3 rows PT3 2 rows Track way and wind break PT2 2 rows PT1 69 m 15 Glen Fyne E F1 Row 3 Row 2 Row 1 Guards Tunnel 4 Road end

10 Appendix 2 - AHDB SF 41d - Descriptions of the entries Cultivar/ Selection Harvest period SF41d in 2015 Fruit Size Average (Max-min) SF41d 2015 (g) Fruit Plant Pest & Disease susceptibility Control varieties Tulameen (Naktuinbouw) Octavia Mid - late 29 June 12 1 July ( ) 5.0 ( ) Large-very large, bright attractive, excellent flavour, even set berries. Moderate - high yield Large round-conical berries, moderate flavour, pink berries with salmon undertones, reasonably bright, variable drupelet size & berry shape, berry can be uneven in shape. Moderate shelf life Long-very long laterals, protected crop needs lateral support. Bud break down length of canes. Some spines, upright-spreading very tall cane, moderate in number, some spines. Long - very long laterals, variable bud break mainly top - middle of canes, needs lateral support as protected crop. Spines especially noticeable on primocane. Very susceptible to raspberry root rot, also spur blight & cane botrytis Has A10 but is very susceptible to raspberry root rot, also cane blight

11 From: East Malling Research EM6803/16 29 June 10 EM6804/68 EM6805/142 Mid- 1 July 3 1 July ( ) 4.4 ( ) 5.1 ( ) A high percentage of the in each plot not true to type, producing multi-branched canes & round, crumbly fruit. True to type have round-conic good size fruit, moderate -good flavour higher brix than G. Ample in EMR trials. Moderate -poor shelf-life Firm fruits conical of good colour and easy to plug, a bit uneven in shape. Moderate flavour, like Octavia but higher Brix, moderate shelf life Large firm attractive fruits; pale with good shelf-life. Moderate flavour Vigorous, glabrous canes with long ascending laterals becoming drooping as fruit ripens, can break at top of canes, but lateral support may not be needed. Most laterals top-middle of canes. Spiny but most spines are not very prominent, very upright habit, vigorous plant. Vigorous, glabrous canes with long ascending laterals becoming drooping as fruit ripens. rals roll over each other, needs lateral support Spiny but most spines are not very prominent, upright cane, moderate vigour Vigorous, late emerging glabrous upright canes. The bottom half of the cane can be a bit bare. Long ascending laterals multi-flowered, strongly attached, may need lateral support. Good fruit presentation and easily plugged Has A10 A10 A10

12 EM6804/81 EM6804/42 29 June 12 Mid 29 June ( ) 4.1 ( ) Very firm, attractive fruits with excellent shelf-life. Fairly good flavour EMR Guard Firm fruits of good colour, higher brix & flavour than Octavia. Fairly good shelf-life Moderate vigour with late emerging glabrous canes. rals long, most top to mid-cane, laterals break & roll over need lateral support, fruit easily plugged Canes very upright, vigorous, spiny but most spines are not very prominent, Vigorous, glabrous canes with long horizontal laterals. The fruit is well presented and easy to plug Spines A10 A10 From: Ltd 0435D-3 V. early 18 June K-1 Early -Mid 26 June ( ) 4.7 ( ) Neat, conical fruit with moderate flavour at times sweet & aromatic high yield. Good shelf life Large, conical fruit, very glossy and very attractive in punnet, darken as ripen High yield at JHI 2 kg/plant good flavour, good shelf life Bud break full length of cane, short to med length laterals, strongly attached no lateral support required Productive over a long season Upright - spreading tall canes Spine free cane moderate vigour Bud break top -mid cane only. Tall, upright to spreading canes, vigorous. Requires lateral supports. Otherwise easy and cheap to pick, easy to manage Spine free cane. Not known Has A10 & Gene H tolerance to cane botrytis & spur blight, very susceptible to raspberry root rot

13 0019 E2 Mid-late 1 July C-5 (Glen Dee) Mid- 26 June ( ) 5.4 ( ) Very large conical fruit, large drupes, cohesive, but looks a little unevenly set, good shelf-life moderate to good moderate flavour, high yield Large, conical fruit with pleasant flavor Brix 8.0. Good shelf life. Consistent high yield. Fruit a bit uneven in set does not look very neat in punnet, bright appearance Tall stout upright cane, easy to manage, fruit laterals very long need support as readily can break. Uneven bud break top-mid cane only, due to lack of winter chilling Spine free. Very long laterals, mostly top to middle of cane, droop at tip, fruit well displayed to pickers, strongly attached, lateral support not required Tall stout canes, upright habit, adequate number Spine free Variable date of bud burst so majority of canes completed harvest just before that of Octavia Has A10 Has A F-5 Mid 3 July ( ) Ltd Guards Attractive but rather dark, even set, conical fruit, shiny. Good flavour, Brix 10. Good shelf life rals top to bottom of canes, medium-long droop with weight of fruit but good presentation. Very upright cane habit adequate in number Spine free A10

14 0658C-5 Early-Mid 26 June E-1 Early-Mid 26 June 29 July Glen Fyne 0427G-7* 0534RB1 Mid 3 July 5 Mid (not fruiting in 2015) Mid 26 June ( ) 4.8 ( ) 3.5 ( ) Conical fruit, variable size & shape, bright, a bit pale, high yield, moderate to good flavour can be good, fruity, juicy, raspberry and elderflower notes Brix 8.6. Good shelf-life Bright, conical Sweet, fruity, juicy, raspberry and elderflower notes. Not as good a flavour as Tulameen Good shelf-life Medium sized round-conical berries (some variability in berry set) bright, very sweet, good flavour, Brix 8.6, good shelf life, berries darken when fully ripe, poor yield in 2015, good shelf life? Bright fruit with a round shape. Shelflife very good, maintains colour and uniformity 5.2 ( ) Very large, conical fruit, reasonably bright, with very sweet excellent flavour, Brix 10.3 (consistently higher than that of Tulameen), high yield, good shelf life rals short to very long at cane base, bow over but display fruit well lateral support may be required. Plentiful supply of tall cane vigorous upright-spreading cane. Spine free rals full length of canes, short at top, medium-long at base, well displayed, a few laterals broken but lateral support may not be required. Medium vigour, uprightspreading canes, adequate number Spines Medium -long laterals, strongly attached, lateral support not required. Bud break down length of canes. Spine free cane spreading, difficult to keep upright, no spines, moderate vigour & cane number. Spines and Gene H, hairy cane phenotype Medium-long laterals at top-middle & very long at base, laterals full length of canes. Bow over a bit with fruit weight, but support not required. Tall stout canes, uprightspreading, moderate vigour. Spine free A10 Moderate resistance to root rot (no symptoms after 3 years at JHI) Has A10 very susceptible to raspberry root rot & powdery mildew? A10

15 0550E-4 Mid 29 June F1 Mid - 29 June 29 July 3.7 ( ) 3.5 ( ) Firm fruit, rather dark when fully ripe, conical, slightly hairy (makes it look dull), moderate to good flavour. Shelf-life good, maintains colour and firmness. Moderate yield. Fruit is conical, pale-mid red, slightly dull when fully ripe, moderate - good flavour, good shelf life rals medium-long at top to long-very long at base, full length of canes. Fruit well displayed to pickers support unnecessary. Adequate numbers of medium to tall cane, upright-spreading habit Spine free, but hairy canes Short- Medium - long laterals, most at top to mid-cane, bow over with ripe fruit needs lateral support. Very open cane canopy, Tall cane, medium diameter, moderate in number, upright habit -spreading and a neat lateral presentation Spine free A10 and moderate resistance to root rot (No symptoms. after 3 years at James Hutton Ltd). Has Gene H phenotype tolerance to cane botrytis & spur blight, Moderate resistance to root rot (no symptoms after 3 years at James Hutton Ltd)

16 From: Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre BC (Squamish) V. early 18 June 29 July 4.0 ( ) Glossy, medium sized, darkening red, conical, reasonably firm, large drupelets, cohesive, good aromatic flavour, Brix 10.5 consistently higher than that of Tulameen, good shelf life. High yield rals full length of canes short at top - long at base, present fruit well, lateral support not required. Tall upright -spreading canes, adequate number Spines, most prominent at base Good field resistance to root rot AAC Eden (KO6-2) BC Tulameen Pearl Clone Tulameen Pearl Clone Tulameen Pearl Clone Early Mid 18 June 10 Early Mid 1 July 3 Mid - 3 July 10 Mid - 29 June 12 Mid - 3 July ( ) ( ) 4.9 ( ) 5.4 ( ) Fruit size greater than Tulameen. Firm, neat conic, but not glossy (looks a bit greasy) light mid red, good flavour, easy to pick, softer than Squamish. Some variability in fruit set & shape suspect off types planted. Yield good but less than that of & shelf life not as good as Squamish. Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre Guards Fruit large long-conical, very bright, small drupelets, cohesive, mid red, good flavour, Brix 9.4 & good shelf life Long laterals, most laterals at topmiddle of canes. Ascendinghorizontal pose, strongly attached, present fruit well to pickers. Support not required. Very upright, spine free tall, adequate number, vigorous cane. Upright to spreading habit, tall, stout, high numbers. Long fruit laterals fruit easy to find & detach. Spines Not Known Not Known Like Tulameen Like Tulameen, As per Tulameen in main trial Like Tulameen Like Tulameen, Like Tulameen Like Tulameen,

17 Ukee (BC ) Jeanne d Orleans Early Mid 1July 3 Mid 1 July ( ) 3.1 ( ) Fruit smaller than Tulameen, conical, small drupelets, very cohesive, light red, moderate flavour. Good shelf life. Some variability in drupelet size & as consequence variable fruit set Medium large fruit neat, small even sized & shaped drupelets, well set very cohesive, firm, mid red, excellent sweet lingering flavour, aromatic Tall cane, upright, vigorous, adequate in number, more upright than Tulameen, strong long laterals, full length of canes, present fruit well. But bow over so lateral support required Spines Medium-tall, upright spreading canes, short -medium length ascending laterals which present fruit very well to pickers Spines Tolerant of Root rot Resistant to powdery mildew From: Washington State University (WSU) WSU1605 WSU1568 WSU1607 Mid- 3 July 12 Mid 3 29 July Mid 3 July ( ) 4.3 ( ) 5.8 ( ) WSU Guards Very large fruited, long conical, glossy, cohesive a bit variable in shape, firm, easily detached, good flavour, good shelf life high yield. Large long conical, firm, glossy, well flavoured fruit, easily picked, good shelf life. High yield. Large, long conical, glossy, very firm, good flavoured fruit, with excellent shelf life, easily detached from laterals. Top laterals medium-long all others very long, bow over with weight of & hides fruit, needs lateral support. rals full length of canes. Upright-spreading, tall, stout canes. Leafy, vigorous Spines Long-very long laterals, bow over each other so lateral support required, laterals down full length of canes. Canes tall, stout, very upright, adequate in number Spines All laterals very long, roll over with weight of fruit need lateral support. Tall upright & stout, adequate in number Spines Not Known Not known Not known

18 From: Graminor AS, Norway (Plant breeders information) Graminor Guards RU * Early-mid Berries firmer with better shelf life than Glen Ample. Darker colour but better taste than Ample RU * Early mid 5.3 g Berries smaller than Glen Ample but berries are firmer and have much better taste than Glen Ample. Conic shape with good colour RU * Early-mid season Berries with lighter colour than Glen Ample, quite similar scores for appearance and taste. higher yielding than Glen Ample *Planted in not cropping until 2016 Very strong against raspberry leaf and bud mite, susceptibility to cane diseases as Glen Ample. No winter damage problems observed up to know. Spine free Habit description to come Spine free More susceptible to frost damage than Glen Ample. Spine free strong against raspberry leaf and bud mite strong against raspberry leaf and bud mite, susceptible to cane diseases