Blueberries: Wonderful fruit & Great Ornamentals

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1 Blueberries: Wonderful fruit & Great Ornamentals

2 Blueberries: Pages: 236 to 238 in your Master Gardener Handbook This slide presentation and the aforementioned pages were prepared by: Dr. Bernadine Strik, Professor Extension Berry Crops Specialist Oregon State University

3

4 Relative ripening time of blueberry cultivars in the Willamette Valley

5 Duke Early Sweet, good flavor Large fruit Susceptible to root rot

6 Spartan Early Excellent flavor Very large fruit Large bush

7 Reka Early to mid-season Good flavor Large fruit Will overcrop if not pruned correctly Vigorous plant

8 Blueray Mid-season Excellent flavor Large fruit Erect bush Tolerant of hotter temperatures

9 Chandler Mid-season Very good flavor Very large fruit Long fruiting season Sensitive to pseudomonas (bacterial blight)

10 Bluecrop Mid-season Very good flavor Large fruit Erect bush Can over-crop if not pruned hard enough

11 Legacy Mid-season Excellent flavor Medium to large fruit High yield Vigorous bush Needs trellising

12 Jersey Late Mid-season Sweet Small-medium fruit Vigorous bush High yield

13 Darrow Mid- to late-season Excellent flavor Very large fruit Erect bush Lower yield in cold areas Sensitive to pseudomonas

14 Half-high blueberries Cultivars include: Polaris, Chippewa Northcountry Northsky, Northblue, Northland Hardy to -45 o F 1 to 4 high compact growth habit Yields range from: 1 to 7 lb/bush Great ornamentals or for containter growing

15 Rabbiteye blueberries Cultivars include: Pink Lemonade, Pink Sorbet, Jelly Bean Sunshine Blue, Perpetua Great ornamentals or for containter growing

16 Planting Requirements: Soil ph of 4.5 to 5.5 Incorporate organic matter (and N if needed for breakdown of organic matter) Good drainage (raised beds good)

17 Planting: Plant 2- or 3-year-old plants in fall or spring 3 to 4 in row 8 to 10 between rows Surface mulch Prune off blossoms in year 1

18 Surface mulching: Blueberry plant Blueberry roots

19 Growth in year one after planting two-year-old plants

20 Care of Established Plants:

21 Old, twiggy growth is dull in color Pruning: Wood Age One-year-old wood (last year s growth) is productive and bright colored

22 Pruning: One-year-old wood Fruit buds - will break in spring to produce a blossom cluster with no leaf growth Leaf/vegetative buds - will break in spring to produce a leafy shoot without flowers

23 Pruning: Bloom Dormant Budbreak Plant Development Ripening

24 Pruning:

25 Pruning: Before: After: Remove/prune: Damaged or diseased wood Short thin whips at base Wood that is too low For more info see: A Grower s Guide to Pruning Highbush Blueberries)

26 Harvest: Fruit will increase in size by about 20% after they first turn blue Pick fruit about every 5 days Fruit stores well in the fridge

27 Common Problems in the Home Garden ph Problems lime induced iron deficiency

28 Common Problems in the Home Garden Weeds Blueberry plants are not good competitors with weeds Control weeds by hoeing shallowly Mulch will help somewhat

29 Common Problems in the Home Garden Birds Scare devices have limited usefulness Birds will peck or take whole fruit Plots can be netted

30 Common Problems in the Home Garden Diseases Botrytis gray mold Affects blossoms, not fruit Weather related Pseudomonas bacterial blight Only affects 1-year-old wood Evident in spring Control with copper sprays

31 Common Problems in the Home Garden Normal growth -- NOT disease! Dead fruiting truss Black tip stage Dead inflorescence from last year

32 Common Problems in the Home Garden Diseases Mummy berry Disease spreads through fruit mummies. Pick up or bury these Anthracnose fruit rot Orange fungal growth on fruit Difficult to control

33 Common Problems in the Home Garden Diseases Poor drainage Plants are sensitive to Phytophthora root rot Improve drainage

34 Common Problems in the Home Garden Insects Control scale insects with applications of dormant oil in the winter Scale

35 Insects Spotted wing drosophila Eggs laid in developing fruit Late season crops most affected org/

36 Native Blueberries: (also called huckleberries ) Vaccinium parvifolium V. ovatum Evergreen huckleberry Can be grown as a hedge

37 Native Blueberries: (also called huckleberries ) Vaccinium membranaceum

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