GERMANY A. MARKETS FOR FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES. 1. Market Trends and Opportunities. 1.1 Market Opportunities

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1 GERMANY A. MARKETS FOR FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 1. Market Trends and Opportunities 1.1 Market Opportunities Major items produced in Germany are apples, grapes (mostly used for wine making), plums, pears, currants, strawberries, cabbages, carrots, onions, cucumbers, cauliflower, asparagus, etc. National production is almost stable for the past few years and is forecasted to remain far short of domestic consumption. Though turnover of bananas through Hamburg port has expanded the neighbouring countries such as Belgium and the Netherlands having better port facilities and traditional trading connections act as intermediaries in supplying imported fruits and vegetables to Germany. The market opportunities are: Germany is the fourth largest market and major importer of fruits and vegetables in the EU, but the developing countries have a very small market share in Germany. Fruits consumption particularly exotics type like pineapples and mangoes is growing, and with the decrease in price in 2005 consumption of these two items increased by 15% and 11% respectively. One of the reasons for decrease in price is selling through discount stores. Domestic production of fruits and vegetables are declining over the past five years. Fresh fruits imports from developing countries are decreasing in value but increasing in volume. Bulk of imports into Germany come through other EU countries, representing reexport originated in developing countries. There is a growing demand for off-seasons vegetables. In Northern parts of Germany diets are more diverse and wide variations of foreign dishes are used due to the dominance of immigrants also. Normally people are price conscious but there is a group of consumers who demand high quality non-traditional exotic and organic produce and are willing to pay high prices for value. 1.2 Consumption Total sales of fruits and vegetables in Germany amounted to Euro 8.1 billion (ICC). Total household and out home consumption of fruits was 112 kg per household and that of vegetables was 84.3 kg per household in 2006 (ZMP ). German fresh fruits consumption was 90.8 kgs per household in 2005 and consumption of vegetables was 64.3 Kgs per household (Table I). Total consumption of fresh fruits (household, out-of-home and industrial) in 2005 was 8.4 million tonnes that represent a decrease of by 3 per cent over the year Total consumption of vegetables was 5.9 million tonnes that also decreased by 7 per cent over the year

2 Table I: Consumption in Kg / year of Selected Fruits and Vegetables in Germany Items Items Fresh fruits Fresh Vegetables Apples Tomatoes Bananas Carrots Grapes Cucumbers Pineapples Onions Mangoes Peppers Others Others Source: ZMP, 2006 The most popular fruits in Germany are apples, representing 17.2 per cent of total fruit consumption in 2006, bananas (10.4 %), and organs (6.8%). Tropical exotic fruits gaining popularity are pineapples and mangoes, their consumption increased by 15 and 11 per cent and price decreased by 11 and 3 per cent respectively. The consumption of such fruits is likely to rise further. The main reason for decrease in prices is the sales of such exotic through the discount stores throughout Germany. In 2005 tomatoes is the most popular vegetable accounting for 16 per cent of total national vegetable consumption. Consumption shares of carrots and cucumbers each were 12 per cent. Consumption of sweet peppers increased with the decrease in price by 10 per cent. Discount stores are important outlets for vegetables also. 2. Import Analysis In 2006 total imports of fresh fruits were Euro 3.5 billion and 4.7 million tonnes and total imports of vegetables were Euro 2.7 billion and 2.6 million tonnes. In 2006 import volumes of fruits and vegetables decreased by 4 and 9 per cent respectively over the year European suppliers heavily dominate the German market, representing 86 per cent of total fruit imports and 98 per cent of total vegetable imports. The largest suppliers of fruits in Germany are Spain (22%), Italy (20%) The Netherlands (17), Belgium (13%) and France (6%). The major supplier of vegetables to Germany are The Netherlands (44%), Spain (24%), Italy (11%), and Belgium. Bananas (19% of total import value), pineapples (13%), grapes (11%), peaches and nectarine (8%), oranges (7%), dates and mangoes and guavas are the main import items of Germany (Table II). Germany is the second largest importer of bananas after Belgium. In 2006 about 55% of total import was directed from developing countries. Between 2002 and 2006 import decreased in value by 13% but increased in volume by 25%. Belgium suppled 30% of total imports followed be Ecuador (19%), Panama (13%) and Colombia (12%). About 70 per cent of pineapples imports were via other EU countries like the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Spain. Main suppliers in developing countries are Costa Rica and Ecuador. In 2006 imports from developing countries amounted 39,000 tonnes with a value of Euro 34 million. Between 2002 and 2006 import increased by 574 per cent in value and 900 per cent in terms of volume. 326

3 In 2006 about 15,000 tonnes of grapes valued at Euro 17 million was imported in Garmany. This represents increases by 20 per cent in value and 26 per cent in volume compared to India, Turkey and South Africa are the major suppliers in developing countries. Table II Germany - Imports of Selected Fresh Fruits and Leading Suppliers Product Value in Euro Value in Euro Leading Suppliers and their market Million 2002 Million 2006 shares in % of value in 2006 Total Developing Countries Total Developing Countries All Fruits Spin 22, Italy 20, the Netherlands 17, Belgium 13, France 6, Ecuador 3.9, Costa Rica 2.5, Panama 2.4, Colombia 2.4, Brazil 0.4 Bananas (19%) Grapes (12%) Exotic (6%) Belgium 30, the Netherlands 7, France 4.9, Italy 1.9, Ecuador 19, Colombia 12, Panama 13, Costa Rica The Netherlands 31, Italy 28, Greece 12, Belgium 10, Spain 8, India 1, Turkey 0.9, S. Africa 0.8, Ecuador The Netherlands 42, Belgium 11, France 11, Spain 4, Italy 2, Costa Rica 9, Ecuador 6, Tunisia 4.3, Brazil 1.3, Thailand 0.9 Product Value in Euro Value in Euro Leading Suppliers and their market Million 2003 Million 2005 shares in % of value in 2005 Total Developing Countries Total Developing Countries Pineapples The Netherlands 33, Belgium 26, France 10, Ecuador 18, Costa Rica 8, S. Africa 0.6, Togo 0.4, Sri Lanka 0.4. Mangoes and guavas Source: Eurostat The Netherlands 64, France 15, Spain 3.5, Brazil 2.6, Pakistan 2.6, Thailand 2.5, Ecuador 1.1. Tomatoes (29%), sweet peppers (16%), cucumbers (12%), lettuce (9%), onions, and carrots are the major imported vegetables of Germany (Table III). The important items being imported from developing countries are mushroom, sweet pepper, beans, onions, asparagus, cucumbers, peas and shallots. Mushroom was supplied entirely from eastern European countries. Total import from developing countries was less than 5000 tonnes but volume of import is gradually increasing. Major developing country suppliers are Belarus, Russia, Turkey and Morocco. Between 2003 and 2005 import value from developing countries decreased by 22 per cent. 327

4 Table III Germany - Imports of Selected Fresh Vegetables and Leading Suppliers Product Value in Euro Value in Euro Leading Suppliers and their market Million 2002 Million 2006 shares in % of value in 2005 Total Developing Countries Total Developing Countries All Vegetables The Netherlands 44, Spain 24, Italy 11, France 7, Belgium 5, Belarus 0.4, Turkey 0.3, Morocco 0.2, Egypt 0.2, Kenya 0.2. Tomatoes The Netherlands 53, Spain 21, Italy 9, Beans Peas and Belgium 9, France 4.7, Turkey The Netherlands 38, Spain 12, Belgium 9, France 6, Italy 4.3, Kenya 12, Egypt 12, Guatemala 0.8, Thailand 0.5, Dominica Republic 0.4 Product Value in Euro Value in Euro Leading Suppliers and their market Million 2003 Million 2005 shares in % of value in 2005 Total Developing Countries Total Developing Countries Mushroom The Netherlands 24, Poland 16, Lithunia 7, Russia 12, Bulgaria 3, Romania 2.6, Belarus 24, Ukraine 2.8, Turkey 1.7, South Africa 1.5, China 1.2, Serbia 1.2. Sweet peppers The Netherlands 48, Spain 39, France 3, Morocco 0.9, Thailand 0.4, Beans The Netherlands 35, Spain 20, Italy 10, Egypt 11, Kenya 4.8, Thailand The Netherlands 34, Spain 26, Italy 10, New Zealand 5, Australia 3.9, Egypt 1.1. Onions and shallots Peas The Netherlands 64, Belgium 5, Italy 2.3, Kenya 20, Egypt 1.9, Guatemala 1.6. Source: Eurostat Trade and Consumer s Preference o Discount stores are flourishing. German consumers are notoriously price conscious. Therefore, the trend of increasing sales through discount stores is still continuing. In 2003 average household spending on food and drink was Euro 255 representing just 12 per cent of total budget, lowest in the EU. According to the newspaper Welt Am Sonntag, 62 per cent of total consumer emphasis on price rather than on the quality. o Organic market is growing. In 2005 about 14 per cent growth was reported with the sale of organic product recording Euro 4 billion, 2.3 per cent of total food sales. o Exotics and lesser-known species peaked. Discount stores also promoted exotics and lesser-known imported items. o Health concern receives more attention. Nutritional value and health benefits of fruits and vegetables have been well recognized. There are also groups what are interested in high quality, high price, non-traditional, exotic and healthy fruits and vegetables. 4. Legislative Requirements Requirements are defined through legislation and through labels, codes and management systems. These are based on environmental, consumer health and safety and social concerns. 328

5 4.1 Tariffs : Refer Non-tariffs: Refer report on EU Market for FFVs 5. Non-legislative Requirements 5.1 Grading, Packaging, Marking and Labelling Packaging, marking and labeling are subject to the EU marketing standard. Standards are applicable only for selected fruits and vegetables refer Additional information on packaging are found at ITC webpage In Germany goods should be securely packed giving due consideration to nature of produce, means of transport, and likely climatic conditions during transit and delivery. German packaging regulations require supplier of goods to arrange for retrievel and recycling of transport and sales packaging. The environmental mark the Green Spot (Der gruene punkt) informs the consumer sthat the packaging can be recycled. Exporter to Germany should contact Duales System Deutschland regarding the measure Labelling on pre-packed food must indicate in Germany the followings: (a) The product s trade name, (b) The minimum shelf life, ( c) A list of the ingredients, and (d) Name of producer/packer or distributor (Austrade 2007) 5.2 Trading Practices Trade Structure: The Germany Hamburg Port is an important entry point for fresh fruits and vegetables imported directly into Germany. Many imported items destined for the German markets are transported by land or waterway from the ports of Rotterdam (The Netherlands) and Antwerp (Belgium). Lufthansa also brings fresh cargo from different sources or origins. Trade Channels: Large supermarkets, such as Edeka, Aldi and Lidl have their own import companies that handle imports of fresh fruits and vegetables in Germany. Some of the large importers are: Edeka Fruchtkontor: Unternehmen /Fruchtkontor/index.jsp Atlanta Gruppe, Cobana Fruchtring GmbH, OGL Food Trade Lebensmittelvertrieb GmbH, Dole Fresh Fruit Europe ohg, Aldi: Lidl: Retail Trade: In 2005, 52 per cent of fruit and 51 per cent of vegetables were brought in discount stores in Germany. The sales promotion of discount stores has a strong influence over the consumers. Almost 61 per cent of total bananas were sold from discount stores. The minor exotics such as kakis, physalis, lychees are sold mostly through these discount stores. Hyper market share of fruits and vegetables is about 25 per cent and super market share is 11 per cent, and street market / green grocers share about 9 per cent of total transactions of fruits and vegetables. 329

6 6. Other Market Information Selecting a suitable trading partner. The business environment in Germany is formal. Business talks are initially oriented to building trust and come with an agreement after a series of talk. All components of agreement are talked in detailed and documented formally. Punctuality and preciseness in follow up on agreement are important. Sales promotion: Visiting or participation in a trade fair is an important promotional means in Germany. The Fruit Logistica is held every February in Berlin ( Other important sources of information and promotion are ZMP. and Fruchthandel weekly Other Sources of Information Institution Type of Information Web-page 1 EU-Help Desk Tariffs regulations EC 2200/96 2 EUEurostat Trade statistics 5 Infaogro Market infor. 6 Agribusiness Price online information DFHV German Fresh Produce Association Fruch Thandel Magazine German Retail Weekly Fruch Portal Magazine 10 Fruit Logistica Promotion and Fairs 11 Market Place for Contacts Fresh Produce 12 Food Market Market Exchange information 13 B2B market place Contacts 14 Europages Contacts 15 Market for Fresh Contacts and Produces prices 16 Fresh Plaza Contacts 17 FAO 2006, Data on Ag. FAOSTAT Production and trades 18 CBI Market Access 19 CBI Packaging, marking and labeling 20 ITC Packaging 330

7 Detailed Analysis Market for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables 1. Market Opportunities and Consumption In Germany in the last five years Grapes import value has increased by 43% and the quantity import decreased by 5%. The unit price of grapes in 2003 was USD 1,320 per ton which has gone up by USD 1,993 per ton in the year The market for mango has gone up tremendously in the five years time. The value of the mango has increased by 98% and volume increased by 46% in five years. The unit price of mango in 2003 was US $ 1,157 per ton which has increased to US $ 1,567 per ton in Similarly the market for chilli has not increased so much in the five year time. Import of chilli remained same for the five years whereas the price of the chilli has gone up by 52%. In the year 2003 the unit price of Chilli was US $ 1,789 per ton which has increased to US $ 2,659 per ton in In the five years time from the market of pineapple has increased tremendously. The import of pineapple has increased by 153% in value and 151% in quantity in the five year. The unit price of pineapple was US $ 1,046 per ton in 2003 which has remained same and the unit price in 2007 is US $ 1,055 per ton. Summary Table: Import of Fresh fruits and Vegetables in Fresh fruit and Vegetables Market Product Value Change in% in 2006 Value in $ 000 Value in $ 000 Major Sources and Share in % and other information Qty in Tons Qty in Tons Value Qty Value Qty Value Qty Grapes 426, , , ,051 43% -5% Italy (32%), South Africa (14%), Greece (12.5%) Average Yearly Unit Price $ 1,320 per ton in 2003 $ 1,383 per ton in 2004 $ 1,411per ton in 2005 $ 1,551per ton in 2006 $ 1,993per ton in 2007 Mango 36,966 31,937 73,305 46,761 98% 46% Brazil (37%), South Africa (15%), Peru (12.5%) Average Yearly Unit Price $ 1,157per ton in 2003 $ 1,316 per ton in 2004 $ 1,395 per ton in 2005 $ 1,478 per ton in 2006 $ 1,567per ton in 2007 Chilli 483, , , ,776 52% 2% Netherlands (51%), Spain (30%), Israel (8%), Average Yearly Unit Price $ 1,789 per ton in 2003 $ 1,980 per ton in 2004 $ 1,789 per ton in 2005 $ 1,980 per ton in 2006 $ 2,659per ton in 2007 Pineapple 69,765 66, , , % 151% Costa Rica (65%), Cote d Ivoire ( 8%), Ecuador (10%) Average Yearly Unit Price $ 1,046 per ton in 2003 $1,097 per ton in 2004 $ 956 per ton in 2005 $ 984 per ton in 2006 $ 1,055 per ton in

8 2. Import Analysis Grapes Germany imported US$ 612 million worth of grapes in 2007 that represent an increase in import value by 12% per cent over the year Records show that India started exporting commercially fresh grapes to Germany with annual values of export recorded at US$ 8018 thousands in 2003 that increased to $ 11,086 thousands in The Germany imports grapes from 28 countries. In 2006 top five exporters of grapes to the Germany are Italy (33 % of total import value), Brazil (10%), South Africa (14%), Greece (12.5%) and Chile (7%). Annual import growth rate of grapes in Germany recorded at 13% in value and 5% in volume for the period of 5 years during 2002 and Average unit price of imported grapes recorded at US$ 1,552 per ton in The Graph below shows the fluctuation of Unit Price in one year period. The price in the figure is US $ per ton. Monthly Unit price of Grapes in Germany Lychee The recent available data indicates that Germany imported US$ 10,070 thousands value of lychees and other similar fruits in 2007 that represent a decline in import value by 18% per cent over the year Record shows that India started exporting fresh lychees to Germany with annual values of export recorded at US$ 4000 in 2003 to 3000 in The Germany imports lychees from over 30 countries. In 2007 top exporters of lychee to the Germany are Netherlands (60 % of total import value), France (32%) & Thailand 3.5%. Mango The total import value of mangoes in Germany in the year 2007 is US $ 73,305 thousands. This represents an increase of 28% over the year Germany total imports of manago in 2003 were US $ 36,966 thousands value which increased to US $ 73,305 thousands in The increments in quantity of mango imports were from 31,937 tons in 2003 to 46,761 tons in Germany imports mangoes from over 30 countries. The top exporters to the Germany in 2006 are Brazil (38%), South Africa (15%), Peru (12%), and Israel (4%). The Annual import growth rate of Mango in Germany is 8% in value and 5% in the volume for the period of 5 years from 2002 and Average unit price of imported mangoes recorded at US$ 1,479 per ton in Below graph shows the fluctuation in unit price in the period of one year. 332

9 Monthly Unit price of Mango in Germany Chilli The total import value of chilli in Germany in the year 2007 is US $ 738,620 thousands value of chilli. This represents an increase of 20% over the year Germany total imports of chilli in 2003 were US $ 483,110 thousands value which increased to US $ 738,620 thousands in The increments in quantity of chilli imports were from 269,954 tons in 2003 to 277,776 tons in Germany imports chillies from over 50 countries. The top exporters to the Germany in 2006 are Netherlands (51%), Spain (31%) and Israel (8%). The Annual import growth rate of Chilli in Germany is 10% in value and 2% in the volume for the period of 5 years from 2002 and Average unit price of imported chillies recorded at US$ 1,980 per ton in Below graph shows the fluctuation in unit price in the period of one year. Monthly Unit price of Chilli in Germany 333

10 Pineapple Germany imported US$177 million worth of pineapples in 2007 this represent an increase in import value by 15.37% over the year Germany imported pineapple valued US $ 69,765 thousands in the year 2003 and increased to US $ 176,709 thousands in the year Similarly in quantity it was 66,641 tons in 2003 which has increased to 167,416 tons in The Germany imports pineapples from over 30 countries. In 2006 top exporters of pineapple to the Germany are Costa Rica (65%), Ecuador (7%), Honduras (3%), and Côte d Ivoire (8%). Annual import growth rate of pineapples in Germany recorded at 23% in value and 22% in volume for the period of 5 years from 2002 and Average unit price of imported pineapples recorded at US$ 984 per ton in Below graph shows the fluctuation of unit price in the period of one year. Unit price in USD per ton of pineapple in the year

11 a. Grapes Table I Imports of Grapes in USD thousands Exporters value in 2003 value in 2004 value in 2005 value in 2006 value 2007 'World 426, , , , ,954 'Italy 165, , , , ,682 'Brazil 4,920 41,797 42,376 57,011 97,185 'South Africa 55,784 75,822 83,893 77,239 71,941 'Greece 52,055 57,175 67,936 68,152 64,694 'Chile 44,370 42,041 46,203 39,142 41,854 'Argentina 32,734 37,957 41,776 39,570 40,827 'Spain 39,135 28,887 30,613 32,193 30,684 'Egypt 2,057 3,217 6,625 8,614 18,749 'Turkey 11,461 19,303 19,268 15,698 15,614 'India 8,018 6,517 10,840 13,348 11,086 'Morocco 1,930 3,028 2,165 4,025 5,988 'France 4,099 4,051 2,824 5,344 2,844 'Peru ,254 'Namibia 1,661 2,398 6,425 2,112 1,208 'Belgium ,195 'Cyprus , 'Australia 275 1,340 1,749 1, in Table II Imports of Grapes in in Quantity in Tons Exporters quantity, Tons quantity, Tons quantity, Tons quantity, Tons quantity 'World 323, , , , ,051 'Italy 148, , , , ,084 'South Africa 33,509 46,541 46,364 45,364 37,443 'Brazil 2,680 19,953 19,113 26,107 31,440 'Greece 35,039 41,235 48,234 41,874 28,343 'Argentina 21,185 24,129 24,920 26,387 24,626 'Chile 25,896 25,679 24,869 24,717 21,993 'Turkey 12,079 18,572 19,426 16,413 14,196 'Spain 32,790 23,469 23,733 20,012 14,139 'Egypt 1,158 1,863 3,782 4,313 6,429 'India 3,942 3,499 5,752 7,467 5,334 'Morocco 1,113 1,412 1,277 2,698 2,693 'France 3,064 2,415 1,773 3,091 1,291 'Peru 'Namibia ,639 1,

12 Table - III Imports of Grapes in 2006 Trade Indicators Exporters value 2006, USD thousand Trade balance 2006 in USD thousand Share in German y's imports, % quantity 2006 Unit value, (USD/ unit) growth in value between , %, p.a. growth in quantity between , %, p.a. growth in value between , %, p.a. Total export growth in value of partner countries between , %, p.a. 'World 546, , ,914 1, 'Italy 178, , ,667 1, 'South Africa 77,239-77, ,364 1, 'Greece 68,152-67, ,874 1, 'Brazil 57,011-57, ,107 2, 'Argentina 39,570-39, ,387 1, 'Chile 39,142-39, ,717 1, 'Spain 32,193-30, ,012 1, 'Turkey 15,698-15, , 'India 13,348-13, ,467 1, 'Egypt 8,614-8, ,313 1, 'France 5,344-1, ,091 1, 'Morocco 4,025-4, ,698 1, 'Namibia 2,112-2, ,299 1, 'Cyprus 1,956-1, , 'Australia 1,076-1, , 'Peru , 'Israel , 'Netherlan ds , , 'United States of America ,

13 Table IV Imports of Grapes in Monthly USD thousands Exporters M M M M M M M M M M M11 'World 27,408 68,885 35,963 45,545 32,709 31,887 40,330 70,217 64,721 83,878 63,567 5,079 'Brazil ,907 'Turkey 'South Africa 1,436 1,929 1,510 1, 'Spain 1,151 1, ,889 1, ,248 8,544 8,959 7,225 4,186 0 'Argentina 116 4,070 1, 'Austria 1, ,063 3,590 2,963 4,519 0 'Belgium 5,474 8,931 6,105 9,335 3,007 2,413 2,147 2, ,276 0 'Egypt ,506 3, 'United Kingdom ,823 2, , M12 337

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16 b. Lychees Table I Imports of Lychees from in Value USD thousands Exporters value in 2003 value in 2004 value in 2005 value in 2006 value 2007 'World 9,877 13,190 13,505 12,337 10,070 'Netherlands 4,644 6,707 5,844 5,567 6,053 'France 3,092 4,300 6,649 5,354 3,260 'Thailand 'Italy 'South Africa 'Spain 'Belgium 1,279 1, 'Mauritius 'Viet Nam 'Sri Lanka 'Austria 'India 'Malaysia 'Australia 'Colombia 'Bangladesh 'Slovakia in 340

17 c. Mangoes Table I Imports of Mangoes from in Value USD thousands Exporters value in 2003 value in 2004 value in 2005 value in 2006 value in 2007 'World 36,966 43,067 54,689 57,235 73,305 'Brazil 15,755 19,400 23,756 21,160 27,875 'South Africa 9,455 7,886 9,066 8,384 10,969 'Peru 1,138 3,360 3,865 7,116 8,711 'Israel 1, ,532 2,447 3,258 'Kenya ,548 3,119 'Côte d'ivoire 787 1,769 1,083 1,137 2,749 'Thailand 1,240 1,004 1,341 1,805 2,276 'Spain ,846 'Pakistan 1,377 1,107 1,309 1,583 1,791 'United States of America ,226 'Costa Rica 718 1,080 1,187 1,972 1,175 'Burkina Faso ,042 1,122 Table II Imports of Mangoes from in Quantity in Tons Exporters quantity, quantity, quantity, quantity, quantity Tons Tons Tons Tons 'World 31,937 32,708 39,190 38,709 46,761 'Brazil 15,878 16,984 19,354 16,250 19,865 'Peru 1,091 2,690 3,745 5,748 6,996 'South Africa 8,356 5,241 5,673 5,016 6,318 'Kenya ,228 2,096 'Côte d'ivoire 636 1, ,901 'Spain 'Ecuador 1,282 1,335 1,233 1, 'United States of America 'Israel , 'Pakistan 'Costa Rica ,

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21 d. Chillies Table I Imports of Chillies from USD thousands Exporters value in 2003 value in 2004 value in 2005 value in 2006 value in 2007 'World 483, , , , ,620 'Netherlands 227, , , , ,722 'Spain 204, , , , ,387 'Israel 10,202 24,429 34,033 49, ,224 'Hungary 12,367 13,211 15,754 19,438 18,989 'Morocco 373 1,878 6,264 8,550 15,762 'Turkey 7,534 13,640 16,534 12,499 14,132 'Greece 9,728 10,100 13,182 8,166 11,235 'Italy 3,316 5,377 4,796 6,973 8,626 'Belgium 4,151 3,374 3,105 2,918 3,646 'Thailand ,395 1,369 1,840 'France 1,583 1,728 1,009 1,950 1,526 'Poland ,355 'Egypt , ,134 Table II Imports of Chillies from in Quantity in Tons Exporters quantity, Tons quantity, Tons quantity, Tons quantity, Tons quantity 'World 269, , , , ,776 'Netherlands 99, , , , ,944 'Spain 135, , , ,453 82,117 'Israel 4,898 9,292 14,213 22,116 33,962 'Hungary 11,633 12,656 15,929 16,985 12,595 'Turkey 6,879 12,069 12,279 9,427 8,653 'Morocco 224 1,129 3,783 4,827 6,777 'Greece 4,802 4,879 6,653 4,471 4,378 'Italy 2,490 3,008 3,446 3,672 3,774 'Belgium 1,945 1,756 1,694 1,228 1,563 'Poland

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26 e. Pineapples Table I - Imports of Pineapples from in Value USD thousands Exporters value in 2003 value in 2004 value in 2005 value in 2006 value in 2007 'World 69,765 96, , , ,709 'Costa Rica 20,335 37,572 63,403 99, ,576 'Ecuador 12,278 17,422 22,250 15,179 13,100 'Honduras 3,321 3,684 4,814 5,324 10,614 'Côte d'ivoire 24,066 26,322 15,639 12,642 10,555 'South Africa 2,345 1,396 2,927 8,079 8,237 'Panama ,395 1,623 4,769 'Ghana 3,787 5,158 6,002 3,025 3,222 'Spain ,924 'Brazil ,401 2,266 'Sri Lanka ,008 'Thailand 1, 'Uganda 'France 'Guatemala Table II Imports of Pineapples from in Quantity in Tons Exporters quantity, Tons quantity, Tons quantity, Tons quantity, Tons quantity 'World 66,641 87, , , ,416 'Costa Rica 17,959 31,685 69, , ,906 'Ecuador 10,405 14,886 21,532 17,234 11,754 'Honduras 3,463 3,658 5,700 5,238 10,171 'Côte d'ivoire 27,579 28,191 16,538 12,639 9,032 'South Africa 1, ,163 7,209 6,963 'Panama ,457 2,437 5,681 'Ghana 4,228 5,508 6,898 3,543 3,082 'Spain ,234 'Brazil ,743 'Guatemala 'Thailand

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