Legume ipmpipe Diagnostic Pocket Series Anthracnose Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (on beans and lentil), C. gloeosporioides (on pea)

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1 Anthracnose Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (on beans and lentil), C. gloeosporioides (on pea) FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3

2 Anthracnose Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, C. gloeosporioides AUTHORS: H.F. Schwartz (Colorado State University), G.D. Franc (Univ. of Wyoming), and R.M. Harveson (Univ. of Nebraska) PHOTOGRAPHS: Courtesy of H.F. Schwartz (07/2010) COMMON HOSTS: Common Bean, Lima Bean, Lentil, Pea SYMPTOMS (ON COMMON BEAN): FIGURE 1 Anthracnose symptoms appear as linear or angular, dark, brick-red to black lesions or slightly sunken cankers on leaf veins. Petioles, branches and main stems can also exhibit linear lesions. Symptoms develop on the upper leaf surface, as well and, severe infection can lead to a burning of the leaf tip and edge or death of the leaf. FIGURE 2 Pod infection produces reddish-brown to black circular spots that develop into light-colored cankers. Cankers are often surrounded by a dark brown to black border, within which beige to pink masses of fungal spores develop during moist periods. FIGURE 3 Infection produces dark brown to black cankers and spots on seeds, and severe infections shrivel and abort pods. FACTORS FAVORING: Infected seed, infested debris and volunteers from previous seasons Rainstorms and sprinkler irrigation Moderate temperatures with daily highs less than 27 C [80 F] ADDITIONAL DIAGNOSTICS AVAILABLE AT: Compendium of Bean Diseases, 2nd Ed.

3 Nutrient Imbalances FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3

4 Nutrient Imbalances AUTHORS: H.F. Schwartz (Colorado State University) and M.A.C. Langham. (South Dakota State University) PHOTOGRAPHS: Courtesy of the American Phytopathological Society Bean Compendium (CIAT, A.W. Saettler) [07/10] COMMON HOSTS: All Legume Crops SYMPTOMS (ON COMMON BEAN): Nutrient imbalances may be suspected by the type(s) of symptoms exhibited on plant tissues and entire plants in part or all of an affected field: chlorosis or yellowing; necrosis or death; accumulation of anthocyanins (reddish coloration); lack of new growth; and stunting. Soil testing before planting is recommended to determine existing soil conditions and the need for appropriate amendments. FIGURE 1 Manganese deficiency appears as interveinal yellowing, with green veins, and fine speckling of younger leaves which may appear pimply. Older leaves are smoother, and generally yellowed; and pods may be yellowed. Plants may appear stunted. FIGURE 2 Iron chlorosis may appear as interveinal yellowing, with green veins, of new leaves. More intense yellowing may develop and appear nearly white, yet veins will remain green. Small necrotic (dead) spots may develop and enlarge. FIGURE 3 Zinc deficiency symptoms appear as interveinal yellowing and leaf deformation on younger leaves. Necrotic spots develop, and margins appear lighter in color than the interior of the leaf. FACTORS FAVORING: High soil ph Cold, wet soil after planting Low organic matter content High phosphorus levels Soil compaction, restricted root zones and poor root vigor Leveled or eroded soils Varietal sensitivity ADDITIONAL DIAGNOSTICS AVAILABLE AT: Compendium of Bean Diseases, 2nd Ed.

5 Growth Stages of Lentil Lens culinaris L. FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3

6 Growth Stages of Lentil Lens culinaris L. AUTHORS: H.F. Schwartz (Colorado State University) and M.A.C. Langham (South Dakota State University) PHOTOGRAPHS: Courtesy of H.F. Schwartz and Weidong Chen (USDA-ARS at Washington State University) [07/10] LEGUME TYPE: Lentil VEGETATIVE GROWTH STAGES VE seedling emergence, cotyledonary node visible V1 1st simple leaf unfolded at 1st node V2 2nd simple leaf unfolded at 2nd node V3 1st bifoliate leaf unfolded at 3rd node V4 2nd bifoliate leaf unfolded at 4th node V5 1st multifoliate leaf unfolded at 5rd node [Fig. 1] Vn nth multifoliate leaf unfolded at nth node REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH STAGES R1 early bloom, one open flower at any node R2 full bloom, flower open on nodes of basal branch R3 early pod, pods on nodes of primary branch visible R4 flat pod, pods on nodes at full length and largely flat [Fig. 2] R5 early seed, seed in any pod on nodes fill pod cavity R6 full seed, seed on nodes fill the pod cavities [Fig. 3] PHYSIOLOGICAL MATURITY R7 leaves are yellowing, 50% of pods yellowed R8 90% of pods are golden-brown ADDITIONAL RESOURCES AVAILABLE AT: Compendium of Chickpea & Lentil Diseases and Pests

7 Growth Stages of Pea Pisum sativum L. FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3

8 Growth Stages of Pea Pisum sativum L. AUTHORS: H.F. Schwartz (Colorado State University) and M.A.C. Langham (South Dakota State University) PHOTOGRAPHS: Courtesy of Sam Markell & Kevin McPhee (North Dakota State University), and Weidong Chen (USDA-ARS at Washington State University) [07/10] LEGUME TYPES: Field (VE R7), Fresh (VE R4) Peas GERMINATION AND EMERGENCE STAGES VE epicotyl has emerged from soil VS two small scale leaves appear on stem VEGETATIVE GROWTH STAGES (1 OR MORE PAIRS OF LEAFLETS) V1 1st true leaf unfolded at 1st node above VS, no tendril V2 2nd true leaf unfolded at 2nd node, tendril present V3 3rd true leaf unfolded at 3rd node, tendril present Vn nth true leaf unfolded at nth node, tendril present REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH STAGES R1 flower bud present at one or more nodes [Fig. 1] R2 first open flower at one or more nodes [Fig. 2] R3 first flat pod present at one or more nodes R4 green seeds fill the pod cavity at one or more nodes [Fig. 3] R5 leaves start yellowing and lower pods turn yellow to brown R6 dry seeds fill the pod cavity at one or more nodes R7 most pods are yellow to golden-brown ADDITIONAL RESOURCES AVAILABLE AT: Compendium of Pea Diseases and Pests, 2nd Ed.