Caneberry Cultivars in the Pacific Northwest. Pat Moore, Washington State University Michael Dossett, BC Blueberry Council

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1 Caneberry Cultivars in the Pacific Northwest Chad Finn, USDA ARS, HCRU Chad Finn, USDA ARS, HCRU Pat Moore, Washington State University Michael Dossett, BC Blueberry Council

2 Overview of industry & types of caneberries grown Blackberry Red raspberry Black raspberry

3 Overview of industry & types of caneberries grown Blackberry Red raspberry Black raspberry

4 Pacific Northwest Annual Production (mean over last 5 years) Area Production Price acres 1,000lbs lbs/acre US/lb Red Raspberry Ore. 1,260 5,504 4, Wash. 9,760 67,214 6, British Columbia 3,695 22,977 Black raspberry- Ore. 1,080 3,092 2, Blackberries- Ore. 6,740 47,226 7,

8 AgCanada Blueberry Strawberry Raspberry WSU Strawberry Raspberry USDA-ARS ARS & OSU Strawberry Blackberry Raspberry Blueberry 1995 by R. Sterner, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory

9 Trailing Blackberry Crown forming Require trellis Main cultivars Marion, Black Diamond, Columbia Star, Thornless Evergreen Newer cultivars Obsidian, Onyx, Metolius, Raspberry x Blackberry hybrids Logan Boysen Tayberry

11 Erect Blackberries Primarily Ouachita 3-4 tons/acre Wholesale fresh market Sucker Minimal trellis Summer pruning Ripen E. July late August

12 Semi-erect Blackberries Primarily Chester Thornless & Triple Crown tons/acre Wholesale fresh market Crown forming Must be trellised Summer pruning Ripen Early August-Frost

13 Overview of industry & types of caneberries grown Blackberry Red raspberry Black raspberry

15 1.9%

16 Marion Marketed as Marionberry Chehalem x Olallie blackberry offspring; 1956 release Excellent fruit quality especially aromatic flavor High soluble solids Machine harvestable Perceived as seedless Negatives Thorny Not great winter hardiness Need better yield Soft Turns purple

17 Black Diamond Thornless Larger and firmer than Marion Excellent quality Productive Less vigorous/dense plant Good flavor and fruit quality An Oregon grower has machined and shipped fresh. More cold tolerant than Marion Top seller last 10 years

18 Columbia Star (US patent appl. S.N. 13/815,074) Thornless with outstanding yield One of the most exciting we have ever had In small scale grower trial Appears to machine well Excellent fresh and processed fruit quality particularly flavor! Concerns: - Only short time in evaluation

19 Columbia Star 1 st machine pick in Wash. and Ore.

20 Willamette Thornless Marion USPPAF Found and developed dby Leonard dj Heidt Good: Thornless canes Marion fruit Less good: Marion fruit Marion yield Available to select growers

21 Obsidian Fresh market, thorny Very early ripening Large Stays black in freezer & refrigeration Very productive Ships well llbut tjust tbarely firm enough Filled early niche in Cal. and NW. Silvan Metolius Obsidian

22 Metolius Fresh Market Thorny, trailing Very early Productive Excellent flavor Firm Working in some wholesale programs

23 Newberry Dual purpose Thorny, vigorous V. high yields of large fruit Boysen color & look but not same flavor. Grower if blindfolded could not tell the difference In California, wholesale fresh market, sold as Ruby Boysen Holds up fresh better than Boysen, less bleeding Different than others so sells An Escapee!!! R. Crosse

24 ORUS Will be released this year Thornless with outstanding yield Giant berries Excellent fresh and processed fruit quality! Roadside fresh as too big for wholesale? Concerns: Not widely tested

25 ORUS ORUS Will name Thornless, semi erect habit 75% Eastern (erect/semi erect) erect) (Navaho x ORUS ) x Triple Crown Excellent yield Large fruit, roundish shape; V. glossy; Good flavor/ v. sweet, V. good firmness Ripens late lt July early l August

26 ORUS ORUS Thornless, semi erect habit 75% Eastern (erect/semi erect) (Navaho x ORUS ) 1) x Triple Crown Marion+ yields Marion size fruit, roundish shape; V. glossy; Good flavor/ v. sweet, V. good firmness Ripens late July early August

27 ORUS Thornless Very early; midpoint harvest 13 d before Black Diamond in 2014 High yields 1 st year= Black Diamond Large fruit Should machine harvest Not available at nurseries yet ORUS v. B. Diamond

28 ORUS Thorny Looks like a Tayberry Should machine harvest Performed well in California for fresh Concerns: Not widely tested Not available at nurseries yet

29 Prime-Ark 45 Pi Primocane fruiting, Thorny Good yields Largefruit fruit, g Fair flavor, sweet with mild bitter aftertaste. Ripens mid-september to mid October Firm Crunchy/seedy Concerns: Quality Must have tunnels or yield too small

30 Blackberry Questions?? Black Diamond Onyx Black Pearl Wild Treasure Newberry Obsidian Metolius Nightfall

31 Overview of industry & types of caneberries grown Blackberry Red raspberry Black raspberry

34 Meeker Leading cultivar in Northwest Has declined d from ~60% of NW production 10 years ago to 40% of plants being planted in 2014 Excellent for machine harvesting processing Susceptible to RBDV

35 Wakefield Floricane bearing Offspring of Lewis Release from Enfield Farms/Northwest Plants and NZ Hort Research collaborative program ~$1500 acres for rights to grow Poor suckering so tissue culture only. Uniform good yields of high quality IQF fruit

36 Chemainus Mid season Excellent fruit quality Large Very good yield Some root rot resistance

37 Lewis Floricane fruiter ORUS ; Released due to performance in New Zealand Parent of Wakefield Outstanding fruit quality Very good yield 1 2 weeks later than Meeker In Lynden mixed 1 st harvest evaluation. Fresh or Processed Nurseries have!

38 Cascade Delight Wash. State University High quality fresh market berry Similar season as Tulameen, but larger and firmer Has field resistance to root rot Lateral breakage in machine harvested trials

39 Cascade Gold Floricane bearing; Early WSU Release Good yields Large, firm, excellent flavor quality Easy fruit release Root rot susceptible RBDV resistant

40 Cascade Harvest Floricane bearing, Processing/fresh WSU Release High yields Outstanding fruit quality Machine harvests Tolerates root rot and RBDV (common strain)

41 Squamish Formerly BC (Malahat x BC ) Early ripening replacement for Malahat Dual-purpose - machine harvests very well Better tolerance to root rot than Malahat Productive Large (5 g), conical, medium-red, glossy Firm with v. good flavor Resistant to most aphids Susceptible to spur blight and RBDV

42 Vintage (USPP24,198) Fresh Market Primocane fruiting Excellent eating!!! Earlier than Heritage Firm, glossy, bright beautiful fruit; can be picked firm pink with excellent flavor 30% bigger than Heritage Yield in various trials has ranged from a bit higher to a bit lower than Heritage Phytophthora susceptible Plants available! Vintage vs. Heritage

43 ORUS Fresh Market Primocane fruiting Excellent eating!!! Similar season to Heritage Larger fruit and higher yield than Heritage Performed well as fresh wholesale berry trials in Mexico Plants available! ORUS ORUS

44 ORUS and Vintage in Mexico ORUS

45 Overview of industry & types of caneberries grown Blackberry Red raspberry Black raspberry

47 Nurseries Carrying Northwest Raspberry & Blackberry Cultivars (typically (yp ymust place order for in the future rather than carrying inventory) Arbor Grove Nursery Indiana Berry & Plant Co. Lassen Canyon Nursery Norcal Nursery North American Plants wwwnorcalnurserycom/ Northwest tplant Co. Spooner Farms

48 Questions? Take a leap & try some of these!

49 We have all drunk from wells we did not dig & have been warmed by fires we did not build. Anon. Questions?

Exciting New Small Fruit Cultivars and Selections

Exciting New Small Fruit Cultivars and Selections Chad Finn, Ted Mackey, Mary Peterson, Robert Martin- USDA-ARS Bernadine Strik, Gil Buller, Nino Adams- OSU; NWREC Pat Moore- WSU- Puyallup Chaim Kempler,