3/19/2010. The Bagrada Bug, a New Invasive Pest of Cole Crops. John Palumbo, Yuma Ag Center University of Arizona, Yuma

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1 The Bagrada Bug, a New Invasive Pest of Cole Crops John Palumbo, Yuma Ag Center University of Arizona, Yuma Harlequin bug Murgantia histronica Bagrada bug Bagrada hilaris 1

2 It was common to see the small stink bug walking on the bed surface, and not unusual to find mating pairs walking on plants and soil surfaces Bagrada bugs will lay eggs on the leaves, and in the soil underneath the plants. A single female can lay as many as 100 eggs within 2 to 3 weeks. The incubation period is 4 to 8 days. This eggmass was found on a broccoli cotyledon in the Yuma Valley. 2

3 Here is the same egg mass after 4 days at room temperature. Although mating was obviously occurring, we did not observe any egg masses on the plants. The above image shows what we presume is a neonate, newly hatched nymph found crawling on the soil surface. Note its size relative to the knife blade. 3

4 Bagrada bug - biology (India / Pakastan) Development Time (days) Egg hatch Nymph development Pre-oviposition period o F 86 o F 95 o F Average Temperature 4

5 Bagrada bug - biology (India / Pakastan) Adult Longevity (days) 30 Development Time (days) Egg hatch Nymph development Pre-oviposition period o 75 o F 86 o 86 o F 95 o F 95 o F F Average Temperature Average Temperature Bagrada bug - biology (India / Pakastan) Adult Fecundity Longevity (eggs(days) / female) 30 Development Time (days) Egg hatch Nymph development Pre-oviposition period o 75 o F 86 o 86 o F 95 o F 95 o F F Average Temperature Average Temperature 5

6 Host Range Cruciferous Agronomic canola chard potaoto broccoli mizuna maize cauliflower bok choy sorghum cabbage napa cotton broccoflower arugula legumes (?) kale mustards wheat turnips rutabaga pearl millet radish collards Capers Host Range Weeds lambsquarter black mustard purple nutsedge Euphorbia spp. perennial sowthistle field bindweed shepardspurse (?) 6

7 Host Range *** Major pest of Canola & Brassica seed crops Symptoms / Damage 7

8 Damage on leaves might be mistaken for herbicide damage (e.g., Goaltender) 8

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10 Injured Plants (%) Wilted Terminal Dead Terminal days 3 days Infested Plants (1 adult / plant) 2 days 3 days Check (no adults) 10

11 Adult bragada bug feeding on broccoli cotyledon, Coachella Valley, CA, Sep Note: the mouthparts underneath head inserted into leaf tissue (arrow) 11

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15 This is your Broccoli 15

16 This is your Broccoli on bagrada bugs Are Bagrada bugs more active at Night? Consperse stink bug Euschistus conspersus 16

17 Are Bagrada bugs more active at Night? Southern Green Stink Bug Nezara virdula Effective Chemical Control India and Pakastan OP / CH Carbamates Pyrethroid Seed Treatments Others Lorsban Warrior Azodrin Garlic Azodrin Mustang phosphamidon Pepper Endosulfan Asana carbosulfan Soap MSR Danitol lindane Tobacco lindane fluvalinate Neem malathion pyrethrin Sevin dichlorvos phosalone MSR Economic Threshold: -Seedlings: 1 bug/m 2 -Larger plants: 3 bugs 17

18 Trial I -Sep 24, broccoli -cotyledon stage -20 GPA Bagrada bugs / 20 plants 3 DAT 5 DAT 0.0 NAI 2302 Belay Brigade Untreated Trial II - Sep 29, cabbage -cotyledon -24 GPA DAT 3 DAT 5 DAT 0.0 Mustang 4 oz Brigade 5 oz Lannate 0.5 lb Untreated Bagrada Bugs Alternatives for Bagrada bug Control in Desert Cole Crops Lannate Lorsban Diazinon Orthene Warrior Mustang Max Asana Voliam Xpress Venom Assail Belay 1 2 All of these products have shown good control of Harliquin bug in the southern and eastern U.S. 18

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