101 Is the species highly domesticated?

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1 Famil: Mrtaceae Taxo: Pliia edulis Som: Mrciaria edulis (Vell.) Skeels Eugeia edulis Vell. Commo Name: Cambucá Cambuca-verdadeiro Questioaire : curret Status: Assessor Approved Assessor: Chuck Chimera Desigatio: L Data Etr Perso: Chuck Chimera WRA Score Is the species highl domesticated? =-3, =0 102 Has the species become aturalized where grow? =1, = Does the species have weed races? =1, = Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If islad is primaril wet habitat, the (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appedix 2) 202 Qualit of climate match data (0-low; 1-itermediate; 2- High high) (See Appedix 2) 203 Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit) =1, =0 204 Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates =1, =0 205 Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? =-2,?=-1, =0 301 Naturalized beod ative rage = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2), = questio Garde/ameit/disturbace weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 304 Evirometal weed =0, = 2*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 305 Cogeeric weed =0, = 1*multiplier (see Appedix 2) 401 Produces spies, thors or burrs =1, =0 402 Allelopathic =1, =0 403 Parasitic =1, =0 404 Upalatable to grazig aimals =1, = Toxic to aimals =1, =0 406 Host for recogized pests ad pathoges =1, =0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas =1, =0 408 Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems =1, =0 409 Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle =1, =0 410 Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios (or limestoe coditios if ot a volcaic islad) =1, =0 411 Climbig or smotherig growth habit =1, =0 Prit Date: 7/20/2011 Pliia edulis (Mrtaceae) Page 1 of 7

2 412 Forms dese thickets =1, =0 501 Aquatic =5, =0 502 Grass =1, =0 503 Nitroge fixig wood plat =1, =0 504 Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) =1, =0 601 Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat =1, =0 602 Produces viable seed =1, = Hbridizes aturall =1, = Self-compatible or apomictic =1, = Requires specialist polliators =-1, =0 606 Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio =1, = Miimum geerative time (ears) 1 ear = 1, 2 or 3 ears = 0, >3 4+ ears = Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall (plats growig i heavil trafficked =1, =-1 areas) 702 Propagules dispersed itetioall b people =1, = Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat =1, = Propagules adapted to wid dispersal =1, = Propagules water dispersed =1, = Propagules bird dispersed =1, = Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall) =1, = Propagules survive passage through the gut =1, = Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2) =1, = Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r) =1, = Well cotrolled b herbicides =-1, =1 804 Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire =1, = Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets) =-1, =1 Desigatio: L WRA Score -3 Prit Date: 7/20/2011 Pliia edulis (Mrtaceae) Page 2 of 7

3 Supportig Data: Ladrum, L.R./Kawasaki, M.L.. The geera [Is the species highl domesticated? No] No evidece of Mrtaceae i Brazil: a illustrated soptic treatmet ad idetificatio kes. Brittoia. 49(4): Fruitipedia. Cambuca (Pliia edulis). [Is the species highl domesticated? No] No evidece WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. NA Apel, M.A./Sobral, M./Zuaazzi, J.A./Heriques, A.T.. Essetial oil compositio of four Pliia species (Mrtaceae). Flavour ad Fragrace Joural. 21: Apel, M.A./Sobral, M./Zuaazzi, J.A./Heriques, A.T.. Essetial oil compositio of four Pliia species (Mrtaceae). Flavour ad Fragrace Joural. 21: [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) 2-high] "P. edulis (Vell.) Sobral is a tree, occurrig i the coastal Atlatic Brazilia forests, ragig from Rio de Jaeiro to Rio Grade do Sul. It is occasioall cultivated for its fruits. Veracular ame: cambucá." [Qualit of climate match data? 2-high] "P. edulis (Vell.) Sobral is a tree, occurrig i the coastal Atlatic Brazilia forests, ragig from Rio de Jaeiro to Rio Grade do Sul." Fruitipedia. Cambuca (Pliia edulis). [Broad climate suitabilit (evirometal versatilit)? No] "Cambucá is ative from the Brazilia southeast coast, betwee parallel 21 ad 24 south i Rio de Jaeiro ad São Paulo states. It is a ver arrow area surrouded b the Atlatic Ocea ad the "Serra do Mar" moutai ridge. This is a ver hot ad rai regio with temperatures betwee 9 ad 42 C ad aual raifall aroud mm. However, this plat ca be ver well adapted to ma differet climates. There are well developed ad good bearig trees i colder places as Petrópolis, over the hills aroud Rio de Jaeiro (850 m i elevatio ad miimum temperature aroud 0 C) ad Porto Alegre, situated 30 south ad with temperatures chagig from 1 to 40 C. I drer places, as Campos or Piracicaba (aual raifall < 1,200 mm), well-established trees ca tolerate as much as 2 moths of drought without irrigatio. The tree thrives well i Recife, located at 8 south to the equator." Apel, M.A./Sobral, M./Zuaazzi, J.A./Heriques, A.T.. Essetial oil compositio of four Pliia species (Mrtaceae). Flavour ad Fragrace Joural. 21: [Native or aturalized i regios with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "P. edulis (Vell.) Sobral is a tree, occurrig i the coastal Atlatic Brazilia forests, ragig from Rio de Jaeiro to Rio Grade do Sul." Fruitipedia. Cambuca (Pliia edulis). [Does the species have a histor of repeated itroductios outside its atural rage? No] "Amog the umberless, ative Mrtaceae fruits from Brazil, there are ma that were distributed aroud the tropical parts of the world, such as guava, feijoa, pitaga, jaboticaba, ellow jaboticaba, grumichama, pitomba, Rio Grade cherr. Nevertheless, the cambucá, a superior fruit i m opiio, was ureasoabl forgotte b the first foreiger explorers despite its qualities, as the well balaced sweet-acid flavor, the soft texture, the medium fruit size, the high pulp cotet ad the large fruit ield. Eve i Brazil, there are ver little people who kow it. We ca fid some trees called "Cambucaseiros" ol i a few rare fruit growers orchards ad i some botaic gardes. It was a ver usual fruit at the Rio de Jaeiro markets 60 ears ago but toda it disappeared due to devastatio of its atural eviromet...there is ver little iformatio about the existece of specimes growig outside Brazil. To m kowledge, it is a almost ukow fruit i the Uited States. Some specialized books give ver few iformatio, usig o more tha 5 lies to describe it. There are some oug seedligs plated i 1993 growig i Florida (Fruit & Spice Park ad Bill Whitma), i Hawaii (Frakie's Sekia Nurser) ad i Sde (Has Muller). Eve i subtropical areas, the showed to be cold hard durig the witer." Wager, W.L./Herbst, D.R./Lorece, D.H.. [Naturalized beod ative rage? No] No evidece i the Hawaiia Islads Flora of the Hawaiia Islads website. Smithsoia Istitutio, Washigto, D.C. iaflora/idex.htm Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex [Olie Database]. [Naturalized beod ative rage? No] No evidece Prit Date: 7/20/2011 Pliia edulis (Mrtaceae) Page 3 of 7

4 Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex [Olie Database] Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex [Olie Database] Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex [Olie Database] Radall, R.P.. Global Compedium of Weeds - Idex [Olie Database] Ladrum, L.R./Kawasaki, M.L.. The geera of Mrtaceae i Brazil: a illustrated soptic treatmet ad idetificatio kes. Brittoia. 49(4): [Garde/ameit/disturbace weed? No] No evidece [Agricultural/forestr/horticultural weed? No] No evidece [Evirometal weed? No] No evidece [Cogeeric weed? No] No evidece [Produces spies, thors or burrs? No] "Pliia L.--Trees or shrubs; hairs simple; iflorescece a bracteate shoot ofte reduced to a glomerule, the peducles ofte subteded b cospicuous persistet bracts; flowers 4-merous, usuall silk pubescet; calx closed or earl so, tearig irregularl; ovar 2-1ocular; ovules usuall 2 per locule; fruit crowed b remats of the calx; seeds 1-2; seed coat membraous; embro with 2 separate, piao-covex cotledos." [No evidece i geus] WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Allelopathic? Ukow] Ulikel, as this is a tree cultivated for its edible fruit, but little iformatio is available o the ecolog of this species Fruitipedia. Cambuca (Pliia edulis). [Parasitic? No] "Cambucá is a ver slow growig, evergree tree, reachig usuall from 5 to 12 m high. The short truk (30% of the total height), 30 to 50 cm i diameter, has a wide ad dese crow of sleder, spreadig braches. As ma other plats from its famil, it has a smooth, thi, pale browish gra outer bark easil pealed off i large flakes to show the copper laer below." Apel, M.A./Sobral, M./Zuaazzi, J.A./Heriques, A.T.. Essetial oil compositio of four Pliia species (Mrtaceae). Flavour ad Fragrace Joural. 21: Ishikawa, T./dos Satos Doatii, R./Collates Diaz, I.E./Yoshida, M./Bacchi, E.M./Kato, E.T.M.. Evaluatio of gastroprotective activit of Pliia edulis (Vell.) Sobral (Mrtaceae) leaves i rats. Joural of Ethopharmacolog. 118: [Upalatable to grazig aimals? Ukow] "I the preset ivestigatio of Pliia species, the chemical compositios of the volatile oils from P. cauliflora, P. cordifolia, P. edulis ad P. truciflora were aalsed." [Chemical compouds i leaves ma deter browsig or grazig] [Toxic to aimals? No] "No toxicit effects were observed i mice treated with 5 g/kg p.o. of LE. Compared with cotrols, o sigificat alteratios i water or food cosumptio or bod weight were see i treated aimals durig the experimet. No sigificat differeces were foud i kide, liver, lugs, or heart weight betwee treated aimals ad cotrols. No macroscopic differeces betwee orgas of treated ad cotrol aimals were observed." [No evidece from laborator experimets] WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Toxic to aimals? No] No aecdotal evidece from horticultural commuit Raga, A./Machado, R.A./Fracisco de Souza Filho, M./Eidi Sato, M./Cássio Siloto, R.. Tephritoidea (Diptera) species from Mrtaceae fruits i the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Etomotropica. 20(1): [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? A potetial host of fruit flies] "A field surve was coducted from August 1997 to Jauar 2003 to idetif the Tephritoidea diversit from 15 Mrtaceae species (icludig guavas) collected i the State of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 38,386 fruits ( kg) were collected from uspraed trees. From 188 samples of fruits 25,162 puparia ad 15,439 adults of Tephritoidea were recovered. Aastrepha spp. ad Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) flies were obtaied from 78.7% ad 16.5% of the samples, respectivel. About 95.8% of all flies beloged to Tephritidae (98.3% Aastrepha spp. ad 1.7% C. capitata) ad 4.2% beloged to Lochaeidae (Neosilba spp.). From 14,540 specimes of Aastrepha, it was obtaied 6,642 Aastrepha females idetified as: A. fraterculus, A. bistrigata, A. obliqua, A. sororcula, A. zeildae, A. striata, A. turpiiae ad A. bahiesis. Aastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) was domiat. Mea ifestatio idices were 0.66 puparium of Tephritoidea/fruit ad 59.9 puparia/kg of fruit." Fruitipedia. Cambuca (Pliia edulis). [Host for recogized pests ad pathoges? Possibl] "The mai disease is the rust caused b fugus (Pucciea cambucae ad Uredo flavidula) that covers ma parts of the plat with a red golde dust of beautiful aspect. The are easil cotrolled. Occasioall, some truk borer (Cratosomus udabudos ad Steomaalbella), usual i others ative Mrtaceae, makes holes uder the bark ad log galleries dowward iside the braches requirig cotrol practices. Sometimes, a leaf caterpillar (Chrsomphabus aoidium) ma attack the plat." Prit Date: 7/20/2011 Pliia edulis (Mrtaceae) Page 4 of 7

5 Ishikawa, T./dos Satos Doatii, R./Collates Diaz, I.E./Yoshida, M./Bacchi, E.M./Kato, E.T.M.. Evaluatio of gastroprotective activit of Pliia edulis (Vell.) Sobral (Mrtaceae) leaves i rats. Joural of Ethopharmacolog. 118: Ishikawa, T./Kato, E.T.M./Yoshida, M./Kaeko, T.M.. Morphoaatomic aspects ad phtochemical screeig of Pliia edulis (Vell.) Sobral (Mrtaceae). Brazilia Joural of Pharmaceutical Scieces. 44(3): Ladrum, L.R./Kawasaki, M.L.. The geera of Mrtaceae i Brazil: a illustrated soptic treatmet ad idetificatio kes. Brittoia. 49(4): [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No] "Pliia edulis, a arboreous species popularl kow as cambuc a, is ative to the Brazilia Atlatic Rai Forest. Despite its traditioal uses, o reports are available o the safet of this utilizatio or o the relatioship betwee the atiulcer activit of its extract ad its phtochemical compouds. This paper reports o the ivestigatio of the acute toxicit ad gastroprotective effect of the aqueous ethaol extract of leaves of Pliia edulis o HCl/ethaol iduced ulcers. I order to correlate the secodar metabolites ad the efficac of the crude drug i traditioal medicie, the extract was submitted to chromatographic fractioatio after solvet partitio. The extract did ot show acute toxicit i mice treated with 5 g/kg p.o., but exhibited sigificat atiulcer activit i rats at doses of 100, 200, ad 400 mg/kg p.o., more active tha the referece drug lasoprazole.the ethl acetate fractio ielded -amri, oleaolic acid, ursolic acid, ad masliic acid, which were idetified based o spectrometric aalses. Sice atiulcerogeic activit is ot restricted to oe class of compouds i plats, the triterpeoids isolated i the extract ca be associated with the observed effect." [Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humas? No] "It is well kow due their juic fruits ad uses i folk medicie agaist stomach problems ad throat affectio (Nascete, 2008; Maciel, Cardoso, 2003). Although the species has bee commol used i traditioal medicie, scietific reports o it are limited. This plat has bee show to exhibited gastroprotective activit (Ishikawa et al., 2003)." [No evidece] [Creates a fire hazard i atural ecosstems? No] No evidece that species are adapted to a fire proe ecosstem Fruitipedia. Cambuca (Pliia edulis). [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Possibl] "Cambuca prefers a deep, rich, well draied soil ad supports full su." [No iformatio o shade tolerace of adult trees] Frutas Raras. Pliia edulis. [Is a shade tolerat plat at some stage of its life ccle? Possibl] "ejo shaded eviromet...for at least 2 ears before platig." [origial i Portuguese] ia.htm Fruitipedia. Cambuca (Pliia edulis). [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? No] "Cambuca prefers a deep, rich, well draied soil " Frutas Raras. Pliia edulis. [Tolerates a wide rage of soil coditios? No] "The soil should be deep, moist, eutral, with sad or cla formatio" [origial i Portuguese] ia.htm Ishikawa, T./dos Satos Doatii, R./Collates Diaz, I.E./Yoshida, M./Bacchi, E.M./Kato, E.T.M.. Evaluatio of gastroprotective activit of Pliia edulis (Vell.) Sobral (Mrtaceae) leaves i rats. Joural of Ethopharmacolog. 118: WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Forms dese thickets? Ukow] [Climbig or smotherig growth habit? No] "Pliia edulis (Mrtaceae) is a arboreous species that grows i Brazil from the state of Rio de Jaeiro southward to Rio Grade do Sul (Lorezi et al., 2006)." Fruitipedia. Cambuca (Pliia edulis). [Aquatic? No] "Cambucá is a ver slow growig, evergree tree, reachig usuall from 5 to 12 m high." Tropicos.org. Tropicos [Olie Database]. [Grass? No] Mrtaceae Missouri Botaical Garde, Tropicos.org. Tropicos [Olie Database]. [Nitroge fixig wood plat? No] Mrtaceae Missouri Botaical Garde, Fruitipedia. Cambuca (Pliia edulis). [Geophte (herbaceous with udergroud storage orgas -- bulbs, corms, or tubers)? No] "Cambucá is a ver slow growig, evergree tree, reachig usuall from 5 to 12 m high. The short truk (30% of the total height), 30 to 50 cm i diameter, has a wide ad dese crow of sleder, spreadig braches. As ma other plats from its famil, it has a smooth, thi, pale browish-gra outer bark easil pealed off i large flakes to show the copper laer below." Ladrum, L.R./Kawasaki, M.L.. The geera [Evidece of substatial reproductive failure i ative habitat? No] No evidece of Mrtaceae i Brazil: a illustrated soptic treatmet ad idetificatio kes. Brittoia. 49(4): Prit Date: 7/20/2011 Pliia edulis (Mrtaceae) Page 5 of 7

6 Fruitipedia. Cambuca (Pliia edulis). [Produces viable seed? Yes] "Cambucá is geerall propagated b seeds." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Hbridizes aturall? Ukow] Lughadha, E.N./Proeca, C.. A Surve of the Reproductive Biolog of the Mrtoideae (Mrtaceae). Aals of the Missouri Botaical Garde. 83(4): Lughadha, E.N./Proeca, C.. A Surve of the Reproductive Biolog of the Mrtoideae (Mrtaceae). Aals of the Missouri Botaical Garde. 83(4): [Self-compatible or apomictic? Ukow] "Outbreedig is probabl widespread, although both self compatible ad self-icompatible species exist. The self icompatible species have self polle tubes peetratig the microples, so preferetial outcrossig ma be maitaied b a late actig mechaism. Crptic dioec, i which female flowers have "mimic" sterile athers occurs i several geera. Apomixis occurs i Szgium ad this has bee reported to be liked to the polembro foud i this geus" [No iformatio o reproductive sstem of Pliia] [Requires specialist polliators? Probabl ot] "Bee-polliatio i which polle is the sole reward is the domiat polliatio sstem. Nectar has bee best documeted i Szgium but probabl also occurs i other bee-polliated geera. The most commo bee visitors are Apidae: Melipoiae ad Bombia...Studies of geera of Mrtoideae other tha Szgium have geerall failed to fid a evidece of ectar productio. Nectar is abset i flowers of souther Africa Eugeia species (va Wk & Lowre, 1988) ad, apparetl, i most South America Mrtoideae (Ladrum, 1986; Proeca & Gibbs, 1994; Nic Lughadha, upublished data). Exceptios iclude the report b Pirai ad Cortopassi-Laurio (1993) of bees collectig polle ad ectar from flowers of Pliia glomerata (0. Berg) Amshoff ad that of Peters ad Vasquez (1986/87) o ectar productio i Mrciaria dubia" Fruitipedia. Cambuca (Pliia edulis). [Reproductio b vegetative fragmetatio? No] "Cambucá is geerall propagated b seeds." [No evidece] Fruitipedia. Cambuca (Pliia edulis). [Miimum geerative time (ears)? 4+] "It is a ver slow growig plat. Trees 5 ad 10 ear old, are just m ad m high, respectivel. Youg trees must be prued to maitai the truk cleaed up to about 70 cm...seedligs commol begi to flower ad bear betwee 5 ad 12 ears depedig mail o the climatic coditios." Fruitipedia. Cambuca (Pliia edulis). [Propagules likel to be dispersed uitetioall? No] " The ver smooth, short stalked, globular berr is larger tha most Mrciaria ad Eugeia. The are gree at the begiig, turig ellow to bright orage ellow whe ripe, presetig ma slightl raised logitudial ridges. Some old books metio about the existece of fruits up to 9 cm large, but the trees that I kow produce smaller fruits. Their size rages from 5.0 to 7.0 cm i diameter ad 4.2 to 5.5 cm i height ad their weight from 55 to 140 g. Uder the leather, thi ski, there is a soft, grailess, juic, orage-ellow, 0.4 to 0.7 cm thick flesh, similar to Peaches i texture. It ivolves a icredibl delicious, traslucet, meltig, ellow, 0.5 to 0.8 cm thick pulp that ecloses oe or rarel (5%) two hard, oblog, flatteed, light purple seeds, easil separable from the pulp. Both, flesh ad pulp, have a delicious, well balaced subacid to sweet flavor, resemblig jaboticabas, grumichamas ad pitombas, but without a trace of astrigec or resious aftertaste." [Large fruits ad seeds with o meas of exteral attachmet] Apel, M.A./Sobral, M./Zuaazzi, J.A./Heriques, A.T.. Essetial oil compositio of four Pliia species (Mrtaceae). Flavour ad Fragrace Joural. 21: [Propagules dispersed itetioall b people? Yes] "It is occasioall cultivated for its fruits." Fruitipedia. Cambuca (Pliia edulis). [Propagules likel to disperse as a produce cotamiat? No] "The ver smooth, short stalked, globular berr is larger tha most Mrciaria ad Eugeia. The are gree at the begiig, turig ellow to bright orage-ellow whe ripe, presetig ma slightl raised logitudial ridges. Some old books metio about the existece of fruits up to 9 cm large, but the trees that I kow produce smaller fruits. Their size rages from 5.0 to 7.0 cm i diameter ad 4.2 to 5.5 cm i height ad their weight from 55 to 140 g. Uder the leather, thi ski, there is a soft, grailess, juic, orage-ellow, 0.4 to 0.7 cm thick flesh, similar to Peaches i texture. It ivolves a icredibl delicious, traslucet, meltig, ellow, 0.5 to 0.8 cm thick pulp that ecloses oe or rarel (5%) two hard, oblog, flatteed, light purple seeds, easil separable from the pulp." [No evidece, ad ulikel due to large fruits & seeds] Prit Date: 7/20/2011 Pliia edulis (Mrtaceae) Page 6 of 7

7 Fruitipedia. Cambuca (Pliia edulis). [Propagules adapted to wid dispersal? No] "The ver smooth, short stalked, globular berr is larger tha most Mrciaria ad Eugeia...Their size rages from 5.0 to 7.0 cm i diameter ad 4.2 to 5.5 cm i height ad their weight from 55 to 140 g. Uder the leather, thi ski, there is a soft, grailess, juic, orageellow, 0.4 to 0.7 cm thick flesh, similar to Peaches i texture." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Propagules water dispersed? Ukow] Ukow if large fruit are buoat Lughadha, E.N./Proeca, C.. A Surve of the Reproductive Biolog of the Mrtoideae (Mrtaceae). Aals of the Missouri Botaical Garde. 83(4): Lughadha, E.N./Proeca, C.. A Surve of the Reproductive Biolog of the Mrtoideae (Mrtaceae). Aals of the Missouri Botaical Garde. 83(4): Lughadha, E.N./Proeca, C.. A Surve of the Reproductive Biolog of the Mrtoideae (Mrtaceae). Aals of the Missouri Botaical Garde. 83(4): [Propagules bird dispersed? Yes] "...fruit crowed b remats of the calx; seeds 1-2;" [Flesh-fruited ad presumabl adapted for bird ad/or other vertebrate dispersal, but relativel large fruits & seeds make bird dispersal i Hawaiia Islads ad other islad ecosstems lackig large frugivorous birds improbable] [Propagules dispersed b other aimals (exterall)? No. Ulikel]...fruit crowed b remats of the calx; seeds 1-2;" [Fruit ad seeds without meas of exteral attachmet, although fruit could hpotheticall be moved b rodets or groud foragig birds for short distaces] [Propagules survive passage through the gut? Probabl Yes] "...fruit crowed b remats of the calx; seeds 1-2;" [Flesh-fruited ad presumabl adapted for bird ad/or other vertebrate dispersal. Could potetiall be dispersed b pigs or other large mammals that cosume the fruit] Fruitipedia. Cambuca (Pliia edulis). [Prolific seed productio (>1000/m2)? No] "The ver smooth, short stalked, globular berr is larger tha most Mrciaria ad Eugeia. The are gree at the begiig, turig ellow to bright orage-ellow whe ripe, presetig ma slightl raised logitudial ridges. Some old books metio about the existece of fruits up to 9 cm large, but the trees that I kow produce smaller fruits. Their size rages from 5.0 to 7.0 cm i diameter ad 4.2 to 5.5 cm i height ad their weight from 55 to 140 g. Uder the leather, thi ski, there is a soft, grailess, juic, orage-ellow, 0.4 to 0.7 cm thick flesh, similar to Peaches i texture. It ivolves a icredibl delicious, traslucet, meltig, ellow, 0.5 to 0.8 cm thick pulp that ecloses oe or rarel (5%) two hard, oblog, flatteed, light purple seeds, easil separable from the pulp." [Large, few-seeded fruits] Fruitipedia. Cambuca (Pliia edulis). [Evidece that a persistet propagule bak is formed (>1 r)? No] "Cambucá is geerall propagated b seeds. The remai viable for o more tha oe week whe kept dried or four weeks whe preserved i moist sawdust or sphagum moss." WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Well cotrolled b herbicides? Ukow] No iformatio o herbicide efficac or chemical cotrol of Pliia edulis WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Tolerates, or beefits from, mutilatio, cultivatio, or fire? Ukow] WRA Specialist. Persoal Commuicatio. [Effective atural eemies preset locall (e.g. itroduced biocotrol agets)? Ukow] Prit Date: 7/20/2011 Pliia edulis (Mrtaceae) Page 7 of 7

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