Spiraling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus Russell, 1965 Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae
|
|
- Martha Willis
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Islamic Republic Of Iran Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Plant Protection Organization A Guide for Diagnosis & Detection Of Quarantine Pests Spiraling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus Russell, 1965 Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae Edited by: Ahmad cheraghian Bureau of Plant Pest Surveillance and Pest Risk Analysis 2015
2 Aleurodicus dispersus Russell, 1965 Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae Common name: Spiraling whitefly Synonyms: Economic impact: The economic impact of A. dispersus infestations is due to a combination of three factors. Direct feeding damage results from the extraction of sap from leaves, mainly by larval stages but with adults also contributing. Direct feeding can cause premature leaf drop, reduces plant vigour and yields, but rarely kills plants outright. Indirect damage is due to excreted honeydew that encourages the development of sooty moulds, which hinder photosynthesis and reduce yields. Finally, cosmetic damage is due both to sooty moulds and to the white flocculence secreted by immature stages, which reduces the market-value of crops. Wind-borne flocculence can be unsightly, and may also contribute to asthma attacks (Waterhouse and Norris, 1989). A. dispersus is not usually an economic pest within its native range of Central America and the Caribbean. In Florida, USA, where A. dispersus has been collected from avocados, citrus, guavas and palms, it was initially suspected of being a vector of the mycoplasma causing coconut lethal yellowing disease (Russell, 1965). Lethal yellows was first recorded a short time after A. dispersus became established, and has in the past been responsible for the loss of over 90% of the coconut palms in the Florida Keys (Russell, 1965; Weems, 1971). However, a planthopper is now suspected of being the lethal yellowing disease vector (Waterhouse and Norris, 1989). A. dispersus is currently only a minor pest in Florida. A. dispersus is a recently discovered economic pest in both southern India and west Africa. In India, for example, it has reached pest status on cassava, where up to 580 insects per leaf have been observed (Palaniswami et al., 1995). A range of susceptible crops has been catalogued in Kerala, India, by Ranjith et al. (1996) and in Nigeria by Akinlosotu et al. (1993). It has also recently been recorded on soyabean in Indonesia, where it is a potential economic pest (Kajita et al., 1991). Since its accidental introduction into Taiwan in 1988, it has posed a serious threat to fruit trees, forest trees, food crops, ornamentals and shade trees throughout the country (Wen et al., 1997). A. dispersus currently presents a major threat to Australian agriculture, as it has recently entered Queensland via the Torres Strait islands (Lambkin, 1998). Hosts: Major hosts:citrus, Cocos nucifera (coconut), Glycine max (soyabean), Manihot esculenta (cassava), Musa x paradisiaca (plantain),persea americana (avocado),prunus (stone fruit),psidium guajava (guava) Minor hosts: Acacia (wattles), Acalypha (Copperleaf), Agave americana (american agave), Amaranthus (grain amaranth), Annona squamosa (sugarapple), Arachis hypogaea (groundnut), Areca catechu (betelnut palm), Artocarpus (breadfruit trees), Bauhinia (camel's foot), Begonia, Bougainvillea, Canna, Capsicum (peppers), Carica papaya (papaw), Cassia (sennas), Celtis (nettle tree), Cestrum (jessamine), Chrysalidocarpus lutescens (butterfly palm), Chrysanthemum (daisy), Cinnamomum camphora (camphor laurel), Coffea (coffee), Coleus, Colocasia esculenta (taro), Cucumis (melons, cucuimbers, gerkins), Cucumis melo (melon), Dahlia pinnata (garden dahlia), Eugenia, Euphorbia (spurges), Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia), Ficus, Gossypium (cotton), Hedera (Ivy), Hibiscus (rosemallows), Ipomoea (morning glory), Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato), Jasminum (jasmine), Lactuca sativa (lettuce),
3 Luffa aegyptiaca (loofah), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Macadamia, Mangifera indica (mango), Manilkara zapota (sapodilla), Monstera deliciosa (ceriman), Morus (mulberrytree), Musa (banana), Osmanthus fragrans, Phaseolus (beans), Physalis (Groundcherry), Plumeria (frangipani), Pongamia pinnata (Indian beech), Rhododendron (Azalea), Ricinus communis (castor bean), Rorippa indica (indian marshcress), Rosa (roses), Rubus (blackberry, raspberry), Salvia (sage), Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper tree), Solanum (nightshade), Solanum melongena (aubergine), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Strelitzia, Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond), Vigna (cowpea), Zingiber zerumbet (wild ginger) Geographic distribution: A.dispersus is of Neotropical origin, and is native to Central America and the Caribbean region. It is naturally found in Central and South America, the West Indies and southern Florida, USA. It has been present in the Canary Islands since During the 1970s it began a rapid expansion of its range. It established in Hawaii in 1978 (Paulson and Kumashiro, 1985). It was first reported in the Philippines in 1982, and during the 1980s it spread throughout the islands of the Pacific (Waterhouse and Norris, 1989). More recently, it has been reported in India, Sri Lanka, Africa, Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan and northern Australia (Wijesekera and Kudagamage, 1990; Martin, 1990; Kajita et al., 1991; Akinlosotu et al., 1993; Wen et al., 1994b; Palaniswami et al., 1995; Carver and Reid, 1996). Asia:Bangladesh, Brunei Darussalam, China, Taiwan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Maldives, Myanmar, Philippine, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam Europe:Portugal, Spain Africa:Benin, Cameroon, Congo, Ghana, Mauritius, Nigeria, Sao Tome and Principe, Togo Central America:Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica,Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Haiti, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico. South America:Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela. North America: U.S.A. Australia and Pacific Island: American Samoa, Australia, Belau, Cook Islands, Federated states of Micronesia, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga World distribution map of Aleurodicus dispersus
4 Morphology: Adult female A. dispersus lay a few to several elliptical, smooth-surfaced, yellow-totan coloured eggs (0.3 mm long). The eggs have a short pedicel or subterminal stalk, which is inserted into the host plant during oviposition (Waterhouse and Norris, 1989). The eggs are laid, along with deposits of waxy secretions, in a spiraling pattern. The first larval stage ('crawler') is the only mobile immature stage (0.32 mm long). During the second larval stage (0.5 mm long), a row of mid-back waxy tufts form on the anterior of the body. During the third larval stage (0.65 mm long), short, evenlyspaced, glass-like, waxy rods emanate from distinctive compound pores along the side of the body (Waterhouse and Norris, 1989). Russell (1965) described the pore structure in detail for each immature stage. During the early pupal stage (fourth larval stage), sedentary feeding continues (Russell, 1965; Waterhouse and Norris, 1989). Copious amounts of white, cottony flocculent wax, extending from the dorsum, are then secreted by the pupae; more so than for the larval stages. Young pupae are nearly flat dorsally and flat ventrally. Mature pupae (1.06 mm long) have a swollen ventral surface and are surrounded by a band of wax. The waxy rods emanating from each of the large compound pores, which occur in five subdorsal pairs, extend upward and outward from the back. The waxy rods can be up to 8 mm in length (Waterhouse and Norris, 1989). Pupae are colourless or yellowish, nearly oval and mm long and mm wide (Russell, 1965). Fully mobile adults emerge from the pupae. The pupal cases or puparia are used for identification purposes. Martin (1987, 1996) provided keys to tropical pest species based on pupal morphology. Adult A. dispersus are white and coated with a fine dust-like waxy secretion. Body length of males 2.28 mm, and females 1.74 mm. Both sexes are winged. Wings are clear soon after emergence, but turn white due to the wax coating after a few hours. Pale or dark spots may occasionally occur on the forewings. Antennae have seven segments and eyes are dark reddish-brown (Waterhouse and Norris, 1989). Adult females do not have pores, while males have numerous circular pores on the abdomen (Russell, 1965). The following characters and diagram, should enable accurate identification: abdomen with four pairs of large compound pores, all approximately the same size abdominal compound pores situated on segments III-VI abdominal compound pores each normally with a finger-like projection at its centre vasiform orifice slightly wider than long central area of dorsum with scattered `Saturn-like' pores, each pore divided by a fine septum across its centre
5 The line drawing, by Arthur Cushman, that accompanied the original description of the puparium of Aleurodicus dispersus
6
7 Eggs of Aleurodicus dispersus
8
9
10
11 Biology and ecology: Females, collected in the field in Sri Lanka and studied in the laboratory, each laid eggs in a loose spiral on the underside of leaves. The common name of A. dispersus, the spiralling whitefly, is derived from this characteristic egg-laying pattern, although other species of aleurodicine whitefly also lay eggs in spiral patterns (Martin, 1990). The eggs hatched after 7-10 days, the first and second larval instars lasted for 6-9 days in total, the third instar for 5-13 days and the fourth (pupae) 5-16 days. Adults lived for about 2 weeks (Wijesekera and Kudagamage, 1990). The immature stages of A. dispersus are found on the lower leaf surface of host plants. The leaf structure of the host plant appears to affect feeding preference (Wen et al., 1994a). The larval stages and adults feed by sucking phloem sap from leaves. Copious honeydew is excreted which coats surrounding surfaces and often develops a layer of sooty mould when colonies are poorly controlled. Wen et al. (1994b) described the effects of temperature on development rate and fecundity. Adults were active between C and maximum female fecundity occurred at 25 C. A. dispersus populations were found all year round in southern Taiwan, building up rapidly in October, reaching a peak in November, and then declining gradually after December. The developmental time (from oviposition to eclosion) of the pest at 25 C on poinsettia, canna, guavas and pawpaws was 26.1, 25.0, 29.4 and 26.1 days; immature mortality was 26.9, 24.5, 33.3 and 27.8%; and fecundity was 65.2, 35.8, 51.3 and 58.0 eggs per female, respectively (Wen et al., 1996). Females begin laying eggs within a few days of emergence, and continue to lay throughout their lifetime. The rate of population growth can be rapid. In one experiment, 20 pairs produced 1549 individuals in 37 days (Waterhouse and Norris, 1989). Unmated females produce only male progeny, while mated females produce a mixture of male and female progeny. Adults are most active in the morning, but mate in the afternoon (Waterhouse and Norris, 1989). In the USA, A. dispersus is limited to southern coastal areas in Florida where mild winter temperatures occur. Extreme mortality occurs at low temperatures (below 10 C), which limits the northward spread of A. dispersus in the Americas (Cherry, 1979). Aleurodicus dispersus
12 Symptoms: In cassava, A. dispersus infestation caused yellowish speckling of the leaves, and in severe infestation the leaves crinkled and curled. Infestation spread from the bottom leaves to the top (Palaniswami et al., 1995) Copious honeydew is excreted which coats surrounding surfaces and often develops a layer of sooty mould. Symptoms by affected plant part Fruits/pods : Leaves: abnormal colours; honeydew or sooty mould. Damage of Aleurodicus dispersus
13 Damage of Aleurodicus dispersus
14 Means of movement and dispersal: The eggs and larvae of A. dispersus may be transported on leaves, and these early insect stages are often cryptic. The eggs may also be transported on fruit. Newly-dead foliage may harbour puparia, which are usually detected by the presence of woolly secretions. Plant parts liable to carry the pest in trade/transport - Fruits (inc. Pods): Eggs; borne externally. - Leaves: Eggs, Larvae; borne externally. Plant parts not known to carry the pest in trade/transport - Bark/ - Bulbs/Tubers/Corms/Rhizomes - Growing Medium Accompanying Plants - Flowers/Inflorescences/Cones/Calyx - Roots/ - Stems (above Ground)/Shoots/Trunks/Branches - True Seeds (inc. Grain)/ - Wood. Phytosanitary significance: A. dispersus presents a serious phytosanitary risk to tropical and subtropical areas on the edges of its current range. Quarantine areas have been declared in Queensland, Australia. The movement of plants, plant material, and fruits out of quarantine areas can only proceed after official inspections (Lambkin, 1998). The spread of A. dispersus on citrus is of particular concern, in Australia, Mexico and other countries. Only the climatic limitations will ultimately determine the final distribution of this highly invasive and polyphagous pest. It has not stopped moving yet (2003). A. disperses is quarantine pest for Iran. Detection and inspection host for Aleurodicus dispersus
15 Detection and inspection: When A. dispersus are abundant they are conspicuous on leaves due to the white flocculence that covers their bodies (Russell, 1965). They are found on the undersides of leaves, often associated with sticky honeydew and sometimes sooty mould growth. A.dispersus were found in significantly higher numbers in the upper canopy than in the middle and the lower canopy on guava (Shah Alam et al., 1997). Detection and inspection host for Aleurodicus dispersus
16 References: Abai, M. (1984).List of forest trees and shrubs of Iran. Plant pests and Diseases Rech. Inst.,Tehran, 147p. Barouti,S.,A.alavi,2004,Plant Nematology,Principles, Parasitic and Quarantine Nematode in Iran., p. Behdad,E.,1984.Pests of Fruit Crops in Iran,Sepehr pub,tehran,822p. Esmaile,M.1983, Pests of Fruit Crops in Iran, Sepehr pub,tehran,366p. CAB International Crop Protection Compendium Edition. CAB International. Wallingford, Oxon, UK. Modarres Awal, M.2012.List of Agricultural pests and Their Natural Enemies in Iran. Revised Edition, Ferdowsi university Prss,877p. Salavatean, Mer.1996, Plant quarantine in Iran, Research Institute,Ministey of Agriculture pub,279p. eol.org/pages/
World distribution map of Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance, 1903)
Islamic Republic Of Iran Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Plant Protection Organization A Guide for Diagnosis & Detection Of Quarantine Pests Orange spiny whitef ly Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Qua Hemiptera:
More informationSoft green scale Coccus viridis (Green) Hemiptera: Coccidae
Islamic Republic Of Iran Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Plant Protection Organization A Guide for Diagnosis & Detection Of Quarantine Pests Soft green scale Coccus viridis (Green) Hemiptera: Coccidae
More informationChilean false red mite Brevipalpus chilensis Baker,1949 Acari:Tenuipalpidae
Islamic Republic Of Iran Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Plant Protection Organization A Guide for Diagnosis & Detection Of Quarantine Pests Chilean false red mite Brevipalpus chilensis Baker,1949 Acari:Tenuipalpidae
More informationSugarcane leafhopper Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy, G.W. (1903) Hemiptera:Delphacidae
Islamic Republic Of Iran Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Plant Protection Organization A Guide for Diagnosis & Detection Of Quarantine Pests Sugarcane leafhopper Perkinsiella saccharicida Kirkaldy, G.W.
More informationScarlet mealybug Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell) Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae
Islamic Republic Of Iran Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Plant Protection Organization A Guide for Diagnosis & Detection Of Quarantine Pests Scarlet mealybug Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell) Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae
More informationCoffee mealybug Planococcus lilacinus Cock Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae
Islamic Republic Of Iran Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Plant Protection Organization A Guide for Diagnosis & Detection Of Quarantine Pests Coffee mealybug Planococcus lilacinus Cock Hemiptera:Pseudococcidae
More informationMango seed weevil Sternochetus mangiferae (Fabricius, 1775) Coleoptera:Curculionidae
Islamic Republic Of Iran Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Plant Protection Organization A Guide for Diagnosis & Detection Of Quarantine Pests Mango seed weevil Sternochetus mangiferae (Fabricius, 1775)
More informationSHIPPING COSTS. countries
SHIPPING COSTS countries s 10+ 0+4 Aland Islands [1] USD - - - - - - - - 5.00 American Samoa USD 31.00 4.00 60.00 78.00 - - 13.00-18.00 Anguilla USD 3.00 78.00 78.00 91.00 - - 3.00-5.00 Antigua And Barbuda
More informationAssessed contributions payable by Member States and Associate Members
s Assessed s payable by Member States and Associate Members - -, Afghanistan 0.0060 64,610 (7,200) 57,400 28,700 28,700 28,700 28,700 Albania 0.0080 86,150 (9,600) 76,540 38,270 38,270 38,270 38,270 Algeria
More informationCoffee: World Markets and Trade
United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service Circular Series December 213 Coffee: World Markets and Trade 4 in Producing Countries to Continue Rising Million 6 Kilogram Bags 3 2
More informationMexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens (Loew) Diptera:Tephritidae
Islamic Republic Of Iran Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Plant Protection Organization A Guide for Diagnosis & Detection Of Quarantine Pests Mexican fruit fly Anastrepha ludens (Loew) Diptera:Tephritidae
More informationTomato Potato Psyllid
Tomato Potato Psyllid Bactericera cockerelli CHECK YOUR CROPS REPORT SUSPECTED SIGHTINGS Monitoring Guide What does the psyllid do? Tomato Potato Psyllid (TPP) is an exotic pest with a wide host range,
More informationOriental beetle Blitopertha orientalis Reitter, 1903 Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae
Islamic Republic Of Iran Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Plant Protection Organization A Guide for Diagnosis & Detection Of Quarantine Pests Oriental beetle Blitopertha orientalis Reitter, 1903 Coleoptera:
More informationWestern Flower Thrips Frankliniella occidentalis
Western Flower Thrips Frankliniella occidentalis Polyphagous, but particularly damaging on tomatoes, peppers, lettuce and other leafy vegetables, and curcubits. Ornamental crops at risk include cut flowers,
More informationDiscovery of the sugarcane thrips, Fulmekiola serrata, in sugarcane fields in Southern Florida
Discovery of the sugarcane thrips, Fulmekiola serrata, in sugarcane fields in Southern Florida Felipe N. Soto-Adames Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Service Division of Plant Industry Gainesville,
More informationGLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND Agricultural land (thousands of ha)
Asia-Pacific GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND of as all Average size of ( 1,990,228 447,614 420,348 93.9% 689,737 34.7% 1.6 China 521,775 200,555 200,160 99.8% 370,000 70.9% 1.8 India 179,759 138,348
More informationThis presentation is about the Light Brown Apple Moth, an invasive pest posing an economic and environmental threat to New York.
This presentation is about the Light Brown Apple Moth, an invasive pest posing an economic and environmental threat to New York. 1 2 This presentation is about the light brown apple moth, an invasive pest
More informationRevised World Coffee Production Forecast Remains on Track for Record 140
United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service Circular Series FTROP 4-8 December 28 Revised World Coffee Forecast Remains on Track for Record 14 12 Million 6 kilo bags 1 8 6 4 2
More informationDeliveries to dairies 198/86 GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE. Consurption of fresh milk (including exports) 1985/86. Industrial uses 1985/86
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE RESTRICTED DPC/STAT/12/Add. 14 23 September 1986 International Dairy Arrangement INTERNATIONAL DAIRY PRODUCTS Reply to Questionnaire 4 AUSTRALIA COUNCIL (Financial
More informationIdentification. Adults may be confused with other native brown stink bugs and western conifer seed bugs.
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys), a native pest of Asia, was first identified in North America in Pennsylvania in 2001. It has since spread throughout most of the
More informationPEACEKEEPING ASSESSMENTS. From: To: Mandate: 1-Jul Dec-2018 Rates: 1-Jan Dec-2018
Mission: From: To: Mandate: 1-Jul-2018 31-Dec-2018 Rates: 1-Jan-2018 31-Dec-2018 PEACEKEEPING ASSESSMENTS UN Document ID: ST/ADM/SER.B/983 Legislative Basis GA: General Assembly resolution 72/293 of 5
More informationGrapevine phylloxera Phylloxera vastatrix (Planchon) Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae
Islamic Republic Of Iran Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Plant Protection Organization A Guide for Diagnosis & Detection Of Quarantine Pests Grapevine phylloxera Phylloxera vastatrix (Planchon) Hemiptera:
More informationV. Deltoro, C. Torres, MA Gómez-Serrano, P. Pérez, J. Jiménez
Potential use of the fortuitously-arrived parasite Dactylopius opuntiae (Hemiptera; Dactylopidae) as a biological control agent for the invasive cacti Opuntia ficus-indica in the Valencia region (East
More informationLight Brown Apple Moth: Biology, Survey, Control
Light Brown Apple Moth: Biology, Survey, Control Wayne N. Dixon Mike C. Thomas Division of Plant Industry Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services World Distribution of LBAM Introductions:
More informationPea leaf miner Liriomyza huidobrensis Blanchard Diptera: Agromyzidae
Islamic Republic Of Iran Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Plant Protection Organization A Guide for Diagnosis & Detection Of Quarantine Pests Pea leaf miner Liriomyza huidobrensis Blanchard Diptera: Agromyzidae
More informationScientific Note. Macadamia Felted Coccid, Eriococcus ironsidei: Biology and Life Cycle in Hawaii
Eriococcus Proceedings ironsidei of the Hawaiian Biology Entomological and Life Cycle Society in Hawaii (2016) 48:51 55 51 Scientific Note Macadamia Felted Coccid, Eriococcus ironsidei: Biology and Life
More informationMONTHLY COFFEE MARKET REPORT
E MONTHLY COFFEE MARKET REPORT December 2011 In December 2011 Arabica prices underwent significant downward corrections while Robusta prices increased slightly. The average of the 2 nd and 3 rd positions
More informationLETTER FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
E LETTER FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR COFFEE MARKET REPORT August 2009 Although the monthly average of the ICO composite indicator price increased by 4% in August, from 112.90 US cents per lb in July to
More informationPea Leaf Weevil : Sitona lineatus Linnaeus Monitoring Protocol
Pea Leaf Weevil : Sitona lineatus Linnaeus Monitoring Protocol Host plants: Plants belong to the family Leguminaceae including cultivated and wild legume species and specifically dry beans, faba beans
More informationInformation sources: 1, 5
1 The twolined chestnut borer (Agrilus bilineatus) is a pest in the eastern and central United States and some southeastern parts of Canada. They were first noted in the 1900 s due to their infestation
More information1 Draft Notification of Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Re : Specification of plants from certain sources as prohibited articles, of exceptions and conditions under the Plant Quarantine Act B.E.
More informationSugar: World Markets and Trade
United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service November 2017 Sugar: World Markets and Trade Record Global Production Spurs Record Consumption Million Metric Tons, Raw Value 190 185
More informationCHAPTER 7.3 FOCUS ON FAIRTRADE PRODUCTS COCOA
CHAPTER 7.3 FOCUS ON FAIRTRADE PRODUCTS COCOA MONITORING THE SCOPE AND BENEFITS OF FAIRTRADE SIXTH EDITION 2014 95 MONITORING THE SCOPE AND BENEFITS OF FAIRTRADE SIXTH EDITION 2014 96 7.3 Fairtrade Fact
More informationThe Pepper Weevil and Its Management
L-5069 The Pepper Weevil and Its Management David G. Riley and Alton N. Sparks, Jr.* The pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano (Figure 1), is a severe insect pest of sweet and hot varieties of pepper,
More informationTropical Horticulture: Lecture 26
Lecture 26 Cassava: Manihot esculenta, Euphorbiaceae Cassava is one of the most important tropical root crops, also known as manioc, sagu, yuca (Spanish), and tapioca. Cassava is the fastest growing crop
More informationHolly Insects. (2a*ttnoC 9$ K. G. Swenson W. C. Adlerz. Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State College Corvallis
(2a*ttnoC 9$ Holly Insects K. G. Swenson W. C. Adlerz Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State College Corvallis Circular of Information 567 November 1956 &Mtfud
More informationCoffee: World Markets and Trade
United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service June 2016 Coffee: World Markets and Trade 2016/17 Forecast Overview World coffee production for 2016/17 is forecast to rise 2.4 million
More informationAsia Pacific Tuna Trade. Shirlene Maria Anthonysamy INFOFISH Pacific Tuna Forum 2017 Papua New Guinea
Asia Pacific Tuna Trade Shirlene Maria Anthonysamy INFOFISH Pacific Tuna Forum 217 Papua New Guinea JAPANESE MARKET Demand for sashimi tuna remains highly seasonal strengthening during the spring festivals
More informationTobacco budworm Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) Lepidoptera:Noctuidae
Islamic Republic Of Iran Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Plant Protection Organization A Guide for Diagnosis & Detection Of Quarantine Pests Tobacco budworm Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) Lepidoptera:Noctuidae
More informationSome Common Insect Enemies
How to Recognize Some Common Insect Enemies of Stored Grain I By M. D. Farrar and W. P. Flint F the ever-normal granary is to benefit the people of the United States and not the insect population, owners
More informationMONTHLY COFFEE MARKET REPORT
E MONTHLY COFFEE MARKET REPORT July 2011 Downward corrections to coffee prices recorded in June continued during July 2011, as the monthly average of the ICO composite indicator price fell to 210.36 US
More informationSouth American fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus Wiedemann Diptera:Tephritidae
Islamic Republic Of Iran Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture Plant Protection Organization A Guide for Diagnosis & Detection Of Quarantine Pests South American fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus Wiedemann Diptera:Tephritidae
More informationMONTHLY COFFEE MARKET REPORT
E MONTHLY COFFEE MARKET REPORT July 2012 Coffee prices rebounded in July 2012, with the ICO composite indicator increasing by 9.5% compared to June, following nine consecutive months of price falls. The
More informationGeneral information about Bactrocera facialis fruit fly the Facialis Fruit Fly
Otara Facialis Fruit Fly 2019 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) As at 19 February 2019 General information about Bactrocera facialis fruit fly the Facialis Fruit Fly What is a facialis fruit fly? Facialis
More informationCoffee: World Markets and Trade
United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service June 2017 Coffee: World Markets and Trade 2017/18 Forecast Overview World coffee production for 2017/18 is forecast at 159 million bags
More informationMONTHLY COFFEE MARKET REPORT
E MONTHLY COFFEE MARKET REPORT November 2010 Coffee prices rose sharply during the month of November with the monthly average of the ICO composite indicator price reaching a level of 173.90 US cents per
More informationLight Brown Apple Moth; Biology, monitoring and control
Light Brown Apple Moth; Biology, monitoring and control For Sonoma County Growers In or Close to a LBAM Quarantine Area, May-June 2009 Rhonda Smith University of California Cooperative Extension Sonoma
More informationSawflies : order Hymenoptera
Sawflies Stanton Gill Extension Specialist in IPM and Entomology University of Maryland Extension And Professor Montgomery College Landscape Technology 410-868-9400 Sawflies : order Hymenoptera Dusky winged
More informationMetallic Wood Borer in the News. Emerald Ash Borer
Metallic Wood Borer in the News Emerald Ash Borer that develops in ash trees (Fraxinus species) Emerald ash borer (EAB) is a greencolored beetle. and is Native to Asia Larvae tunnel under the bark girdling
More informationTITLE 85: DEPARTMENT OF LANDS AND NATURAL RESOURCES
SUBCHAPTER 85-60.3 REGULATIONS TO PLACE A QUARANTINE UPON FRUITS AND VEGETABLES FROM GUAM, THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER COUNTRIES Part 001 General Provisions [Reserved] Part 100 Quarantine Established 85-60.3-101
More informationPHILIPPINES. 1. Market Trends: Import Items Change in % Major Sources in %
PHILIPPINES A. MARKET OF FRESH FRUITS & VEGETABLES 1. Market Trends: Import Items 2003 2007 Change in % Major Sources in % Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity USD '000 Tons USD '000 Tons Grapes
More informationMONTHLY COFFEE MARKET REPORT
E MONTHLY COFFEE MARKET REPORT February 2012 Coffee prices presented a mixed performance in February, with Arabicas slipping and Robustas increasing by a similar amount. This resulted in a sharp narrowing
More informationEggplant Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Guam New Invasive Species Alert No. 2013-01 Eggplant Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Prepared by Aubrey Moore (aubreymoore@guam.net), University of Guam December 16, 2013 During a visit to a farm
More informationLETTER FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
E LETTER FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR COFFEE MARKET REPORT December 2008 Price levels in December confirmed the downward trend recorded in the coffee market since September 2008. The monthly average of
More informationA Brief Introduction to the Cactus Moth (Cactoblastis cactorum) and its Threat to the local Prickly Pear (Opuntia) Cactus Species
A Brief Introduction to the Cactus Moth (Cactoblastis cactorum) and its Threat to the local Prickly Pear (Opuntia) Cactus Species By Philip Rose Natural History Division Institute of Jamaica Plants belonging
More informationGRAPEVINE. Solutions for the Growing World
Solutions for the Growing World INTRODUCTION Isoclast active is a new foliar-applied insecticide for control of a wide range of sap feeding pests. It belongs to a new class of chemistry the sulfoximines,
More informationMetallic Wood Borer in the News. Emerald Ash Borer
Metallic Wood Borer in the News Emerald Ash Borer that develops in ash trees (Fraxinus species) Emerald ash borer (EAB) is a greencolored beetle. and is Native to Asia Larvae tunnel under the bark girdling
More informationProgress Report Submitted Feb 10, 2013 Second Quarterly Report
Progress Report Submitted Feb 10, 2013 Second Quarterly Report A. Title: New Project: Spotted wing drosophila in Virginia vineyards: Distribution, varietal susceptibility, monitoring and control B. Investigators:
More informationMANAGING INSECT PESTS IN BERRIES AND FRUITS. Small Farm School 8 September 2012 Bruce Nelson, CCC Horticulture Department
MANAGING INSECT PESTS IN BERRIES AND FRUITS Small Farm School 8 September 2012 Bruce Nelson, CCC Horticulture Department RASPBERRIES TO START ORANGE TORTRIX ON RASPBERRY Raspberry Crown Borer RASPBERRY
More informationSpotted wing drosophila in southeastern berry crops
Spotted wing drosophila in southeastern berry crops Hannah Joy Burrack Department of Entomology entomology.ces.ncsu.edu facebook.com/ncsmallfruitipm @NCSmallFruitIPM Spotted wing drosophila Topics Biology
More informationINFESTATION PATTERN OF Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (THYSANOPTERA : THRIPIDAE) IN DEVELOPING SHOOT AND FLOWER OF MANGO ARUMANIS 143
INFESTATION PATTERN OF Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (THYSANOPTERA : THRIPIDAE) IN DEVELOPING SHOOT AND FLOWER OF MANGO ARUMANIS 143 Affandi* 1), C. dr. Medina 2), L. R. I. Velasco 2), P. A. Javier 2) and
More informationConsumer and import trends of potential of tropical superfruits in Korea
Consumer and import trends of potential of tropical superfruits in Korea 2015. 8. 3 Juhee, RHEE Rural Development Administration, KOREA Bioversity International-APO, Malaysia 1 2 3 4 5 Introduction Fruit
More informationThe Potential Role of Latin America Food Trade in Asia Pacific PECC Agricultural and Food Policy Forum Taipei
The Potential Role of Latin America Food Trade in Asia Pacific 2011 PECC Agricultural and Food Policy Forum Taipei Universidad EAFIT, Colombia December 2, 2011 1 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Food Trade
More informationcommon name: Florida bromeliad weevil (suggested common name) scientific name: Metamasius mosieri Barber (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Page 1 of 9 Entomology & Nematology FDACS/DPI EDIS Search Go common name: Florida bromeliad weevil (suggested common name) scientific name: Metamasius mosieri Barber (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
More informationCOMMITTEE OF THE PROTOCOL REGARDING CERTAIN MILK POWDERS. Reply to Questionnaire 1. NEW ZEALAND 1/ (Second Quarter 1982)- I. Skimmed Milk Powder
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE ACCORD GENERAL SUR LES TARIFS DOUANIERS ET LE COMMERCE ACUERDO GENERAL SOBRE ARANCELES ADUANEROS Y COMERCIO RESTRICTED DPC/P/STAT/10/Add.10 19 October International
More informationPapaya. Carica. Papaya Readings (On web page) Paw paw Papaw Family Caricaceae Genus Carica Species papaya
Papaya Paw paw Papaw Family Caricaceae Genus Carica Species papaya Papaya Readings (On web page) Nishina et al., 2. Papaya Production in Hawaii. CTAHR, F&N-3. Manshardt, 1999. UH Rainbow Papaya. A High-Quality
More informationLETTER FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
E LETTER FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR COFFEE MARKET REPORT January 2010 The upward trend in coffee prices recorded in December2009 continued during the first fortnight of 2010, with the monthly average
More informationFresh Deciduous Fruit (Apples, Grapes, & Pears): World Markets and Trade
Fresh Deciduous Fruit (Apples, Grapes, & Pears): World Markets and Trade June 21 APPLES Record Production but Trade Estimate Revised Downward The world production estimate for 29/1 is virtually unchanged
More informationTuna Trade. Fatima Ferdouse
Tuna Trade Fatima Ferdouse HIGHLIGHTS East Asia is the world s largest processing and exporting region for canned tuna. Producing countries in the region also depend on imported raw materials The fluctuating
More informationSprengel Euphorbiaceae. Antidesma bunius
LOCAL NAMES Burmese (kywe-pyisin); English (currant tree,chinese laurel,nigger's cord,salamander tree); Filipino (bignay,bignai); French (antidesme); Indonesian (hoon,wooni); Javanese (wuni); Malay (buni,berunai);
More informationGiant whitefly. Perennial Crops. Biological Control Update on. Citrus Leafminer Olive fruit fly. Giant Whitefly. Release
Perennial Crops Biological Control Update on Giant whitefly Citrus Leafminer Olive fruit fly Provide consistent plant structure for long periods Stabilized soils & microclimates allow for greater species
More informationWhiteflies. Catharine Mannion, Ph.D. University of Florida/IFAS Tropical Res. and Edu. Center
Whiteflies Catharine Mannion, Ph.D. University of Florida/IFAS Tropical Res. and Edu. Center cmannion@ufl.edu Ficus Whitefly Feeds only on ficus Leaf yellowing Leaf drop Dieback Photo: H. Glenn,, UF/IFAS
More informationAsian Citrus Psyllid threat to Santa Barbara County Author: Surendra Dara
Asian Citrus Psyllid threat to Santa Barbara County Author: Surendra Dara February 2, 2011 In light of spotting a couple of Asian citrus psyllids (ACP) in Ventura County about a month ago, it is important
More informationSOURSOP. Annona muricata
SOURSOP Annona muricata Common names Guanábana (Spanish), graviola (Portuguese), Brazilian pawpaw, guyabano, corossolier, guanavana, toge-banreisi, durian benggala, nangka blanda, and nangka londa. Origin
More information1. Registry situation
Index Registry situation page 1 Production evolution page 2 Foreign market summary page 3 Foreign market 2014 page 4 Cava sales within the EU page 6 Cava sales in other foreign markets page 7 Evolution
More informationMONTHLY COFFEE MARKET REPORT
E MONTHLY COFFEE MARKET REPORT August 2012 Coffee prices experienced negative corrections across the board in August 2012, with the ICO composite indicator falling by 6.6% compared to July. This continues
More informationSupporting information Table S1. The native and invasive ranges of 10 study aquatic plant invaders
Supporting information Table S1. The native and invasive ranges of 10 study aquatic plant invaders Name Family Native ranges Invasive ranges Alternanthera philoxeroides Amaranthaceae Argentina, Bolivia,
More informationLygus: Various Species Monitoring Protocol
Lygus: Various Species Monitoring Protocol Host Plants: A wide range of hosts including alfalfa, canola, lentils, potato, strawberries, flax, vegetable crops, fruit trees and weeds such as stinkweed, wild
More informationIntroduction to Tropical Fruits. Roy Beckford Agriculture/Natural Resources Agent
Introduction to Tropical Fruits Roy Beckford Agriculture/Natural Resources Agent fbeck@ufl.edu 239-533 533-7512 Common Terms Hammock: an area higher in elevation than its wetter surroundings, characterized
More informationBromeliad-eating Weevils as Pests of Bromeliads
Bromeliad-eating Weevils as Pests of Bromeliads Teresa M. Cooper 1, Ronald D. Cave 1, and J. Howard Frank 2 1 Indian River Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Ft. Pierce, FL, USA 2 Department
More informationMonitoring EU Agri-Food Trade: Development until October 2016
Monitoring EU Agri-Food Trade: Development until October 2016 October 2016 EU agri-food exports stabilise at high level The monthly value of EU agri-food exports in October 2016 stabilised at EUR 11.4
More informationICC September 2018 Original: English. Emerging coffee markets: South and East Asia
ICC 122-6 7 September 2018 Original: English E International Coffee Council 122 st Session 17 21 September 2018 London, UK Emerging coffee markets: South and East Asia Background 1. In accordance with
More informationIdentifying Leafrollers Including the Light Brown Apple Moth
Identifying Leafrollers Including the Light Brown Apple Moth Production Guideline by Dr. Frank G. Zalom Issue 5.1 June 2010 The California Strawberry Commission Production Guidelines are produced in cooperation
More informationRearing Methods of Tamarixia radiata in Gainesville, Florida, and information on its biology. Ru Nguyen
Rearing Methods of Tamarixia radiata in Gainesville, Florida, and information on its biology. Ru Nguyen Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Division of Plant Industry Gainesville, Florida
More informationAgri-Food Exports. Alberta to 2014 Economics and Competitiveness. Highlights on Alberta Agri-Food Exports in Tables:
Agri-Food Exports Alberta 2005 to 2014 Economics and Competitiveness Highlights on Alberta Agri-Food Exports in 2014 Tables: Alberta Agri-Food Exports, 2005-2014: - Top 5 Export Products and Markets -
More informationKUWAIT. Similarly there is a decreasing trend for other fresh fruits products like grapes and lychee. India shared 37.6% of import market in Kuwait.
KUWAIT A. MARKET FOR FRESH FRUITS AND FRESH VEGETABLES 1. Market Trend and Opportunities: Fresh Fruits The market for fresh fruits in Kuwait has a downward trend. Bananas import volume decreased by 34%
More informationTridacna gigas Linnaeus, 1758
AC22 Doc. 10.2 Annex 8e Tridacna gigas Linnaeus, 1758 FAMILY: Tridacnidae COMMON NAMES: Giant Clam, Gigas Clam (English); Bénitier géant (French) GLOBAL CONSERVATION STATUS: Listed as Vulnerable (VU -
More informationCalifornia Certified Strawberry Nurseries: pathogens of regulatory significance for the Santa Maria area
California Certified Strawberry Nurseries: pathogens of regulatory significance for the Santa Maria area Heather Scheck Plant Pathologist Santa Barbara Ag Commissioner s Office Strawberry Registration
More informationCatharine Mannion UF/IFAS Tropical Research and Education Center Whiteflies in the Landscape
Catharine Mannion UF/IFAS Tropical Research and Education Center cmannion@ufl.edu http://trec.ifas.ufl.edu/mannion Whiteflies in the Landscape April 2011 Whiteflies Approximately 75 species of whiteflies
More informationGreenheaded Leafroller, Blacklegged Leafroller, Light Brown Apple Moth
Forest and Timber Insects in New Zealand No. 58 Greenheaded Leafroller, Blacklegged Leafroller, Light Brown Apple Moth Based on M.J. Nuttall (1983) Insect: Planotortrix excessana (Walker), Planotortrix
More informationMonthly Economic Letter U.S. and Global Market Fundamentals
Monthly Economic Letter U.S. and Global Market Fundamentals August 2012 www.cottoninc.com After trading within relatively narrow bands throughout July, New York futures moved higher in early August, with
More informationLETTER FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
E LETTER FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR COFFEE MARKET REPORT April 2010 Prices of Colombian Milds and Brazilian Naturals were slightly down in April compared to their levels in March while prices of Other
More informationJanice Y. Uchida Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa
Janice Y. Uchida Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences University of Hawaii at Manoa Phytophthora species Some of the most destructive pathogens The genus has a very wide host range;
More informationVineyard Insect Management what does a new vineyard owner/manager need to know?
Vineyard Insect Management what does a new vineyard owner/manager need to know? Keith Mason and Rufus Isaacs Department of Entomology, Michigan State University masonk@msu.edu isaacsr@msu.edu Insect management
More informationHELOPELTIS Tea Mosquito
HELOPELTIS Tea Mosquito The body (abdomen) of females is green (the color of rice seedlings). 1 Eggs hatch after 5-10 days depending on the temperature (sooner in warm temperatures). HELOPELTIS LIFE CYCLE
More informationCitrus flower moth. Prays citri (Millière) PEST FACT SHEET
Common names: Citrus blossom moth, lemon borer moth, sitrusblommot Higher taxon: Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae Synonyms: Acrolepia citri Millière EPPO code: PRAYCI The citrus flower moth is a tiny moth which
More information25.1 Bacterial canker; wilted plants; see also 18.1a-c Bacterial stem rot; petiole and leaf symptoms.
25.1 Bacterial canker; wilted plants; see also 18.1a-c. 25.3 Bacterial stem rot; petiole and leaf symptoms. 25.4a Pith necrosis; plant, showing chlorosis and wilt. 25.4b Pith necrosis; brown lesion on
More informationIncidence of Dolichotetranychus floridanus (Acari: Tenuipalidae) on Arecanut plantation
Available online http://www.ijat-aatsea.com ISSN 1686-9141 Incidence of Dolichotetranychus floridanus (Acari: Tenuipalidae) on Arecanut plantation Prabheena, P.* and Ramani, N. Division of Acarology, Department
More informationMONTHLY COFFEE MARKET REPORT
E MONTHLY COFFEE MARKET REPORT January 2012 Prices of the three Arabica groups remained relatively firm in January, while those of Robustas fell slightly. The monthly average of the ICO composite indicator
More informationCeiba pentandra Kopok tree, Silk-cotton tree
Ceiba pentandra Kopok tree, Silk-cotton tree By Isabel Zucker Ta Prohm, Cambodia Largest known specimen in Lal Bagh Gardens in Bangalore, India. http://scienceray.com/biology/botany/amazing-trees-from-around-the-world-the-seven-wonder-trees/
More information