Fire Adapted Plants and Plant Communities on the Delmarva Peninsula

Transcription

1 Fire Adapted Plants and Plant Communities on the Delmarva Peninsula William A. McAvoy Species Conservation and Research Program Delaware Division of Fish and Wildlife Fire Ecology and Management in the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain January 29-30, 2014 Salisbury University Salisbury, MD

2 Ancient Inland Sand Dune or Sand Ridge

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5 (Denny and Owens 1979)

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8 Denny, C.S., and J.P. Owens Sand dunes on the Delmarva Peninsula, Maryland and Delaware. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1067-C, Washington, D.C. Denny, C.S., J.P. Owens, L.A. Sirkin, and M. Rubin The Parsonsburg Sand in the Central Delmarva Peninsula. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1067-B, Washington, D.C.

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11 NW

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14 31 March - 18, 275 YBP

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24 Carya pallida, sand hickory

25 Quercus alba, white oak

26 Quercus falcata, southern red oak

27 Quercus montana, chestnut oak

28 Pinus echinata, shortleaf pine

29 Pinus taeda, loblolly pine

30 Pinus virginiana, Virginia pine

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32 Quercus marilandica, blackjack oak

33 Quercus stellata, post oak

34 Diospyros virginiana, persimmon

35 Quercus nigra, water oak

36 Cornus florida, flowering dogwood

37 Sassafras albidum, sassafras

38 Ilex opaca, American holly

39 Gaylussacia baccata, black huckleberry

40 Vaccinium stamineum, sand blueberry

41 Vaccinium pallidum, lowbush blueberry

42 Crataegus uniflora, dwarf hawthorn

43 Toxicodendron pubescens, poison oak

44 Morella pensylvanica, Northern bayberry

45 Comptonia peregrina, sweet-fern

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55 Andropogon ternarius, silver bluestem

56 Schizachyrium scoparium, little bluestem

57 Aristida purpurascens, purple three-awn grass

58 Eragrostis hirsuta big-top lovegrass

59 Avenella flexuosa wavy hairgrass

60 Dichanthelium depauperatum starved witch grass

61 Piptochaetium avenaceum, blackseed needlegrass

62 Saccharum brevibarbe var. contortum bent-awn plumegrass

63 Aristida lanosa woolly three-awn grass

64 Carex nigromarginata, black-edge sedge

65 Carex pensylvanica, Pennsylvania sedge

66 Cyperus lupulinus, slender flatsedge

67 Baptisia tinctoria, yellow wild indigo

68 Tephrosia virginiana, goat's-rue

69 Lupinus perennis wild lupine

70 Frosted Elfin

71 Clitoria mariana, Maryland butterfly-pea

72 Desmodium fernaldii, Fernald's tick-trefoil

73 Rhynchosia tomentosa, hairy snoutbean

74 Centrosema virginianum, coastal butterfly-pea

75 Asclepias amplexicaulis clasping milkweed

76 Asclepias tuberosa butterfly weed

77 Solidago odora, sweet goldenrod

78 Solidago bicolor white goldenrod

79 Pityopsis graminifolia var. latifolia grassleaf golden aster

80 Euphorbia ipecacuanhae, variable-leaf spurge

81 Galium pilosum, hairy bedstraw

82 Ipomoea pandurata, big-root morning-glory

83 Polygonella articulata, Eastern jointweed

84 Monarda punctata, horsemint beebalm

85 Crocanthemum canadense, Canada frostweed

86 Opuntia humifusa, Eastern prickly-pear cactus

87 Commelina erecta, sand dayflower

88 Silene caroliniana var. pensylvanica, Northern wild pink

89 Silene caroliniana var. pensylvanica, Northern wild pink

90 Dicranum condensatum

91 Dicranum scoparium

92 Leucobryum glaucum

93 Polytrichum ohioense

94 Cladina subtenuis, dixie reindeer lichen

95 The Vascular Flora of Inland Sand Dunes on the Delmarva Peninsula 109 Total Taxa 32 Families 71 Genera 23 Poaceae 16 Fabaceae 9 Aster 8 Cyperaceae 6 Fagaceae

96 The Vascular Flora of Inland Sand Dunes on the Delmarva Peninsula 23 grasses 8 sedges 45 herbs 16 peas 15 trees (4 pines, 6 oaks) 12 shrubs 2 woody vines 1 herbaceous vine 1 cactus

97 The Vascular Flora of Inland Sand Dunes on the Delmarva Peninsula 23 Rare Plants 14 Maryland T&E 22 Delaware Rare

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105 Pinus echinata, shortleaf pine

106 Quercus marilandica blackjack oak

107 Quercus falcata, southern red oak Quercus stellata, post oak

108 Quercus nigra, water oak

109 Asclepias amplexicaulis clasping milkweed

110 Lupinus perennis, wild lupine

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112 Lupinus perennis, wild lupine

113 Andropogon ternarius, silver bluestem

114 Schizachyrium scoparium, little bluestem

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116 Community Characteristics Dry environment Light demanding species Easily ignited fine fuels Species Distributions Southern affinities Similarities to Fire-adapted Systems of the SE Dune morphology and origin Plant species composition

117 Plant Life Histories Re-sprouting of short-leaf pine and oak Thick tree bark Rhizomatous re-sprouting herbs Protective meristems on perennial grasses High % of germination occurs on bare sand

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