Surveying aphid vectors and alternative hosts of Potato virus Y in Oregon and Washington
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1 Surveying aphid vectors and alternative hosts of Potato virus Y in Oregon and Washington OSU HAREC Rondon IAEP: A.F. Murphy Alexzandra F. Murphy and Silvia I. Rondon
2 Overview 1. Aphid and PVY research in State wide aphid monitoring 2013
3 Potato virus Y Worldwide Consistent problem Multiple strains: PVY O PVY N PVY NO N strains are increasing in the Columbia Basin
4 Damage Reduces: yield tuber quality marketability Lesions on tubers Mild foliar symptoms
5 PVY hosts Multiple weeds Identified in Europe Several are problematic in the Columbia Photo by: Jared Unverzagt Basin
6 PVY transmission Non persistent transmission Dirty needle Minutes for virus transmission Insecticides are NOT effective
7 Aphid biology: Host identification Poor eyesight Land on random plants Have to taste Migrating aphid species can be vectors
8 Aphid biology: Life cycles Migration Migration Migration Winter Host Summer Host
9
10 Which plants support large populations of aphids?
11 8 potato fields 5 weed species: Tumble mustard (Sisymbrium altissimum ) Redstem filaree (Erodium cicutarium ) Prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola ) Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) Bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) Wheat Alfalfa Experiment
12 Sampling design Wheat Other Crop Potatoes Weed Site 1 Weed Site 3 Weed Site 2
13 Potatoes Redstem Filaree Lambsquarters Prickly Lettuce Tumble Mustard Bittersweet Nightshade Wheat Alfalfa Volunteers Map Columbia Basin
14 Weed sampling timeline March April May June July August Potatoes X X X X Redstem X X X X Prickly lettuce X X X X Tumble mustard X X X Lambsquarters X X X X Bittersweet X X X X X X nightshade Wheat X X X X X Alfalfa X X X X X X = 2013 X = Projected for 2014
15 OSU HAREC Rondon IAEP: A.F. Murphy
16 Mean percent of aphids collected by berlese sample OSU HAREC Rondon s IAEP: A.F. Murphy Redstem Filaree 49.4% Prickly Lettuce 24.9% Bittersweet Nightshade 5.1% Alfalfa 1.0% Lambsquarters 6.4% Tumble Mustard 13.2%
17 Comparing berlese and DVAC Mean number of aphids per sampe sampling methods OSU HAREC Rondon s IAEP: A.F. Murphy 3.93a 25.08b 0 Berlese Sampling method 2 Min DVAC
18 Mean percent of aphids collected by DVAC sample OSU HAREC Rondon s IAEP: A.F. Murphy Prickly Lettuce 1.5% Lambsquarters 0.4% Alfalfa 44.5% Redstem Filaree 35.5% Wheat 14.0% Bittersweet Nightshade 3.0% Tumble Mustard 1.1%
19 What aphids are landing in potatoes?
20
21 Columbia Basin: Aphids landing in potatoes Mean number of aphids per trap /11/2013 7/8/2013 8/5/2013 9/3/2013 Week
22 Early season aphid species in potatoes Mint Aphid 14% Mealy Plum Aphid 12% Bird Cherry Oat Aphid, etc. 10% Potato Aphid 13%
23 Major aphid species Bird cherry oat aphid, etc. Rhopalosiphum spp. Mint aphid Ovatus crataegarius Potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae Mealy plum aphid Hyalopterus pruni Andrew Jensen
24 Bird cherry oat aphid, etc. Rhopalosiphum spp. Overwinter as eggs or asexual clones Leave chokecherry (Prunus virginianus) in May or June Colonize grasses and grains Widespread abundant species Richard Webb, Self employed horticulurist, Bugwood.org Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Bugwood.org
25 Potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae Broad host range: POTATOES Other Solanaceae Apples Roses Joseph Berger,, Bugwood.org Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org Corn Clover Weeds Main reproduction is asexual clones Native to America
26 Mint aphid Ovatus crataegarius Spend summer months on mint Overwinter on hawthorn and apple Capable of overwintering on mint ID: extra horns, and NO black patch Jerry A. Payne, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org Paul Wray, Iowa State University, Bugwood.org Brendan Wray, Bugwood.org
27 Mealy plum aphid Hyalopterus pruni Rob Routledge, Sault College, Bugwood.org Overwinters on Prunus spp. Migrates to common reeds in the summer Tailpipes are key feature ID: stubby tailpipes and NO black stripes or patch Pest and Diseases Image Library,, Bugwood.org
28 Conclusions Redstem filaree, prickly lettuce, bittersweet nightshade, alfalfa and wheat appear to support large populations of aphids Aphid pressure is bi modal in potatoes Abundant early season aphids: Potato aphid, mint aphid, Bird cherry oat aphid and mealy plum aphid Mint fields and Prunus spp./reeds/cattails may be an unanticipated source of aphid vectors
29 Monitoring aphid populations in neighboring crops could reduce aphids in potatoes... Wheat Corn Alfalfa Mint Gerald Holmes, Valent USA Corporation, Bugwood.org
30 Managing weeds could reduce aphid pressure Redstem filaree Prickly lettuce Tumble mustard Bittersweet nightshade Tom Heutte, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org Forest and Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org Theodore Webster, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org Bonnie Million, National Park Service, Bugwood.org D. Walters and C. Southwick, CPHST, Bugwood.org
31 Aphid populations fluctuate Total Aphids per Month Year
32 Aphid sampling across Oregon
33 OSU HAREC Rondon IAEP: A.F. Murphy
34 Umatilla and Morrow: Aphids in potatoes 45 Green Peach Aphid Potato Aphid Other Aphids 40 Mean aphids per trap /13/13 07/13/13 08/13/13 09/13/13 Week
35 Union and Baker: Aphids in potatoes 8 Green Peach Aphid Potato Aphid Other Aphids 7 Mean aphids per trap /12/13 6/26/13 7/10/13 7/24/13 8/7/13 8/21/13 Week
36 Klamath Basin: Aphids in potatoes 160 Green Peach Aphid Potato Aphid Other Aphids Mean aphids per trap Week
37 Mean number of total aphids per trap Comparing across regions 533c 147a 38b Umatilla Morrow Union Baker Klamath Region
38 Conclusions Columbia Basin potatoes experience a bimodal peak of aphid pressure in the (landing rate and yellow bucket) Union and Baker counties have high aphid pressure early in the potato season In the Klamath Basin, potatoes suffer the greatest aphid pressure during mid to late season Klamath basin experiences the greatest aphid pressure overall
39 Acknowledgements Funding NIFA AFRI Postdoctoral Fellowship Oregon Potato Commission Washington State Potato Commission Collaborators Jim Crosslin Brian Charlton Darrin Walenta Keith Pike Technical Support Carol Mills Lois Douglass Thomas Hamblin Andrew Douglass Jonathan Macias Mary Adams Abbey McDonough Ashleigh Banker Lesley Ibarra Dalton Hughes Brock Moffit
40 Questions?
Volume XIV, Number 2 January 13, What is the source of potato psyllids colonizing Washington, Oregon, and Idaho potato fields?
Research & Extension for the Potato Industry of Idaho, Oregon, & Washington Andrew Jensen, Editor. ajensen@potatoes.com; 208-939-9965 www.nwpotatoresearch.com Volume XIV, Number 2 January 13, 2014 What
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