Flowering Trees for South Florida. Stephen H. Brown Lee County Extension 2010

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1 Flowering Trees for South Florida Stephen H. Brown Lee County Extension 2010

2 Tree Definition Tree: A woody perennial plant having a single usu. Elongate main stem generally with few or no branches on its lower part. Treelet (treelike). Having two or more small trunks with few or no branches on their lower parts. Standard: A bush made into a small tree by creating a single main stem.

3 South Florida Conditions Subtropical, zone 10a Minimum winter temperature 30 F For the most part, this only allows for plants of tropical origins

4 Our Area Sandy, dry soils, low fertility Distinct wet and dry seasons Distinct cool/dry and hot/humid seasons

5 What Causes Plants to Flower? Photoperiod (change in daylight length) Change from wet to dry, or dry to wet, season Sudden end of life, i.e. Melalecua, citrus Change from cool to warm, or warm to cool Rarely, don t count on, fertilizer applications

6 Tabebuia aurea observation Date 50 % line blooming, % of max

7 Effects of Winter Temperatures on Bloom Period Numbers of days in Fort Myers, Florida, with winter temperatures at or below 50 F, 40 F and 35 F Historical Average Winter Days 50 F Days 40 F Days 35 F days days 09 04

8 Effects of Winter Temperatures on Bloom Period

9 Effects of Winter Temperatures on Bloom Period

10 Effects of Winter Temperatures on Bloom Period

11

12 Solitary: Flowers or fruits borne singly, not in clusters. I.e. Magnolia, sea hibiscus, Surinam cherry (Eugenia).

13 Tubular:.

14 Funnelform: Tabebuias

15 Salverform: Oleander; Plumeria

16 Staminous: A

17 Caesalpinaceous: A

18 Composite: A

19 Inflorescence: The arrangement of flowers in a cluster, or the cluster of flowers itself rather than the arrangement.

20 Umbel: An indeterminate, often flat-topped inflorescence, with several or many pedicellate flowers arising from a common point of attachment.

21 Cyme: A flat-topped, usually few flowered inflorescence in which the central, terminal flowers open in advance of the outer ones.

22 Spike: An unbranched, simple, elongate inflorescence bearing sessile (stemless) or subsessile flowers. Examples: Black olive; earleaf acacia; bottle brush; melaleuca; tropical almond; Australian pine (male).

23 Examples: Cassia, maple, yellow elder, toog, gumbo limbo, orchid trees, royal poinciana, sweet gum. Raceme: An inflorescence on which individual flowers are carried on short stems of approximately equal length and are borne on an unbranched main stem.

24 Examples: Jacaranda, mango, buttonwood, avocado, crape myrtle. Panicle: An inflorescence with several branches, either opposite or alternate; a branched raceme.

25 Acacia farnesiana Sweet acacia C+ November February Evergreen or Deciduous High salt tolerance High drought tolerance Spines Great, spicy fragrance

26 Acacia farnesiana Sweet acacia Double spines is a feature of Acacia Trees Flowers, Leaves, and spines grow from the same axils

27 Acacia farnesiana Sweet acacia Prefers dry soils. Is short-lived and can toppled in wet soils. Sweet and spicy aroma from yellow flower balls. The scent accompanies the flowers at all times but the hot sun seems to intensify the aroma.

28 Acacia farnesiana Sweet acacia Leaves: Even-bipinnate, alternate, 2-4 inches long with 2-6 pairs of pinnae each with pairs of narrow leaflets Flowers: Staminous, bright yellow ball, very fragrant, about 1.5 inches long and ½ inches across Fruits: Pods, green, thick, becoming black with age; 3 inches long and slightly curved

29 Acacia Choriophylla Cinnercord, thornless Acacia

30 Acacia choriophylla Cinnercord, thornless Acacia A Evergreen High salt tolerance High drought tolerance 15 x10

31 Acacia auriculiformis Earleaf Acacia Flower Display: C Origin: Northern Australia, New Guinea Salt tolerance: Medium Drought Tol.: High Nutritional Req: Low Growth Rate: Fast Dimension: 40 x40 Messiness: High

32 Acacia auriculiformis Earleaf Acacia

33 Acacia auriculiformis Earleaf Acacia

34 Adenium obesum Desert Rose Flower Display: A Origin: Egypt to Kenya, west to Senegal Salt tolerance: Medium Drought Tol.: High Nutritional Req: Medium Growth Rate: Slow Dimension: 4 x4 Messiness: Medium

35 Adenium obesum Desert Rose A short, fat succulent that flowers abundantly on-and-off throughout much of the year. It develops a few irregularly spaced, smooth branches. Plants from seeds naturally develop the fat lower trunks. Plants from cuttings will not produce the fat bottoms unless, when repotted, they are raised increasingly higher exposing fresh roots. Some of these roots will enlarge to create the swollen bottoms

36 Adenium obesum Desert Rose Flowers: Salverform, from deep purplish red, through pink, to white, to 3 inches long, on terminal corymbs

37 Adenium obesum Desert Rose Leaves: Simple, spathulate, deep green, glossy, in terminal whorls Fruits: Follicle, dehiscent, to 4 inches long, usually held in pairs

38 Adenium obesum Desert Rose Oleander relative and thus also affected by the oleander caterpillar

39 Adenium obesum Desert Rose Aphids, mealybugs, scales, and spider mites may be occasional problems. Oleander caterpillars can eat all the leaves of a plant in short order. However, complete releafing is quick and normally occurs about four weeks after defoliation. Control caterpillars with B.t. or hand pick them from the plant while wearing gloves.

40 Bauhinia purpurea Purple Orchid Tree B+ October November Briefly Semi Deciduous Spiderlike and floppy Flowers with it leaves Exotic invasive

41 Bauhinia purpurea Purple Orchid Tree

42 Bauhinia purpurea Fall Orchid Tree, Orchid Tree Weak, woody and messy. Also listed as an invasive species.

43 Bauhinia variegata Spring Orchid Tree A+ February March Evergreen or Deciduous Low salt tolerance High drought tolerance Exotic invasive

44 Bauhinia variegata Spring Orchid Tree

45 Bauhinia variegata Spring Orchid Tree

46 Bauhinia variegata Spring Orchid Tree B. Variegata L. Candida

47 Bauhinia variegata Spring Orchid Tree

48 Bauhinia x blakeana Hong Kong Orchid A+ November February Semi-deciduous Garden, Park, Shade, Streetscape Sterile, no pods 30'x25'

49 Bauhinia x blakeana Hong Kong Orchid Probably a hybrid between B. purpurea and B. variegata. A sterile tree. It produces no pods.

50 Which is Which?

51 Which is Which? B. blakeana B. variegata B. purpurea B. variegata

52 Bombax ceiba Bombax malabaricum A February March Deciduous February April Low salt tolerance 80 x60

53 Bombax ceiba Red-Silk Cotton, Bombax Flowers: Heavy, 6 inch wide flower having 5 satiny red or orange petals reflexing strongly after opening Fruits: Capsules, oval woody to 6 inches long filled with small cotton-covered seeds

54 Bombax ceiba Red-Silk Cotton, Bombax Leaves: Palmate, to 24 inches long, with rarely 3-4, and commonly 5-7 lanceolate leaflets, up to 10 inches long, attached to a long flexible petiole

55 Caesalpinia pulcherrima Dwarf Poinciana, Barbados Fence Post A May January Semi deciduous or Deciduous Dangling seed pods Pruning to keep tidy Container, Garden, Screen, Specimen

56 Prune in fall for best flowering throughout the year. To avoid winter s messy look, to encourage new growth, and possible late winter flowering, prune only 18 to 20 inches off each branches in early to mid fall. It makes a beautiful informal row of small trees, each tree often with several trunks.

57 Caesalpinia pulcherrima Dwarf Poinciana Leaves: Even-bipinnate, to 16 inches long, with stout petiole, 4-9 pairs of even pinnae, 5-12 pairs of oblong to obovate leaflets often with slight notch Fruits: Pods, flatten, blackish or dark brown, oblong, to 5 inch long with 5-8 shiny brown flat seeds

58 Caesalpinia pulcherrima Dwarf Poinciana, Barbados Fence Post Flowers: Caesalpinaceous, yellow, red or pink, with 5 wavey obovate petals and 10 long threadlike stamens

59 Callistemon citrinus Lemmon Bottlebrush B Growth Rate: Medium Flowering Month(s): March - May Typical Dimension: 15'x14' Salt Tolerance: Medium Drought Tolerance: Medium Nutritional Req: Medium

60 Callistemon citrinus Lemmon Bottlebrush

61 Callistemon viminalis Weeping Bottlebrush B; January May; Medium salt tolerance; Medium drought tolerance; 21 X 30 ; Garden, Park, Shade

62 Callistemon viminalis Weeping Bottlebrush

63 Calliandra haematocephala Powderpuff Tree, Red Powderpuff Tree Flower Display: B Origin: Tropical America Salt tolerance: Low Drought Tol.: High Growth Rate: Medium; Nutritional Req: Medium Dimension: 4 x4 ; Messiness: Medium

64 Calliandra haematocephala Powderpuff Tree, Red Powderpuff Tree

65 Calliandra haematocephala Powderpuff Tree, Red Powderpuff Tree Attract bees, butterflies, hummingbirds, and mockingbirds Thornbugs, caterpillars, scales and mites Tree, 14 x18

66 Calliandra surinamensis Pink Powderpuff B October April Evergreen Low Salt Tolerance High Drought Tolerance 15 x25 Container, Garden, Park, Patio, Poolside, Streetscape

67

68 Calotropis gigantea Giant Milkweed C Flowers yearround High salt tolerance High drought tolerance 12 x15 Container, Garden, Poolside, Seaside

69 The corolla has 5 showy petals that are whitish and tinged with purple at the apex. The fruit is a follicle, kidneyshaped, 2.7 to 4 inches long.

70 Cananga odorata Ylang-Ylang C February June Evergreen Low salt tolerance Very fast growing perfume and massage oil 35 x16

71 Cananga odorata Ylang-Ylang A leafy evergreen, it holds the drooping flowers along its bowing branches. Although large and borne in profusion, the flowers do not stand out amongst the greenness of the foliage. Its narrow form shades only a small portion of ground allowing plenty of light for grass and other sun loving plants.

72 Cananga odorata Ylang-Ylang Whenever I m around a C. odorata, I m compelled to take an evening stroll just to embrace its perfumed fragrance. Leaves: Simple, alternate, oblong-ovate, 6-8 inches long with sharp pointe pointed apexe Flowers: Six very narrow drooping petal, changing from green to yellow, attached to a 1-2 inch green stalk, borne along leaf axils Fruits: Syncarps, oblong in small tight clusters. Immature green, matures black

73 Canella winterana Wild Cinnamon D Growth Rate: Slow Evergreen High salt tolerance Very fast growing Very high drought tolerance 20 x15

74 Consider this a low maintenance tree. It requires little or no pruning and once established it is extremely drought tolerant, but one should not leave it to neglect.

75 Capparis cynophallophora Jamaican Caper B Growth Rate: Slow Dimension: 9 x10 Flowering Months: Late April May Leaf Persistence: Evergreen Drought Tolerance: Low for the first couple of years until establishment

76 Capparis cynophallophora Jamaican Caper A dense, low forming pyramidal or rounded crown, stiff leaves that are shiny green above and light brown beneath, and delightfully scented flowers that open white and fade to purple or pink. Each flower last for about two days, spending half its time in white and the other half in the darker hue.

77 Cassia afrofistula African Cassia A Growth Rate: Medium Flowering Month(s): May - September Typical Dimension: 15'x14' Salt Tolerance: Medium Drought Tolerance: Medium Nutritional Req: Low

78 Leaves: Even-pinnate, alternate, to 15 inches long with 6-10 pairs of leathery, slightly folded leaflets Flowers: Five bright yellow petals. Flowers 2 inches wide, held on terminal, branched racemes Fruits: Pods, cylindrical, green young, matures black, to 24 inches long, indehiscnt, many cross walls, each with a single seed

79 Cassia fistula Golden Shower A+ May June, September Medium salt tolerance High drought tolerance 35 x30 Garden, Park, Shade, Specimen

80 Cassia fistula Golden Shower it is at its best in May and June. Leaves begin to fall in April in preparation for the display. The drier the conditions, the greater the leaf loss, and the more spectacular is the display. Plant it in full sun and in a place where it will be noticed. It flowers while it is still quite young. As with most fat growers, it can be brittle.

81 Cassia fistula Golden Shower Leaves: Even-pinnate, alternate, inches long, 4-8 pairs of ovate, opposite, leaflets, 3-6 inches long Flowers: Five bright yellow, widely spaced petals. Flower cluster held on terminal and unbranched racemes Fruits: Pods, long and hanging, indehicent, to 24 inches long and 1 inch diameter, many cross walls, each with a single seed

82 Cassia javanica Apple Blossom Cassia A+ July September Briefly deciduous Slightly fragrant blossoms 40'x50' Garden, Park, Shade, Specimen

83 Cassia javanica Apple Blossom Cassia

84 Cassia leptophylla Gold Medallion Tree A+ April - June 21 Flowering Days Briefly deciduous Very cold tolerant 20'x18' Garden, Park, Patio, Screen, Specimen, Streetscape

85 Cassia leptophylla Gold Medallion Tree It has a dense, low spreading, globose crown crammed with huge terminal clusters of circular yellow inflorresences. Flowers: Deep yellow to 3 inches wide borne on terminal racemes up to 8 inches across

86 Senna Pendula Christmas senna, Golden Senna A November December Evergreen Sold as a Christmas plant Requires staking to remain upright Invasive

87 Senna Pendula Christmas senna, Golden Senna

88 Senna Pendula Christmas senna, Golden Senna, Butterfly Cassia

89 Senna polyphylla Desert Cassia A Intermittently, all year Evergreen High salt tolerance High drought tolerance Butterfly attracter Full sun Highly recommended

90 Senna polyphylla Desert Cassia

91 Senna surattensis Glaucous Cassia A+ March November Semi-deciduous in December January Weakly rooted Butterfly attracter

92 Senna Sulfurea Glaucous cassia

93 Senna and Cassia

94 Delonix regina Poinciana regia

95 Delonix regina Poinciana regia A+ May September Deciduous or Semideciduous High drought tolerance 5-12 years to flower Characteristic D. regia scent 50'x75' Garden, Park, Shade, Specimen, Streetscape

96 Delonix regina Royal Poinciana, Flamboyán

97 Delonix regina

98 Delonix regina Royal Poinciana, Flamboyán Ganoderma fungus

99 Dombeya burgessiae Seminole D. elegans, D. rosea, D. x seminole

100 Dombeya burgessiae Seminole Seminole Dombeya, Tropical Rose Hydragea A November January Low salt tolerance Slow growth rate 7 x8 Rarely needs pruning Container, Garden, Park, Patio, Specimen

101 Dombeya wallichii Tropical Snowball

102 Dombeya wallichii Tropical Snowball A November January Low salt tolerance Very cold tolerant flowers in cymes 20 Garden, Park, Specimen Umbellate Cyme

103 Duranta erecta Golden Dewdrop, Pigeon-berry Drooping raceme B January December Native to Florida and much of Central America Frequent light pruning necessary Fruits remain for months 12'x12' Container, Garden, Hedge, Parking Lot, Patio, Poolside, Streetscape

104 Duranta erecta D. ellisia, D. plumieri, D. repens

105 Erythrina crista-galli Cockspur coral Tree, Cry-Baby-Tree A April-July 14 flowering days Deciduous before flowering Armed with curved spines Racemes are commonly 2 feet long

106 Erythrina crista-galli Cockspur coral Tree, Cry-Baby-Tree Terminal raceme

107 Erythrina herbacea Cardinal-spear, Cherokee-bean, Coral-Bean C February June Florida Native Deciduous or Evergreen Spiny Borers

108 Erythrina herbacea Cardinal-spear, Cherokee-bean, Coral-Bean Trifoliate leaf; Constricted dehiscent pod with bright red seeds. Upright raceme to about 2 feet long

109 Erythrina speciosa

110 Erythrina speciosa Little Coral Tree A February April Deciduous just before and while flowering 15 x15 Spiny Borers

111 Erythrina variegata Coral Tree

112 Pachypodium lamerei Madagascar Palm Flower Display: A Origin: Western Madagascar Salt tolerance: Medium Drought Tol.: High Nutritional Req.: Low Growth Rate: Slow Dimension: 8 x8 Messiness: Low

113 Pachypodium lamerei Madagascar Palm Leaves: Simple, alternate, elliptic, dark green to 10 inches long in whorls at branch tips Fruits: Capsules, tube-like, to 8 inches long Flowers: Salverform, white, 5 petals, fragrant, to 8 inches long arranged on cymes

114 Plumeria rubra Frangipani Flower Display: A Origin: Central America, Central Mexico Salt Tolerance: High Drought Tol.: High Nutritional Req.: Low Growth Rate: Slow Dimension: 15 x18 Messiness: High when with leaves

115 Plumeria rubra Frangipani

116 Plumeria rubra Frangipani Rubra form Lutea form

117 Plumeria rubra Frangipani Flowers: Salverform, fleshy, strongly perfumed, white, yellow, pink, to 4 ½ inches wide and 2 ¾ long, on a terminal rather lax corymbose Acutifolia form

118 Fruits: Follicles, tapered to 6 inches long usually held in pairs and not often produced Plumeria rubra Frangipani

119 A rust fungus, Coleosporuim plumeriae, causes premature deciduousness. In some cases, the rust makes it appearance along with the new leaves. By September of each year, there can be so much rust on a tree that a good shake of the tree will rain down an orange dust of spores. Frangipani caterpillars

120 Plumeria or Frangipani Plumeria obtusa var. Singapore Flower Display: A+ Origin: Bahamas, Caribbean Salt tolerance: High Drought Tol.: High Nutritional Req.: Low Growth Rate: Slow Dimension: 12 x20 Messiness: Medium when deciduous

121 Plumeria or Frangipani Plumeria obtusa var. Singapore Leaves: Simple, alternate, oblong to obovate, dark green, from 6 to 14 inches long, curved under at edge with blunt or indented tips Flowers: Salvereform, to 2 inches long having 5, not overlapping, white petals with yellow throat borne on terminal cymes

122 Plumeria pudica Bridal Bouquet A Growth Rate: Medium Flowering Month(s): April - December Typical Dimension: 13'x9' Messiness: Low Drought Tolerance: High Nutritional Req: Low Major Problems: Whiteflies

123 Plumeria pudica Bridal Bouquet Leaves: Simple, oblong to spathulate, to 7 inches with a pair of large lobes near the pointed tip Flowers: Salverform, white, 5 overlapping petals, with yellow throat, up to 3 ½ inches across, and arranged on terminal cymes Fruits: Follicles, dark brown, usuallay borne in pairs

124 Euphorbia leucocephala Christmas Bush A+ November January 33 flowering days Deciduous below 40F Low salt tolerance 10 x12 Fruits rare in the U.S.

125 Gordonia lasianthus Loblolly Bay C May June Evergreen Florida Native Low drought tolerance Natural in wet areas Pyramidal shape Straight-trunked tree

126 Gordonia lasianthus Loblolly Bay

127 Gordonia lasianthus Loblolly Bay Leaf: Simple, alternate, long-elliptic, dark green, leathery 2-5 inches long, margin evenly and finely toothed Flower: Single, axillary, five creamy white petals surrounding a center of yellow stamens

128 Tabebuia aurea Silver Trumpet Tree/Yellow Poui A+ March 16 flowering days Semi-deciduous or deciduous before and while flowering

129 Tabebuia aurea Silver Trumpet Tree T. aurea begins to bloom when the tree commences to lose its leaves. Trees flower with varying degrees of leaf retention. The most desirable flowering with no leaves.

130 Tabebuia aurea Silver Trumpet Tree Leaves: Palmate, opposite, to 11 long, with 5-7 oblong-elliptic to oblonglanceolate leaflets Flowers: Funnelform, flaring mouth, bright yellow on terminal panicles Fruits: Follicle, oblong, narrow at each extreme, somewhat woody, to 6 inches long

131 Tabebuia bahamensis Five Fingers/Bahamian Trumpet Tree

132 Tabebuia bahamensis Five Fingers, Bahamian Trumpet Tree C March-April Deciduous High Salt Tolerance High Drought Tolerance 12 x8

133 Tabebuia heptaphylla Bignonia heptaphylla, T. avellanedae

134 Tabebuia heptaphylla Pink Trumpet Tree A+ January February Deciduous when flowering Medium Drought Tolerance 40 x50

135 Tabebuia hetrophylla Pink Trumpet Tree B+ March April, sporadic throughout the year High Salt Tolerance. Will grow on beach sand 25 x20

136 Tabebuia hetrophylla Pink Trumpet Tree Leaves: Palmate, opposite, 6-12 inches long, with mostly 3-5 leathery, elloptic to obovate leaflets Flowers: Funnelform, upper-half pink or lavender, rarely white, bottom-half crème colored, yellow throat fades to white, to 3 inches long on terminal panicles Fruits: Capsules, narrow, linear-cylindric, green, to 8 inches long and 0.4 inches wide

137 Tabebuia hetrophylla Pink Trumpet Tree

138 Tabebuia impetiginosa Purple Tabebuia Tree, Ipe A+ 21 flowering days February March Deciduous when flowering High drought tolerance Widely available

139 Tabebuia impetiginosa Purple Tabebuia Tree, Ipe

140 Tabebuia ochracea Gold Trumpet Tree A+ February March Trees flower when quite young 21 flowering days 24 deciduous days High drought tolerance Velvety buds, fuzzy brown velvety fruits Attracts epiphytic plants

141 Tabebuia ochracea Gold Trumpet Tree

142 Tabebuia umbellata No common name found A March-April 15 flowering days Open growth habit Very cold tolerant/10f High nutrition demand Slow growth 40 x34

143 Tabebuia umbellata T. eximia, Tecoma umbellata

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